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Collins v. NTN-Bower Corp.

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit
Dec 5, 2001
272 F.3d 1006 (7th Cir. 2001)

Summary

holding that where plaintiff had previously advised supervisors of her depression, which "incapacitated her on a particular day she could have made clear the ‘serious' nature of her condition by referring to knowledge already in the employer's possession"; by instead saying only that she was "sick," plaintiff "not only withheld important information from the employer but likely threw it off the scent"

Summary of this case from Germanowski v. Harris

Opinion

No. 01-1930.

Submitted November 19, 2001.

Appellant waived any entitlement to oral argument in this case, and the court agreed that the case was appropriate for decision on the briefs and record.

Decided December 5, 2001.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois, Joe Billy McDade, Chief Judge.

Daniel S. Alcorn (submitted), Stoerzbach Morrison Robertson Wilcox Alcorn, Galesburg, IL, for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Roy G. Davis, Davis Campbell, Peoria, IL, for Defendants-Appellees.

Before BAUER, EASTERBROOK, and EVANS, Circuit Judges.



After receiving twelve informal and four formal warnings for deficient attendance, Linda Collins was fired when she called in sick for two days in March 1998. That was all she said: that she was "sick." Her employer deemed this inadequate in light of Collins's spotty attendance record. But in this litigation under the Family and Medical Leave Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 2601-54, which entitles employees to as much as 12 weeks' unpaid leave per year in order to cope with major illnesses and important family events, Collins contends that she has a covered condition: depression. In a deposition Dr. Ronald K. Leonard testified that Collins is incapacitated by depression between 10% and 20% of the time, and that episodes may occur without warning. If this is so then it is doubtful that the Act has much to offer Collins. Courts have been reluctant to read the FMLA as allowing unscheduled and unpredictable, but cumulatively substantial, absences, when the Americans with Disabilities Act protects only persons who over the long run are capable of working full time. See EEOC v. Yellow Freight System, Inc., 253 F.3d 943 (7th Cir. 2001) (en banc); DeVito v. Chicago Park District, 270 F.3d 532 (7th Cir. 2001). Collins is not suffering from an acute condition that will improve with time off; instead she asserts a right to take unscheduled leave at a moment's notice for the rest of her life. This implies that she is not qualified for a position where reliable attendance is a bona fide requirement, and a person not protected by the ADA may be discharged. Yet Collins did not skip even 10% of working days before her discharge; her depression does not seem to be as severe as Dr. Leonard believes. Thus like the district court we focus on the question whether Collins complied with the requirement that she notify her employer of the need for FMLA leave.

The FMLA requires health-related leave only for employees who suffer from "a serious health condition". 29 U.S.C. § 2612(a)(1)(D). Depression may meet this description, and we shall assume that Collins suffers from clinical depression, which certainly meets it — but Collins did not let her employer know the reason for her absence, and notice is essential even for emergencies. See 29 C.F.R. § 825.303. "Sick" does not imply "a serious health condition". The regulation allows notice to be delayed a day or two (an emergency may interfere with giving notice as well as with working), but Collins took much longer to let her employer know why she did not show up. Although workers need not expressly assert rights under the FMLA, see § 825.303(b) — firms should be able to figure out for themselves the legal rules governing leave, once they know that a serious medical condition or family situation is ongoing, see Stoops v. One Call Communications, Inc., 141 F.3d 309, 312 (7th Cir. 1998) — employers still are entitled to the sort of notice that will inform them not only that the FMLA may apply but also when a given employee will return to work. Gilliam v. United Parcel Service, Inc., 233 F.3d 969 (7th Cir. 2000); Diaz v. Ft. Wayne Foundry Corp., 131 F.3d 711 (7th Cir. 1997). Collins did not furnish that kind of notice until this litigation — far too late, the district judge held when granting summary judgment to her employer.

On appeal Collins observes that § 825.303, which deals with situations in which advance notice is impossible, differs from § 825.302, which establishes the normal requirement of 30 days' notice. Section 825.302(c) provides: "An employee shall provide at least verbal notice sufficient to make the employer aware that the employee needs FMLA-qualifying leave, and the anticipated timing and duration of the leave." No comparable language appears in § 825.303. This means, Collins insists, that when time is short an employee need not let the employer know that the leave is "FMLA-qualifying" — in other words, need not ever let the employer know that the medical condition is "serious." This is a lot to read into silence, especially when the premise of the argument is so doubtful. Collins treats § 825.302 as handling exclusively those situations in which advance notice is possible. Yet its language is not so limited; it deals with all particulars of notice, and then § 825.303 states an exception to the timing rule. On this understanding the substance and other particulars of notice must conform to § 825.302, and only the timing of its delivery is affected by § 825.303. See Satterfield v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 135 F.3d 973 (5th Cir. 1998).

Sometimes absence is required by an event that could not be predicted: for example, a family member who dies unexpectedly. That is not Collins's situation. Depression did not come on her overnight. In this suit she contends that it had been developing for years and that she had mentioned the problem to supervisors early in 1997, a year before the absence that led to her discharge. Once Collins knew that she had a problem, she could predict that this would lead her to miss work on occasion, and she could have given the notice contemplated by § 825.302 long before March 1998. Then when depression incapacitated her on a particular day she could have made clear the "serious" nature of her condition by referring to knowledge already in the employer's possession. A reference to being "sick" not only withheld important information from the employer but likely threw it off the scent. Certainly it did not suggest to the employer that the medical condition might be serious or that the FMLA otherwise could be applicable. See Price v. Ft. Wayne, 117 F.3d 1022, 1026 (7th Cir. 1997). Like the district court, therefore, we conclude that Collins failed in her obligation to tell the employer enough to suggest that the FMLA may be pertinent.

AFFIRMED.


Summaries of

Collins v. NTN-Bower Corp.

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit
Dec 5, 2001
272 F.3d 1006 (7th Cir. 2001)

holding that where plaintiff had previously advised supervisors of her depression, which "incapacitated her on a particular day she could have made clear the ‘serious' nature of her condition by referring to knowledge already in the employer's possession"; by instead saying only that she was "sick," plaintiff "not only withheld important information from the employer but likely threw it off the scent"

Summary of this case from Germanowski v. Harris

holding that while FMLA regulations allow for a delay in notice, the regulations do not say that the employee "need not ever let the employer know that the medical condition is 'serious'"

Summary of this case from McQueen v. City of Chi.

holding that, even assuming employee had serious health condition, advising employer only that she was "sick" was inadequate because "'[s]ick' does not imply 'a serious health condition'"

Summary of this case from McCammon-Chase v. Circle Family Care, Inc.

holding that employee may give adequate notice by merely referring to a serious health condition of which employer is already aware

Summary of this case from Hayduk v. City of Johnstown

holding that this provision applies even in situations where advance notice is not possible

Summary of this case from Caskey v. Colgate-Palmolive Co.

holding that plaintiff generally stating she was "sick" was not sufficient to show a serious health condition

Summary of this case from Lozano v. Kay Manufacturing Company

granting summary judgment to employer despite the fact that the employee "had mentioned the [serious medical] problem to supervisors early in 1997, a year before the absence that led to her discharge"

Summary of this case from Dorris v. Walmart, Inc.

affirming dismissal of FMLA claim because "`[s]ick' does not imply `a serious health condition'" and "employers . . . are entitled to the sort of notice that will inform them not only that the FMLA may apply but also when a given employee will return to work"

Summary of this case from Naber v. Dover Healthcare Associates, Inc.

affirming summary judgment in favor of employer when plaintiff claimed discharge violated FMLA, but simply called in "sick" without other notice to employer; "notice is essential even for emergencies. . . . employers still are entitled to the sort of notice that will inform them not only that the FMLA may apply but also when a given employee will return to work"

Summary of this case from Medina-Salas v. Tyson Fresh Meats, Inc.

affirming summary judgment for the employer when an employee suffering from depression called and informed her employer only that she was "sick"

Summary of this case from Woodman v. Miesel Sysco Food Service Company

explaining that even in situations where FMLA leave is unforeseeable, the employee's notice must conform with the substantive requirements of 29 C.F.R. § 825.302(c)

Summary of this case from Righi v. SMC Corp.

In Collins, the court did recognize depression may meet the FMLA description and clinical depression certainly meets the "serious health condition" requirement.

Summary of this case from Spangler v. Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines

noting a mere reference to being sick "did not suggest to the employer that the medical condition might be serious or that the FMLA otherwise could be applicable"

Summary of this case from Dorris v. Walmart, Inc.

noting that "notice is essential" even assuming that the employee was suffering from a serious health condition

Summary of this case from Mathews v. Choptank Cmty. Health Sys.

stating that " ‘[s]ick’ does not imply a ‘serious health condition’ "

Summary of this case from Blake v. City of Montgomery

noting that "notice is essential" even assuming that the employee was suffering from a serious health condition

Summary of this case from Rice v. Charter Commc'ns, Inc.

noting that "Courts have been reluctant to read the FMLA as allowing unscheduled and unpredictable, but cumulatively substantial, absences, when the Americans with Disabilities Act protects only persons who over the long run are capable of working full time"

Summary of this case from Weeks v. Oshkosh Truck Corp.

noting that "notice is essential" even assuming that the employee was suffering from a serious health condition

Summary of this case from Rodriguez v. Smithfield Packing Co., Inc.

In Collins, the Seventh Circuit affirmed summary judgment in favor of an employer on an FMLA claim brought by an employee who had been discharged for two consecutive absences.

Summary of this case from Caskey v. Colgate-Palmolive Co.

In Collins, the court focused only on the question of notice and did not decide whether the plaintiff suffered from a "serious health condition" within the meaning of the Act.

Summary of this case from Caskey v. Colgate-Palmolive Co.

In Collins v. NTN-Bower Corp., 272 F.3d 1006, 1007-08 (7th Cir. 2001), the Seventh Circuit considered whether an employee who calls in and states only that she is "sick" has given her employer sufficient notice under the FMLA.

Summary of this case from Sechrist v. Harris Steel Company

In Collins, the Seventh Circuit determined that Plaintiff had not given adequate notice as required by the FMLA when she told her employer that she was "sick" in order to explain her absence but did not further indicate that she had a serious health condition.

Summary of this case from Mainor v. Bankfinancial F.S.B

providing that employers are entitled to "the sort of notice that will inform them not only that the FMLA may apply but also when a given employee will return to work."

Summary of this case from Cagle v. Finishmaster Inc.

In Collins, the Seventh Circuit affirmed summary judgment for the employer when an employee suffering from depression called and advised her employer only that she was "sick."

Summary of this case from Paulson v. Superior Plating, Inc.

In Collins v. NTN-Bower Corp., 272 F.3d 1006 (7th Cir. 2001), the Seventh Circuit likewise affirmed summary judgment for an employer when the employee advised her employer that she would not be in, because she was "sick."

Summary of this case from Brock v. United Grinding Technologies, Inc.
Case details for

Collins v. NTN-Bower Corp.

Case Details

Full title:Linda S. COLLINS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NTN-BOWER CORPORATION, et al.…

Court:United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit

Date published: Dec 5, 2001

Citations

272 F.3d 1006 (7th Cir. 2001)

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