Section 221.23a - Policyholder collateral, deductible reimbursements and other policyholder obligations(a) Collateral shall not be considered an asset of the estate and shall be maintained and administered by the receiver as provided in this section, notwithstanding any other provision of law or contract to the contrary.(b) Subject to the provisions of this section, the collateral shall be used to secure the policyholder's obligation to fund or reimburse claims payment within the agreed deductible amount.(c) If a claim that is subject to a deductible agreement and secured by collateral is not covered by any guaranty association and the policyholder is unwilling or unable to take over the handling and payment of the non-covered claims, the receiver shall adjust and pay the non-covered claims utilizing the collateral but only to the extent the available collateral, after allocation under subsection (d), is sufficient to pay all outstanding and anticipated claims. A claim against the collateral by a third-party claimant is not a claim against the insolvent insurer's estate for the purposes of releasing the policyholder to the extent of applicable policy coverage. If the collateral is exhausted and the insured is not able to provide funds to pay the remaining claims within the deductible after all collection means against the insured have been exhausted, the receiver's obligation to pay such claims from the collateral terminates, and the remaining claims shall be claims against the insurer's estate subject to complying with other provisions of this article for the filing and allowance of claims. When the liquidator determines the collateral provided by the insured is insufficient to pay all additional and anticipated claims against the insured, the liquidator may file a plan for equitably allocating the collateral among claimants of the insured which provided the collateral, subject to court approval.(d) To the extent that the receiver is holding collateral that secures other obligations of the policyholder to pay the insurer directly or indirectly amounts that will become assets of the estate,such as reinsurance obligations under a captive reinsurance program or premium obligations under a retrospectively rated insurance policy where the premium due is subject to adjustment based upon actual loss experience, the receiver shall equitably allocate the collateral among such obligations and administer the collateral allocated to the deductible agreement pursuant to this section. With respect to the collateral allocated to obligations under the deductible agreement, if the collateral-secured reimbursement obligations are under more than one line of insurance, then the collateral shall be equitably allocated among the various lines based upon the estimated ultimate exposure within the deductible amount for each line. The receiver shall inform the guaranty associations of the method and details of all the foregoing allocations.(e) Regardless of whether there is collateral, if the insurer has contractually agreed to allow the policyholder to fund its own claims within the deductible amount pursuant to a deductible agreement either through the policyholder's own administration of its claims or through the policyholder providing funds directly to a third-party administrator who administers the claims, the receiver shall allow such funding arrangement to continue and, where applicable, will enforce such arrangements to the fullest extent possible. The funding of such claims by the policyholder within the deductible amount will act as a bar to a claim for such amount in the liquidation proceeding, including, but not limited to, a claim by the policyholder or the third-party claimant. The funding will extinguish both the obligation, if any, of any guaranty association to pay such claims within the deductible amount, as well as the obligation, if any, of the policyholder or the third-party administrator to reimburse the guaranty association. No charge of any kind shall be made against a guaranty association on the basis of the policyholder funding of claims payment made pursuant to the mechanism set forth in this subsection.(f)(1) If the insurer has not contractually agreed to allow the policyholder to fund its own claims within the deductible amount, to the extent a guaranty association is required by applicable State law to pay any claims for which the insurer would have been entitled to reimbursement from the policyholder under the terms of the deductible agreement and to the extent the claims have not been paid by the policyholder or by a third party, the receiver shall promptly bill the policyholder for such reimbursement, and the policyholder will be obligated to pay such amount to the receiver for the benefit of the guaranty associations who paid such claims. Neither the insolvency of the insurer nor its inability to perform any of its obligations under the deductible agreement shall be a defense to the policyholder's reimbursements obligation under the deductible agreement. When the policyholder reimbursements are collected, the receiver shall promptly reimburse such guaranty association for claims paid that were subject to the deductible. If the policyholder fails to pay the amounts due within sixty days after such bill for such reimbursements is due, the receiver shall use the collateral to the extent necessary to reimburse the guaranty association and, at the same time, may pursue other collections efforts against the policyholder. If the policyholder reimbursements are not collected due to the reduction in such reimbursements as provided in paragraph (2), the receiver shall nonetheless reimburse such guaranty association as if such reimbursements had been collected. The receiver will obtain funds to reimburse a guaranty association claim affected by paragraph (2) by subtracting from funds collected by the receiver for other policyholder claim reimbursements under this paragraph amounts sufficient to reimburse the guaranty association affected by the application of paragraph (2). Subtraction of funds shall be made against all guaranty associations, including the guaranty association affected by paragraph (2) on the basis of the ratio stated in paragraph (3). If more than one guaranty association has a claim against the same collateral and the available collateral, after allocation under subsection (d), along with billing and collection efforts, are together insufficient to pay each guaranty association in full, then the receiver will prorate payments to each guaranty association based upon the proportion of the amount of claims each guaranty association has paid bears to the total of all claims paid by such guaranty associations.(2) The obligation of a policyholder arising solely from a deductible agreement to reimburse the receiver for the benefit of one or more guaranty associations under paragraph (1) for losses paid by one or more guaranty associations shall be reduced by the amount of premium paid by or on behalf of the policyholder for one or more policies issued by a wholly owned affiliate or subsidiary of the insurer, which affiliate or subsidiary was either licensed to do business in this Commonwealth or was an eligible surplus lines insurer under Article XVI of the act of May 17, 1921 (P.L. 682, No. 284), known as "The Insurance Company Law of 1921," at the time of the issuance of such policies where such policies were purchased to fund the policyholder's obligation to reimburse the insurer for deductibles under the deductible agreement, but in no event shall the reduction in liability be less than ninety per centum of the total premiums paid to the insurer and such affiliate or subsidiary for such policies and coverage provided under the related deductible agreement, provided that the policyholder's reimbursement obligation shall be reduced only if: (i) the wholly owned affiliate or subsidiary was merged into the insurer that was a party to the deductible agreement before the entry of a liquidation order against the insurer; (ii) the merger was approved by the commissioner; and (iii) the merger took place before the enactment of this section.(3) The reduction as a result of paragraph (2) in the amount of deductible reimbursements that one or more guaranty associations would have been entitled to claim from a policyholder of the insurer under paragraph (1) shall be allocated by the receiver pursuant to this paragraph pro rata among all guaranty associations receiving deductible reimbursements under paragraph (1). The pro rata allocation among guaranty associations shall be based upon the ratio of: (i) claims paid and to be paid as estimated by each guaranty association that are referred to in paragraph (1) to (ii) the total amount of claims paid and to be paid estimated by all the guaranty associations that are referred to in paragraph (1). Amounts used for the pro rata allocation shall be determined after giving effect to the provisions referred to in subsection (k) relating to insured net worth.(4) Any claim of the policyholder under one or more policies issued by the affiliate or subsidiary as described in paragraph (2) is hereby waived except for those claims under policies that are not paid by a guaranty association as a covered claim or amounts the policyholder has reimbursed a guaranty association under Article XVIII of "The Insurance Company Law of 1921" or similar laws in other states.(g) If the insurer has not contractually agreed to allow the policyholder to fund its own claims within the deductible amount and a deductible reimbursement policy is present, to the extent a guaranty association is required by applicable State law to pay any claims for which the insurer would have been entitled to reimbursement under the deductible reimbursement policy and to the extent the claims have not been paid by the policyholder or by a third party, the receiver shall first make a good faith attempt to recover reimbursements or collateral under the deductible reimbursement policy. Any resulting recoveries under the deductible reimbursement policy shall by payable to the guaranty associations to the extent of claims paid within the deductible. To the extent the receiver is unable in whole or in part to recover first under the deductible reimbursement policy for claims paid by the guaranty associations, the receiver shall promptly bill the policyholder for the reimbursement, and the policyholder will be obligated to pay the amount to the receiver for the benefit of the guaranty associations who paid the claims. The policyholder shall retain any and all defenses that may be asserted in connection with the receiver's efforts to collect reimbursements from the policyholder.(h) If the insurer has not contractually agreed to allow the policyholder to fund its own claims within the deductible amount and a deductible reimbursement policy is present and if a guaranty association is not paying claims for any reason for which the insurer would have been entitled to reimbursement under the deductible reimbursement policy, to the extent claims covered under a deductible reimbursement policy have been paid by the policyholder and sufficient information on the payments has been provided by the policyholder to the receiver for purposes of billing under the deductible reimbursement policy, the receiver shall make a good faith attempt to recover reimbursements or collateral under the deductible reimbursement policy from the insurer of the deductible reimbursement policy. Any resulting recoveries under the deductible reimbursement policy shall be payable to the policyholder.(i) Receiver's duties and powers:(1) The receiver is entitled to deduct from reimbursements owed to guaranty associations and/or policyholders under this section or collateral to be returned to a policyholder reasonable actual expenses incurred in fulfilling the responsibilities under this provision, not to exceed three per centum of the collateral or the total deductible reimbursements actually collected by the receiver.(2) With respect to claim payments made by any guaranty associations, the receiver shall promptly provide the guaranty associations with a complete accounting of the receiver's deductible billing and collection activities, including, but not limited to, copies of the policyholder billings when rendered, the reimbursements collected, the available amounts and use of collateral for each account and any proration of payments when it occurs. The receiver's costs of accounting shall be included with expenses referred to under this subsection and, together with other reasonable actual expenses, be subject to the overall limit called for by this subsection. If the receiver fails to make a good faith effort within one hundred twenty days of receipt of claims payment reports to collect reimbursements due from a policyholder under a deductible agreement based on claim payments made by one or more guaranty associations, then after such one-hundred-twenty-day-period such guaranty associations may pursue collection from the policyholders directly on the same basis as the receiver and with the same rights and remedies and will report any amounts so collected from each policyholder to the receiver. To the extent that guaranty associations pay claims within the deductible amount but are not reimbursed by either the receiver under this section or by policyholder payments from the guaranty association's own collection efforts, the guaranty association shall have a claim in the insolvent insurer's estate for such unreimbursed claims payments.(3) The receiver shall periodically adjust the collateral being held while the claims subject to the deductible agreement are run off, provided that adequate collateral is maintained to secure the entire estimated ultimate obligation of the policyholder plus a reasonable safety factor, and the receiver shall not be required to adjust the collateral more than once a year. The guaranty associations and the policyholder shall be informed of all such collateral reviews, including, but not limited to, the basis for the adjustment. Once all claims covered by the collateral have been paid and the receiver is satisfied that no new claims can be presented, the receiver will release any remaining collateral to the policyholder.(j) The Commonwealth Court shall have jurisdiction to resolve disputes arising under this section.(k) Nothing in this section is intended to limit or adversely affect any right the guaranty associations may have under applicable State law to obtain reimbursement from certain classes of policyholders for claims payments made by such guaranty associations under policies of the insolvent insurer, or for related expenses the guaranty associations incur.(l) This section will apply to all delinquency proceedings which are open and pending as of the effective date of this section.(m) This section shall not apply to first party claims, or to claims funded by a guaranty association net of the deductible unless subsection (e) applies.(n) For purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the meanings given to them in this subsection: "Collateral" shall mean collateral held by, for the benefit of or assigned to the insurer or subsequently to the receiver in order to secure the obligations of a policyholder under a deductible agreement and also any collateral recovered or held by the receiver that secured the obligations of a policyholder under a deductible reimbursement policy.
"Deductible agreement" shall include any combination of one or more policies, endorsements, contracts or security agreements which provide for the policyholder to bear the risk of loss within a specified amount per each claim or occurrence covered under a policy of insurance and may be subject to aggregate limit of policyholder reimbursement obligations as set forth in an endorsement to a policy or in a program agreement.
"Deductible reimbursement policy" shall mean a policy other than one referred to in subsection (f)(2), purchased by the policyholder to secure the policyholder's obligation to reimburse the insurer for deductibles under the deductible agreement.
"Non-covered claims" shall mean a claim that is subject to a deductible agreement, may be secured by collateral and is not covered by a guaranty association.
1921, May 17, P.L. 789, art. V, § 523.1, added 2004, June 28, P.L. 443, No. 46, § 1, imd. effective.