Section 16-12-106 - Personal use and cultivation of marijuana - penalties(1) Subject to the limitations in 16-12-108, the following acts are lawful and may not be an offense under state law or the laws of any local government within the state, be a basis to impose a civil fine, penalty, or sanction, or be a basis to detain, search, or arrest, or otherwise deny any right or privilege, or to seize or forfeit assets under state law or the laws of any local government for a person who is 21 years of age or older or a registered cardholder: (a) possessing, purchasing, obtaining, using, ingesting, inhaling, or transporting 1 ounce or less of usable marijuana, except that not more than 8 grams may be in a concentrated form and not more than 800 milligrams of THC may be in edible marijuana products meant to be eaten or swallowed in solid form;(b) transferring, delivering, or distributing without consideration, to a person who is 21 years of age or older or a registered cardholder, 1 ounce or less of usable marijuana, except that not more than 8 grams may be in a concentrated form and not more than 800 milligrams of THC may be in edible marijuana products meant to be eaten or swallowed in solid form;(c) in or on the grounds of a private residence, possessing, planting, or cultivating up to two mature marijuana plants and two seedlings, or four mature marijuana plants and four seedlings for a registered cardholder, and possessing, harvesting, drying, processing, or manufacturing the marijuana, provided that: (i) marijuana plants and any marijuana produced by the plants in excess of 1 ounce must be kept in a locked space in or on the grounds of one private residence and may not be visible by normal, unaided vision from a public place;(ii) not more than twice the number of marijuana plants permitted under this subsection (1)(c) may be cultivated in or on the grounds of a single private residence simultaneously;(iii) a person growing or storing marijuana plants under this subsection (1)(c) must own the private residence where the plants are cultivated and stored or obtain written permission to cultivate and store marijuana from the owner of the private residence; and(iv) no portion of a private residence used for cultivation of marijuana and manufacture of marijuana products for personal use may be shared with, rented, or leased to a marijuana business;(d) assisting another person who is at least 21 years of age or a registered cardholder, in any of the acts permitted by this section, including allowing another person to use one's personal residence for any of the acts described in this section; and(e) possessing, purchasing, using, delivering, distributing, manufacturing, transferring, or selling to persons 18 years of age or older paraphernalia relating to marijuana.(2) A person who cultivates marijuana plants that are visible by normal, unaided vision from a public place in violation of subsection (1)(c)(i) is subject to a civil fine not exceeding $250 and forfeiture of the marijuana.(3) A person who cultivates marijuana plants or stores marijuana outside of a locked space is subject to a civil fine not exceeding $250 and forfeiture of the marijuana.(4) A person who smokes marijuana in a public place, other than in an area licensed for that activity by the department, is subject to a civil fine not exceeding $50.(5) For a person who is under 21 years of age and is not a registered cardholder, possession, use, delivery without consideration, or distribution without consideration of marijuana is punishable in accordance with 45-5-624.(6) For a person who is under 18 years of age and is not a registered cardholder, possession, use, transportation, delivery without consideration, or distribution without consideration of marijuana paraphernalia is punishable by forfeiture of the marijuana paraphernalia and 8 hours of drug education or counseling.(7) Unless otherwise permitted under the provisions of Title 16, chapter 12, part 5, the possession, production, delivery without consideration to a person 21 years of age or older, or possession with intent to deliver more than 1 ounce but less than 2 ounces of marijuana or more than 8 grams but less than 16 grams of marijuana in a concentrated form is punishable by forfeiture of the marijuana and: (a) for a first violation, the person's choice between a civil fine not exceeding $200 or completing up to 4 hours of community service in lieu of the fine;(b) for a second violation, the person's choice between a civil fine not exceeding $300 or completing up to 6 hours of community service in lieu of the fine; and(c) for a third or subsequent violation, the person's choice between a civil fine not exceeding $500 or completing up to 8 hours of community service in lieu of the fine.(8) A person may not be denied adoption, custody, or visitation rights relative to a minor solely for conduct that is permitted by this chapter.(9) A person may not be denied access to or priority for an organ transplant or denied access to health care solely for conduct that is permitted by this chapter.Amended by Laws 2023, Ch. 712,Sec. 5, eff. 10/1/2023.Amended by Laws 2021, Ch. 576,Sec. 41, effective in part on 5/18/2021 and effective in part on 1/1/2022.Amended by Laws 2021, Ch. 312,Sec. 1, eff. 4/26/2021.En. Sec. 8, I.M. No. 190, approved Nov. 3, 2020, effective 1/1/2021.Effective date, Laws 2021, Ch. 576: Subsections (1) and (2) of section 116 of Laws 2021, Ch. 576 provide, in pertinent part:
"(1) Except as provided in subsections (2) and (3), [this act] is effective January 1, 2022.
"(2) [Sections 41(1)(a), (1)(b), (1)(c), and (10) through (12)... are effective on passage and approval."Contingent voidness. Section 115 of Laws 2021, Ch. 576 provides: "Contingent voidness. If the Montana supreme court determines that Initiative Measure No. 190, approved November 3, 2020, other than the portions relating to revenue distribution, is in violation of the Montana constitution and the constitutional infirmity invalidates the entire initiative, then both Initiative Measure No. 190 and [this act] [Ch. 576] are void."