S.C. Code Regs. § § 61-62.5.3.III

Current through Register Vol. 48, No. 9, September 27, 2024

Section 61-62.5.3.III - EMISSION LIMITATIONS AND OPERATING REQUIREMENTS

A. Case-by-Case Limitations - Emission limitations other than those stated below, determined in part by material being incinerated or burned and/or by source testing, may be set on a case-by-case basis.

B.Retail Business Incinerators

1. Opacity shall not exceed 20 percent.

2. Particulate Matter (PM) - No established limit.

C.Crematory Incinerator

1. Opacity shall not exceed 10 percent.

2. PM - No established limit.

D.Sludge Incinerators

1. Opacity shall not exceed 20 percent.

2. Particulate matter emissions shall not exceed 1.3 pounds per ton (lb/ton) of dry sludge.

3. Mercury (Hg) emissions shall not exceed 3200 grams/day.

E.Hazardous Waste Incinerators

1. Opacity shall not exceed 10 percent.

2. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) emissions may exceed 4 pounds per hour (lb/hr) only if they are controlled with an efficiency of at least 99 percent.

3. Particulate matter emissions shall not exceed 0.08 grains/Dry Standard Cubic Feet (DSCF) corrected to 7 percent oxygen (O₂) measured on a dry basis.

4. Other emission limits are as follows:

TABLE I
Material	Emission Limit ^a
Nickel (Ni)	6.0 x 10-3 lb / 106 Btu total heat input
Cadmium (Cd)	1.0 x 10-4 lb / 106 Btu total heat input
Chromium (Cr)	5.0 x 10-4lb / 106 Btu total heat input
Arsenic (As)	2.5 x 10-4 lb / 106 Btu total heat input
Lead (Pb)	5.0 x 10-3 lb / 106 Btu total heat input
^a The total heat input value shall include the Btu from the waste and virgin fuel used for production. Furthermore, the total heat input value shall not exceed the Btu used to affect the combustion of the waste and shall not include any Btu input from auxiliary burners located outside of the primary combustion chamber such as those found in secondary combustion chambers, tertiary combustion chambers or afterburners unless those auxiliary burners are fired with waste. In the case where waste is fired in the auxiliary burners located outside of the primary combustion chamber, only the Btu value of the fuel for the auxiliary burner which is from waste shall be added to the total heat input value.

5. All principal organic hazardous constituents (POHC) must be destroyed with an efficiency of at least 99.99 percent.

6. All POHC must be destroyed with an efficiency of at least 99.9999 percent when the waste being burned is hazardous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027 as specified in the South Carolina Hazardous Waste Management Regulation Regulation 61-79.264.343(a)(2)(a)(2). A demonstration of this efficiency must be performed as specified in the referenced paragraph. The definitions of hazardous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027 can be found in the South Carolina Hazardous Waste Management Regulation 61-79.261.31(a)(a).

F. Municipal Waste Combustors (effective June 25, 1999)

1. Opacity shall not exceed 20 percent.

2. Particulate matter (PM) emissions shall not exceed:

a. Existing sources - 0.08 grains/DSCF corrected to 7 percent O₂

b. New sources - "Best Available Control Technology" (BACT) as defined in Regulation Regulation 61-62.5, Standard No. 7, (b)(8).

3. Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, as measured at a location upstream of the control devices, shall not exceed those values listed in Table II, corrected to 7 percent O₂ on a dry basis except as provided in paragraph 4 below.

TABLE II
Municipal Waste Combustor Technology ^a	CO emission limit (ppmv) ^b	Averaging time (hrs)
Mass burn waterwall	100	4
Mass burn refractory	100	4
Mass burn rotary refractory	100	24
Mass burn rotary waterwall	250	24
Modular starved air	50	4
Modular excess air	50	4
Refuse-derived fuel stoker	200	24
Bubbling fluidized bed combustor	100	4
Circulating fluidized bed combustor	100	4
Pulverized coal/refuse-derived fuel mixed fuel-fired combustor	150	4
Spreader stoker coal/refuse-derived fuel mixed fuel-fired combustor	200	24
Other	100	4
^a As defined in 40 CFR 60 Subpart Eb
^b Measured at the combustor outlet in conjunction with a measurement of oxygen concentration, corrected to 7 percent O2, CO and O2 shall be measured on a dry basis.

4. Cement kilns burning municipal solid waste may exceed the values listed in Table II provided they do not exceed 20 parts per million by volume (ppmv) total hydrocarbons (THC) hourly average, as propane (as determined by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Reference Method 25A ( 40 CFR 60, Appendix A) or from Continuous Emission Monitors (CEMs) meeting Performance Specification 2.2 of 40 CFR 266, Appendix IX), measured at the kiln outlet corrected to 7 percent O₂, both measured on a dry basis.

5. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) emissions shall not exceed:

a. Existing sources - 250 ppmv corrected to 7 percent O₂, both measured on a dry basis, hourly average; or a 50 percent reduction by weight or volume, whichever is less stringent.

b. New sources - 30 ppmv, hourly average, corrected to 7 percent O₂, both measured on a dry basis; or the facility shall install emission controls that, on the date of the permit to construct, meet the criteria of BACT as defined in Regulation Regulation 61-62.5, Standard No. 7, (b)(8).

6. Combustion efficiency (C.E.) shall be at least 99.9 percent on an hourly basis, computed as follows:

C. E. = [CO₂]/([CO₂] +" [CO]) x 100

where:

[CO₂] = Concentration of carbon dioxide (ppmv corrected to 7 percent O₂) measured on a dry basis; and

[CO] = Concentration of carbon monoxide (ppmv corrected to 7 percent O₂) measured on a dry basis.

7. The combustor shall maintain the combustion chamber exit gases at a required temperature greater than the temperature at which compliance was demonstrated through source test for particulate matter emissions, CO emissions and combustion efficiency. The combustor shall be equipped with automatically controlled auxiliary fuel burners to maintain the combustion at the required temperature under all waste firing conditions and to ensure that the combustor will reach the required temperature prior to the introduction of waste. To confirm the temperature, a thermocouple shall be appropriately located at the exit of the combustion chamber such that the flames do not impinge on the sensor.

8. The firing of the burners and the combustion air shall be modulated automatically to maintain the required combustion chamber exit temperature.

9. Large, bulky non-combustibles (for example, water heaters, refrigerators) and difficult to burn, bulky combustible materials (for example, mattresses, sofas) shall not be charged to the combustor.

10. Tipping areas shall be enclosed and maintained at a negative pressure. The evacuated air from the tipping area shall be used as primary combustion air in the combustor. Open storage of municipal waste is prohibited.

11. Open storage of ash is prohibited. Ash shall be loaded in an enclosed area or handled wet in enclosed containers.

12. Any visible emissions of ash from an ash conveying system including conveyor transfer points shall not exceed 5 percent of the observation period (that is, 9 minutes per 3-hour period), as determined by EPA Reference Method 22 ( 40 CFR 60, Appendix A) observations. The minimum observation time shall be a series of three one-hour observations that include times when the facility is transferring ash from the municipal waste combustor to the area where ash is stored or loaded into containers or trucks. The average duration of visible emissions per hour shall be calculated from the three one-hour observations. This emission limit does not cover visible emissions discharged inside buildings or enclosures of ash conveying systems; however, this emission limit does cover visible emissions discharged to the atmosphere from buildings or enclosures of ash conveying systems.

13. The source owner or operator shall prepare and submit for Department approval an inspection and maintenance plan and a plan of action for the facility prior to startup. The inspection and maintenance plan shall include calibration, inspection and maintenance schedules along with operating and monitoring parameters for the combustor, associated control equipment and monitoring devices. The plan of action shall identify the steps and procedures the operator will follow to avoid exceedances of the emission limits and operating conditions specified in paragraphs F.1 thru F.7 and F.12 of this section. The plan shall include descriptions of startup and shutdown procedures, actions to be taken to correct anomalous operating conditions and training of plant operators.

14. The combustor shall be equipped with an automatic loader or a sealed feeding device and equipped with the interlocks specified in paragraph 15 below.

15. The charging of waste to the combustor shall automatically cease through the use of an interlock system when any of the following conditions exist:

a. The average combustion chamber exit temperature drops below the required temperature for a rolling 15-minute period;

b. The average flue gas oxygen level drops below 3 percent (dry basis) for a rolling 15-minute period;

c. The average opacity of the visible emissions is equal to or greater than 20 percent for a rolling 15-minute period;

d. The average combustion efficiency drops below 99.5 percent for a rolling 15- minute period; or

e. The monitoring equipment required by Section VI.A.2.e of this standard is not functioning.

16. Some deviation from the above temperature, flue gas oxygen, and CO limits may be permissible for those combustors utilizing advanced combustion technologies or burning specially prepared municipal solid wastes.

17. Startup and Shutdown Requirements:

a. No waste shall be charged to the combustor until the required combustion chamber exit temperature reaches equilibrium. Control equipment shall be operating and functioning properly before waste is introduced into the combustor and until all the wastes are combusted or extinguished;

b. During shutdowns, the required combustion chamber exit temperature is to be maintained using auxiliary burners until the wastes are completely combusted or extinguished; and

c. A detailed procedure for normal system startup and shutdown shall be submitted as a part of the application for approval including the duration of preheat and burnout cycles.

G.Air Curtain Incinerator

1. Opacity shall not exceed 20 percent, except that an opacity level of up to 35 percent is permitted during startup periods during the first 30 minutes of operation of the unit.

2. Air curtain incinerators shall be required for the burning of yard waste (excluding plastic bags), land clearing waste consisting of only untreated natural wood debris, and untreated or unfinished woodwaste that does not occur on the premises on which it originates. This requirement may be waived for non-reoccurring instances.

3. Refractory lined pits shall be required.

4.Performance Requirements:

a. The amount of material to be incinerated shall not exceed 38,325 tons per year without a PSD review. Records of tons per year incinerated shall be kept and maintained for at least two years and made available to the Department upon request;

b. Onsite storage of debris to be incinerated shall be kept to a minimum;

c. Material to be incinerated shall be incinerated within one week of storage unless otherwise approved by the Department;

d. This air curtain incinerator is permitted to burn only yard waste (excluding plastic bags), land clearing waste consisting of only untreated natural wood debris, untreated or unfinished woodwaste, and clean wood;

e. An operation and maintenance program shall be developed and adhered to at all times to ensure the proper operation of this facility;

f. Good operation practices shall be exercised to minimize emissions from incineration. This shall include the wetting of ash prior to removal from the air curtain incinerator;

g. Winds during the time of burning or ash removal must be away from any area in which the ambient air may be significantly affected by the smoke or ash from this operation if that area contains a public roadway or a residential, commercial, or industrial site;

h. All ash shall be stored in compliance with the requirements of the South Carolina Solid Waste Management Regulation 61-107.12;

i. No burning shall take place if the air curtain incinerator is not operating properly or at its design air flow;

j. The air curtain incinerator shall be used at all times that the pit contains burning permitted material except during startup to get the fire ignited;

k. The air curtain incinerator shall be located so as to maximize the distance to business and residential areas and shall be located at least 500 feet from any business or residence located on adjacent properties;

l. Access roads and loader work areas shall be maintained in such a manner so as to minimize fugitive emissions. This shall include the use of water sprays, dust controlling chemicals (but not volatile organic compounds) or other Department approved dust suppression systems;

m. Stacking rakes or similar devices shall be utilized on loader equipment when loaders are used to charge the pit in order to minimize dirt on the material to be burned; and

n. Any change in location of the air curtain incinerator must have prior written approval from the Department.

5. PM - No established limit.

H. Commercial Incinerators (effective June 25, 1999)

1. Opacity shall not exceed 20 percent.

2. Particulate matter emissions shall not exceed 0.15 grains / DSCF corrected to 7 percent O₂ on a dry basis.

3. CO emissions shall not exceed 100 ppmv hourly average corrected to 7 percent O₂. CO and O₂ shall be measured on a dry basis.

4. The unit shall maintain the combustion gases at a temperature greater than the temperature at which compliance was demonstrated through source test for particulate matter and CO emissions. The unit shall be equipped with automatically controlled auxiliary fuel burners to maintain the combustion gases at the required temperature under all waste firing conditions and to ensure that the unit will reach the required temperature prior to the introduction of waste. To confirm the temperature, a thermocouple shall be appropriately located at the exit of the combustion chamber such that the flames do not impinge on the sensor.

5. The firing of the burners and the combustion air shall be modulated automatically to maintain the required temperature.

6. Open storage of ash is prohibited. Ash shall be loaded in an enclosed area or handled wet in enclosed containers.

7. Startup and Shutdown Requirements:

a. No waste shall be charged to the incinerator until the required combustion chamber exit temperature reaches equilibrium;

b. During shutdowns, the required combustion chamber exit temperature is to be maintained using auxiliary burners until the wastes are completely combusted or extinguished; and

c. A detailed procedure for normal system startup and shutdown shall be submitted as a part of the application for approval including the duration of preheat and burnout cycles.

I.Industrial Incinerators

1. Opacity shall not exceed 20 percent.

2. Particulate matter emissions shall not exceed 0.5 lbs/10⁶ Btu total heat input. The total heat input value from waste and virgin fuel used for production shall not exceed the Btus used to affect the combustion of the waste and shall not include any Btu input from auxiliary burners located outside of the primary combustion chamber such as those found in secondary combustion chambers, tertiary combustion chambers or afterburners unless those auxiliary burners are fired with waste. In the case where waste is fired in the auxiliary burners located outside of the primary combustion chamber, only the Btu value of the fuel for the auxiliary burner which is from waste shall be added to the total heat input value.

3. Industrial incinerators with a total design capacity of less than 1x10⁶ Btu/hr including auxiliary devices used to recondition parts shall be exempt from all requirements of this standard except for the following:

a. Opacity shall not exceed 20 percent; and

b. Records documenting the contaminant being removed and possible emissions from the process shall be maintained and made available for Department review.

J.Industrial Boilers and Utility Boilers

1. Emission limits as stated in Table III shall apply. More restrictive opacity and/or mass emission limits than specified in Regulation Regulation 61-62.5, Standard No. 1 may be imposed based on source test results to ensure compliance with these limits.

TABLE III ^b
Material	Emission Limit ^a
Nickel (Ni)	6.0 x 10-3 lb / 106 Btu total heat input
Cadmium (Cd)	1.0 x 10-4 lb / 106 Btu total heat input
Chromium (Cr)	7.4 x 10-4 lb / 106 Btu total heat input
Arsenic (As)	1.7 x 10-3 lb / 106 Btu total heat input
Lead (Pb)	5.0 x 10-3 lb / 106 Btu total heat input
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)	0.45 lb / 106 Btu total heat input
^a The total heat input value shall include the Btu from the waste and virgin fuel used for production. Furthermore, the maximum total heat input value to be used in determining the emission limitations shall be limited to the Btus necessary to maintain production. The Btu from other sources such as afterburners shall not be considered in determining this total heat input value unless those auxiliary burners are fired with waste. In the case where waste is fired in the auxiliary burners located outside of the primary combustion chamber, only the Btu value of the fuel for the auxiliary burner which is from waste shall be added to the total heat input value. ^b Source testing for metals or HCl will not be required at facilities burning waste with no metals or chlorine in the waste. Analysis showing these constituents to be nondetectible by reference method in the waste would be an alternative method for determining compliance with emission limits as allowed by Regulation 61-62.5, Standard No. 3, Section VIII(A).

2. HCl emissions may exceed 0.45 lb/10⁶ Btu total heat input only if the HCl emissions are controlled with an efficiency of at least 99 percent.

3. All principal organic hazardous constituents (POHC) must be destroyed with an efficiency of at least 99.99 percent (only if burning hazardous waste).

4. All POHC must be destroyed with an efficiency of at least 99.9999 percent when the waste being burned is hazardous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027 as specified in the South Carolina Hazardous Waste Management Regulation 61-79.264.343(a)(2)(a)(2). A demonstration of this efficiency must be performed as specified in the referenced paragraph. The definitions of hazardous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027 can be found in the South Carolina Hazardous Waste Management Regulation 61-79.261.31(a)(a).

5. Any boiler less than 10 x 10⁶ Btu/hr rated heat input will be restricted to the use of virgin fuel and/or spec. oil.

6. Sources burning small quantities of waste that is generated by the owner/operator and is burned as described in Table IV below, are exempt from the requirements of this standard except as follows:

a. There must be a valid permit for the boiler which specifies the exact waste to be burned;

b. Analysis may be required to prove that the material to be burned is one of the substances authorized by the permit; and

c. Records of the material being burned (that is, gallons per month or tons per month) and its firing rate must be kept and made available to the Department upon request.

TABLE IV
Boiler Size (1 x 106 Btu/hr)	Waste Firing Rate (heat input of waste/ design heat input of unit)
>10 - 50	0.1
>50	0.06

7. Sources burning specification used oil are exempt from the emissions limitations listed in Table III, provided paragraphs 6a and 6b above are complied with.

K. Non-Industrial Boilers - Regardless of size, non-industrial boilers, with the exception of utility boilers, are restricted to the use of virgin fuels and/or spec. oil.

L.Industrial Furnaces

1. Emission limits as stated in Section III, Table III, shall apply. More restrictive opacity and/or mass emission limits than specified in Regulation Regulation 61-62.5, Standard No. 4 may be required based on source test results to ensure compliance with these limits.

2. All principal organic hazardous constituents (POHC) must be destroyed with an efficiency of at least 99.99 percent (only if burning hazardous waste).

3. All POHC must be destroyed with an efficiency of at least 99.9999 percent when the waste being burned is hazardous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, or F027 as specified in the South Carolina Hazardous Waste Management Regulation 61-79.264.343(a)(2)(a)(2). A demonstration of this efficiency must be performed as specified in the referenced paragraph. The definitions of hazardous wastes F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, and F027 can be found in the South Carolina Hazardous Waste Management Regulation Regulation 61-79.261.31(a)(a).

4. Any furnace less than 10 x 10⁶ Btu/hr rated heat input will be restricted to the use of virgin fuel and/or spec. oil.

5. Sources burning small quantities of waste that is generated by the owner/operator and is burned as described in Table V below, are exempt from the requirements of this standard except as follows:

a. There must be a valid permit for the furnace which specifies the exact waste to be burned;

b. Analysis may be required to prove that the material to be burned is one of the substances authorized by the permit; and

c. Records of the material being burned (that is, gallons per month or tons per month) and its firing rate must be kept and made available to the Department upon request.

TABLE V
Furnace Size (1 x 106 Btu/hr)	Waste Firing Rate (heat input of waste/ design heat input of unit)
>10 - 50	0.1
>50	0.06

6. Sources burning specification used oil are exempt from the emissions limitations listed in Table III, provided paragraphs 5a and 5b above are complied with.

7. HCl emissions may exceed 0.45 lb/10⁶ Btu total heat input only if the HCl emissions are controlled with an efficiency of at least 99 percent.

M. Non-Industrial Furnaces - Regardless of size, non-industrial furnaces are restricted to the use of virgin fuels and/or spec. oil.

N. Combination Sources - When a source engages in activities that can be construed as being in more than one classification, the more restrictive limitations will apply.

S.C. Code Regs. § 61-62.5.3.III

Amended by State Register Volume 37, Issue No. 4, eff April 26, 2013.