J.J. Cassone Bakery

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Dec 6, 2005

345 N.L.R.B. 1305 (N.L.R.B. 2005)

J.J. CASSONE BAKERY
345 NLRB No. 111
1305
J.J. Cassone Bakery, Inc. and Bakery, Confectionary
and Tobacco Workers’ Union, Local 3 and
Cabrilio Flores and Lorenzo Macua. Cases 2–
CA–32559, 2–CA–32778, 2–CA–32941, 2–CA–
33144, 2–CA–33267, and 2–RC–22152
December 6, 2005
ORDER REMANDING PROCEEDINGS
BY CHAIRMAN BATTISTA AND MEMBERS LIEBMAN
AND SCHAUMBER
On January 31, 2002, Administrative Law Judge How-
ard Edelman issued the attached decision. The Respon-
dent filed exceptions and a supporting brief, and the
General Counsel filed exceptions. In its exceptions, the
Respondent asserts that the judge failed to conduct a
careful and independent analysis of the evidence. Spe-
cifically, it asserts that the judge acted improperly by
extensive copying of the posthearing briefs filed by the
General Counsel and the Charging Party Union, which
provide virtually the entire legal analysis in his decision.
The Respondent argues that this conduct demonstrates
that the judge failed to consider or address any argu-
ments made by the Respondent in its own posthearing
brief. Because it claims this conduct demonstrates that
the judge was biased against it, the Respondent asks the
Board to order a new hearing.1
After carefully reviewing the entire record, as well as
the parties’ posthearing briefs to the judge, we find merit
in the Respondent’s criticisms of the judge’s decision.
We shall order that the case be remanded for review by a
different administrative law judge.
We are troubled that Judge Edelman has shown a pat-
tern of extensive copying from parties’ briefs, as we re-
flected in Dish Network, 345 NLRB No. 83, slip op. at 1
(2005), and Fairfield Tower Condominium Association,
343 NLRB 923, 923 fn. 1 (2004). For the reasons stated
in Dish Network, supra, the judge’s wholesale borrowing
of large portions of the parties’ briefs into his decision
improperly creates the appearance of partiality in favor
of the General Counsel and the Charging Party Union.
Here, supra, two aspects of the judge’s conduct in
copying the parties’ posthearing briefs give the appear-
ance of partiality. First is the extent of the judge’s copy-
ing. Our comparison of the relevant documents reveals
that the majority of Judge Edelman’s decision was cop-

1 Neither the General Counsel nor the Charging Party Union has re-
sponded to this concern raised about the judge’s decision.
ied verbatim from the briefs filed by the General Counsel
and Charging Party Union. Second, the judge copied
verbatim from these briefs both in his factual statement
and his substantive legal discussion. The impression
given is that Judge Edelman failed to conduct an inde-
pendent analysis of the case’s underlying facts and legal
issues.
In order to dispel this impression of partiality, we will
remand the case to the chief administrative law judge for
reassignment to a different administrative law judge. We
remand this case reluctantly because the transcript of the
hearing satisfies us that Judge Edelman conducted the
hearing impartially and in an appropriately judicial man-
ner, and we do not suggest that the judge’s findings were
in error. The new judge shall review the record and issue
a reasoned decision. We will not order a hearing de
novo, because our review of the record satisfies us that
Judge Edelman conducted the hearing itself properly.
Additionally, we instruct the new administrative law
judge to reopen the record only if necessary. In this re-
gard, the new judge may rely on Judge Edelman’s de-
meanor-based credibility determinations unless they are
inconsistent with the weight of the evidence. If inconsis-
tent with the weight of the evidence, the new judge may
seek to resolve such conflicts by: one, considering “the
weight of the respective evidence, established or admit-
ted facts, inherent probabilities, and reasonable infer-
ences which may be drawn from the record as a whole,”
RC Aluminum Industries, 343 NLRB 939, 939 fn. 2
(2004), quoting Daikichi Sushi, 335 NLRB 622, 623
(2001) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted);
or two, in his/her discretion, reconvene the hearing and
recall witnesses for further testimony. In so doing, the
new judge will have the authority to make his/her own
demeanor-based credibility findings.
ORDER
IT IS ORDERED that the administrative law judge’s deci-
sion of January 31, 2002 is set aside.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this case is remanded to
the chief administrative law judge for reassignment to a
different administrative law judge who shall review the
record of this matter and prepare and serve on the parties
a decision containing findings of fact, conclusions of
law, and recommendations based on the evidence re-
ceived. Following service of such decision on the par-
ties, the provisions of Section 102.46 of the Board’s
Rules and Regulations shall apply.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD1306
Geoffrey Dunham, Esq., for the General Counsel.
Marc L. Silverman and Nilufer Dalal, Esqs. (Brown & Wood
LLP), for the Respondent.
Adrienne Saldana, Esq., for the Charging Party.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
HOWARD EDELMAN, Administrative Law Judge. This case
was tried before me in New York, New York, on June 27, 28,
29, October 21, 24, December 11, 12, 13, 15, 2000, and Febru-
ary 26, 27, and 28, 2001.
On November 5, 1999, Bakery, Confectionary and Tobacco
Workers Union, Local 3 (the Union), filed a charge in Case 2–
CA–32559, alleging that J.J. Cassone Bakery, Inc. (Respon-
dent), violated Section 8(a)(1) and (3) of the National Labor
Relations Act. On February 10, 2000, the Union filed a charge
in Case 2–CA–32778, alleging that Respondent violated Sec-
tion 8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act. On April 14, 2000, the Union
filed a charge in Case 2–CA–32941, alleging that Respondent
violated Section 8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act. On July 18, 2000,
Lorenzo Macua, an individual, filed a charge in Case 2–CA–
33144, alleging that Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1), (3),
and (4) of the Act. On September 7, 2000, Cabrilio Flores, an
individual, filed a charge in Case 2–CA–33267, alleging that
Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act.
Pursuant to the above charges, on February 22, 2000 and
May 18, 2000, the Regional Director issued a complaint and
notice of hearing; and on October 19, 2000, the Regional Direc-
tor issued an order consolidating cases, consolidated complaint
and notice of hearing.
Based upon the entire record herein, my observation of the
demeanor of the witnesses and briefs submitted by counsel for
the General Counsel, counsel for the Union, and counsel for
Respondent, I make the following findings of fact and conclu-
sions of law.
Respondent is a New York State corporation engaged in the
baking of breads and other baked goods. Respondent sells such
baked goods wholesale, to various retail stores, and retail at its
own store. Its factory and retail shop are located in a single
facility located in Portchester, New York. Respondent receives
at this facility goods and materials valued at in excess of
$50,000 directly from firms located outside the State of New
York. It is admitted, and I find that Respondent is engaged in
commerce within the meaning of Section 2(2), (6), and (7), of
the Act.
It is also admitted, and I find that the Union is a labor or-
ganization within the meaning of 2(5) of the Act.
Respondents facility is a 3-story building, including a func-
tional basement, totaling about 100,000 square feet. The base-
ment is primarily used for storage. The first floor houses the
production departments, maintenance and sanitation depart-
ments, drivers room and loading bays, and the retail store,
which is separated by walls from the production area. Respon-
dent’s offices are located on the second floor.
Rocky Cassone is an owner and president of Respondent.
His sister, Marylou Cassone is the other owner and vice presi-
dent. Directly under the Cassones’, is David Locke, the general
manager. Directly under Locke is Tony Sena, Locke’s assis-
tant, and the night operations supervisor. Respondent operates
its production facility on a 24-hour-per-day basis. Respondent
contends that its remaining compliment of supervisors prior to
the Board election on December 21, l999 were Michael Nagy
(engineering), Bill Cranisky (sanitation), Moises Contreras (day
packing and ovens), Tony Vanegas (night ovens and packing),
and Abey Abraham (night oven and packing). These supervi-
sors report directly to Locke and Sena. It is admitted by Re-
spondent, and I find that all of the above-named individuals are
supervisors within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Act.
The Status of Respondent’s Leadman
General Counsel contends that Aurelio Viegas, Guillermo
Serra, Jon Cassone, and José Lemus are also supervisors, and
agents, within the meaning of the Act. Respondent contends
they are leadmen.
Respondent employs a number of leadmen who are in charge
of various production lines. Each line consists of about 7 to 10
employees. The leadmen perform considerable manual labor
along with the production employees. However, leadmen are
paid considerably more in salary than the production employ-
ees. Leadmen are salaried employees, whereas production
employees are hourly paid. For example, Serra was paid a
salary of $860, and Viegas $885. While Jon Cassone was an
hourly paid leadman, his hourly rate was $10.30 per hour, far
more then the average production employee who received
$6.60 per hour. In addition, the leadman received bonuses. In
l999, Cassone received $500, Serra $800, and Viegas $400.
Production employees receive no bonuses.
Leadmen are easily distinguishable from the production em-
ployees. They wear light green shirts and dark green pants, in
contrast to production employees who wear all white uniforms.
The leadmen receive daily instructions from management as
to what orders must be filled that day. The leadmen then assign
the production employees under them what work has to be
performed. The leadman is responsible to insure that the work
is done properly and the orders are filled. Leadmen also exer-
cise authority to transfer employees from one line to another in
order to make their production more efficient.
While leadmen perform line work with the production em-
ployees, they also perform considerable paper work in an office
shared by Respondent’s admitted supervisors.
The evidence establishes that the production employees con-
sider the leadmen to be their immediate supervisor. With re-
spect to Viegas, on October 27, l999, he issued a written warn-
ing to employee Cesar Calderon for speaking to other employ-
ees while he should have been working. On November 9,
Abraham, an admitted supervisor was fired. Viegas began to
take over his responsibilities. A few days after Viegas began
taking over for Abraham, Calderon credibly testified that he
told Viegas that he heard that he (Viegas) was taking over for
Abraham and Viegas replied: “ Well, yes. They told me to do
his job.” While it is true that Viegas received some training
concerning his administrative responsibilities, Viegas admits
that he took over all other supervisory responsibilities as of
November 9. In January 2000, Viegas granted time off to em-
ployee Roberto Lostanau for his daughters communion.
With respect to Serra, on January 10, 2000, he issued a writ-
J.J. CASSONE BAKERY 1307
ten warning to employee Lorenzo Macua about poor job per-
formance warning him that if he did not do his job properly in
the future, he would receive a 3-day suspension. Although the
warning letter was signed by Marylou Cassone, the letter stated
that Macua must obey orders from Serra.
With respect to Jon Cassone, he is a first cousin to Rocky
and Marylou Cassone. The record is replete with testimony by
employees and other supervisors that they considered Jon Cas-
sone to be a supervisor. For example, William Bierman who
was employed by Respondent as a driver for the past 6 years
testified that sometime in October l999, during the beginning of
the Union’s organizing campaign, Cesar Calderon solicited him
to sign a union card. He took the card and thereafter turned it
over to Jon Cassone. When questioned why he would turn the
card over to Cassone, he responded: “Because he was the su-
pervisor at the time downstairs.” In addition on several occa-
sions in early l999, Cassone gave permission to employee
Roberto Lostranau to arrive late on a consistent basis so that he
could keep medical appointments. He also set the work hours
of employee Antonio Castaneda.1
I need not decide whether the above leadmen are supervi-
sors, because I conclude that they are clearly, without any
doubt, agents of Respondent within the meaning of Section
2(13) of the Act.
The Board applies common-law principles when deciding
whether an employee is an agent of an employer. Apparent
authority results from a manifestation by the principal to a third
party that creates a reasonable basis to believe that the principle
has authorized the alleged agent to perform the alleged acts in
question. Southern Bag Corp., 315 NLRB 725 (1994); See
generally Dentch Corp., 294 NLRB 924 (l989); Service Em-
ployees Local 87 (West Bay), 291 NLRB 82 (1988). The test is
whether under all the circumstances, employees “would rea-
sonably believe that the alleged agent was reflecting company
policy and speaking and acting for management.” Debar Elec-
tric, 313 NLRB 1094, 1095 (1994); Waterbed World, 286
NLRB 425 (l987); the Board has held that agency status can be
established where a leadman transmits employee directives and
is the person among employees who regularly contacts man-
agement, or if, as in the instant case the employer makes it clear
to employees that the leadmen are the eyes of management.
Injected Rubber Products, 258 NLRB 687 (1981).
I conclude that the factors described above, and below,
would reasonably lead Respondent’s employees to believe that
Respondent’s leadmen were reflecting Respondent’s policies
and speaking and acting on behalf of management.
As set forth above, Respondent has distinguished them from
rank-and-file employees by having them wear different colored
uniforms from rank-and-file employees. Employee Macua
testified that he believed Viegas and Jon Cassone to be a “boss”

1 With respect to the factual discussion in this decision concerning
the duties and authority of the leadmen, where there was contradictory
testimony between General Counsel’s witnesses and Respondent’s
witnesses, I credit General Counsel’s witnesses. General Counsel’s
witness testified in detail, and their direct testimony was consistent with
cross-examination. Additionally, I was more impressed with their
demeanor they appeared to me to be more forthright and less evasive
then Respondent’s witnesses.
because they wore different uniforms. They are salaried em-
ployees, earning significantly more money than rank-and-file
employees.2 They also receive an annual bonus unlike rank-
and-file employees. Significantly, they do not spend their en-
tire worktime on the production lines, but perform paper work
in a separate room that they share with admitted Section 2(11)
supervisors. This, in and of itself would lead employees to
consider the leadmen as supervisors.
There is other evidence that establishes that the employees
considered the leadmen to be supervisors. With respect to Jon
Cassone: he is a first cousin to Rocky and Marylou Cassone.
Employee Bierman testified that he turned over a union card
given to him by Calderon over to Jon Cassone because he con-
sidered him to be a supervisor, and later testified that when Jon
Cassone asked him to get another card, but in English, rather
than Spanish, he did so because Jon Cassone was a “manager.”
Further, Marylou Cassone informed the employees in writing
that they were acting on behalf of management. This is estab-
lished by her letter dated January 11, 2000, during the Union’s
campaign, to employee Flores stating that if he failed to obey
the instructions of leadman Serra, he would be suspended. It is
also obvious that Marylou Cassone considered the leadmen as
Respondent’s agents as well.
The leadmen exercised other authority over employees that
would reasonably lead them to conclude that they were acting
on behalf of management. In this connection Jon Cassone ex-
ercised his authority to allow employees to come in late without
consulting with higher management. For example, employee
Lostanau obtained permission from Cassone to come in 15
minutes late for his periodic doctors appointments. Lostanau
also received similar permission from Viegas to take time off
in order to attend his daughter’s communion. Significantly,
Viegas issued a written warning to Calderon concerning his
talking to other employees during working hours. This warning
letter was dated October 27, l999, several weeks before he be-
gan assuming the duties of Abraham, an admitted Section 2(11)
supervisor. Leadman Serra admitted giving employee Rosa
Macua permission to leave when she complained that she was
feeling ill.
Jon Cassone and Viegas also exercised authority to assign
employees weekend overtime without consulting management.
On weekends they each instructed employee Antonio Casta-
neda that he had to work overtime because they needed help on
the ovens and on occasions Viegas told Lostanau he had to
work overtime.
The evidence establishes that Respondent’s leadmen exer-
cised authority to transfer employees from packing lines to the
ovens and vice versa whenever necessary. Macua credibly
testified that in July of 1999, he observed Jon Cassone and
Viegas transfer various employees in this manner. Calderon
credibly testified that Viegas, even before he began assuming
Abraham’s duties on November 9, would frequently transfer
him from his regular oven position to packing. As set forth
above, Veigas began assuming Abraham’s duties after Novem-
ber 9. Employee, Cabrilio Flores, credibly testified that lead-

2 Jon Cassone is an hourly paid employee, but he earns significantly
more money than the rank-and-file employees.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD1308
man Serra transferred him from his regular oven position to
work in packing about three times a week.
Respondent’s assistant general manager and night manager
testified that he relied on leadmen to move employees to differ-
ent jobs to keep their production lines working to full capacity,
to decide on their own to drop a line, to send sick employees
home, and to replace employees who leave early.
Counsel for General Counsel argues that these leadmen are
supervisors within the meaning of the Act. I feel that it is a
close issue, which I need not decide because I conclude that
based upon the facts described above, there is no doubt that by
their different dress, their higher salaries, their responsibilities
and authorities every employee would reasonably and does
consider them to be supervisors, acting on behalf of Respon-
dent. Accordingly I conclude that they are at the very least,
agents, within the meaning of Section 2(13) of the Act, acting
on Respondent’s behalf.
The Union Campaign—Respondent’s Knowledge
Since l978, the Union has made five attempts to organize
Respondents employees without success. In l988, based upon
charges filed against Respondent by the Union, the Board is-
sued a decision concluding that during the course of the Un-
ion’s campaign, Respondent had unlawfully discharged two
employees. J.J. Cassone Bakery, Inc., 288 NLRB 406 (l988).
On or about September l999, the Union commenced another
campaign to organize Respondents employees. Cesar
Calderon, a paid union organizer, became employed by Re-
spondent and immediately began explaining the benefits of the
Union and encouraging the employees to sign union cards
which he and other employees began distributing to employees
of Respondent. In early September Calderon formed a commit-
tee of interested employees to lead this organizing drive. The
committee consisted of 18 bakery employees.
Respondent became aware of this union activity as soon as it
started, probably through employees with management views.
In response to such information, Respondent sent a letter to all
employees dated September 8, l999 which stated:
Its that time of the Year again, for almost twenty years the
Bakery Workers union has tried to organize J.J. Cassone—
and failed. . . .
The letter goes on to inform employees that the Union will
try to get them to sign union cards and explains their rights with
respect to these cards.
On September 15, Respondent sent its employees another
letter explaining “tricks” the Union uses to get employees to
sign union cards.
On or about December 18, the Union mailed a pamphlet to
all Respondents employees which contained inter alia, the
names of the employees on the negotiating committee. Several
days later Marylou Cassone displayed a copy of that letter at a
meeting with Respondent’s employee.
Rocky Cassone admits that as soon as the organizing cam-
paign began in September, he was aware of the main union
adherents, that is those employees who were actively engaging
in organization activities on behalf of the Union like speaking
to employees about the advantages of the Union, distributing,
and soliciting employees to sign union cards, passing out flyers
and attending union meetings. Rocky Cassone further admits
that he knew the names of those employees on the organizing
committee even before obtaining a copy of the Union’s De-
cember 15 letter which set forth their names. Indeed, Rocky
Cassone actively sought to obtain such names. This is evi-
denced by the incident in October between Calderon, employee
Bierman, and Jon Cassone, described above, where Bierman
gave Jon Cassone the union card given him by Calderon be-
cause he believed that Jon Cassone was the “manager.” Jon
Cassone then turned over the union card to Rocky Cassone who
instructed Jon Cassone to tell Bierman to get him a card in
English.
The 8(a)(1) Conduct
As set forth above, I have credited all union witnesses based
upon their detailed testimony which was consistent on both
direct and cross-examination and my favorable impression of
their demeanor. Additional reasons for such credibility resolu-
tions are set forth below in my discussion of Respondent’s
discriminatory discharges. Therefore, based upon the credible
testimony of General Counsel’s witnesses, I conclude Respon-
dent violated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act by engaging in the fol-
lowing conduct.
Employers that are so inclined have at their disposal numer-
ous means of communicating to their employees that support-
ing a union is a risky endeavor. They can threaten a loss of
employment or negative changes in terms of employment or let
employees know they are being watched, or that it is futile to
support a union because nothing will change. Each of these
forms of communication are expressly intended to discourage
employees from exercising their statutory rights under Section
7 of the Act, and various statements and conduct by employers
constitute a forbidden and unlawful expression of antiunion
animus towards employees intended to rob them of their right
to freely engage in protected conduct in violation of Section
8(a)(1) of the Act. Climatrol, Inc., 329 NLRB 946 (1999)
[threats of loss of benefits, interrogations, threats of loss of
jobs], MZ Movers, Inc., 330 NLRB 309 (1999) (creating im-
pression of surveillance, threats of discharge, interrogation);
Overnite Transportation Co., 333 NLRB 1392 (2001) (expres-
sions of futility, threats of a loss of pension benefits); Indio
Grocery Outlet, 323 NLRB 1138 (1997) [threatening to have
union representatives arrested by calling the police]; Desert
Pines Golf Club, 334 NLRB 265 (2001) (creating impression of
surveillance).
Unlawful Conduct by Aurelio Viegas
Calderon credibly testified that within 6 days of the Union’s
petition being filed, on November 2, 1999, Viegas approached
at least three employees in the lunchroom and threatened that if
the Union won the election, the employees would experience a
significant reduction in hours. The practice in the bakery is for
employees to work 60–70 hours a week, so when Viegas stated
that the Union would insist on 40 hours/week, I conclude this
represented a threatened loss of a huge reduction in weekly
income. Viegas’s credibility with respect to this incident is
evidenced when he was asked by Respondent’s counsel “how
he answered the employees’ question” about the benefits of-
J.J. CASSONE BAKERY 1309
fered by the Union. Viegas’ answer dealt exclusively with
benefits offered by Respondent. He relayed Respondent’s
benefits in detail, yet could not recall anything about how he
answered the question of what security the Union would pro-
vide. This testimony is in sharp contrast to Calderon’s detailed
and credible description of the incident. I find the threat to
reduce working hours in violation of Section 8(a)(1).
In another incident of February 4, 2000, Viegas, himself, en-
gaged in an actual denial of an admitted benefit when he pre-
vented Cabrilio Flores from taking some loaves of bread home.
Respondent’s witnesses admit that this was an accepted prac-
tice and that bread was actually set aside for this purpose.
When Flores was forced to return the bread, while at the same
time being told to get his union friends to buy him bread, I
conclude Viegas denied him an employment benefit for unlaw-
ful reasons, and in violation of Section 8(a)(1).
Unlawful Conduct by Guillermo Serra
Calderon credibly testified that Serra began uttering his anti-
union statements at the same time as Viegas. During the No-
vember 8 conversation with Viegas and the employees, de-
scribed above, Serra threatened employees with discharge by
stating that the Union would demand to see green cards and
legal documents if it won the election. I find such threat was
especially venomous as it appealed to the inherent insecurity of
undocumented persons. Once again, Calderon gave a forthright
and detailed account of the statement, recalling who was pre-
sent, where and when it was uttered. Flores’ account of Serra’s
threats of benefit loss and discharge, and Macua’s account of
Serra’s interrogation are similarly detailed.
By contrast, Serra’s testimony from the beginning was beset
with contradictions. When asked about his conversations with
employees, he first says he was neither against nor in favor of
the Union, but in his next breath he compared the Union to
syndicates that “lied to all of us.” “When they took power, they
took all the benefits that they had promised were all taken away
from us.” His next answer, in response to what he said about
pensions, is vague and unclear. Serra’s credibility is further
diminished by his excessively emphatic responses to inquiries
about whether he ever discussed issues like green cards with
employees: “It has been 30 years and I’ve never spoken to any-
one about green cards.” This is juxtaposed with his apparent
lack of recollection as to the identity of Cesar Calderon, a man
with whom he worked closely, and about whom he testified:
“Who is the man?” I conclude the above conduct violates Sec-
tion 8(a)(1).
Unlawful Conduct by Jon Cassone
On around November 7, in the lunchroom, employees Jose
Mario Castro credibly testified he was on his break at around
12:30 to 1 p.m. While in the lunchroom, Jon Cassone came in
and began saying in a loud voice that the Union wouldn’t help
the employees, and that no one should believe in the Union
movement, nor in Cesar Calderon. Cassone asked if Castro
liked the Union and Castro complained about the low salaries
and the low raise they received recently. Cassone responded
that the employees were going to lose their pension plan.
I find such statement to be a violation of Section 8(a)(1).
Calderon credibly testified that on November 10, at around
4:30 p.m., as he was counting bread, he was approached by Jon
Cassone who told him “well, you know what? Abey is fired.
(Abraham, a Respondent supervisor.) Just back off of the idea
of bringing a union in here. All right?”. Calderon explained
that there was going to be a union election and Cassone re-
sponded, “you keep pushing for this, you’re fucking up with
my family and you’re fucking with me; so you’re going to see
what’s going to happen to you.”
I find such statement to be threat of unspecified reprisals in
violation of Section 8(a)(1).
On November 11, employee Roberto Lostanau credibly testi-
fied that he was leaving the restroom. Jon Cassone told him,
“you, Peruvian, you’re a Union.” Lostanau responded that yes,
he supported the Union. Jon Cassone then said that if he voted
for the union and the union came in “we know you have a wife
and three daughters and that your wife is not working. If the
union comes in, you’re going to be out and you wife is going to
have to work; we know how to silence those that are in the
Union; we know how to silence you.”
I find this to be a threat of discharge in violation of Section
8(a)(1).
Calderon credibly testified that on around November 12, he
was notified of his discharge while in the lunchroom.3 Follow-
ing this, he, accompanied by Adan Aguilar, an employee, Jon
Cassone, and David Locke, went to his locker in the basement
so it could be emptied out. After Calderon observed that it had
been broken into and there was nothing left of his personal
items, he proceeded to leave the facility. On his way out of the
door, Jon Cassone threatened in the presence of Locke and
Aguilar “just remember, try to bring the union in here; you’re
fucking with my family and you’re fucking with me, and you’re
going to see what’s going to happen to you again.” Since such
statement was made in the presence of Aguilar, I find it to con-
stitute a threat to discharge in violation of Section 8(a)(1).
On November 12, after the discharge of Calderon, Aguilar
credibly testified that while he was working on the ovens, Jon
Cassone came to him and said “you are also involved in the
Union and . . . the same thing that happened to Cesar Calderon
is . . . going to happen to you.” This statement is an advisor
reference to Calderon’s discharge. I find such statement to be a
threat of discharge in violation of Section 8(a)(1).
As set forth I found Jon Cassone is not a credible witness. In
fact, I find him to be totally incredible. For example, when
testifying as to his authority as a leadman over the employees
on his line when the production supervisor is not in the shop he
testified:
A: We [the line employees] all take the responsibility
as a team when he’s not there.
Q: And as lead man, aren’t you the leader of that
team?
A: Lead man, yes. Not only me.
JUDGE EDELMAN: Are you the lead man on that team?
MR. CASSONE: On that one packing?
JUDGE EDELMAN: Yes.
MR. CASSONE: Yes.

3 Calderon’s discharge is discussed in detail below.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD1310
JUDGE EDELMAN: Well, would your position be some-
what higher in authority than the other individuals on that
team as a lead man?
MR. CASSONE: You mean higher?
JUDGE EDELMAN: Higher authority.
MR. CASSONE: Well, Roberto and Jose [other line em-
ployees] I ask them and they tell them what to do.
JUDGE EDELMAN: As a lead man, would your position
not be higher than the other employees on that machine on
that team?
MR. CASSONE: I don’t know.
JUDGE EDELMAN: You don’t know?
MR. CASSONE: No. We all work together.
JUDGE EDELMAN: But you’re the lead man. You must
have some responsibility as the lead man. You were se-
lected as the lead man. What is your responsibility over
the other employees, if any?
MR. CASSONE: Just working with them in packing the
bread.
I find such testimony on a major issue in this case is
not only incredible, it’s laughable.
Another example of similar testimony is when asked
why he wanted to find out whether Calderon was a “Union
person”, or a “organizer” he testified:
JUDGE EDELMAN: Why did you have to find that out?
MR. CASSONE: Because I work there and benefits I
get, and a lot of other worker get are really happy with.
JUDGE EDELMAN: Why was it necessary, you were
getting these benefits, why was it necessary to find out
whether Mr. Calderon was supporting the union or not.
MR. CASSONE: At the time I was working there this
was the first time a union organization ever started when I
was there working, I never been through it before.
JUDGE EDELMAN: Well, why was it necessary to find
out whether Mr. Calderon was part of the union or a union
supporter?
MR. CASSONE: Because a lot of people said so, and I
wanted to as[k] him myself.
JUDGE EDELMAN: And, why did you want to ask him?
MR. CASSONE: To see what if he really was or not, or
to find out for myself.
JUDGE EDELMAN: Why was it necessary for you to
find out for yourself?
MR. CASSONE: I could have thought of going to the
union also.
JUDGE EDELMAN: You could have thought about going
to the union also?
MR. CASSONE: Yes.
Not only was he evasive, but I found this testimony in-
credible, unbelievable and laughable.
Unlawful Conduct by Abey Abraham
Salvador Concepcion credibly testified that, shortly after he
handed a union card to employee Concepcion Herrera, he was
approached by Supervisor Abraham who told him “look what
you are doing is not right. I am the supervisor and everyone
who is involved in anything like that, I’m going to have to
fire.” Abraham testified that he was aware of the Union’s or-
ganizing campaign as early as September. Yet he claims not to
have known by early November that Concepcion, an employee
he supervised, and who had distributed four union cards, was
involved with the Union. In light of Respondent’s general sur-
veillance of union activities within its facility, it is not plausible
that Abraham would not have overheard Concepcion speaking
about the Union. Therefore, I find his denial of having threat-
ened Concepcion with discharge is not credible. I conclude
such statement was a threat of discharge in violation of Section
8(a)(1).
Unlawful Conduct by Marylou Cassone
During the course of Respondent’s antiunion campaign
Marylou and Rocky Cassone organized employee meetings
where they could speak directly to the issues. Referring to two
of these meetings, employee Roberto Lostanau credibly testi-
fied to the creation of a loan program and employee Jose Mario
Castro credibly testified that Marylou Cassone stated that Re-
spondent knew that many employees had signed union cards. I
conclude such conduct creates the impression of surveillance in
violation of Section 8(a)(1) of the Act. Marylou Cassone ad-
mits that there is a loan program for employees who have an
emergency, but claims that it has been in operation for years,
While Respondent offered exhibits to demonstrate that loans
had been given out to employees before the most recent orga-
nizing campaign began, what the exhibits demonstrate is simply
that 12 employees asked for loans and were granted them. No
formal documents were produced to demonstrate that there was
a formal loan program and what the terms of that program
were. Respondent may have offered those loans to a few of its
employees without announcing to the employees in general that
there was a loan program. This would explain why Lostanau
was hearing of the program for the first time when Marylou
Cassone made a formal announcement about it at one of the
employee meetings. Marylou Cassone made no mention of
having announced the existence of the program prior to the
organizing campaign and, therefore, her general announcement
to the assembled employees was, for Lostanau, if not many
other employees, announcing a new benefit. I conclude such
conduct violated Section 8(a)(1).
Unlawful Conduct by Rocky Cassone
On November 11, Rocky Cassone admits that he called Ce-
sar Calderon into his office and interrogated him about whether
he was passing out union cards at work. Respondent’s attorney
contends Rocky Cassone was conducting an investigation into a
violation of its “No Solicitation” policy, it is clear from the
abundant examples of coercive statements made by its leadmen
agents that his intent at this point was to establish a basis for
Calderon’s subsequent discharge and, as a result of this interro-
gation, Respondent obtained the information it needed to sup-
port the pretextual reason for discharge. In view of my finding
that Calderon was later discriminatorily discharged, I conclude
such interrogation violated Section 8(a)(1) and (3).
In early December, after his discharge, Calderon credibly
testified to appearing in front of the bakery on the sidewalk
with a guitar and singing labor songs in Spanish. On one such
occasion, he was approached by Rocky and Jon Cassone. Min-
utes after an exchange of heated words, three police cars ap-
J.J. CASSONE BAKERY 1311
peared and Calderon was questioned intently about his car in-
surance and he was told that Respondent was accusing him of
trespassing. The timing of the incident, shortly after Calderon’s
discharge allows for a strong inference to be drawn that Rocky
Cassone contacted the police with the intent of having him
arrested. I find such conduct to constitute harassment in viola-
tion of Section 8(a)(1).
The Unlawful Discharges
Under the Board’s decision in Wright Line, 251 NLRB 1083
(1980), approved by the Supreme Court in NLRB v. Transpor-
tation Management Corp., 462 U.S. 393 (1983), General
Counsel must make a prima facie showing of sufficient evi-
dence to support the inference that protected conduct was a
motivating factor in the employer’s decision to terminate, sus-
pend, or otherwise discipline an employee. Once this is estab-
lished the burden then shifts to the employer to demonstrate
that the same action would have been taken even in the absence
of protected conduct. The question, then, is not whether the
employer could have taken the adverse action, but whether it
would have done so in the absence of the discriminatee’s union
activities. Standard Sheet Metal, Inc., 326 NLRB 411 (1998).
Thus, Respondent must persuade by a preponderance of the
credible evidence that it would have taken the actions described
herein in the absence of each discriminatee’s protected activi-
ties in support of the Union. T&J Trucking, Co., 316 NLRB
771 (1995). Further, the status of union organizers who are
hired as employees is no different than other employees; they
receive the same protection under the Act. Town and Country
Electric, Inc., 309 NLRB 1250 (1992).
As soon as the union organizing campaign began in Septem-
ber, Respondent knew the identity of the main union adherents.
As Rocky Cassone testified, “I knew in early September that
Cesar Calderon and Adan Aguilar were leading the organizing
drive.” The 8(a)(1) violations described above establish that
Respondent wasted no time plotting to crush the nascent cam-
paign and began, in early September, to inundate the employees
with its own campaign letters. Respondent’s earliest campaign
letter is dated September 8 and, in its second letter of Septem-
ber 15, Rocky and Marylou Cassone began; “since we last
wrote you, we understand that the union salesmen have been
busy trying to get you to sign cards.”
At least by December 15, or a few days before, as Rocky
Cassone testified, Respondent was aware that all of the alleged
discriminates were leaders of the union campaign. Each dis-
criminate is listed in the letter which Rocky Cassone obtained,
as a member of the Union’s organizing committee. Rocky
Cassone admits he knew of the committee “at least a couple of
days before the letter came out,” and probably even before.
This is a clear inference that employees or supervisors were
reporting to him about union activities within the bakery and
who were the leaders among its employees. This is demon-
strated by the incident involving Calderon and Bierman, where,
according to Bierman, Jon Cassone acted as an intermediary
passing along the union cards from Bierman to Rocky Cassone
and even returning with instructions for Bierman to get cards in
English.
In addition to Calderon and Aguilar, several alleged dis-
criminatees engaged in their own union activities. Flores dis-
tributed flyers for at least 2 days in November on the sidewalk
in front of the bakery. Lostanau was vocal at Respondent’s
campaign meetings and specifically questioned Marylou Cas-
sone as to why she was afraid of the Union. Salvador Concep-
cion distributed four union cards and often spoke about the
Union in the lunchroom. On one occasion, he recalls a man-
ager named David, probably David Locke, walking into the
lunchroom when he was speaking to a fellow employee about
the Union. Jose Mario Castro served as the Union’s observer
during the December 21 election. Lorenzo Macua participated
in the organizing drive by distributing 18 cards to employees. I
find that Respondent was aware of all of this activity by being
informed by supervisors, leadmen, and antiunion employees.
Each of the above-described activities in support of the Un-
ion preceded Respondent’s commission of unfair labor prac-
tices against the individual discriminates. Respondent knew
and had possession of the December 15 letter prior to the unfair
labor practices committed against each discriminatee except for
Calderon, Aguilar, and Concepcion. However, Rocky Cassone
admitted to knowing of Calderon and Aguilar’s union activities
as soon as early September. Of the 18 names on the December
15 letter setting forth the names of the employees on the Un-
ion’s organizing committee, Respondent knew that Marcelino
Cortez and Ricardo Espinosa no longer supported the Union.
Of the remaining committee members, almost 45 percent were
disciplined by Respondent either before or after the election by
being discharged or suspended.
Thus, knowledge of the alleged discriminatees’ union activi-
ties has been established before the alleged discrimination, the
timing of the alleged discrimination is coextensive with Re-
spondent’s intense and systematic 8(a)(1) activity. The knowl-
edge, animus, and timing are above sufficient to establish Gen-
eral Counsel’s Wright Line burden. However, General Coun-
sel’s prima facie case becomes extremely strong when one
considers the fact of the 18 names on the December 15 union
committee letter, described above, Respondent also knew that
Marcelino Cortez and Ricardo Espinosa no longer supported
the Union. Of the remaining committee members, almost 45
percent were discharged and or otherwise disciplined during the
union campaign.
The Board, supported by the Courts, has long held that
where alleged discrimination includes disproportionate num-
bers of union adherents, this constitutes persuasive evidence of
discrimination. Huck Store Fixture Co., 334 NLRB 119
(2001); Glenn’s Trucking, 322 NLRB No. 87 (2000) (not in-
cluded in Board volumes); American Wise Products, 313
NLRB 989, 994 (1994); Power Inc. v. NLRB, 40 F.3d 409, 418
(D.C. Cir. 1994); Hedison Mfg. Co., 249 NLRB 791, 804
(1980); Camco Inc., 140 NLRB 361, 365 (1962), enfd. in perti-
nent part 349 F.2d 803, 810 (5th Cir. 1965); NLRB v. Nabors,
196 F.2d 272, 375–376 (5th Cir. 1952); NLRB v. Chicago Steel
Foundry, 142 F.2d 306, 308 (7th Cir. 1949).
As the D.C. Circuit phrased the issue in Chicago Steel, su-
pra, “To be sure, percentage evidence; standing alone will not
support or sustain an order based on Section 8(3) of the Act . . .
But the disproportionate treatment of union or nonunion work-
ers may be very persuasive evidence of discrimination . . . and
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD1312
may create an inference of discrimination leaving it to the em-
ployer to give an adequate explanation of the discharge or lay-
off.” Id. at 308.
Thus, Respondent faces a huge Wright Line burden to over-
come General Counsel’s very strong prima facie case.
The Supervision of Cesar Calderon
Respondent admits that by early September it knew that
Calderon was leading the Union’s organizing drive. Respon-
dent’s animus towards the Union, its actions towards Calderon
since September can only be viewed through the prism of a
determined antiunion animus. Indeed I conclude that Respon-
dents’ reasons for Calderon’s suspension and discharge are so
transparent as to contain not a shred of credibility.
On November 1, while at his oven, Calderon responded to a
commotion involving Salvador Concepcion and Abey Abra-
ham. It is undisputed that he left his oven area, along with
Adan Aguilar and Roberto Diaz who also responded to the
commotion. The credible testimony by the employees who
were actually in the oven area, namely Calderon and Aguilar,
establishes that, at the time they left the oven, the final board of
rolls was baking in the oven and the next type of bread to be
baked, postillin, was in the steam box. Respondent acknowl-
edges that, after Calderon left the oven, he acted in the Respon-
dent’s own interests in dealing with Concepcion in his alterca-
tion with Abraham, as described below. The only other action
Calderon took while away from his oven was to act as the
translator between Concepcion and the policemen, who were
called to the scene by Abraham. This was done at the request
of Concepcion who was being handcuffed and was unable to
communicate with the police, who did not speak Spanish.
When Calderon asked if he could act as translator one of the
policemen said that he could. In fact, Calderon testified, that
upon returning to the oven, Respondent Supervisor Viegas
thanked him for translating. It makes sense that Viegas would
thank him because Calderon’s conversation with the police
facilitated Concepcion’s removal from the facility. In fact, not
one Respondent witness suggested that Calderon was acting
against Respondent’s interests by either restraining Concepcion
or translating for the police. Respondent’s sole response to
Calderon’s 15-minute absence from the oven was a tenuous
claim that rolls were lost. Yet Calderon and Aguilar, two of
three individuals who actually worked the oven, credibly testi-
fied that no bread was lost. Indeed no bread could have been
lost because, when Calderon returned to the oven, the last board
of bread that he had put on the conveyor belt was still baking in
the oven. The postillin was still in the steam box, not ready for
baking, and, furthermore, it was Aguilar’s responsibility to
remove that bread from the steam box. Respondent’s witnesses
could not dispute these facts and, therefore, I conclude Respon-
dents assertion that dozens upon dozens of rolls were lost is
simply not supported by any evidence in the record. Moreover,
Respondent’s assertion that bread was lost is belied by the ad-
mitted fact that, of the three workers assigned to the oven, only
Calderon received discipline. Additionally, not one of Respon-
dent’s witnesses claimed to have told anyone working the ov-
ens at that time that any rolls or bread were lost. This, despite
the fact that it was the supervisor’s practice to so inform em-
ployees who caused bread to be lost. Moreover, no Respondent
witness claims to have told Calderon to return to the oven area.
In particular, Viegas admits to not having told Calderon to re-
turn to the ovens. Incredibly, Viegas testifies later on that he
did not tell Calderon to return to the ovens because he did not
have the authority to do so. This is the same person who, days
earlier, signed a written warning issued to Calderon as his su-
pervisor. The veracity of Viegas’ testimony is again severely
compromised by his testimony that Calderon was away from
the oven for 45 minutes when the warning and Locke says he
was gone for only 15 minutes. The inescapable conclusion is
that Calderon’s efforts to assist with a police investigation initi-
ated by Respondent, and to help calm an altercation between
Concepcion and Abraham gave Respondent the opportunity it
desperately sought to discipline Calderon and prepare the way
for his ultimate discharge. For this conduct Respondent sus-
pended Calderon for 3 days. I find such suspension violated
Section 8(a)(1) and (3).
The Discharge of Calderon
There is no dispute that during October 1999, Calderon
handed a union authorization card to Billy Bierman while he
was working at the oven. While this might arguably violate
Respondent’s broad no-solicitation/no-distribution rule, Re-
spondent contends that the sole reason for Calderon’s discharge
was that Calderon, as Rocky Cassone rather dramatically put it,
“was that Calderon . . . lied . . . blatantly lied.” Despite this
assertion, a close examination of Bierman’s testimony estab-
lishes the underlying entrapment that took place.
Bierman’s testimony establishes that he was under Respon-
dent’s directive to obtain an authorization card from Calderon.
After Bierman testified that he wanted noting to do with the
Union and that it was Calderon who offered the cards to him.
Bierman then states that, having received the cards from
Calderon in Spanish, he asked for them in English. Calderon
confirms that he only had cards in Spanish and that, after giving
those to Bierman, at Bierman’s request for cards, Bierman
asked for two cards in English. Critically, Bierman admits that
he asked for more than one card, which supports Calderon’s
testimony that Bierman intended to distribute a card to his
friend in the retail bakery. Yet, even on this point, Bierman’s
testimony shifts from admitting that he requested a card for
Laurie in the bakery to saying that he asked for a card in Eng-
lish because Jon Cassone wanted one. Bierman’s testimony
makes clear that the card was not intended for Jon Cassone’s
personal use. When questioned as to whether Jon Cassone
asked him to get a card in English, the response was, “well, the
conversation went that way, that we [emphases added] need one
in English.” Bierman later admitted that the only reason he
asked for a card in English was to give it to Respondent, Rocky
Cassone, and “let them deal with it.”
Even without receiving a card in English, Respondent dealt
with it. Within a day of Bierman receiving cards from
Calderon, he was approached by Marylou Cassone who knew
all about his having received cards from Calderon. Bierman
was called into a meeting with Rocky and Marylou Cassone
and was immediately told to sign a deposition to be used
against Calderon. Knowing that Calderon would deny distrib-
J.J. CASSONE BAKERY 1313
uting cards during working hours, Rocky Cassone questioned
Calderon solely to obtain his denial and hence, his pretextual
reason for his termination.
Moreover, the record further establishes that Respondent had
an established practice of not enforcing its “No Solicitation”
rule by permitting outside vendors and employees to sell items
inside the bakery. Numerous witnesses testified that employees
took collections for money to assist other employees in need.
Employees would sell candy on behalf of their children, a Chi-
nese man sold his wares in the lunchroom every week from as
early as 1993 and as recently as April 2000, Abraham sold
raffles for his church during working hours, Jon Cassone sold
shoes on various occasions inside the bakery. Despite Respon-
dent’s assertion that it took steps to prohibit this activity, the
overwhelming evidence is that it was tolerated for years within
the bakery. Inconsistent application of a no-solicitation rule
violates Section 8(a)(1). Harris-Teeter Super Markets, 307
NLRB 1075, 1086 (1992).
I thus find Respondent has failed to meet its Wright Line
burden, and that Calderon was discharged in violation of Sec-
tion 8(a)(1) and (3).
The Suspension of Adam Aguilar
On the day of Calderon’s discharge, Aguilar found himself
in the lunchroom just when Calderon was handed his termina-
tion letter and told to get his belongings and leave the facility.
Calderon asked Aguilar to accompany him to the lockers in
order to serve as a witness, since he was unsure of what might
transpire given Jon Cassone’s presence. Though Aguilar and
Calderon do not share a locker, it is Locke’s, Respondent’s
general manager’s testimony, that Aguilar told him they did,
and that this was why he was accompanying Calderon to the
basement locker room. Throughout the whole of Locke’s de-
scription of what transpired, Aguilar is not alleged to have said
or done anything else. In fact, Locke testified that after
Calderon left the locker room and facility, “Mr. Aguilar went
back to work.” Nevertheless, for his troubles in simply accom-
panying Calderon to his locker, Aguilar received not just a
suspension, but a suspension of indefinite duration. Why?
Locke claims that Aguilar told him that he and Calderon shared
a locker in the basement. Yet, in the same general area where
Locke was handing Calderon the termination letter, Aguilar
was at his locker, taking his jacket off and preparing for work.
In describing how upset he was after what had happened, Locke
testified that he immediately went to Marylou Cassone and told
her what had just transpired: that in his opinion, they did not
share a locker and that Calderon did not have a locker down-
stairs. That was the worst Locke conjure up until Respondent’s
counsel offered the leading question “and Aguilar was not tell-
ing you the truth when he said they shared a locker?” I agree
with General Counsel’s argument in his brief that if Respon-
dent’s general manager needs to be led to provide the answer
for why an employee received an indefinite suspension, it is
clear that the proffered reason is a pretext. Apparently unsure
whether the supposed “lie” would be sufficient, owner Marylou
Cassone offered up another reason for Aguilar’s suspension,
that is, “for taking up management’s time on a wild goose
chase.” Oddly, though, it was not Aguilar who Locke was
following, but rather Calderon, for it was the latter’s locker that
they were seeking. All Aguilar did was to follow Calderon to
his locker in the basement locker room. That this scenario
strains credulity is demonstrated by Marylou Cassone and
Lockes’ conflicting testimony. While Locke stated it was
Aguilar who said they shared a locker, Marylou Cassone testi-
fied that it was Calderon, and not Aguilar, who claimed they
shared a locker. I find such contradicting testimony adversely
effects both witnesses credibility. Even were the testimony of
Respondent’s witnesses to be accepted, it cannot even be said
that Aguilar lied, as they never did determine for sure where
Calderon’s locker was located. One might suppose this would
further remove Aguilar from Respondent’s wrath but, to the
contrary, so severe did Marylou Cassone consider Aguilar’s
imagined transgression that she claims she would have fired
him as a result of this incident, had not counsel advised other-
wise. It is clear to me that Respondent’s witnesses are ostensi-
bly overcompensating in inventing justifications for an ex-
tremely severe discipline where they had no legitimate reason
for imposing any discipline on Aguilar. Aguilar’s transgres-
sion, as is more than apparent, was to actively support Calderon
and the Union. I conclude that Respondent’s reason for the
indefinite suspension is already pretextual, and not merely suf-
ficient to establish its Wright Line burden. Thus I conclude that
Aguilar’s indefinite suspension was in violation of Section
8(a)(1) and (3).
The Discharge of Aguilar
On or about December 16, Rocky Cassone testified that an
employee, Marcelino Cortez, told him that during the evening
of December 14, he had met with Calderon and Aguilar to dis-
cuss his switch from a prounion employee to an antiunion em-
ployee and that during their conversation both Calderon and
Aguilar threatened him with physical harm if he did not remain
prounion. Although Aguilar was still an employee of Respon-
dent, although on indefinite suspension, Rocky Cassone did not
contact Aguilar or Calderon to get their version of the facts.
Rather, he took Cortez to the local police station where he
helped him to file a complaint.
On December 20, Aguilar, while in the vicinity of the bakery
and campaigning for the Union for the Board election to be
held on December 21, was handed a letter of discharge by Su-
pervisor Rafael Cardenas.
I need not decide whether such alleged threats to Cortez
were actually made since Rocky Cassone made no attempt to
interview either Aguilar or Calderon, but rather relied entirely
on Cortez’ complaint.4
The Board has repeatedly held in cases similar to this case,
that a factor to be considered in determining whether a dis-
charge is discriminatory is whether an employer conducts an
impartial interview with the employee accused of conduct re-
quiring some disciplinary measure, so as to give him an ade-
quate chance to defend himself. State Bank of India, 283
NLRB 266, 276 (1987), and cases cited therein.

4 During the course of the trial both Aguilar and Calderon denied
making any threats to Cortez. Aguilar testified that although unsuc-
cessful in persuading Cortez to support the Union, he agreed not to tell
anyone that he was leaving the union organizing committee.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD1314
When I consider that the discharge of Calderon and the in-
definite suspension of Aguilar were discriminatorily motivated;
that Rocky Cassone did not attempt to contact Aguilar or
Calderon to obtain their version of what took place in the van,
but instead hurried to the police station with Cortez, to file a
complaint against Aguilar and Calderon; that Aguilar was dis-
charged on December 20, the day before the Board election;
that both Aguilar and Calderon had been designated by the
Union as election observers; that notwithstanding a New York
State court order obtained by the Union providing that Respon-
dent permit both Aguilar and Calderon to enter Respondent’s
premises for the limited voting period, to act as observers, Re-
spondent defied such court order, refused to permit them on the
premises to act as election observers, using the police com-
plaint he had Cortez file as an excuse for such court defiance, I
conclude that Respondent has utterly failed to meet its Wright
Line burden, and I conclude the discharge of Aguilar was
clearly discriminatorily motivated, and a violation of Section
8(a)(1) and (3).5
The Suspension of Cabrillo Flores
Cabrilio Flores was a member of the organizing committee
and attended union meetings once a week. As an active mem-
ber of that committee and a leader of the organizing drive, Flo-
res personally distributed around 15 authorization cards.
In February 2000, Flores was working a 9–9:30 a.m. to 10
p.m. shift. On around February 4, 2000, Flores left work early,
at approximately 8:30 p.m. Flores credibly testified that he
picked up three free loaves of Italian bread, which was consis-
tent with what Flores would do at least two to three times in an
average week, without complaint by Respondent. This was
Respondent’s practice with respect to all employees. On Feb-
ruary 4, he left the oven area where is was very hot, and went
directly outside of the bakery and walked around to the front
where he entered the bakery again and picked up his usual three
free loaves of bread from the area where employees are permit-
ted to take bread. Just as soon as he took the bread and began
to leave for home, he was approached by Aureilo Viegas, who
at this time was an admitted supervisor. Viegas, upon seeing
him take the bread, told him that he could not take the bread
and that he was causing “problems.” Flores said there was no
problem and he would pay for the bread if he had to. Viegas
said he was causing too many “problems” and should ask the
Union to pay for his bread. Flores then left the bread on a
nearby table and went home. I specifically credit Flores’ testi-
mony about Viegas’ statement that he “should ask the Union to
pay for his bread.”
Three days later, while at work, Flores was handed a 3-day
suspension letter by Viegas. Viegas told Flores that David
Locke wanted to speak with him, so Flores went upstairs to
Locke’s office. Once there, Flores was told by Locke that he
was not supposed to take home three loaves of bread.
Respondent’s General Manager David Locke was unsure

5 The court order obtained by the Union permitting Calderon and
Aguilar to enter Respondent’s premises for the purpose of acting as
election observers and Respondent’s refusal to do so will be discussed
in further detail below concerning the Union’s objections to the elec-
tion.
whether Respondent’s bread policy had ever been put in writ-
ing, first answering no that it had not, and then yes, that it may
have been in a notice posted years before. When asked what
the policy was, Locke responded that employees could take a
dozen rolls or one loaf. Yet, Viegas testified it was two loaves
of bread, not one, and that it was a practice for employees to
take bread home every day, which Locke denied. I find such
inconsistent testimony reflects adversely upon their credibility.
Despite Viegas open acknowledgment that all employees, even
himself, take bread home daily, he questioned why Flores had
not asked permission before taking bread home, and in fact,
directly questioned Flores as to why he was leaving with bread.
Viegas’ incredibly testified that he saw Flores leave 3 hours
prior, at 6 p.m., and this justified his questioning of Flores.
Despite this hollow contention, Flores’ testimony that he left
early at around 8:30 p.m. is corroborated by Respondent’s
timesheets which establish that on February 4, the day of the
incident, Flores clocked out at 8:23 p.m. There was no earlier
clocking out at around 6 p.m. on that day. Clearly, Viegas’
testimony that Flores had left the bakery 3 hours prior was a
ruse to justify his improper questioning of Flores’ taking bread
that Viegas admits all employees were entitled to take, and to
set up a discriminatory suspension of an active union supporter.
Upon considering the above-credible testimony of Flores, the
inconsistent incredible and contradictory testimony of Locke
and Viegas, I conclude that Respondent has failed to meet its
Wright Line burden, and find the suspension was a violation of
Section 8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act.
The Discharge of Flores
On July 5, Flores was discharged. Flores credibly testified
that about 6 p.m., he and his coworker Oscar Bonilla were
working at the oven and, as it was very hot, Bonilla had turned
the fan which was on, so it faced them. They were baking rolls
at the time. The fan is only used for Italian garlic bread to dry
it out before it goes into the oven. The fan is not used for rolls.
Despite this, at around 6 p.m., Supervisor Tony Sena walked
through the oven area and seeing the fan turned on, started
cursing at Flores, calling him a “mother fucker,” an “idiot” and
saying that he had told him not to touch the fan. Sena spoke to
him in English. Flores understands very little English. Sena,
staring at Flores, then told him to get out. Flores immediately
left the bakery. He assumed he was terminated. Sena did not
yell at Bonilla, who was an antiunion employee. The next day
was not a workday for Flores. Two days after his assumed
termination Flores tried calling Marylou Cassone on the tele-
phone but was told she was not in. The following day, Flores
went to the office. Marylou Cassone was in but did not want to
speak with Flores and instructed David Locke to speak to him.
Marta, the secretary, translated. Locke asked why Flores had
left the job. Flores responded by saying Sena had told him to
get out and had insulted and cursed at him. At that point,
Locke called Gillermo Serra over the microphone and he came
to the office. When asked what had occurred, Serra responded
that he had been there and that Sena had not fired Flores.
Locke then told Flores that there was no more work for him.
J.J. CASSONE BAKERY 1315
Rather than try to clear up the situation that was clearly brought
about by a language problem, Locke told him there was no
more work for him. Respondent supplied no evidence of an
economic layoff. The refusal to let Flores continue with his job
does indeed reveal Respondent’s intent to eliminate one more
union supporter. In any event I conclude Respondent’s expla-
nation for refusing to permit Flores to return to work under the
circumstances described above, indicates a discriminatory mo-
tive. Respondent has clearly not met its Wright Line burden. I
conclude Flores was terminated in violation of Section 8(a)(1)
and (3).
The Discharge of José Mario Castro
As early as September 17, José Mario Castro joined the Un-
ion’s organizing committee. He also served as the Union’s
observer at the December 21 election.
On April 3, 2000, Castro credibly testified that he developed
a pain in his back and decided he was too ill to attempt going to
work. He made several attempts by telephone to contact Re-
spondent’s office, but no one answered. Unable to reach any-
one by telephone, Castro asked a neighbor of his, fellow em-
ployee Alejandro Ponce, to notify his supervisor, Bill Cranisky,
that he would not be at work. Ponce did this and relayed to
Castro Cranisky’s response that his excuse was accepted. Later
in the morning, Castro credibly testified, he was able to speak
to Cranisky by telephone and when he explained to Cranisky
why he would not be in, the response was “okay.”
The following morning, as Castro arrived at work and
punched his card at around 5 a.m. Castro credibly testified
Cranisky approached him, told him not to punch in and asked
him to meet in his office. Castro said he had already punched
in, to which Cranisky responded that he should not punch in
before changing into his work clothes. Castro responded that
many coworkers do the same thing. Once in Cranisky’s office,
Castro was handed a letter discharging him. Cranisky said he
should go home and should not be seen again at the bakery.
Castro then left.
Respondent asserts that Castro was fired for being late to
work and that he had the worst attendance record of all the
employees at the bakery. A review of the pertinent records
establishes that, while Castro did not have an enviable tardiness
record, it was by no means worse than other employees who
were not members of the organizing committee and who were
not terminated based upon their tardiness records.
A review of the attendance records for the period January 3,
2000 to April 3, 2000, indicates that Castro was tardy a total of
73 times. Seven other employees had equally bad or worse
tardiness records for that same period of time. They are Jesus
Gonzalez (78), Elvin Vasques (76), Mary Vanegas (78), Feliz
Salvador (80), Maria McMahon (73), V. Almeida (74), and
Gustavo Cardenas (88). Of these individuals, Felix Salvador
and Gustavo Cardenas worked in sanitation along with Castro,
and at least Cardenas, according to William Cranisky, is still
employed. However, Cranisky claims that the computer re-
cords upon which the above numbers are based are not accurate
to the extent that he may change the starting times of employ-
ees and not have that reflected on the printouts.6 Incredibly, he
suggests that he has no knowledge of the meanings of the nota-
tions on these documents, which he reviews each week. For
instance, Cranisky maintains that the “L” may not mean late-
ness, though he was unable to offer any other definition for it.
Cranisky is not claiming that such a situation would only apply
to Castro so it is a variable that applies equally to each of the
employees.
However, it is Castro’s singular protected activity of having
acted as the Union’s election observer that separates him from
all the other employees, except Calderon, in his open and un-
abashed support for the Union. Given the overwhelming evi-
dence establishing Respondent’s planned targeting of those
employees who supported the Union, the fact that Castro’s
tardiness record compares exactly with that of other employees
were not disciplined, I conclude Respondent acted when it had
an opening in order to rid itself of one more union adherent and
further dim the chances of any future organizing. In any event I
conclude that Respondent clearly failed to meet its Wright Line
burden. Accordingly, I find that Respondent terminated Castro
in violation of Section 8(a)(1) and (3).
The Discharge of Lorenzo Macua
Lorenzo Macua was a member of the Union’s organizing
committee. He distributed about 18 authorization cards to em-
ployees during the Union’s organizing campaign.
Macua suffered a work-related injury when he was struck
with a fork lift on or about September 15, 1999. He was still
experiencing periodic pain, although he was working.
On June 27, Macua was in this courtroom prepared to testify
on behalf of the General Counsel. On Friday, June 30, Macua
credibly testified that he went to the doctor because he was
experiencing a pain in his chest. His doctor’s appointment was
for 1 p.m. and, later that day, he went to work, arriving around
9 p.m. Macua handed Supervisor Tony Vanegas the paper
from the doctor which explained why he was late coming to
work and requested that he be given light work. While working
on his shift, the chest pain returned and, realizing that he could
not continue working, Macua told Vanegas that he was unable
to continue working. Vanegas said he had to keep working.
Macua repeated that he could not. Vanegas said if he wanted to
leave, the doors were open. Macua left and went home.
The next day, Saturday, July 1, Macua credibly testified that
he called the office and spoke to Marta, the secretary who
speaks Spanish. Macua told her that he could not go to work
that day as he was still in pain and could not lift one arm.
Marta told Macua that he had to bring a doctor’s note or else he
could not work. Macua repeated he could not work and she
hung up the phone. The bakery office was closed on Sunday,
July 2.
On Monday, July 3, Macua returned to the doctor’s office.
After the office visit, Macua credibly testified that he called
Respondent’s office and spoke with Marylou Cassone. Macua
told her that he was unable to go to work and that he had just

6 In fact Cranisky claims to have changed Salvador’s and Cardenas’
starting times to 5:30 and 7 a.m., respectively. Reviewing the records
in light of these starting times would mean minimal latenesses for Sal-
vador and Cardenas.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD1316
come from the doctor who told him he could not work as he
had a nerve injury. Marylou told him he had to bring a doctor’s
note.
On July 5, Macua again in pain went to his doctor. The doc-
tor provided him with a note stating that he was “totally dis-
abled and may not return to work until further notice.” After
his morning doctor’s appointment, Macua credibly testified that
he went to the facility and gave Marylou Cassone this doctor’s
note. Apparently questioning his injury, Marylou Cassone
grabbed the doctor’s note and threatened to call the doctor and
then told Macua that he had no more work with the bakery
anymore. I conclude her behavior is clearly one of an employer
who is intent on terminating an individual, despite his numer-
ous indications of having suffered a serious on-the-job injury,
corroborated by doctor’s notes, and of which Respondent was
well aware. Macua acknowledges that he was required to call
the office on those days when he was to be late, and in fact, he
credibly testified that this is what he did, leaving messages with
Marta on July 1, and speaking with Marylou on July 3. Re-
spondent claims that it had warned Macua on June 22 about not
notifying them that he was not showing up for work and that on
the next occasion that this occurred he would be fired. Never-
theless, taking Respondent’s claims at face value, Macua would
have been fired on June 30 for arriving to work late without
calling. Clearly, then, Respondent was not acting pursuant to
any earlier written warning but furthering its grand objectives
to prevent any future union organizing. Moreover, I conclude
that his appearance at this court on June 27, was an additional
reason for Marylou Cassone’s conduct.
Thus I conclude Respondent has failed to establish its Wright
Line burden. Moreover, since General Counsel also alleges
such conduct violated Section 8(a)(1) and (4) of the Act.
I further conclude, Respondent violated Section 8(a)(1), (3),
and (4) of the Act.
The Suspension of Roberto Lostanau
As early as September 20, 1999, Roberto Lostanau became a
member of the union organizing committee. Lostanau was
known to Respondent as someone who was vocal in speaking
out on issues he cared about. At an employee meeting held by
Respondent, Lostanau, in connection with the union campaign,
responded to a list Marylou Cassone made of all the benefits
the employees supposedly had, saying that if we had all of that,
why was she fearful of the Union coming in, and that he was
working 60 to 70 hours a week and only making $380 per
week.
Throughout his 5 years of employment with Respondent,
Lostanau would take occasional bathroom breaks without any
problem from Respondent. Though there were set breaks of 10
minutes every 3 hours, employees could go to the rest room as
long as a coworker was covering for them. On around March
24, after a coworker named Louis Castro returned from a bath-
room break, Lostanau in his turn took a bathroom break and
asked a coworker named Indio to cover his work station while
he went to the bathroom. Respondent’s own witness, Supervi-
sor Jose Lemus admits Lostanau had his work station covered.
Upon returning to his work station, Losatanau was confronted
by Abraham who told him the boss (David Locke) did not like
the fact that he took a break and told him to report to David
Lock’s office. Abraham told him that he could not do whatever
he pleased and that he should have asked permission to use the
restroom. Lostanau asked why he was taking it out on him and
not his coworker who had also gone to the restroom. Lostanau,
accompanied by Abraham, then went to Locke’s office. Upon
entering the office, Lostanau discerned that Locke was quite
upset. Locke began speaking in English which Lostanau did
not understand, so he raised his hands and said he did not un-
derstand what Locke was saying. Locke pointed towards the
door and angrily told Lostanau to get out. Abraham then told
Lostanau to hand in his timecard. Lostanau threw his card onto
the desk and left.
The following Monday, Lostanau returned to the office to
obtain his expected termination letter. Lostanau saw Locke in
the office and was told that he was not fired yet, that Locke was
upset at how Lostanau threw his card down. Lostanau was told
to return the next day as Locke needed more time to decide
whether or not Lostanau would be fired. Lostanau returned the
next day but no decision had been made. After 4 days of being
suspended, Lostanau was permitted to return to work. Respon-
dent, by David Locke, who was not a witness to Lostanau’s
break, implied that what Lostanau did during his break was to
sit down in the lunchroom. And the sole reason Locke claims
to believe Lostanau was in the cafeteria was because Jose Le-
mus reported to Locke that this is where Lemus saw him.
However Lemus’ testimony is inconsistent, and not credible.
Lemus first testified that he thought Lostanau was in the cafete-
ria, but in his next response, admits that he did not see him in
the cafeteria and denies telling Locke he was in the cafeteria.
Incredibly, Lemus thereafter admits that yes, “maybe he went
to the bathroom, I don’t know.” I conclude there is no credible
reason as to why Lostanau was called before Locke to justify
his having taken a bathroom break according to the admitted
practice of having a coworker cover your work station. No
reason, that is, other than Respondent’s determined efforts to
discipline those employees who supported the Union.
Significantly, Lemus, who acted as a translator at the meet-
ing admits the conversation quickly became heated. Critically,
he admits that Locke became angry and raised his voice first.
This directly supports Lostanau’s testimony and contradicts
Locke’s testimony. Lemus further admits that Lostanau was
trying to explain that he did not understand what Locke was
saying, when Locked fired Lostanau, telling him to punch out
and leave. Lostanau recalls being told to leave his card, but it is
clear that an employee cannot work without a card since it is
used to punch in. It was immediately after that statement that
Lostanau threw his timecard on the desk and left.
Respondent’s position is unsupported by any credible testi-
mony. Respondent contends Lostanau broke its policy con-
cerning breaks, yet it is clear that Lostanau’s action was consis-
tent with Respondent’s policy. Respondent’s disciplinary letter
dated March 29 refers to an unauthorized 15-minute break, yet
the record discloses no evidence that Lemus told Locke how
long he thought Lostanau’s break was. Locke also contends
that Lostanau became angry and yelled at him first, threw down
his timecard, and walked out. However, Respondent’s own
witness, Lemus, supports Lostanau’s testimony that it was
J.J. CASSONE BAKERY 1317
Locke who first caused the conversation to turn heated and then
told him to leave, which in turn was followed by Lostanau’s
throwing the card.
Accordingly, I conclude that Respondent failed to meet its
Wright Line burden, and that such suspension was discriminato-
rily motivated. I thus find such suspension violates Section
8(a)(1) and (3).
The Discharge of Salvador Concepcion
The complaint alleges that the Respondent discharged Salva-
dor Concepcion on or about November 1, 1999 because of his
activities on behalf of the Union. The overwhelming testimony
presented at the trial shows that Locke terminated Concep-
cion’s employment for viciously striking and attacking his then
supervisor, Abey Abraham,7 on the Bakery’s premises and that
his union activities had nothing to do with his discharge.
On the day in question, Concepcion gave a union card to his
girlfriend, Herrera (Herrera) Concepcion. Although he gave
conflicting testimony about his whereabouts when Herrera
returned the signed union card, he eventually testified that she
slipped him the card at the roll machines while he was on work-
ing time. On direct examination and in his affidavit to the
Board, Concepcion admitted that no one saw her pass the card
to him.
Later that day, Herrera and another female coworker had a
verbal altercation. Abraham arranged a meeting with the two
women and Marylou Cassone to resolve their dispute. Subse-
quently, the two female employees engaged in another verbal
altercation. Concepcion immediately leaped to Herrera’s aid
and interjected himself into the dispute. The women and Con-
cepcion attempted to take their argument to their then leadman,
Viegas. Abraham advised Viegas that the matter had been
referred to Marylou Cassone and not to get involved. Abraham
instructed the women to cease their argument and to meet with
Marylou Cassone the following day. Upon hearing these in-
structions, Concepcion flew into a rage and began cursing at
Abraham.
Abraham walked away and immediately called David Locke,
his supervisor, at home for advice regarding the volatile situa-
tion. Locke advised Abraham to tell Concepcion to go home
and to come see him the following day. Abraham sent Viegas
to relay the message while he waited in the drivers’ room.
Upon hearing the news from Viegas, Concepcion became en-
raged. Screaming at the top of his lungs, he charged into the
drivers’ room and sucker punched Abraham with explosive
power, in the face. It took three employees to pull Concepcion
off Abraham and drag him away. After Abraham recovered, he
telephoned Locke, who advised him to call the police, which he
did. Before the police arrived, Concepcion charged after Abra-
ham again, only to be physically restrained by several cowork-
ers. Dennis Scofield an independent route driver and eyewit-
ness, not employed by Respondent, credibly testified that he
had a clear and unobstructed view of the drivers’ room from his
loading bay, about twenty (20) feet away. Scofield witnessed
the entire attack and heard the sound of Concepcion’s fist hit-

7 Abraham was an admitted supervisor within the meaning of Sec.
2(11) of the Act.
ting Abraham’s face. He described it as a “good flat smack.”
Scofield’s testimony of the punch was so vivid, detailed and
descriptive that I was able to imagine the impact of the punch
myself. It was a knock out blow. Scofield was not employed
by Respondent. He had no reason to shade his testimony in
favor of Respondent and I credit his entire testimony. Scofield
also spoke with Abraham after the attack and noticed physical
evidence of Concepcion’s vicious assault—the red weld devel-
oping on the side of Abraham’s face. Scofield credibly testified
that Abraham never raised a hand to Concepcion. The police
arrived shortly thereafter to interview all of the parties.
The next day Locke investigated the incident. He spoke with
Abraham and observed his physical injuries. He interviewed
Viegas and Scofield, both of whom confirmed Abraham’s
statements. Due to the strong weight of the evidence and the
viciousness of the attack, Locke terminated Concepcion for
fighting in violation of the Bakery’s rules. This entire incident
occurred prior to the filing of the election petition. I credit
Abraham’s testimony in connection with this incident, in view
of the solid credibility of Scofield’s testimony.
In this regard, Abraham’s testimony was detailed and, most
importantly, he was fired by Respondent shortly after this inci-
dent for unrelated matters. If anything one would expect a
reluctance to testify favorably toward Respondent.
The General Counsel contends that Respondent’s past prac-
tice of dealing with physical altercations at the workplace is
inconsistent with the treatment accorded Concepcion. General
Counsel witness Juan Martinez described a physical altercation
between Rafael Cardenas, a leadman, and a supervisor, Moises
Contreras, where no one was disciplined and another fight be-
tween Roberto Salano and Gustavo Cardenas, in which neither
employee was disciplined.
On the other hand, Respondent supplied records to establish
that Respondent has previously suspended or terminated other
employees for the same or substantially similar reasons. For
example, in the past 5 years, Respondent terminated three em-
ployees for fighting: (1) Cipiriana Chavez, terminated on Au-
gust 8, 1996, (2) Rosendo Valdovinos, terminated on June 8,
1998; and (3) Kurian Shibu, terminated on October 15, 1999.
I conclude that General Counsel has failed to establish dispa-
rate treatment. Moreover, I conclude that given the details of
this incident, a blockbuster sucker administered to an unsus-
pecting and defenseless high level supervisor, it is hard to be-
lieve that any employer would not have taken the same re-
sponse as Respondent.
With respect to Concepcion, I conclude Respondent has met
its Wright Line burden and did not violate Section 8(a)(1) and
(3) as alleged.
The Union’s Objections
As set forth above a petition for an election was filed by the
Union on November 2, 1999, a stipulated election was entered
into on November 24, 1999. An election was held on Decem-
ber 21, 1999. The Union lost that election by a wide margin.
Out of 177 valid votes counted, the Union received 38 votes;
votes cast against the Union were 139. There were 21 chal-
lenged ballots.
On December 27, the Union filed timely objections to the
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD1318
conduct of the election. The Union’s objections to be decided
separately are as follows:
Objection 1—The Employer designated John Cassone as its
observer at the 2d and 3d sessions of the election. Mr. Cassone
is a close relative of the Employer’s owners and is a supervisor
and/or agent of the Employer.
Objection 3—The Employer refused to allow Mr. Cesar
Calderon, the Petitioner’s choice to act as its observer, to serve
as an observer during the election.
Objection 4—The Employer refused to allow Adan Aguilar,
the Petitioner’s choice to act as its observer, to serve as an ob-
server during the election.
Objection 5—A number of times during the course of the
day of the election, the Employer, by its officers, agents and
representatives called the local police and directed them to the
Employer’s facility and requested that they intervene in the
National Labor Relations Board election process. Employees
witnessed members of the police force speaking with the Em-
ployer’s representatives and interrogating the Union’s officers
and agents and Mr. Calderon and Mr. Aguilar.
Objection 6—A number of times during the course of the
day of the election, the Employer requested that the local police
intervene and prevent the Union’s designated observers from
participating in the election.
There were 34 objections, in total filed by the Union. How-
ever, objections 7 through 9, 12, and 18 were withdrawn before
the trial commenced, Objections 2 and 10 were withdrawn on
the first day of the trial. All remaining objections not addressed
herein overlap with allegations set forth in the consolidated
complaints and have been addressed in the above portion of the
decision relating to the unfair labor practices.
The unit described in the stipulated agreement was:
All full-time and regular part-time production and
maintenance employees, including bakers, packers, ship-
pers, mechanics, porters and sanitation employees, drivers
and retail clerks, employed by the Employer at its facility
located at 202 South Regent Street, Port Chester, New
York.
Objection 1
Unless otherwise agreed to by the parties, observers for the
employer must be selected from among its nonsupervisory staff
and be persons not closely identified with the employer. The
Board has consistently held that “the presence of a supervisor
or one who is closely allied with management as an observer is
inherently coercive as their presence at polls may unduly influ-
ence employees.” Bosart Co., 314 NLRB 245, 247 (1994).
See also Worth Food Market Stores, Inc., 103 NLRB 259, 260
(1953) (it is well established Board policy that supervisors or
agents may not act as observers for an employer). Elections
have been set aside for these reasons alone. Mountain States
Telephone and Telegraph Co., 207 NLRB 552, 553 (1973). In
fact the National Labor Relations Board's casehandling manual
provides that “the use of an ineligible observer may result in the
election being set aside through the objection process.” Jon
Cassone, as set forth above, is a agent of Respondent within the
meaning of Section 2(13) of the Act. Although he was agent,
he nevertheless wore the uniform of green shirt and green
pants, worn by supervisors. Jon Cassone was identified by
Flores as sitting at the voting table during at least one of the
three voting sessions while wearing the green supervisor uni-
form. It was stipulated by both parties that Jon Cassone was
appointed as an observer by the Respondent for the second and
third voting sessions. I find that Jon Cassone’s presence as an
observer is sufficient to set aside the election.
Even if Jon Cassone’s supervisory status were not made
clear by the record, it is beyond dispute that he is closely identi-
fied with Respondent as an agent. Such persons cannot be
selected by the employer to act as observers. Bosart at 247.
The Board has held that relatives of the employer are closely
identified with the employer and therefore are prevented from
acting as observers. International Stamping Co., 97 NLRB
921, 922 (1951) (a sister-in-law to the employer should have
been prohibited from acting as an observer); Wiley Mfg., 93
NLRB 1600, 1601 (1951).
Jon Cassone’s familial relation with the owners of the Re-
spondent, as set forth in detail above, is clearly sufficient to
create a close enough alliance with the employer rendering a
free election impossible. Jon Cassone admitted in his direct
examination that he knows the owners of the Respondent bak-
ery, Marylou and Rocky Cassone. He shares the same last
name as the owners and in fact they are second cousins. I find
that his obvious relation to the employer made his presence at
the voting table as an observer for the Respondent unlawful.
The voting employees seeing this man who, by relation, and his
clear status as an agent, is closely affiliated with Respondent’s
ownership could have been unduly influenced into voting
against the Union. The wrongful presence of such relative and
agent of Respondent at the voting table acting as an observer is
enough to destroy the laboratory conditions and warrant setting
aside the election.
Based upon Jon Cassone’s familial relationship with Re-
spondent, I conclude Jon Cassone’s presence as an observer at
the election was sufficient to set aside the election.
Objections 2–5
The procedures for the conduct of elections are designed to
insure, as much as possible, that the outcome reflects a free and
fair choice of the voters, it is the Board’s duty to “provide a
laboratory in which an experiment may be conducted, under
conditions as nearly ideal as possible, to determine the unin-
hibited desires of the employees.” General Shoe Corp., 77
NLRB 124, 127 (1948). Observers help the Board fulfill this
function. Any party may be represented at the voting by ob-
servers of its own selection. Refusing to permit persons se-
lected by the Union to act as observers is a violation of the
“obligation to permit the Union to designate an observer of its
choice” and is therefore objectionable conduct for which an
election may be set aside. Kellwood Co., 299 NLRB 1026,
1029 (1990). It is well established that “an employee who has
been discharged, and whose discharge is the subject of an un-
fair labor practice charge, may serve as an observer at an elec-
tion.” Id. See also Zelrich Co., 144 NLRB 1381 (1963).
Therefore it is clear that absent special circumstances both
Calderon or Aguilar were entitled to act as observers.
J.J. CASSONE BAKERY 1319
Respondent contends that due to the alleged threats made
against Marcelino Cortez, described above, an order of protec-
tion was issued by a New York State court, finding that such
special circumstances existed which made it reasonable that
they could be barred from acting as observers.
However, the same court, upon application by the Union is-
sued a “Modified Order of Protection expressly permitting
Calderon and Aguilar” to be inside, so as to be able to act as
observers and in the vicinity of the J.J. Cassone Bakery, Inc. on
the day of the election. The police officers called by Respon-
dent to insure no physical confrontations examined the “Modi-
fied Order” and informed and showed Respondent’s owners
and officers this “Modified Order.” Notwithstanding such
“Modified Order,” Respondent chose to disregard such court
order. Respondent continued to refuse Calderon and Aguilar
access to the building throughout the day as voting continued.
Id. In fact, the police together with the employer’s attorney,
Marc Silverman, refused their request to contact the Board
agent, who was inside the facility preparing the voting area.
Calderon and Aguilar never participated as observers as the
Union and the court had directed. The Union, at the last minute
had to find replacement observers. This last minute change
placed the Union at a disadvantage because it had to quickly
locate several employees who would be familiar with over 200
potential voting employees and able to assert challenges where
appropriate.
What makes the Respondent’s refusal to allow the Union’s
choices of observers to perform their task more insidious is the
fact that Calderon and Aguilar were two of the Union’s most
vocal and visible supporters. Calderon and Aguilar were both
members of the union organizing committee. In fact they were
the most active members, as described above. To call the po-
lice and physically bar Calderon and Aguilar, the most active
union advocates, from participating as union observers notwith-
standing the “Modified Court Order,” taints the “laboratory”
conditions ideal and necessary for a fair and free election. Re-
spondent clearly attempted to influence voters by restricting
Calderon’s and Aguilar’s access to the voting area as observers.
The voters witnessed this prevention by both Respondent and
by the police, of Calderon and Aguilar to act as observers.
Such action could reasonably be expected to have adverse ac-
tion taken against them if they too were shown to be union
supporters. I find such action unlawful and sufficient alone to
set aside the election.
When the conduct of the police creates a “general atmos-
phere of confusion or fear of reprisal such as to render impossi-
ble the free and untrammeled choice of a bargaining representa-
tive,” the Board will set aside the election. The Great Atlantic
& Pacific Tea Co., 120 NLRB 765, 767 (1958). In that case
there was no evidence showing that the employer even had
anything to do with the arrest of the principal organizer just
prior to the start of the election. Id. The arrest of the organizer
“before the eyes of a number of eligible voters only minutes
before they were scheduled to vote . . . was sufficient to create”
such an atmosphere of confusion. Id. Though police presence
alone has not been considered sufficient consequence to require
a new election, where “they inject themselves into election
issues” or “speak to any employees or voters during the elec-
tion,” the election environment becomes tainted. Louisville
Cap Co., 120 NLRB 769, 771 (1958).
The evidence in this case establishes that the police were
first called by the Respondent and its agents prior to 9 a.m. on
the morning of the election. The police were instructed by
Respondent that union representatives, Atkins (the union secre-
tary/treasurer), Calderon, and Aguilar were trespassing. The
police officers’ presence created a “commotion.” There was a
window from the voting area where this commotion could be
viewed. But more importantly, the exchange among the police
officers, the employers, and the union representatives occurred
near the entrance to the voting area. Many employees wit-
nessed the exchange as the uniformed police officers and their
vehicles were in clear view.
For the afternoon voting session, Respondent called the po-
lice again; they were present at the employer’s facility at about
12:55 p.m., just prior to the 1 p.m. voting session. Again, the
police officer this time was uniformed, armed and had a police
vehicle parked in clear view of the voting area. The police
officer approached Atkins, Calderon, and Aguilar and two other
union representatives and asked if they “were the trespassers.”
The police barred the group from entering the premises. Again,
the exchange between the police, the employer, and the union
representatives were in clear view of and witnessed by voting
employees.
The police in this case did not merely stand by mute; they in-
jected themselves into the election by talking to employees
Aguilar and Calderon and asking them to leave the premises.
In clear sight of voting employees, the police spoke to Atkins,
Calderon, and Aguilar and prevented their entry into the voting
area. The Board has found that this kind of conduct by police
destroys the laboratory conditions required for elections. The
Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. at 767. I conclude for such
conduct alone, free and untrammeled election could not possi-
bly take place under such conditions and the election should be
set aside.
In addition, I conclude for each and every unfair labor prac-
tice I have found, which occurred during the critical period,
beginning November 2, 1999, the date the petition for election
was filed and December 21, 1999, the date of the election, I
conclude the election should be set aside.
REMEDY
Having found that Respondent engaged in violations of Sec-
tion 8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act, I find that Respondent must be
ordered to cease and desist therefrom, and take affirmative
action designed to effectuate the policies of the Act.
In addition, in view of my finding that Respondent commit-
ted various violations of Section 8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act,
described above, within the period that the petition for election
was filed (November 2, 1999), and the date the election was
held (December 21, 1999), and in addition committed various
acts not alleged as unfair labor practice violations, but as con-
duct affecting the results of the election, which I have also con-
cluded, discussed above, that Respondent did commit, I shall
order a new election.
With respect to those employees I have concluded that Re-
spondent suspended and or, discharged in violation of Section
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD1320
8(a)(1) and (3), I recommend they be reinstated to their former
positions of employment, or if such positions no longer exist,
substantially equivalent positions, without prejudice to their
seniority or other rights or privileges previously enjoyed by
them.
All of the above employees suspended and or discharged
must be made whole for any loss of earnings or other benefits
suffered as a result of the discrimination against them, with
backpay for the period of their unlawful suspension, and if
discharged, from the date of their unlawful discharge, until
Respondent offers them unconditional reinstatement as defined
by Board authority.
Backpay shall be computed in accordance with F. W. Wool-
worth Co., 90 NLRB 289 (1950), with interest as prescribed in
New Horizons for the Retarded, 283 NLRB 1173 (1987).
In addition, Respondent must be ordered to remove from the
files of those employees suspended and or discharged any ref-
erence of such action and notify the employees that this has
been done, and these personnel actions will not be used against
them in any way.
Based upon the findings of facts, and conclusions of law as
described above, I issue the following recommended8
ORDER
The Respondent, J.J. Cassone Bakery, Inc., its officers, suc-
cessors, and assigns, shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Suspending and discharging its employees because of
their membership in, and or their activities on behalf of the
Union.
(b) Threatening its employees with discharge or suspension,
because of their membership in, and or activities on behalf of
the Union.
(c) Threatening its employees with unspecified reprisals, be-
cause of their membership in, and or their activities on behalf
of the Union.
(d) Harassing its employees engaged in lawful Union activi-
ties outside Respondents facility following their unlawful dis-
charge.
(e) Threatening its employees with loss of economic and
noneconomic benefits, or other changes in hours of work or in
other working conditions.
(f) Promising its employees benefits to induce them to aban-
don their membership in, or activities on behalf of the Union.
(g) Interrogating its employees concerning their membership
in, and or activities on behalf of the Union.
(h) Creating the impression among its employees that their
activities on behalf of the Union are under surveillance by Re-
spondent’s representatives.
(i) Informing its employees that it would be futile for them
to engage in activities on behalf of the Union.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to effec-
tuate the policies of the Act.

8 If no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec. 102.46 of the Board’s
Rules and Regulations, the findings, conclusions, and recommended
Order shall, as provided in Sec. 102.48 of the Rules, be adopted by the
Board and all objections to them shall be deemed waived for all pur-
poses.
(a) Within 14 days from the date of this Order, offer to: Ce-
sar Calderon, Adam Aguilar, Cabrilio Flores, Jose Mario Cas-
tro, and Lorenzo Macua their former positions of employment,
or if such positions no longer exist, to a substantially equivalent
position of employment, without prejudice to their seniority or
other rights and privileges they previously enjoyed.
(b) Within 14 days of this Order make whole in the manner
set forth in the remedy provisions of this decision those em-
ployees discharged by Respondent, described above in this
Order, from the date of their discharge, until the date of a valid
offer of employment or reinstatement. As to the suspensions of
Cesar Calderon, Adam Aguilar, Cabrilio Flores, and Roberto
Lastanau, such employees must be made whole for the period
of their suspension.
(c) Within 14 days of this Order, expunge from their files
any reference to the unlawful refusal to employ the employees
named above including Lok, and notify them in writing that this
has been done and that these personnel actions will not be used
against them in any way.
(d) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at its
New York, New York facility copies of the attached notice
marked “Appendix.”9 Copies of the notice, on forms provided
by the Regional Director for Region 2, after being signed by the
Respondent’s authorized representative, shall be posted by the
Respondent immediately upon receipt and maintained for 60
consecutive days in conspicuous places including all places
where notices to employees and members are customarily
posted. Reasonable steps shall be taken by the Respondent to
ensure that the notices are not altered, defaced, or covered by
any other material.
(e) Further, and in accordance with Lufkin Rule Co., 147
NLRB 341 (1964), and Fieldcrest Cannon, Inc., 327 NLRB
109 fn. 3 (1998), I recommend that the following notice be
issued in the Notice of Second Election:
NOTICE TO ALL VOTERS
The election conducted on December 21, 1999, was set aside
because the National Labor Relations Board found that certain
conduct of the Employer interfered with the employees’ exer-
cise of a free and reasoned choice. Therefore, a new election
will be held in accordance with the terms of this notice of
election. [A]ll eligible voters should understand that the Na-
tional Labor Relations Act, as amended, gives them the right
to cast their ballots as they see fit, and protects them in the ex-
ercise of this right, free from interference by any of the par-
ties.
APPENDIX
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government

9 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”
J.J. CASSONE BAKERY 1321
The National Labor Relations Board has found that we violated
Federal labor law and has ordered us to post and obey this notice.
FEDERAL LAW GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO
Form, join, or assist a union
Choose representatives to bargain with us on your be-
half
Act together with other employees for your benefit and
protection
Choose not to engage in any of these protected activi-
ties.
WE WILL NOT suspend or discharge our employees because of
their membership in, and or their activities on behalf of the
Union.
WE WILL NOT threaten our employees with discharge or sus-
pension, because of their membership in, and or activities on
behalf of the Union.
WE WILL NOT threaten our employees with unspecified repri-
sals, because of their membership in, and or their activities on
behalf of the Union.
WE WILL NOT harass our employees engaged in lawful union
activities outside our facility following their unlawful dis-
charge.
WE WILL NOT threaten our employees with loss of economic
and noneconomic benefits, or other changes in hours of work or
in other working conditions.
WE WILL NOT promise employees benefits to induce them to
abandon their membership in, or activities on behalf of the
Union.
WE WILL NOT interrogate our employees concerning their
membership in, and or activities on behalf of the Union.
WE WILL NOT create the impression among our employees
that their activities on behalf of the Union are under surveil-
lance by our representatives.
WE WILL NOT inform our employees that it would be futile
for them to engage in activities on behalf of the Union.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere with, re-
strain, or coerce our employees in the exercise of the rights
guaranteed by Section 7 of the Act.
WE WILL reinstate Cesar Calderon, Adam Aguilar, Cabrilo
Flores, Jose Mario Castro, and Lorenzo Macua and make them
whole for any loss of earnings and other benefits they may have
incurred, and reimburse them for any Federal and/or State in-
come taxes that would or may result from the lump sum pay-
ment of their backpay award.
WE WILL remove from our files any references to the dis-
charges and suspension above and will notify these employees
in writing that this has been done and that these discharges and
suspension will not be used against them in any way.
J. J. CASSONE BAKERY, INC.