GFBC, Inc.v.A Sun Down Enterprise, LLC d/b/a Sun Up Brewing CompanyDownload PDFTrademark Trial and Appeal BoardJun 28, 201991234503 (T.T.A.B. Jun. 28, 2019) Copy Citation This Opinion is Not a Precedent of the TTAB Mailed: June 28, 2019 UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE _____ Trademark Trial and Appeal Board _____ GFBC, Inc. v. A Sun Down Enterprise, LLC d/b/a Sun Up Brewing Company _____ Opposition No. 91234503 _____ Karen K. Gaunt and Leanthony Edwards Jr. of Dinsmore & Shohl LLP, for GFBC, Inc. Anthony M. Verna III, Verna Law, P.C. _____ Before Shaw, Hightower, and English, Administrative Trademark Judges. Opinion by English, Administrative Trademark Judge: Applicant, A Sun Down Enterprise, LLC, d/b/a Sun Up Brewing Company, seeks registration on the Principal Register of the standard character mark RED FLASH for “beer.” Opposer, GFBC, Inc., opposes registration on the ground of likelihood of confusion under Section 2(d) of the Trademark Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1052(d), based on alleged prior use and registration of the marks: (1) GREEN FLASH for “beer” and Opposition No. 91234503 2 “non-metal taps for beer kegs”;1 (2) GREEN FLASH BREWING CO. for “bar services featuring craft beer”;2 and (3) FLASH OF GENIUS for “beer”3 and “t-shirts.”4 (The marks in items 1 and 2 are collectively referred to as the “GREEN FLASH Marks.”) In its answer, Applicant denies the salient allegations in the notice of opposition.5 I. The Record The record consists of the pleadings and the file of Applicant’s involved application by operation of Trademark Rule 2.122(b), 37 C.F.R § 2.122(b). In addition, Opposer submitted the amended testimony declaration,6 with one exhibit, of Michael Hinkley, “co-founder of Green Flash Brewing and current advisor to [Opposer],”7 and a notice of reliance on the following evidence: • The prosecution file histories for the pleaded registrations; • Printouts from the USPTO Trademark Status and Document Retrieval (TSDR) database for the GREEN FLASH Marks; and • Sixteen Internet printouts of articles, press releases, customer reviews, and media references to Opposer and goods offered under the GREEN FLASH 1 Registration No. 4766676, in standard characters; registered July 7, 2015. 2 Registration No. 5057034, in standard characters; registered October 11, 2016; “Brewing Co.” disclaimed. 3 Registration No. 4786191, in standard characters; registered August 4, 2015. 4 Registration No. 4993665, in standard characters; registered July 5, 2016. 5 Answer, 5 TTABVUE. 6 Opposer amended the declaration to include a certificate of service. 13 TTABVUE 2. The amended declaration otherwise appears to be identical to the original declaration at 12 TTABVUE. 7 Hinkley Declaration, 13 TTABVUE 3, ¶ 1. Opposition No. 91234503 3 Marks. Applicant did not introduce any testimony or evidence. Nor did Applicant file a brief.8 II. Standing and Priority As the plaintiff in this proceeding, Opposer bears the burden of establishing its standing and Section 2(d) claim by a preponderance of the evidence. Cerveceria Centroamericana, S.A. v. Cerveceria India Inc., 892 F.2d 1021, 13 USPQ2d 1307, 1309 (Fed. Cir. 1989); Jansen Enters. Inc. v. Rind, 85 USPQ2d 1104, 1107 (TTAB 2007). Where, as here, an opposer’s sole claim is priority and likelihood of confusion, an opposer may establish standing and priority by proving ownership of a subsisting federal registration or “any one of a number of types of use sufficient to establish prior proprietary rights.” Demon Int’l LC v. Lynch, 86 USPQ2d 1058, 1060 (TTAB 2008). Applicant did not make any admissions in its answer regarding Opposer’s pleaded registrations or common law rights, and for the reasons explained below, the evidence of record does not establish by a preponderance of the evidence that Opposer owns the pleaded registrations or has prior proprietary rights in the pleaded marks. The TSDR records for the GREEN FLASH Marks submitted into the record by Opposer show that the registrations are owned by WC IPA LLC (“WC IPA”), not by Opposer GFBC, Inc.9 Specifically, the TSDR records show that on: 8 Because Opposer has the burden of proof, Applicant had no obligation to submit evidence or a brief, and we do not construe its decision not to do so as a concession of the case. Trademark Rule 2.128(a)(1), 37 C.F.R. § 2.128(a)(1); Yazhong Investing Ltd. v. Multi-Media Tech. Ventures, Ltd., 126 USPQ2d 1526, 1531 n.13 (TTAB 2018). 9 Notice of Reliance, Exhibit 3, 14 TTABVUE 268-71, and Exhibit 4, 14 TTABVUE 330-32. Opposition No. 91234503 4 • August 12, 2015, Opposer granted a security interest in the GREEN FLASH Marks to Comercia Bank; • March 30, 2018, Opposer assigned the “entire interest” in the GREEN FLASH Marks to Comercia Bank; and • March 30, 2018, Comercia Bank assigned the “entire interest” in the GREEN FLASH Marks to WC IPA.10 There is no evidence in the record to explain what relationship, if any, Opposer has with WC IPA, and Opposer did not address the assignment of the GREEN FLASH Marks in its brief. In any event, only the record owner of a registration may rely on it to establish standing and priority. See Trademark Act Section 7(b), 15 U.S.C. § 1057(b) (“A certificate of registration of a mark upon the principal register … shall be prima facie evidence of … the owner’s ownership of the mark, and of the owner’s exclusive right to use the registered mark ....”) (emphasis added). As to the FLASH OF GENIUS mark, Opposer did not make status and title copies of the pleaded registrations of record through any of the means available to it under the Trademark Rules. The mere prosecution file histories for the registrations are insufficient because they do not show that Opposer currently owns the registrations or that the registrations are subsisting. Syngenta Crop Prot. Inc. v. Bio-Chek LLC, 90 USPQ2d 1112, 1116-17 (TTAB 2009) (plain copy of registration certificate insufficient); Indus. Adhesive Co. v. Borden, Inc., 218 USPQ 945, 947-48 (TTAB 1983) (photocopy of registration without status and title information insufficient to 10 Id. Opposition No. 91234503 5 establish prima facie showing). Mr. Hinkley testifies that: • Opposer “owns the … federally registered [pleaded] trademarks[.]”11 • “Since beginning operations in 2002, [Opposer] has sold in excess of an estimated 200 million USD ($200,000,000.00) worth of beer and related merchandise bearing the [pleaded marks] within the United States of America.”12 • “Since launch, [Opposer] has spent in excess of 20 million USD ($20,000,000.00) on marketing beer and related merchandise under the [pleaded marks] throughout the United States of America.”13 • “As a result of [Opposer’s] marketing and brand building efforts around the mark GREEN FLASH, [Opposer] has established one of the most recognizable brands in its industry. [Opposer] is ranked in the top 50 of over 6,600 breweries in the U.S. on social media platforms Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.”14 It is well established that the oral testimony of a single witness with personal knowledge may establish a party’s ownership or use of a mark, but only if it is sufficiently probative. Exec. Coach Builder, Inc. v. SPV Coach Co., 123 USPQ2d 1175, 11 Hinkley Declaration, 13 TTABVUE 3-4, ¶ 4. Mr. Hinkley has not testified as to the current status of the pleaded registrations. Alcan Aluminum Corp. v. Alcar Metals Inc., 200 USPQ 742, 744 n.5 (TTAB 1978) (plain copies of registrations introduced through testimony which established ownership of the registrations but failed to establish that they were currently subsisting were not considered). 12 Id. at 4, ¶ 5. 13 Id. at ¶ 6. 14 Id. at ¶ 8. Opposition No. 91234503 6 1184 (TTAB 2017); GAF Corp. v. Amatol Analytical Servs., Inc., 192 USPQ 576, 577, 583 (TTAB 1976). The testimony “should not be characterized by contradictions, inconsistencies, and indefiniteness but should carry with it conviction of its accuracy and applicability.” B.R. Baker Co. v. Lebow Bros., 150 F.2d 580, 66 USPQ 232 (CCPA 1945); Nationstar Mortg. LLC v. Ahmad, 112 USPQ2d 1361, 1372 (TTAB 2014). Corroborating evidence strengthens oral testimony. Executive Coach, 123 USPQ2d at 1184. We find that Mr. Hinkley’s testimony is not credible for several reasons. First, Mr. Hinkley testifies that he was the founder of Opposer’s predecessor-in-interest Green Flash Brewing,15 but that he now serves as a “current advisor” to Opposer.16 Mr. Hinkley has not explained in what capacity he advises Opposer, and therefore, the basis for his testimony that he has the personal knowledge necessary to testify regarding current ownership of the pleaded registrations and current use of the pleaded marks is unclear. Fed. R. Evid. 602 (“A witness may not testify to matter unless evidence is introduced sufficient to support a finding that the witness has personal knowledge of the matter.”). Second, the TSDR records Opposer submitted directly contradict Mr. Hinkley’s testimony that Opposer owns the GREEN FLASH Marks. The recordation of the assignment of the GREEN FLASH registrations with the Office is prima facie 15 Notice of Reliance, Exhibit 3, 14 TTABVUE 268-71, and Exhibit 4, 14 TTABVUE 330-32 (TSDR records reflecting that Green Flash Brewing, Inc., d/b/a Green Flash Brewing Company merged into GFBC, Inc.). 16 Hinkley Declaration, 13 TTABVUE 3, ¶ 1. Opposition No. 91234503 7 evidence of the execution of the assignment. Trademark Act Section 10(a)(3), 15 U.S.C. § 1060(a)(3). In the absence of evidence rebutting the assignment, we must treat WC IPA as the owner of the GREEN FLASH Marks.17 See Sonic Distribs., Inc. v. Int’l Battery, Inc., 175 USPQ 255, 256 (TTAB 1972). Any rights Opposer accrued in the GREEN FLASH Marks now accrue to WC IPA. Karsten Mfg. Corp. v. Editoy AG, 79 USPQ2d 1783, 1790 n.9 (TTAB 2006) (“[T]he law is well established that an assignee stands in the shoes of its assignor.”); 3 J. Thomas McCarthy, MCCARTHY ON TRADEMARKS AND UNFAIR COMPETITION § 18:15 (5th ed. 2019) (“After an assignment, the assignor has divested itself of its trademark rights. The title of the assignee is superior.”). The other documentary evidence Opposer has submitted, namely, the Internet printouts and file histories for the pleaded registrations, does not rebut the assignment of the GREEN FLASH Marks nor is it sufficient to establish Opposer’s current ownership or use of the FLASH OF GENIUS mark.18 Third, the implication of Mr. Hinkley’s testimony is that Opposer has been using the pleaded marks since 2002, but Opposer acknowledges in its brief that it did not 17 If Opposer continued to use the GREEN FLASH Marks notwithstanding the assignment on March 30, 2018, this would constitute a “new” use after Applicant’s filing and constructive first use date of September 1, 2016. 18 None of the Internet printouts reference the FLASH OF GENIUS mark. Twelve of the sixteen Internet printouts consist of content published before the March 30, 2018 assignment of the GREEN FLASH Marks. 14 TTABVUE 382-86, 392-400, 405-07, 410-12, and 418-31. The remaining four webpage printouts have limited probative value as we consider them only for what they show on their face, not for the truth of their contents. Safer, Inc. v. OMS Invs., Inc., 94 USPQ2d 1031, 1040 (TTAB 2010). There is some evidence that Opposer may have used Green Flash as a trade name, but it is insufficient to establish that Opposer has continued to use the Green Flash trade name after assignment of the GREEN FLASH Marks. Opposition No. 91234503 8 commence use of its pleaded marks for the pleaded goods and services until much later.19 Mr. Hinkley’s testimony also is vague and ambiguous; he does not testify that Opposer’s sales and marketing in connection with the pleaded marks have been continuous. The ambiguity is glaring in view of the evidence demonstrating that Opposer has assigned its rights in the GREEN FLASH Marks to an apparently unrelated party. III. Conclusion Considering all of the evidence as a whole, Opposer has failed to prove its ownership of the pleaded registrations or use establishing prior proprietary rights. Accordingly, Opposer has not proven its standing or priority. Decision: The opposition is dismissed for Opposer’s lack of standing and priority. 19 15 TTABVUE 5. Copy with citationCopy as parenthetical citation