Wis. Stat. § 421.401

Current through Acts 2023-2024, ch. 272

Section 421.401 - Venue

(1) The venue for a claim arising out of a consumer transaction or a consumer credit transaction is the county:

(a) Where the customer resides or is personally served;

(b) Where collateral securing a consumer credit transaction is located; or

(c) Where the customer sought or acquired the property, services, money or credit which is the subject of the transaction or signed the document evidencing his or her obligation under the terms of the transaction.

(2) When it appears from the return of service of the summons or otherwise that the county in which the action is pending under sub. (1) is not a proper place of trial for such action, unless the defendant appears and waives the improper venue, the court shall act as follows:

(a) Except as provided in par. (b), if it appears that another county would be a proper place of trial, the court shall transfer the action to that county.

(b) If the action arises out of a consumer credit transaction, the court shall dismiss the action for lack of jurisdiction.

(3) If there are several defendants, and if venue is based on residence, venue may be in the county of residence of any of them.

Wis. Stat. § 421.401

1983 a. 228; 1987 a. 208.

An improperly venued action arising from a consumer credit transaction "shall be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction" under sub. (2) (b). When the court fails to dismiss, the action is invalid. Kett v. Community Credit Plan, Inc. 228 Wis. 2d 1, 596 N.W.2d 786 (1999), 97-3620. Although voluntarily dismissed, prosecution of improperly venued actions violated the consumer act, and the defendants were prevailing parties under s. 425.308 entitled to attorney fees. Community Credit Plan, Inc. v. Johnson, 228 Wis. 2d 30, 596 N.W.2d 799 (1999), 97-0574. Sections 801.50 and 801.51, the general venue statutes, do not apply to actions arising from consumer credit transactions. Rather, the venue provision in s. 421.401 applies. Brunton v. Nuvell Credit Corporation, 2010 WI 50, 325 Wis. 2d 135, 785 N.W.2d 302, 07-1253. Sub. (2) (b) states that an improperly venued consumer credit action must be dismissed unless the defendant appears and waives the improper venue. Appearance in the action and pleading in the action are distinct requirements. Waiver under sub. (2) requires the intentional relinquishment of a known right. To establish a valid waiver, it must be proved that the defendant knew the place of proper venue and knew of the right to dismissal of the case when it was not properly venued. A plaintiff must prove that the rights to proper venue and dismissal of an improperly venued action were intentionally relinquished. Continued litigation of an action does not unambiguously demonstrate an intention to relinquish the right to proper venue. Brunton v. Nuvell Credit Corporation, 2010 WI 50, 325 Wis. 2d 135, 785 N.W.2d 302, 07-1253.