34 U.S.C. § 11102
The purposes of this subchapter and subchapter II are-
34 U.S.C. § 11102
EDITORIAL NOTES
CODIFICATIONSection was formerly classified to section 5602 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.
AMENDMENTS2018-Par. (1). Pub. L. 115-385, §101(1), inserted ", tribal," after "State". Par. (2). Pub. L. 115-385, §101(2), inserted ", tribal," after "State" and struck out "and" at end.Par. (3). Pub. L. 115-385, §101(3), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "to assist State and local governments in addressing juvenile crime through the provision of technical assistance, research, training, evaluation, and the dissemination of information on effective programs for combating juvenile delinquency."Par. (4). Pub. L. 115-385, §101(4), added par. (4).2002- Pub. L. 107-273 amended heading and text generally. Prior to text, section read as follows: "(a) It is the purpose of this chapter-"(1) to provide for the thorough and ongoing evaluation of all federally assisted juvenile justice and delinquency prevention programs;"(2) to provide technical assistance to public and private nonprofit juvenile justice and delinquency prevention programs;"(3) to establish training programs for persons, including professionals, paraprofessionals, and volunteers, who work with delinquents or potential delinquents or whose work or activities relate to juvenile delinquency programs;"(4) to establish a centralized research effort on the problems of juvenile delinquency, including the dissemination of the findings of such research and all data related to juvenile delinquency;"(5) to develop and encourage the implementation of national standards for the administration of juvenile justice, including recommendations for administrative, budgetary, and legislative action at the Federal, State, and local level to facilitate the adoption of such standards;"(6) to assist States and local communities with resources to develop and implement programs to keep students in elementary and secondary schools and to prevent unwarranted and arbitrary suspensions and expulsions;"(7) to establish a Federal assistance program to deal with the problems of runaway and homeless youth;"(8) to strengthen families in which juvenile delinquency has been a problem;"(9) to assist State and local governments in removing juveniles from jails and lockups for adults;"(10) to assist State and local governments in improving the administration of justice and services for juveniles who enter the system; and"(11) to assist States and local communities to prevent youth from entering the justice system to begin with. "(b) It is therefore the further declared policy of Congress to provide the necessary resources, leadership, and coordination (1) to develop and implement effective methods of preventing and reducing juvenile delinquency, including methods with a special focus on preserving and strengthening families so that juveniles may be retained in their homes; (2) to develop and conduct effective programs to prevent delinquency, to divert juveniles from the traditional juvenile justice system and to provide critically needed alternatives to institutionalization; (3) to improve the quality of juvenile justice in the United States; (4) to increase the capacity of State and local governments and public and private agencies to conduct effective juvenile justice and delinquency prevention and rehabilitation programs and to provide research, evaluation, and training services in the field of juvenile delinquency prevention; (5) to encourage parental involvement in treatment and alternative disposition programs; and (6) to provide for coordination of services between State, local, and community-based agencies and to promote interagency cooperation in providing such services." 1992-Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102-586, §1(b)(1)(A), substituted "justice and delinquency prevention" for "delinquency". Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102-586, §1(b)(1)(B), substituted "nonprofit juvenile justice and delinquency prevention programs" for "agencies, institutions, and individuals in developing and implementing juvenile delinquency programs".Subsec. (a)(8), (9). Pub. L. 102-586, §1(b)(1)(C) -(E), added par. (8) and redesignated former par. (8) as (9).Subsec. (a)(10), (11). Pub. L. 102-586, §1(b)(1)(F), (G), added pars. (10) and (11).Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 102-586, §1(b)(2)(A), substituted "preserving and strengthening families" for "maintaining and strengthening the family unit".Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 102-586, §1(b)(2)(B), (C), added cls. (5) and (6).1984-Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 98-473, §612(1), substituted "ongoing" for "prompt".Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 98-473, §612(2), substituted "the dissemination of" for "an information clearinghouse to disseminate".Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 98-473, §612(3), inserted "and homeless". 1980-Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 96-509, §4(a), added par. (8).Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96-509, §4(b), inserted reference to methods with a special focus on maintaining and strengthening the family unit so that juveniles may be retained in their homes.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115-385, §3, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5123, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 2018 Amendment note set out under section 10101 of this title] shall not apply with respect to funds appropriated for any fiscal year that begins before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2018]."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 107-273 effective on the first day of the first fiscal year that begins after Nov. 2, 2002, and applicable only with respect to fiscal years beginning on or after the first day of the first fiscal year that begins after Nov. 2, 2002, see section 12223 of Pub. L. 107-273, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 98-473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 670(a) of Pub. L. 98-473, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.
- State
- the term "State" means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands;
- evidence-based
- the term "evidence-based" means a program or practice that-(A) is demonstrated to be effective when implemented with fidelity;(B) is based on a clearly articulated and empirically supported theory;(C) has measurable outcomes relevant to juvenile justice, including a detailed description of the outcomes produced in a particular population, whether urban or rural; and(D) has been scientifically tested and proven effective through randomized control studies or comparison group studies and with the ability to replicate and scale;
- promising
- the term "promising" means a program or practice that-(A) is demonstrated to be effective based on positive outcomes relevant to juvenile justice from one or more objective, independent, and scientifically valid evaluations, as documented in writing to the Administrator; and(B) will be evaluated through a well-designed and rigorous study, as described in paragraph (34)(D);
- treatment
- the term "treatment" includes but is not limited to medical, educational, special education, social, psychological, and vocational services, corrective and preventive guidance and training, and other rehabilitative services designed to protect the public, including services designed to benefit addicts and other users by eliminating their dependence on alcohol or other addictive or nonaddictive drugs or by controlling their dependence and susceptibility to addiction or use;