23 U.S.C. § 135
23 U.S.C. § 135
EDITORIAL NOTES
REFERENCES IN TEXTThe Clean Air Act, referred to in subsecs. (b)(2) and (g)(5)(D)(iii), is act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322, which is classified generally to chapter 85 (§7401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Part D of title I of the Act is classified generally to subpart 1 (§7501 et seq.) of part D of subchapter I of chapter 85 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7401 of Title 42 and Tables.The date of enactment of the MAP-21, referred to in subsec. (h)(2)(A), is deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a), (b) of Pub. L. 112-141 set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes under section 101 of this title.The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (k), is Pub. L. 91-190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.
PRIOR PROVISIONSA prior section 135, Pub. L. 89-139, §4(a), Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578, called for a highway safety program in each State approved by the Secretary, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89-564, title I, §102(a), Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 734. See section 402 of this title.
AMENDMENTS2021-Subsec. (f)(3)(C). Pub. L. 117-58, §11201(b), added subpar. (C). Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 117-58, §11525(g)(1), substituted "operators), providers" for "operators),, providers".Subsec. (g)(6)(B). Pub. L. 117-58, §11525(g)(2), substituted "5310 and 5311" for "5310, 5311, 5316, and 5317".Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 117-58, §11201(c), substituted "section 104(b)(6)" for "paragraphs (5)(D) and (6) of section 104(b) of this title".2015-Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114-94, §1202(1), substituted ", bicycle transportation facilities, and intermodal facilities that support intercity transportation, including intercity buses and intercity bus facilities and commuter van pool providers" for "and bicycle transportation facilities".Subsec. (d)(1)(I), (J). Pub. L. 114-94, §1202(2)(A), added subpars. (I) and (J).Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114-94, §1202(2)(B)(i), substituted "and the general purposes described in section 5301 of title 49" for "and in section 5301(c) of title 49".Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(ii), (C). Pub. L. 114-94, §1202(2)(B)(ii), (iii), struck out "urbanized" before "areas".Subsec. (f)(3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 114-94, §1202(3)(A), inserted "public ports," before "freight shippers," and "(including intercity bus operators, employer-based commuting programs, such as a carpool program, vanpool program, transit benefit program, parking cash-out program, shuttle program, or telework program)" after "private providers of transportation".Subsec. (f)(7). Pub. L. 114-94, §1202(3)(B), substituted "shall" for "should" in introductory provisions. Subsec. (f)(8). Pub. L. 114-94, §1202(3)(C), inserted before period at end ", including consideration of the role that intercity buses may play in reducing congestion, pollution, and energy consumption in a cost-effective manner and strategies and investments that preserve and enhance intercity bus systems, including systems that are privately owned and operated". Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 114-94, §1202(4), inserted "public ports," before "freight shippers" and "(including intercity bus operators)," after "private providers of transportation".Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 114-94, §1104(e)(3), substituted "paragraphs (5)(D) and (6) of section 104(b)" for "section 104(b)(5)".2012- Pub. L. 112-141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to statewide transportation planning.2005- Pub. L. 109-59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to statewide transportation planning for provisions relating to, in subsec. (a), development of plans and programs by each State, in subsec. (b), coordination of State with Federal planning, in subsec. (c), scope of planning process, in subsec. (d), additional minimum requirements for each State to consider, in subsec. (e), development of a long-range transportation plan, in subsec. (f), development of a State transportation improvement program, in subsec. (g), funding, in subsec. (h), treatment of certain State laws as congestion management systems, and, in subsec. (i), review of plans and programs under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. 1998-Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105-178, §1204(a), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "It is in the national interest to encourage and promote the development of transportation systems embracing various modes of transportation in a manner that will serve all areas of the State efficiently and effectively. Subject to section 134 of this title, the State shall develop transportation plans and programs for all areas of the State. Such plans and programs shall provide for development of transportation facilities (including pedestrian walkways and bicycle transportation facilities) which will function as an intermodal State transportation system. The process for developing such plans and programs shall provide for consideration of all modes of transportation and shall be continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive to the degree appropriate, based on the complexity of the transportation problems."Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105-178, §1204(b), inserted "and sections 5303 through 5305 of title 49" after "section 134 of this title".Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105-178, §1204(c), amended heading and text of subsec. (c) generally, substituting provisions relating to scope of planning process for provisions relating to considerations to be involved in State's continuous transportation planning process.Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105-178, §1204(d), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Each State in carrying out planning under this section shall, at a minimum, consider the following: "(1) The coordination of transportation plans and programs developed for metropolitan areas of the State under section 134 with the State transportation plans and programs developed under this section and the reconciliation of such plans and programs as necessary to ensure connectivity within transportation systems."(2) Investment strategies to improve adjoining State and local roads that support rural economic growth and tourism development, Federal agency renewable resources management, and multipurpose land management practices, including recreation development."(3) The concerns of Indian tribal governments having jurisdiction over lands within the boundaries of the State." Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105-178, §1204(e), amended heading and text of subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The State shall develop a long-range transportation plan for all areas of the State. With respect to metropolitan areas of the State, the plan shall be developed in cooperation with metropolitan planning organizations designated for metropolitan areas in the State under section 134. With respect to areas of the State under the jurisdiction of an Indian tribal government, the plan shall be developed in cooperation with such government and the Secretary of the Interior. In developing the plan, the State shall provide citizens, affected public agencies, representatives of transportation agency employees, other affected employee representatives, private providers of transportation, and other interested parties with a reasonable opportunity to comment on the proposed plan. In addition, the State shall develop a long-range plan for bicycle transportation and pedestrian walkways for appropriate areas of the State which shall be incorporated into the long-range transportation plan."Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105-178, §1204(f), amended heading and text of subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, text related to transportation improvement programs, including program development, requirement for inclusion of certain projects for State transportation improvement program, project selection for areas less than 50,000 population, and requirement of biennial review and approval.Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105-178, §1204(g), which directed substitution of "section 505(a)" for "section 307(c)(1)" in section 134(g), was executed by making the substitution in subsec. (g) of this section to reflect the probable intent of Congress.Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105-178, §1204(h), added subsec. (i).1994-Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 103-429, §3(6)(A), substituted "chapter 53 of title 49" for "the Federal Transit Act".Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103-429, §3(6)(B), substituted "sections 5303-5306 and 5323(k) of title 49" for "section 8 of the Federal Transit Act, United States Code" and "section 8 of such Act". 1991- Pub. L. 102-240 substituted section catchline for one which read: "Traffic operations improvement programs", and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:"(a) The Congress hereby finds and declares it to be in the national interest that each State shall have a continuing program designed to reduce traffic congestion and facilitate the flow of traffic."(b) The Secretary may approve under this section any project for improvements on any public road which project will directly facilitate and control traffic flow on any of the Federal-aid systems."1976- Pub. L. 94-280 struck out introductory words "Urban area" in section catchline. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94-280 struck out "within the designated boundaries of urban areas of the State" and "in the urban areas" after "continuing program" and "flow of traffic", respectively. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94-280 substituted "any project for improvements on any public road which project will directly facilitate and control traffic flow on any of the Federal-aid systems" for "any project on an extension of the Federal-aid primary or secondary system in urban areas and on the Federal-aid urban system for improvements which directly facilitate and control traffic flow, such as grade separation of intersections, widening of lanes, channelization of traffic, traffic control systems, and loading and unloading ramps. If such project is located in an urban area of more than fifty thousand population, such project shall be based on a continuing comprehensive transportation planning process carried on in accordance with section 134 of this title".Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94-280 struck out subsec. (c) which provided for an annual report by the Secretary on projects approved under this section with recommendations for further improvement of traffic operations in accordance with this section. 1973-Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 93-87 struck out subsec. (c) which provided for apportionment of sums authorized to carry out this section in accordance with section 104(b)(3) of this title, and redesignated subsec. (d) as (c).1970-Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91-605 inserted reference to the Federal-aid urban system and required that projects under this section be based on a continuing comprehensive transportation planning process carried on in accordance with section 134 of this title only in urban areas of more than fifty thousand population.
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2021 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 117-58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117-58 set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2015 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 114-94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114-94 set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2012 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 112-141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112-141 set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1991 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 102-240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102-240 set out as a note under section 104 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATESection effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90-495 set out as an Effective Date of 1968 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS Pub. L. 105-178, title I, §1204(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 184, directed the Secretary to conduct a study on the effectiveness of the participation of local elected officials in transportation planning and programming, and to transmit to Congress, not later than 2 years after June 9, 1998, a report containing the results of the study and any appropriate recommendations.
ADVANCED TRAVEL FORECASTING PROCEDURES PROGRAM Pub. L. 109-59, title V, §55125512,, 119 Stat. 1828, as amended by Pub. L. 110-244, title I, §111(g)(2), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1605, provided that:"(a) CONTINUATION AND ACCELERATION OF TRANSIMS DEPLOYMENT.-"(1) IN GENERAL.-The Secretary [of Transportation] shall accelerate the deployment of the advanced transportation model known as the 'Transportation Analysis Simulation System' (in this section referred to as 'TRANSIMS'), developed by the Los Alamos National Laboratory."(2) PROGRAM APPLICATION.-The purpose of the program is to assist State departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations-"(A) to implement TRANSIMS; "(B) to develop methods for TRANSIMS applications to transportation planning, air quality analysis, regulatory compliance, and response to natural disasters and other transportation disruptions; and"(C) to provide training and technical assistance for the implementation of TRANSIMS."(b) REQUIRED ACTIVITIES.-The Secretary [of Transportation] shall use funds made available to carry out this section to-"(1) provide funding to State departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations serving transportation management areas designated under chapter 52 [53] of title 49, United States Code, representing a diversity of populations, geographic regions, and analytic needs to implement TRANSIMS;"(2) develop methods to demonstrate a wide spectrum of TRANSIMS applications to support local, metropolitan, statewide transportation planning, including integrating highway and transit operational considerations into the transportation Planning process, and estimating the effects of induced travel demand and transit ridership in making transportation conformity determinations where applicable;"(3) provide training and technical assistance with respect to the implementation and application of TRANSIMS to States, local governments, and metropolitan planning organizations with responsibility for travel modeling;"(4) to further develop TRANSIMS for additional applications, including-"(A) congestion analyses;"(B) major investment studies; "(C) economic impact analyses;"(D) alternative analyses;"(E) freight movement studies; "(F) emergency evacuation studies;"(G) port studies;"(H) airport access studies;"(I) induced demand studies; and"(J) transit ridership analysis."(c) ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES.-The program may support the development of methods to plan for the transportation response to chemical and biological terrorism and other security concerns."(d) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.-Not more than 75 percent of the funds made available to carry out this section may be allocated to activities described in subsection (b)(1)."(e) FUNDING.-Of the amounts made available by section 5101(a)(1) of this Act [119 Stat. 1779], $2,625,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2009 shall be available to carry out this section." Pub. L. 105-178, title I, §12101210,, 112 Stat. 187, provided that:"(a) ESTABLISHMENT.-The Secretary shall establish an advanced travel forecasting procedures program- "(1) to provide for completion of the advanced transportation model developed under the Transportation Analysis Simulation System (referred to in this section as 'TRANSIMS'); and"(2) to provide support for early deployment of the advanced transportation modeling computer software and graphics package developed under TRANSIMS and the program established under this section to States, local governments, and metropolitan planning organizations with responsibility for travel modeling."(b) ELIGIBLE ACTIVITIES.-The Secretary shall use funds made available under this section to-"(1) provide funding for completion of core development of the advanced transportation model;"(2) develop user-friendly advanced transportation modeling computer software and graphics packages;"(3) provide training and technical assistance with respect to the implementation and application of the advanced transportation model to States, local governments, and metropolitan planning organizations with responsibility for travel modeling; and "(4) allocate funds to not more than 12 entities described in paragraph (3), representing a diversity of populations and geographic regions, for a pilot program to enable transportation management areas designated under section 134(i) [now 134(k)] of title 23, United States Code, to convert from the use of travel forecasting procedures in use by the areas as of the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998] to the use of the advanced transportation model."(c) FUNDING.-"(1) IN GENERAL.-There are authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out this section $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1998, $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $6,500,000 for fiscal year 2000, $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2001, $4,000,000 for fiscal year 2002, and $2,500,000 for fiscal year 2003."(2) ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.-"(A) FISCAL YEARS 1998 AND 1999.-For each of fiscal years 1998 and 1999, 100 percent of the funds made available under paragraph (1) shall be allocated to activities as described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of subsection (b)."(B) FISCAL YEARS 2000 THROUGH 2003.-For each of fiscal years 2000 through 2003, not more than 50 percent of the funds made available under paragraph (1) may be allocated to activities described in subsection (b)(4)."(3) CONTRACT AUTHORITY.-Funds authorized under this subsection shall be available for obligation in the same manner as if the funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, except that the Federal share of the cost of-"(A) any activity described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (b) shall not exceed 100 percent; and"(B) any activity described in subsection (b)(4) shall not exceed 80 percent."
DEMONSTRATION PROJECT FOR AUTOMATED ROADWAY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMPub. L. 95-599, title I, §154, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2716, authorized the Secretary of Transportation to carry out a demonstration project for the use of an automated roadway management system to increase roadway capacity without adding additional lanes of pavement and authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1979 to 1981.
TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALIZATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECTSPub. L. 94-280, title I, §146, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 446, authorized the Secretary of Transportation to carry out traffic control signalization demonstration projects, appropriated funds for fiscal years 1977 and 1978, and required participating States and the Secretary to submit reports on the progress of such projects.
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONSPub. L. 89-285, title III, §304, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1033, as amended by Pub. L. 97-449, §2(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, authorized an appropriation of $500,000 to the Secretary for highway safety programs under this section.
DEFINITIONSFor additional definitions of terms used in this section, see section 134 of this title.