shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than $500,000 or twice the value of the property involved in the transaction, whichever is greater, or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both. For purposes of this paragraph, a financial transaction shall be considered to be one involving the proceeds of specified unlawful activity if it is part of a set of parallel or dependent transactions, any one of which involves the proceeds of specified unlawful activity, and all of which are part of a single plan or arrangement.
shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than $500,000 or twice the value of the monetary instrument or funds involved in the transportation, transmission, or transfer, whichever is greater, or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both. For the purpose of the offense described in subparagraph (B), the defendant's knowledge may be established by proof that a law enforcement officer represented the matter specified in subparagraph (B) as true, and the defendant's subsequent statements or actions indicate that the defendant believed such representations to be true.
conducts or attempts to conduct a financial transaction involving property represented to be the proceeds of specified unlawful activity, or property used to conduct or facilitate specified unlawful activity, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both. For purposes of this paragraph and paragraph (2), the term "represented" means any representation made by a law enforcement officer or by another person at the direction of, or with the approval of, a Federal official authorized to investigate or prosecute violations of this section.
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES
1 So in original. The second closing parenthesis probably should not appear.
2 So in original. Probably should be preceded by "section".
3 See References in Text note below.
18 U.S.C. § 1956
EDITORIAL NOTES
REFERENCES IN TEXTSections 7201 and 7206 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(A)(ii), are classified, respectively, to sections 7201 and 7206 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.The Controlled Substances Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(B)(i), (D), is title II of Pub. L. 91-513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1242, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§801 et seq.) of chapter 13 of Title 21, Food and Drugs. Section 422 of the Act is classified to section 863 of Title 21. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 801 of Title 21 and Tables.The Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), is subtitle A (§6051-6061) of title VI of Pub. L. 100-690, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4312. For complete classification of subtitle A to the Code, see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note set out under section 801 of Title 21, Food and Drugs, and Tables.Section 38(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 2778(c) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.Section 11 of the Export Administration Act of 1979, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), was classified to section 4610 of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115-232, §1766, 132 Stat. 2232. Provisions relating to penalties are covered generally in section 4819 of Title 50, as enacted by Pub. L. 115-232.Section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 1705 of Title 50.Section 16 of the Trading with the Enemy Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 4315 of Title 50.Section 15 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 2024 of Title 7, Agriculture.Section 543(a)(1) of the Housing Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), is classified to section 1490s(a)(1) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. The Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), is act June 8, 1938, ch. 327, 52 Stat. 631, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§ 611 et seq.) of chapter 11 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 611 of Title 22 and Tables.The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), probably means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, title I of Pub. L. 95-213, Dec. 19, 1977, 91 Stat. 1494, which enacted sections 78dd-1 to 78dd-3 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and amended sections 78m and 78ff of Title 15. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1977 Amendment note set out under section 78a of Title 15 and Tables.Section 104(a) of the North Korea Sanctions Enforcement Act of 2016, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(D), probably means section 104(a) of the North Korea Sanctions and Policy Enhancement Act of 2016, which is classified to section 9214(a) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(E), is act June 30, 1948, ch. 758, as amended generally by Pub. L. 92-500, §2, Oct. 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 816, which is classified generally to chapter 26 (§1251 et seq.) of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1251 of Title 33 and Tables. The Ocean Dumping Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(E), probably means title I of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, Pub. L. 92-532, Oct. 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 1053, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§1411 et seq.) of chapter 27 of Title 33. For complete classification of title I to the Code, see Tables.The Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(E), is Pub. L. 96-478, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2297, which is classified principally to chapter 33 (§1901 et seq.) of Title 33. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1901 of Title 33 and Tables.The Safe Drinking Water Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(E), is title XIV of act July 1, 1944, as added Dec. 16, 1974, Pub. L. 93-523, §2(a), 88 Stat. 1660, which is classified generally to subchapter XII (§300f et seq.) of chapter 6A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.The Resources Conservation and Recovery Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(E), probably means the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Pub. L. 94-580, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2796, which is classified generally to chapter 82 (§6901 et seq.) of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1976 Amendment note set out under section 6901 of Title 42 and Tables.
CODIFICATIONPub. L. 110-234 and Pub. L. 110-246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110-234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110-246.
AMENDMENTS2022-Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 117-159 substituted "section 924(n), 932, or 933" for "section 924(n)".Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 117-263 added subsec. (j). 2016-Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 114-122 substituted "section 92 of" for "or section 92 of" and inserted at end ", or section 104(a) of the North Korea Sanctions Enforcement Act of 2016 (relating to prohibited activities with respect to North Korea);".Subsec. (c)(7)(G). Pub. L. 114-231 added subpar. (G).2012-Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 112-127 inserted "section 555 (relating to border tunnels)," after "section 554 (relating to smuggling goods from the United States),".2009-Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 111-21 added par. (9).2008-Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 110-358 inserted "section 2252A (relating to child pornography) where the child pornography contains a visual depiction of an actual minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct, section 2260 (production of certain child pornography for importation into the United States)," before "section 2280". Pub. L. 110-246, §4115(c)(1)(A)(i), (B)(ii), substituted "benefits" for "coupons". Pub. L. 110-246, §4002(b)(1)(B), (D), (2)(M), substituted "Food and Nutrition Act of 2008" for "Food Stamp Act of 1977" and "supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits" for "food stamp".2006-Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109-177, §405, inserted last sentence.Subsec. (b)(3), (4)(A). Pub. L. 109-177, §406(a)(2), struck out "described in paragraph (2)" after "A court".Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 109-164 added cl. (vii).Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 109-177, §409, inserted ", section 2339C (relating to financing of terrorism), or section 2339D (relating to receiving military-type training from a foreign terrorist organization)" after "section 2339A or 2339B (relating to providing material support to terrorists)" and struck out "or" before "section 2339A or 2339B". Pub. L. 109-177, §403(b), which directed amendment of subsec. (c)(7)(D) by substituting "any felony violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act" for "or any felony violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act", could not be executed because of the amendment by Pub. L. 108-458, §6909(3) . See 2004 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 109-177, §311(c), inserted "section 554 (relating to smuggling goods from the United States)," before "section 641 (relating to public money, property, or records),".Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109-177, §403(c)(1), amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: "Violations of this section may be investigated by such components of the Department of Justice as the Attorney General may direct, and by such components of the Department of the Treasury as the Secretary of the Treasury may direct, as appropriate and, with respect to offenses over which the United States Postal Service has jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postal Service shall be exercised in accordance with an agreement which shall be entered into by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Postal Service, and the Attorney General. Violations of this section involving offenses described in paragraph (c)(7)(E) may be investigated by such components of the Department of Justice as the Attorney General may direct, and the National Enforcement Investigations Center of the Environmental Protection Agency."2004-Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 108-458, §6909(3), struck out "or" after "any felony violation of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938," and substituted ", or section 92 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2122) (relating to prohibitions governing atomic weapons)" for semicolon at end. Pub. L. 108-458, §6909(2), which directed the insertion of "section 2332g (relating to missile systems designed to destroy aircraft), section 2332h (relating to radiological dispersal devices)," after "section 2332(b) (relating to international terrorist acts transcending national boundaries)," was executed by making the insertion after text which contained the words "section 2332b" rather than "section 2332(b)", to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Pub. L. 108-458, §6909(1), inserted "section 175c (relating to the variola virus)," before "section 215". 2002-Subsec. (c)(6)(B). Pub. L. 107-273, §4005(d)(1), substituted semicolon for period at end.Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 107-273, §4002(b)(5)(A), realigned margins. Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 107-273, §4005(e), repealed Pub. L. 107-56, §805(b) . See 2001 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 107-273, §4002(c)(2), substituted "services)," for "services),," and "Code," for "Code,,". Pub. L. 107-273, §4002(b)(5)(B), struck out "or" at end. Pub. L. 107-273, §4002(a) (11), made technical corrections to directory language of Pub. L. 104-132, §726(2) . See 1996 Amendment note below.Subsec. (c)(7)(E). Pub. L. 107-273, §4002(b)(5)(C), substituted "; or" for period at end.Subsec. (c)(7)(F). Pub. L. 107-273, §4002(b)(5)(D), substituted "any" for "Any" and semicolon for period at end.2001-Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107-56, §317, inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading and inserted ", or section 1957" after "or (a)(3)" in introductory provisions, redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, of par. (1), realigned margins, and added pars. (2) to (4).Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 107-56, §318, added par. (6) and struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: "the term 'financial institution' has the definition given that term in section 5312(a)(2) of title 31, United States Code, or the regulations promulgated thereunder;".Subsec. (c)(7)(B). Pub. L. 107-56, §315(1), substituted "destruction of property by means of explosive or fire, or a crime of violence (as defined in section 16)" for "or destruction of property by means of explosive or fire" in cl. (ii), inserted a closing parenthesis after "1978" in cl. (iii), and added cls. (iv) to (vi).Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 107-56, §376, inserted "or 2339B" after "2339A". Pub. L. 107-56, §805(b), which amended subpar. (D) identically, was repealed by Pub. L. 107-273, §4005(e) . Pub. L. 107-56, §315(2), inserted "section 541 (relating to goods falsely classified)," before "section 542", "section 922(l) (relating to the unlawful importation of firearms), section 924(n) (relating to firearms trafficking)," before "section 956", "section 1030 (relating to computer fraud and abuse)," before "1032", and "any felony violation of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938," before "or any felony violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act". Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 107-56, §1004, added subsec. (i). 2000-Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 106-569 inserted "any violation of section 543(a)(1) of the Housing Act of 1949 (relating to equity skimming)," after "coupons having a value of not less than $5,000,". 1996-Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 104-132, §726(1), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: "kidnapping, robbery, or extortion; or".Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 104-294, §601(f)(6), struck out one closing parenthesis after "1978".Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 104-294, §604(b) (38), amended directory language of Pub. L. 103-322, §320104(b) . See 1994 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 104-132, §726(2), as amended by Pub. L. 107-273, §4002(a) (11), inserted "section 32 (relating to the destruction of aircraft), section 37 (relating to violence at international airports), section 115 (relating to influencing, impeding, or retaliating against a Federal official by threatening or injuring a family member)," after "an offense under", "section 351 (relating to congressional or Cabinet officer assassination)," after "section 215 (relating to commissions or gifts for procuring loans),", "section 831 (relating to prohibited transactions involving nuclear materials), section 844(f) or (i) (relating to destruction by explosives or fire of Government property or property affecting interstate or foreign commerce)," after "798 (relating to espionage),", "section 956 (relating to conspiracy to kill, kidnap, maim, or injure certain property in a foreign country)," after "section 875 (relating to interstate communications),", "section 1111 (relating to murder), section 1114 (relating to murder of United States law enforcement officials), section 1116 (relating to murder of foreign officials, official guests, or internationally protected persons)," after "1032 (relating to concealment of assets from conservator, receiver, or liquidating agent of financial institution),", "section 1361 (relating to willful injury of Government property), section 1363 (relating to destruction of property within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction)," after "section 1203 (relating to hostage taking),", "section 1751 (relating to Presidential assassination)," after "1708 (theft from the mail),", "section 2280 (relating to violence against maritime navigation), section 2281 (relating to violence against maritime fixed platforms)," after "2114 (relating to bank and postal robbery and theft),", and substituted "section 2320" for "or section 2320" and ", section 2332 (relating to terrorist acts abroad against United States nationals), section 2332a (relating to use of weapons of mass destruction), section 2332b (relating to international terrorist acts transcending national boundaries), or section 2339A (relating to providing material support to terrorists) of this title, section 46502 of title 49, United States Code," for "of this title".Subsec. (c)(7)(F). Pub. L. 104-191 added subpar. (F). 1994-Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103-325, §413(c)(1)(A) (ii), substituted "transfer" for "transfer." in concluding provisions and two times in subpar. (B). Pub. L. 103-322, §330019(a)(3), and Pub. L. 103-325, §413(c)(1)(A)(i), amended par. (2) identically, inserting "not more than" before "$500,000" in concluding provisions.Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103-325, §413(c)(1)(B), inserted "or (a)(3)" after "(a)(1)" and substituted "transfer" for "transfer."Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 103-322, §330021(1), substituted "kidnapping" for "kidnaping".Subsec. (c)(7)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 103-322, §330019(a)(1), and Pub. L. 103-325, §413(c)(1)(C), each amended cl. (iii) by inserting a closing parenthesis after "1978".Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 103-322, §330019(b), and Pub. L. 103-325, §413(c)(1)(D), amended subpar. (D) identically, substituting "section 15 of the Food Stamp Act of 1977" for "section 9(c) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977". Pub. L. 103-322, §330011(l), and Pub. L. 103-325, §413(d), made identical amendments repealing Pub. L. 101-647, §3557(2)(E) . See 1990 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 103-322, §320104(b), as amended by Pub. L. 104-294, §604(b) (38), substituted "section 2319 (relating to copyright infringement), or section 2320 (relating to trafficking in counterfeit goods and services)," for "or section 2319 (relating to copyright infringement)".Subsec. (c)(7)(E). Pub. L. 103-322, §330012, and Pub. L. 103-325, §413(c)(1)(E), amended subpar. (E) identically, striking out second period at end.Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103-322, §330008(2), and Pub. L. 103-325, §413(c)(1)(F), amended subsec. (e) identically, substituting "Environmental Protection Agency" for "Evironmental Protection Agency".Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103-325, §411(c)(2)(E), in subsec. (g) relating to notice of conviction of financial institutions, substituted "section 5322 or 5324 of title 31" for "section 5322 of title 31". Pub. L. 103-322, §330019(a)(2), and Pub. L. 103-325, §413(c)(1)(G), made identical amendments redesignating subsec. (g) relating to penalty for money laundering conspiracies as (h). Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103-322, §330019(a)(2), and Pub. L. 103-325, §413(c)(1)(G), made identical amendments redesignating subsec. (g) relating to penalty for money laundering conspiracies as (h). 1992-Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102-550, §1531(a), substituted "transportation, transmission, or transfer." for "transportation" wherever appearing in subpar. (B) and concluding provisions. Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102-550, §1531(b), in concluding provisions, substituted "property represented to be the proceeds" for "property represented by a law enforcement officer to be the proceeds".Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102-550, §1531(a), substituted "transportation, transmission, or transfer." for "transportation" in introductory provisions. Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102-550, §1527(a)(2), inserted "use of a safe deposit box," before "or any other payment".Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 102-550, §1527(a)(1), added clause (iii), struck out "which in any way or degree affects interstate or foreign commerce," after "or aircraft," and inserted "which in any way or degree affects interstate or foreign commerce" after "(A) or transaction".Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 102-550, §1526(a), substituted "or the regulations" for "and the regulations".Subsec. (c)(7)(B). Pub. L. 102-550, §1536, designated part of existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cls. (ii) and (iii).Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 102-550, §§1524, 1534 (1), (2), struck out "1341 (relating to mail fraud) or section 1343 (relating to wire fraud) affecting a financial institution, section 1344 (relating to bank fraud)," after "hostage taking),", inserted "section 1708 (theft from the mail)," before "section 2113", substituted "section 422 of the Controlled Substances Act" for "section 1822 of the Mail Order Drug Paraphernalia Control Act (100 Stat. 3207-51; 21 U.S.C. 857)", and struck out "or" before "section 16". Pub. L. 102-550, §1534(3), which directed insertion of ", any felony violation of section 9(c) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 (relating to food stamp fraud) involving a quantity of coupons having a value of not less than $5,000, or any felony violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act" before semicolon, was executed by making insertion before semicolon at end to reflect the probable intent of Congress.Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102-550, §1530, added subsec. (g) relating to penalty for money laundering conspiracies. Pub. L. 102-550, §1504(c), added subsec. (g) relating to notice of conviction of financial institutions. 1990-Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101-647, §108(1), inserted at end "For the purpose of the offense described in subparagraph (B), the defendant's knowledge may be established by proof that a law enforcement officer represented the matter specified in subparagraph (B) as true, and the defendant's subsequent statements or actions indicate that the defendant believed such representations to be true."Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101-647, §108(2), inserted "and paragraph (2)" after "this paragraph" in last sentence.Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101-647, §106, substituted "State, Federal, or foreign" for "State or Federal". Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 101-647, §1402, inserted "(A)" before "a transaction" the first place it appears, "(B)" before "a transaction" the second place it appears, "(i)" before "involving" the first place it appears, and "(ii)" before "involving" the second place it appears. Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 101-647, §105, amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: "the term 'monetary instruments' means coin or currency of the United States or of any other country, travelers" checks, personal checks, bank checks, money orders, investment securities in bearer form or otherwise in such form that title thereto passes upon delivery, and negotiable instruments in bearer form or otherwise in such form that title thereto passes upon delivery;".Subsec. (c)(7)(A). Pub. L. 101-647, §3557(1), substituted "subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31" for "the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act". Subsec. (c)(7)(C). Pub. L. 101-647, §1404(a)(1), struck out "or" at end.Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 101-647, §3557(2)(A) -(D), substituted "section 2113" for "or section 2113", substituted "theft), or" for "theft) of this title,", inserted "of this title" after "2319 (relating to copyright infringement)", and substituted "paraphernalia" for "paraphenalia". Pub. L. 101-647, §3557(2)(E), which directed the amendment of subpar. (D) by striking the final period, was repealed by Pub. L. 103-322, §330011(l), and Pub. L. 103-325, §413(d) . Pub. L. 101-647, §2506(2), inserted "section 1341 (relating to mail fraud) or section 1343 (relating to wire fraud) affecting a financial institution," after "section 1203 (relating to hostage taking),". Pub. L. 101-647, §2506(1), inserted "section 1005 (relating to fraudulent bank entries), 1006 (relating to fraudulent Federal credit institution entries), 1007 (relating to Federal Deposit Insurance transactions), 1014 (relating to fraudulent loan or credit applications), 1032 (relating to concealment of assets from conservator, receiver, or liquidating agent of financial institution)," after "section 875 (relating to interstate communications),". Pub. L. 101-647, §1404(a)(2), inserted "; or" after "Trading with the Enemy Act" at end. Pub. L. 101-647, §107, substituted "a felony violation of the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988" for "section 310 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 830)".Subsec. (c)(7)(E). Pub. L. 101-647, §1404(a)(2), inserted heading and added subpar. (E).Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 101-647, §1205(j), added par. (8).Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101-647, §1404(b), inserted at end "Violations of this section involving offenses described in paragraph (c)(7)(E) may be investigated by such components of the Department of Justice as the Attorney General may direct, and the National Enforcement Investigations Center of the Evironmental [sic] Protection Agency."1988-Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 100-690, §6471(a), amended subpar. (A) generally, designating existing provisions as cl. (i) and adding cl. (ii).Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100-690, §6471(b), substituted "transports, transmits, or transfers, or attempts to transport, transmit, or transfer" for "transports or attempts to transport" in introductory provisions.Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100-690, §6465, added par. (3).Subsec. (c)(7)(D). Pub. L. 100-690, §7031, substituted "section 513" for "section 511" and "section 545" for "section 543" and inserted "section 657 (relating to lending, credit, and insurance institutions), section 658 (relating to property mortgaged or pledged to farm credit agencies),".Pub. L. 100-690, §6466, inserted "section 542 (relating to entry of goods by means of false statements),", "section 549 (relating to removing goods from Customs custody),", and "section 2319 (relating to copyright infringement), section 310 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 830) (relating to precursor and essential chemicals), section 590 of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1590) (relating to aviation smuggling), section 1822 of the Mail Order Drug Paraphernalia Control Act (100 Stat. 3207-51; 21 U.S.C. 857) (relating to transportation of drug paraphenalia [sic]),".Pub. L. 100-690, §6183, substituted "section 38(c) (relating to criminal violations) of the Arms Export Control Act, section 11 (relating to violations) of the Export Administration Act of 1979, section 206 (relating to penalties) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, or section 16 (relating to offenses and punishment) of the Trading with the Enemy Act." for "section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778), section 2 (relating to criminal penalties) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (50 U.S.C. App. 2401), section 203 (relating to criminal sanctions) of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702), or section 3 (relating to criminal violations) of the Trading with the Enemy Act (50 U.S.C. App. 3)".Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100-690, §6469(a)(1), substituted "and, with respect to offenses over which the United States Postal Service has jurisdiction, by the Postal Service. Such authority of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postal Service shall be exercised in accordance with an agreement which shall be entered into by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Postal Service, and the Attorney General." for ". Such authority of the Secretary of the Treasury shall be exercised in accordance with an agreement which shall be entered into by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General."
STATUTORY NOTES AND RELATED SUBSIDIARIES
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2022 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 117-263, §5904, 136 Stat. 3441, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to-"(1) conduct that occurred before the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022] for which the applicable statute of limitations has not expired; and"(2) conduct that occurred on or after the date of enactment of this Act."
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110-234 by Pub. L. 110-246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110-234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110-246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture. Amendment by sections 4002(b)(1)(B), (D), (2)(M), and 4115(c)(1)(A)(i), (B)(ii) of Pub. L. 110-246 effective Oct. 1, 2008, see section 4407 of Pub. L. 110-246, set out as a note under section 1161 of Title 2, The Congress.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 107-273, §4002, 116 Stat. 1807, provided that the amendment made by section 4002(a)(11) is effective Apr. 24, 1996. Pub. L. 107-273, §4005, 116 Stat. 1813, provided that the amendment made by section 4005(e) is effective Oct. 26, 2001.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 604(b)(38) of Pub. L. 104-294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104-294, set out as a note under section 13 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1994 AMENDMENTS Pub. L. 103-322, §330011, 108 Stat. 2145, and Pub. L. 103-325, §413, 108 Stat. 2255, provided that the repeal of section 3557(2)(E) of Pub. L. 101-647 made by those sections is effective as of the date of enactment of Pub. L. 101-647, which was approved Nov. 29, 1990.
RULE OF CONSTRUCTIONNothing in amendment made by Pub. L. 117-159 to be construed to allow the establishment of a Federal system of registration of firearms, firearms owners, or firearms transactions or dispositions, see section 12004(k) of Pub. L. 117-159, set out as a note under section 922 of this title.