Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 12.01

Current with legislation from the 2023 Regular and Special Sessions signed by the Governor as of November 21, 2023.

Section 12.01 - Felonies

Except as provided in Articles 12.015 and 12.03, felony indictments may be presented within these limits, and not afterward:

(1) no limitation:

(A) murder and manslaughter;

(B) sexual assault under Section 22.011(a)(2), Penal Code, or aggravated sexual assault under Section 22.021(a)(1)(B), Penal Code;

(C) sexual assault, if:

(i) during the investigation of the offense biological matter is collected and the matter:

(a) has not yet been subjected to forensic DNA testing; or

(b) has been subjected to forensic DNA testing and the testing results show that the matter does not match the victim or any other person whose identity is readily ascertained; or

(ii) probable cause exists to believe that the defendant has committed the same or a similar sex offense against five or more victims;

(D) continuous sexual abuse of young child or disabled individual under Section 21.02, Penal Code;

(E) indecency with a child under Section 21.11, Penal Code;

(F) an offense involving leaving the scene of a collision under Section 550.021, Transportation Code, if the collision resulted in the death of a person;

(G) trafficking of persons under Section 20A.02(a)(7) or (8), Penal Code;

(H) continuous trafficking of persons under Section 20A.03, Penal Code;

(I) compelling prostitution under Section 43.05(a)(2), Penal Code; or

(J)[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 127]
tampering with physical evidence under Section 37.09(a)(1) or (d)(1), Penal Code, if:

(i) the evidence tampered with is a human corpse, as defined by that section; or

(ii) the investigation of the offense shows that a reasonable person in the position of the defendant at the time of the commission of the offense would have cause to believe that the evidence tampered with is related to a criminal homicide under Chapter 19, Penal Code;

(J)[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 520]
interference with child custody under Section 25.03(a)(3), Penal Code;

(J)[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 704]
burglary under Section 30.02, Penal Code, if:

(i) the offense is punishable under Subsection (d) of that section because the defendant entered a habitation with the intent to commit an offense under Section 22.011 or 22.021, Penal Code; and

(ii) during the investigation of the offense biological matter is collected and the matter:

(a) has not yet been subjected to forensic DNA testing; or

(b) has been subjected to forensic DNA testing and the testing results show that the matter does not match the victim or any other person whose identity is readily ascertained;

(2) ten years from the date of the commission of the offense:

(A) theft of any estate, real, personal or mixed, by an executor, administrator, guardian or trustee, with intent to defraud any creditor, heir, legatee, ward, distributee, beneficiary or settlor of a trust interested in such estate;

(B) theft by a public servant of government property over which the public servant exercises control in the public servant's official capacity;

(C) forgery or the uttering, using, or passing of forged instruments;

(D) injury to an elderly or disabled individual punishable as a felony of the first degree under Section 22.04, Penal Code;

(E) sexual assault, except as provided by Subdivision (1) or (8) ;

(F) arson;

(G) trafficking of persons under Section 20A.02(a)(1), (2), (3), or (4), Penal Code; or

(H) compelling prostitution under Section 43.05(a)(1), Penal Code;

(3) seven years from the date of the commission of the offense:

(A) misapplication of fiduciary property or property of a financial institution;

(B) fraudulent securing of document execution;

(C) a felony violation under Chapter 162, Tax Code;

(D) false statement to obtain property or credit under Section 32.32, Penal Code;

(E) money laundering;

(F) credit card or debit card abuse under Section 32.31, Penal Code;

(G) fraudulent use or possession of identifying information under Section 32.51, Penal Code;

(H) exploitation of a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual under Section 32.53, Penal Code;

(I) health care fraud under Section 35A.02, Penal Code; or

(J) bigamy under Section 25.01, Penal Code, except as provided by(7) ); or

(K) possession or promotion of child pornography under Section 43.26, Penal Code;

(4)[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 118]
five years from the date of the commission of the offense:

(A) theft or robbery;

(B) except as provided by Subdivision (5), kidnapping or burglary;

(C) injury to an elderly or disabled individual that is not punishable as a felony of the first degree under Section 22.04, Penal Code;

(D) abandoning or endangering a child;

(E) insurance fraud;

(F) assault under Section 22.01, Penal Code, if the assault was committed against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code;

(G) continuous violence against the family under Section 25.11, Penal Code; or

(H) aggravated assault under Section 22.02, Penal Code;

(4)[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 689]
five years from the date of the commission of the offense:

(A) theft or robbery;

(B) except as provided by Subdivision (5), kidnapping or burglary;

(C) injury to an elderly or disabled individual that is not punishable as a felony of the first degree under Section 22.04, Penal Code; or

(D)

insurance fraud;

(4)[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 704]
five years from the date of the commission of the offense:

(A) theft or robbery;

(B) except as provided by Subdivision (5), kidnapping ;

(B-1) except as provided by Subdivision (1) or (5), burglary;

(C) injury to an elderly or disabled individual that is not punishable as a felony of the first degree under Section 22.04, Penal Code;

(D) abandoning or endangering a child; or

(E) insurance fraud;

(4)[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 830]
five years from the date of the commission of the offense:

(A) theft or robbery;

(B) except as provided by Subdivision (5), kidnapping or burglary;

(C) injury to an elderly or disabled individual that is not punishable as a felony of the first degree under Section 22.04, Penal Code;

(D) abandoning or endangering a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual; or

(E) insurance fraud;

(5)[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 422]
if the investigation of the offense shows that the victim is younger than 17 years of age at the time the offense is committed, 20 years from the 18th birthday of the victim of one of the following offenses:

(A)

aggravated kidnapping under Section 20.04(a)(4), Penal Code, if the defendant committed the offense with the intent to violate or abuse the victim sexually; or

(B) burglary under Section 30.02, Penal Code, if the offense is punishable under Subsection (d) of that section and the defendant committed the offense with the intent to commit an offense described by Subdivision (1)(B) or (D) of this article or Paragraph (A) of this subdivision;

(5)[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 520]
if the investigation of the offense shows that the victim is younger than 17 years of age at the time the offense is committed, 20 years from the 18th birthday of the victim of one of the following offenses:

(A) sexual performance by a child under Section 43.25, Penal Code;

(B) kidnapping under Section 20.03, Penal Code, or aggravated kidnapping under Section 20.04 , Penal Code; or

(C) burglary under Section 30.02, Penal Code, if the offense is punishable under Subsection (d) of that section and the defendant committed the offense with the intent to commit an offense described by Subdivision (1)(B) or (D) of this article or Paragraph (B) of this subdivision;

(5)[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 704]
if the investigation of the offense shows that the victim is younger than 17 years of age at the time the offense is committed, 20 years from the 18th birthday of the victim of one of the following offenses:

(A) sexual performance by a child under Section 43.25, Penal Code;

(B) aggravated kidnapping under Section 20.04(a)(4), Penal Code, if the defendant committed the offense with the intent to violate or abuse the victim sexually; or

(C) subject to Subdivision (1)(J), burglary under Section 30.02, Penal Code, if the offense is punishable under Subsection (d) of that section because the defendant entered a habitation with the intent to commit an offense described by Subdivision (1)(B) or (D) of this article or Paragraph (B) of this subdivision;

(6)[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 93]
ten years from the 18th birthday of the victim of the offense:

(A) trafficking of a child under Section 20A.02(a)(5) or (6), Penal Code;

(B) injury to a child under Section 22.04, Penal Code; or

(C) bigamy under Section 25.01, Penal Code, if the investigation of the offense shows that the person, other than the legal spouse of the defendant, whom the defendant marries or purports to marry or with whom the defendant lives under the appearance of being married is younger than 18 years of age at the time the offense is committed;

(6)[As added by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 93]
20 years from the 18th birthday of the victim of one of the following offenses:

(A) trafficking of persons under Section 20A.02(a)(5) or (6), Penal Code; or

(B) sexual performance by a child under Section 43.25, Penal Code;

(7)[As added by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 93]
ten years from the date the offense was discovered: trafficking of a disabled individual under Section 20A.02(a)(5) or (6), Penal Code;

(7)[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 422]
ten years from the 18th birthday of the victim of the offense:

(A)

injury to a child under Section 22.04, Penal Code; or

(B) bigamy under Section 25.01, Penal Code, if the investigation of the offense shows that the person, other than the legal spouse of the defendant, whom the defendant marries or purports to marry or with whom the defendant lives under the appearance of being married is younger than 18 years of age at the time the offense is committed;

[(7)][As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 689]
ten years from the 18th birthday of the victim of the offense:

(A) trafficking of persons under Section 20A.02(a)(5) or (6), Penal Code;

(B) injury to a child under Section 22.04, Penal Code;

(D) abandoning or endangering a child;

(8) two years from the date the offense was discovered: sexual assault punishable as a state jail felony under Section 22.011(f)(2), Penal Code; or

(8)

[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 422]

two years from the date the offense was discovered: sexual assault punishable as a state jail felony under Section 22.011(f)(2), Penal Code; or

(9) three years from the date of the commission of the offense: all other felonies.

(9)

[As amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 422]

three years from the date of the commission of the offense: all other felonies.

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. § 12.01

Amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 704,Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2023, app. so that the change in law made by this Act does not apply to an offense if the prosecution of that offense becomes barred by limitation before the effective date of this Act.

Amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 709,Sec. 119, eff. 9/1/2023.

Amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 830,Sec. 2, eff. 9/1/2023.

Amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 689,Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2023, app. does not apply to an offense if the prosecution of that offense becomes barred by limitation before the effective date of this Act. The prosecution of that offense remains barred as if this Act had not taken effect..

Amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 520,Sec. 2, eff. 9/1/2023, app. does not apply to the prosecution of an offense if that prosecution becomes barred by limitation before the effective date of this Act.

Amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 422,Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2023, app. does not apply to an offense if the prosecution of that offense becomes barred by limitation before the effective date of this Act. The prosecution of that offense remains barred as if this Act had not taken effect.

Amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 1041,Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2023.

Amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 885,Sec. 3, eff. 9/1/2023.

Amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 118,Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2023.

Amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 127,Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2023.

Amended by Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 93,Sec. 2.07, eff. 9/1/2023, app. only to an offense committed on or after the effective date of this Act; an offense was committed before the effective date of this Act if any element of the offense occurred before that date.

Amended by Acts 2021, Texas Acts of the 87th Leg. - Regular Session, ch. 221,Sec. 2.07, eff. 9/1/2021.

Amended by Acts 2019, Texas Acts of the 86th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 436,Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2019.

Amended by Acts 2019, Texas Acts of the 86th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 408,Sec. 2, eff. 9/1/2019.

Amended by Acts 2019, Texas Acts of the 86th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 381,Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2019.

Amended by Acts 2017, Texas Acts of the 85th Leg. - Regular Session, ch. 392,Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2017.

Amended by Acts 2015, Texas Acts of the 84th Leg. - Regular Session, ch. 918,Sec. 2, eff. 9/1/2015.

Amended by Acts 2015, Texas Acts of the 84th Leg. - Regular Session, ch. 332,Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2015.

Amended by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg. - Regular Session, ch. 161,Sec. 3.003, eff. 9/1/2013.

Amended by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1, Sec. 2.03, eff. 9/1/2011.

Amended by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 122, Sec. 2, eff. 9/1/2011.

Amended by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 222, Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2011.

Amended by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620, Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2011.

Reenacted and amended by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87, Sec. 6.001, eff. 9/1/2009.

Reenacted and amended by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1227, Sec. 38, eff. 9/1/2009.

Amended by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 285, Sec. 6, eff. 9/1/2007.

Amended by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593, Sec. 1.03, eff. 9/1/2007.

Amended by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 640, Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2007.

Amended by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 841, Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2007.

Amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1162, Sec. 6, eff. 9/1/2005.

Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 371, Sec. 6, eff. 9/1/2003

Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1276, Sec. 5.001, eff. 9/1/2003.

Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 12, Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2001

Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1479, Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2001

Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1482, Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/2001

Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1285, Sec. 33, eff. 9/1/2000

Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 39, Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/1999

Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 740, Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/1997

Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 476, Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/1995

Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 565, Sec. 6, eff. 9/1/1991

Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 716, Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/1987

Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 330, Sec. 1, eff. 8/26/1985

Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5317, ch. 977, Sec. 7, eff. 9/1/1983

Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 478, ch. 203, Sec. 5, eff. 9/1/1975. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 413, ch. 85, Sec. 1, eff. 9/1/1983

Amended by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 975, ch. 399, Sec. 2(B), eff. 1/1/1974

Acts 1965, 59th Leg., vol. 2, p. 317, ch. 722.

See Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 520, Sec. 1.

See Acts 2023, Texas Acts of the 88th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 1041, Sec. 3.

See Acts 2019, Texas Acts of the 86th Leg.- Regular Session, ch. 408, Sec. 12.

See Acts 2015, Texas Acts of the 84th Leg. - Regular Session, ch. 918, Sec. 4.