Section 560:1-403 - Pleadings; when parties bound by others; noticeIn formal proceedings involving trusts or estates of decedents, minors, protected persons, or incapacitated persons, and in judicially supervised settlements, the following rules shall apply:
(1) Interests to be affected shall be described in pleadings that give reasonable information to owners by name or class, by reference to the instrument creating the interests, or in another appropriate manner;(2) A person shall be bound by an order binding another in the following cases:(A) Orders binding the sole holder or all co-holders of a power of revocation or a presently exercisable general power of appointment, including one in the form of a power of amendment, shall bind other persons to the extent their interests (as objects, takers in default, or otherwise) are subject to the power;(B) To the extent there is no conflict of interest between them or among persons represented, an order binding: (i) A conservator shall bind the person whose estate the conservator controls; (ii) A guardian shall bind the ward if no conservator of the ward's estate has been appointed; (iii) A trustee shall bind beneficiaries of the trust in proceedings to probate a will establishing or adding to a trust, to review the acts or accounts of a former fiduciary, and in proceedings involving creditors or other third parties; (iv) A personal representative shall bind persons interested in the undistributed assets of a decedent's estate in actions or proceedings by or against the estate; and(v) A sole holder or all co-holders of a general testamentary power of appointment shall bind other persons to the extent their interests as objects, takers in default, or otherwise are subject to the power; and(C) Unless otherwise represented, a minor or an incapacitated, unborn, or unascertained person shall be bound by an order to the extent the person's interest is adequately represented by another party having a substantially identical interest in the proceeding;(3) If no conservator or guardian has been appointed, a parent may represent a minor child;(4) Notice is required as follows:(A) The notice as prescribed by section 560:1-401 shall be given to every interested person or to one who can bind an interested person as described in paragraph (2)(A) or (2)(B). Notice may be given both to a person and to another who may bind the person; and(B) Notice is given to unborn or unascertained persons who are not represented under paragraph (2)(A) or (2)(B) by giving notice to all known persons whose interests in the proceedings are substantially identical to those of the unborn or unascertained persons; and(5) At any point in a proceeding, a court may appoint a guardian ad litem to represent the interest of a minor, an incapacitated, unborn, or unascertained person, or a person whose identity or address is unknown, if the court determines that representation of the interest otherwise would be inadequate. If not precluded by conflict of interests, a guardian ad litem may be appointed to represent several persons or interests. The court shall set out its reasons for appointing a guardian ad litem as a part of the record of the proceeding.Amended by L 2023, c 158,§ 8, eff. 6/29/2023.Rules of Court
Pleadings, see Hawaii Probate Rules, part A(II); HPR rules 17, 50.
Guardian ad litem, see HPR rule 28.