Chapter 231 - PLEADING AND PRACTICE

Section 231:6 - Assignee of claim assigned by executor or administrator, proceedings
Section 231:6B - Interest added to damages in tort actions
Section 231:6C - Interest added to damages in contract actions
Section 231:6D - Damages for pain and suffering in tort actions arising out of operation, etc., of motor vehicles; restrictions
Section 231:6E - Definitions applicable to secs. 6E to 6G
Section 231:6F - Costs, expenses and interest for insubstantial, frivolous or bad faith claims or defenses
Section 231:6G - Appeals; motions for expenses for insubstantial, frivolous or bad faith claims or defenses
Section 231:6H - Interest on damages
Section 231:6I - Interest rate; schedule
Section 231:9 - Action to recover possession of real property
Section 231:13A - Invalidity of stipulation waiving service of process or authorizing confession of judgment; vacation of judgment
Section 231:13B - Ad damnum or monetary amount claimed
Section 231:21 - Pleading following answer in abatement
Section 231:22 - Pleading the general issue; evidence
Section 231:31 - Equitable defenses
Section 231:35 - Reply avoiding defense in equity
Section 231:39 - Real and mixed actions at issue in land court
Section 231:42 - Endorsement of pleading or process before filing or entry; residence
Section 231:43 - Late endorsement of pleading or process
Section 231:44 - Endorsement when plaintiff removes from commonwealth
Section 231:45 - Procuring new responsible endorser
Section 231:47 - Dismissal on failure to obtain endorser
Section 231:48 - Substitute endorser
Section 231:51 - Amendments as to parties, process or pleading
Section 231:52 - Amendment after demurrer
Section 231:58A - Notice of default to company issuing motor vehicle liability policy or bond; assessment of damages deferred
Section 231:59A - Advancing action for speedy trial
Section 231:59C - Speedy trial of certain actions at request of either party
Section 231:59D - Speedy trial of actions involving election laws
Section 231:59E - Request of either party
Section 231:59F - Speedy trial for persons sixty-five years of age or older
Section 231:59G - Vacation of judgement of dismissal upon request for trial
Section 231:59H - Special motion to dismiss; claims based on party's right of petition
Section 231:60B - Malpractice actions against providers of health care; tribunal
Section 231:60C - Malpractice complaints; ad damnum prohibited
Section 231:60D - Claim by minor against provider of health care; limitations
Section 231:60E - Malpractice action; professional examination of claimant
Section 231:60F - Award of damages; elements and itemization of amounts
Section 231:60G - Reduction of award of damages; collateral sources of benefits
Section 231:60H - Limitation of damages for pain and suffering
Section 231:60I - Attorney fees; limitations on contingency fees
Section 231:60J - Negligence actions for serving alcoholic beverages to minors or intoxicated persons; summary judgments
Section 231:60K - Actions against health care providers; rate of interest; damages
Section 231:60L - Notice requirement for actions against health care providers; time for filing; exceptions; contents; providers' access to medical records; response
Section 231:61 - Filing interrogatories
Section 231:62 - Answers to interrogatories
Section 231:63 - Rules governing use of interrogatories
Section 231:64 - Failure to answer or to amend or expunge answer
Section 231:65 - Person answering interrogatories when corporation, municipal corporation, minor or incompetent is party
Section 231:66 - Order for costs
Section 231:67 - Non-disclosure of information not pertinent
Section 231:68 - Inspecting documents
Section 231:69 - Demand for admissions; answer to demand or refusal of admissions; costs
Section 231:71 - Motions and interlocutory orders
Section 231:72 - Agreements regarding amendments and trial procedure
Section 231:81 - Charges as to facts, etc.
Section 231:82 - Designation of place of trial
Section 231:83 - Interrupting examination of witnesses
Section 231:84A - Consolidation of actions involving same subject matter
Section 231:85 - Comparative negligence; limited effect of contributory negligence as defense
Section 231:85A - Prima facie evidence of owner's responsibility for operation of motor vehicle
Section 231:85B - Action for consequential damages; presumption of automobile owner's responsibility
Section 231:85C - Action to enforce liability policy or bond; presumption of insured's consent to operation of vehicle
Section 231:85D - Imputing negligence of parent or custodian to infant
Section 231:85E - Motor vehicles; defenses in subrogation claims
Section 231:85F - Imputation of negligence of operator of motor vehicle to passenger-owner
Section 231:85G - Parents' liability for willful acts of minor children
Section 231:85H - Leased property; failure to return; conversion; presumption
Section 231:85I - Emergency care, etc., of injured persons by members of ski patrols; exemption from civil liability
Section 231:85J - Fraud or deceit in sale of personal property; treble damages
Section 231:85K - Limitation of tort liability of certain charitable organizations; liability of directors, officers or trustees of educational institutions
Section 231:85L - Recovery of damages against operator of motor vehicle by guest; ordinary negligence
Section 231:85M - Disclaimers of liability by parking facilities not a defense and void
Section 231:85N - Liability of licensed members of certain professional societies and committees for damages resulting from official acts
Section 231:85O - Contracts; age of legal capacity and liability in civil actions
Section 231:85P - Age of majority; legal capacity
Section 231:85P1/2 - Probate and family court approval of contracts between child entertainers and contracting entities
Section 231:85Q - Standard of care owed children; maintenance of artificial condition upon land
Section 231:85R - Boat races or regattas; liability for injuries
Section 231:85R 1/2 - Liability for damage to property as a result of shoplifting or attempted larceny; recovery
Section 231:85S - Physical alteration or destruction of fine art
Section 231:85T - Negligence action for serving alcohol to intoxicated person prohibited; exceptions
Section 231:85U - Death or injury to unlawful dwelling occupants; liability of lawful occupants
Section 231:85V - Sports program volunteers' liability; definitions
Section 231:85W - Officers and directors of charitable corporations; tort liability
Section 231:85X - Cause of action for loss of consortium of child
Section 231:85Y - Injury or damage sustained on child care facility premises; liability of property owner
Section 231:85Z - Conveyance made without fair consideration by person adjudged in contempt of order or judgment for child support; liability
Section 231:85AA - Liability of registered rescue volunteers
Section 231:85BB - Fraudulent claim of hours worked
Section 231:87 - Pleadings as evidence; effect
Section 231:88 - Effect of unaccepted offer of judgment
Section 231:89 - Use at trial of answers to interrogatories
Section 231:91 - Effect of unproved defense of truth in action of slander or libel; proof of statements not contained in pleadings
Section 231:91A - Radio or television broadcast; liability of owner of station, etc.
Section 231:91B - Statement relating to bank loan for purchase of goods or services as defense to claim for libel
Section 231:92 - Truth as justification for libel
Section 231:93 - Retraction of libel; mitigation of damages; punitive damages
Section 231:94 - Evidence in mitigation of damages
Section 231:94A - Probable cause as defence in action for false arrest
Section 231:94B - False arrest; shoplifting; defrauding innkeepers; defenses
Section 231:94C - False arrest; theft of public records; defenses
Section 231:95 - Defense to action on default judgment
Section 231:96 - Relief from final judgment; vacation; effect of attachment
Section 231:97 - Appeal to superior court
Section 231:98 - Appeal bond
Section 231:99 - Deposit in lieu of appeal bond
Section 231:101 - Record on appeal to superior court; transmission
Section 231:102 - Docket entries on taking appeal
Section 231:102C - Transfer of action from superior court; trial; decision; notice; judgment; retransfer; trial
Section 231:103 - Waiver of jury trial and right of appeal in cases brought in district court
Section 231:104 - Removal from district court to superior court
Section 231:104A - Multiple judgments; specification for removal to superior court
Section 231:106 - Deposit in lieu of removal bond
Section 231:107 - Circumstances making removal bond unnecessary
Section 231:108 - Appellate divisions of district courts; assignment and compensation of justices; procedure for reporting cases
Section 231:109 - Appeal to appeals court from appellate division
Section 231:110 - Powers of appellate division
Section 231:111 - Report by single justice
Section 231:112 - Report by single justice of supreme judicial court
Section 231:112A - Appellate proceedings upon report; application of Rules of Appellate Procedure
Section 231:112B - Objections to rulings or orders
Section 231:113 - Appeal from final judgment of superior court, land court and housing courts
Section 231:114 - Appeal from final judgment of single justice of supreme judicial court
Section 231:115 - Disposition of judgment on appeal; stay of execution
Section 231:116 - Protective orders pending appeal
Section 231:117 - Temporary appellate relief from final judgments pending appeal
Section 231:118 - Temporary appellate relief from interlocutory orders; appeals to appeals court or supreme judicial court
Section 231:118A - Petition for relief
Section 231:119 - Harmless error; disposition of judgment on appeal
Section 231:124 - Determination of questions of law by full court on appeal
Section 231:125 - Appellate court's powers of amendment; additional testimony
Section 231:125A - Further report of material facts in equity and probate appeals
Section 231:130 - Costs on refusal of new trial
Section 231:132 - Error not affecting substantial rights; partial new trial
Section 231:138 - Amendment of pleadings; notice and hearing requisite to bind certain persons; appeal
Section 231:139 - Representation of corporate party by officer or agent
Section 231:140A - Conclusiveness of consent judgment in automobile case
Section 231:140B - Advance payments or settlements of claims by insurers; effect upon liability; admissibility as evidence; credit upon judgment; notice of limitations to claimant by insurer; accrual of cause of action
Section 231:140C - Settlement or partial payment by insurer as admission of liability
Section 231:140C 1/2 - Court approval of personal injury settlements of claims of minors or incompetent persons