Section 301.2 - DefinitionsAs used in this article, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
1. "Juvenile delinquent" means: (a)(i) a person at least twelve and less than eighteen years of age, having committed an act that would constitute a crime if committed by an adult; or (ii) a person over sixteen and less than seventeen years of age or, a person over sixteen and less than eighteen years of age commencing October first, two thousand nineteen, having committed an act that would constitute a violation as defined by subdivision three of section 10.00 of the penal law if committed by an adult, where such violation is alleged to have occurred in the same transaction or occurrence of the alleged criminal act; or (iii) a person over the age of seven and less than twelve years of age having committed an act that would constitute one of the following crimes, if committed by an adult: (A) aggravated criminally negligent homicide as defined in section 125.11 of the penal law; (B) vehicular manslaughter in the second degree as defined in section 125.12 of the penal law; (C) vehicular manslaughter in the first degree as defined in section 125.13 of the penal law; (D) aggravated vehicular homicide as defined in section 125.14 of the penal law; (E) manslaughter in the second degree as defined in section 125.15 of the penal law; (F) manslaughter in the first degree as defined in section 125.20 of the penal law; (G) aggravated manslaughter in the second degree as defined in section 125.21 of the penal law; (H) aggravated manslaughter in the first degree as defined in section 125.22 of the penal law; (I) murder in the second degree as defined in section 125.25 of the penal law; (J) aggravated murder as defined in section 125.26 of the penal law; and (K) murder in the first degree as defined in section 125.27 of the penal law; and(b) who is: (i) not criminally responsible for such conduct by reason of infancy; or(ii) the defendant in an action ordered removed from a criminal court to the family court pursuant to article seven hundred twenty-five of the criminal procedure law.2. "Respondent" means the person against whom a juvenile delinquency petition is filed pursuant to section 310.1. Provided, however, that any act of the respondent required or authorized under this article may be performed by his or her attorney unless expressly provided otherwise.3. "Detention" means the temporary care and maintenance of children away from their own homes, as defined in section five hundred two of the executive law. Detention of a person alleged to be or adjudicated as a juvenile delinquent shall be authorized only in a facility certified by the division for youth as a detention facility pursuant to section five hundred three of the executive law.4. "Secure detention facility" means a facility characterized by physically restricting construction, hardware and procedures.5. "Non-secure detention facility" means a facility characterized by the absence of physically restricting construction, hardware and procedures.6. "Fact-finding hearing" means a hearing to determine whether the respondent or respondents committed the crime or crimes alleged in the petition or petitions.7. "Dispositional hearing" means a hearing to determine whether the respondent requires supervision, treatment or confinement.8. "Designated felony act" means an act which, if done by an adult, would be a crime: (i) defined in sections 125.27 (murder in the first degree); 125.25 (murder in the second degree); 135.25 (kidnapping in the first degree); or 150.20 (arson in the first degree) of the penal law committed by a person thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, or seventeen years of age; or such conduct committed as a sexually motivated felony, where authorized pursuant to section 130.91 of the penal law; (ii) defined in sections 120.10 (assault in the first degree); 125.20 (manslaughter in the first degree); 130.35 (rape in the first degree); 130.50 (criminal sexual act in the first degree); 130.70 (aggravated sexual abuse in the first degree); 135.20 (kidnapping in the second degree) but only where the abduction involved the use or threat of use of deadly physical force; 150.15 (arson in the second degree) or 160.15 (robbery in the first degree) of the penal law committed by a person thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, or seventeen years of age; or such conduct committed as a sexually motivated felony, where authorized pursuant to section 130.91 of the penal law; (iii) defined in the penal law as an attempt to commit murder in the first or second degree or kidnapping in the first degree committed by a person thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, or seventeen years of age; or such conduct committed as a sexually motivated felony, where authorized pursuant to section 130.91 of the penal law; (iv) defined in section 140.30 (burglary in the first degree); subdivision one of section 140.25 (burglary in the second degree); subdivision two of section 160.10 (robbery in the second degree) of the penal law; or section 265.03 of the penal law, where such machine gun or such firearm is possessed on school grounds, as that phrase is defined in subdivision fourteen of section 220.00 of the penal law committed by a person fourteen , fifteen, sixteen, or seventeen years of age; or such conduct committed as a sexually motivated felony, where authorized pursuant to section 130.91 of the penal law; (v) defined in section 120.05 (assault in the second degree) or 160.10 (robbery in the second degree) of the penal law committed by a person fourteen, fifteen, sixteen or seventeen years of age but only where there has been a prior finding by a court that such person has previously committed an act which, if committed by an adult, would be the crime of assault in the second degree, robbery in the second degree or any designated felony act specified in paragraph (i), (ii), or (iii) of this subdivision regardless of the age of such person at the time of the commission of the prior act; (vi) other than a misdemeanor committed by a person at least twelve but less than eighteen years of age, but only where there have been two prior findings by the court that such person has committed a prior act which, if committed by an adult, would be a felony.9. "Designated class A felony act" means a designated felony act that would constitute a class A felony if committed by an adult.10. "Secure facility" means a residential facility in which the respondent may be placed under this article, which is characterized by physically restricting construction, hardware and procedures, and is designated as a secure facility by the division for youth.11. "Restrictive placement" means a placement pursuant to section 353.5.12. "Presentment agency" means the agency or authority which pursuant to section two hundred fifty-four or two hundred fifty-four-a is responsible for presenting a juvenile delinquency petition.13. "Incapacitated person" means a respondent who, as a result of mental illness, or intellectual or developmental disability as defined in subdivisions twenty and twentytwo of section 1.03 of the mental hygiene law, lacks capacity to understand the proceedings against him or her or to assist in his or her own defense.14. Any reference in this article to the commission of a crime includes any act which, if done by an adult, would constitute a crime.15. "Aggravated circumstances" shall have the same meaning as the definition of such term in subdivision (j) of section one thousand twelve of this act.16. "Permanency hearing" means an initial hearing or subsequent hearing held in accordance with the provisions of this article for the purpose of reviewing the foster care status of the respondent and the appropriateness of the permanency plan developed by the commissioner of social services or the office of children and family services.17. "Designated educational official" shall mean (a) an employee or representative of a school district who is designated by the school district or (b) an employee or representative of a charter school or private elementary or secondary school who is designated by such school to receive records pursuant to this article and to coordinate the student's participation in programs which may exist in the school district or community, including: non-violent conflict resolution programs, peer mediation programs and youth courts, extended day programs and other school violence prevention and intervention programs which may exist in the school district or community. Such notification shall be kept separate and apart from such student's school records and shall be accessible only by the designated educational official. Such notification shall not be part of such student's permanent school record and shall not be appended to or included in any documentation regarding such student and shall be destroyed at such time as such student is no longer enrolled in the school district. At no time shall such notification be used for any purpose other than those specified in this subdivision.N.Y. Family Court Law § 301.2
Amended by New York Laws 2022, ch. 38,Secs. 2, 3, 4 eff. 12/29/2022.Amended by New York Laws 2021, ch. 813,Sec. 1, eff. 12/29/2021.Amended by New York Laws 2021, ch. 810,Secs. 1, 2 eff. 12/29/2022.Amended by New York Laws 2017, ch. 59,Secs. WWW-56, WWW-57, eff. 10/1/2018 and WWW-106 eff. 10/1/2019.Amended by New York Laws 2016, ch. 37,Sec. 4, eff. 5/25/2016.