Article 45 - EVIDENCE

Section 4501 - Self-incrimination
Section 4502 - Spouse
Section 4503 - Attorney
Section 4504 - Physician, dentist, podiatrist, chiropractor and nurse
Section 4505 - Confidential communication to clergy privileged
Section 4506 - Eavesdropping evidence; admissibility; motion to suppress in certain cases
Section 4507 - Psychologist
Section 4508 - Social worker
Section 4509 - Library records
Section 4510 - Rape crisis counselor or domestic violence advocate
Section R4511 - Judicial notice of law
Section 4512 - Competency of interested witness or spouse
Section 4513 - Competency of person convicted of crime
Section R4514 - Impeachment of witness by prior inconsistent statement
Section R4515 - Form of expert opinion
Section R4516 - Proof of age of child
Section R4517 - Prior testimony in a civil action
Section R4518 - Business records
Section 4519 - Personal transaction or communication between witness and decedent or person with a mental illness
Section 4519-A - Possession of opioid antagonists; receipt into evidence
Section R4520 - Certificate or affidavit of public officer
Section R4521 - Lack of record
Section R4522 - Ancient filed maps, surveys and records affecting real property
Section R4523 - Search by title insurance or abstract company
Section R4524 - Conveyance of real property without the state
Section R4525 - Copies of statements under article nine of the uniform commercial code
Section R4526 - Marriage certificate
Section 4527 - Death or other status of missing person
Section R4528 - Weather conditions
Section R4529 - Inspection certificate issued by United States department of agriculture
Section 4530 - Certificate of population
Section R4531 - Affidavit of service or posting notice by person unavailable at trial
Section R4532 - Self-authentication of newspapers and periodicals of general circulation
Section R4532-A - Admissibility of graphic, numerical, symbolic or pictorial representations of medical or diagnostic tests
Section R4532-B - [Admissibility of image, map, location, distance, calculation, or other information from web mapping service, global satellite imaging site, or internet mapping tool]
Section R4533 - Market reports
Section R4533-A - Prima facie proof of damages
Section R4533-B - Proof of payment by joint tort-feasor
Section R4534 - Standard of measurement used by surveyor
Section R4536 - Proof of writing by comparison of handwriting
Section R4537 - Proof of writing subscribed by witness
Section R4538 - Acknowledged, proved or certified writing; conveyance of real property without the state
Section R4539 - Reproductions of original
Section R4540 - Authentication of official record of court or government office in the United States
Section R4540-A - Presumption of authenticity based on a party's production of material authored or otherwise created by the party
Section R4541 - Proof of proceedings before justice of the peace
Section R4542 - Proof of foreign records and documents
Section 4543 - Proof of facts or writing by methods other than those authorized in this article
Section 4544 - Contracts in small print
Section 4545 - Admissibility of collateral source of payment
Section 4546 - Loss of earnings and impairment of earning ability in actions for medical, dental or podiatric malpractice
Section 4547 - Compromise and offers to compromise
Section 4548 - Privileged communications; electronic communication thereof
Section 4549 - Admissibility of an opposing party's statement
Section 4550 - Admissibility of evidence related to legally protected health activity
Section R4551 - [Effective 4/1/2026] New York voting and elections database