Section 423.12 - Limited binding and beneficial effect1. The agreement binds and inures only to the benefit of Iowa and the other member states. A person, other than a member state, is not an intended beneficiary of the agreement. Any benefit to a person other than a member state is established by the law of Iowa and not by the terms of the agreement.2. A person shall not have any cause of action or defense under the agreement or by virtue of this state's entry into the agreement. A person may not challenge, in any action brought under any provision of law, any action or inaction by any department, agency, or other instrumentality of this state, or any political subdivision of this state on the ground that the action or inaction is inconsistent with the agreement.3. A law of this state, or the application of it, shall not be declared invalid as to any such person or circumstance on the ground that the provision or application is inconsistent with the agreement.2003 Acts, 1st Ex, ch 2, §105, 205