Ohio Civ.R. 4.6

As amended through March 13, 2024

Rule 4.6 - Process: Limits; Amendment; Service Refused; Service Unclaimed

(A)Limits of effective service All process may be served anywhere in this state and, when authorized by law or these rules, may be served outside this state.

(B)Amendment The court within its discretion and upon such terms as are just, may at any time allow the amendment of any process or proof of service thereof, unless the amendment would cause material prejudice to the substantial rights of the party against whom the process was issued.

(C)Service refused If attempted service of process by United States certified or express mail or by commercial carrier service within or outside the state is refused, and the certified or express mail envelope or return of the commercial carrier shows such refusal, or the return of the person serving process by personal service within or outside the state or by residence service within the state specifies that service of process has been refused, the clerk shall forthwith notify the attorney of record or, if there is no attorney of record, the party at whose instance process was issued and enter the fact and method of notification on the appearance docket. If the attorney, or serving party, after notification by the clerk, files with the clerk a written request for ordinary mail service, the clerk shall send by United States ordinary mail a copy of the summons and complaint or other document to be served to the defendant at the address set forth in the caption, or at the address set forth in written instructions furnished to the clerk. The mailing shall be evidenced by a certificate of mailing which shall be completed and filed by the clerk. Answer day shall be twenty-eight days after the date of mailing as evidenced by the certificate of mailing. The clerk shall endorse this answer date upon the summons which is sent by ordinary mail. Service shall be deemed complete when the fact of mailing is entered of record. Failure to claim United States certified or express mail or commercial carrier service is not refusal of service within the meaning of this division. This division shall not apply if any reason for failure of delivery other than "Refused" is also shown on the United States certified or express mail envelope.

(D)United States certified or express mail, or commercial carrier service unclaimed If attempted service using United States certified or express mail or commercial carrier within or outside the state is returned with an endorsement stating that the envelope was unclaimed or a similar endorsement indicating the item was unclaimed, the clerk shall forthwith notify the attorney of record or, if there is no attorney of record, the party at whose instance process was issued and enter the fact and method of notification on the appearance docket. If the attorney, or serving party, after notification by the clerk, files with the clerk a written request for ordinary mail service, the clerk shall send by United States ordinary mail a copy of the summons and complaint or other document to be served to the defendant at the address set forth in the caption, or at the address set forth in written instructions furnished to the clerk. The mailing shall be evidenced by a certificate of mailing which shall be completed and filed by the clerk. Answer day shall be twenty-eight days after the date of mailing as evidenced by the certificate of mailing. The clerk shall endorse this answer date upon the summons which is sent by ordinary mail. Service shall be deemed complete when the fact of mailing is entered of record, provided that the ordinary mail envelope is not returned by the postal authorities with an endorsement showing failure of delivery. If the ordinary mail envelope is returned undelivered, the clerk shall forthwith notify the attorney, or serving party.

(E)Duty of attorney of record or serving party The attorney of record or the serving party shall be responsible for determining if service has been made and shall timely file written instructions with the clerk regarding completion of service notwithstanding the provisions in Civ.R. 4.1 through 4.6 which instruct a clerk to notify the attorney of record or the serving party of failure of service of process.

Ohio. Civ.R. 4.6

Effective:7/1/1970; amended effective 7/1/1971;7/1/1978;7/1/1997;7/1/2012; amended effective 7/1/2023

Staff Note (July 1, 1997 Amendment)

Rule 4.6 Process: limits; amendment; service refused; service unclaimed

Prior to the 1997 amendment, service of process under this rule was permitted only by certified mail. It appears that service of process by express mail, i.e. as that sort of mail is delivered by the United States Postal Service, can always be obtained return receipt requested, and thus could accomplish the purpose of notification equally well as certified mail. Therefore, the amendment provides for this additional option for service.

Other amendments to this rule are nonsubstantive grammatical or stylistic changes.

Staff Note (July 1, 2012 Amendment)

Divisions (C) and (D) are amended (1) to specify that their provisions for service by United States ordinary mail apply to service by commercial carrier that is returned showing "Refused" but do not apply to service by commercial carrier that is returned showing "Unclaimed" and (2) to make clear that these divisions are applicable to U.S. mail service attempted both within and outside the state.

Division (C) relating to service "Refused" is also amended to specify that its provisions do not apply to ambiguous returns of U.S. certified or express mail stating other reasons for failure of delivery that suggest lack of actual notice to the defendant, such as "unable to forward". Division (D) relating to service "Unclaimed" is not similarly amended with respect to returns stating both "Unclaimed" and other reasons for failure of delivery; however, division (D) continues to apply only to U.S. Postal Service returns showing that the addressee was notified of, and failed to claim, the certified or express mail envelope.