A.Before action.(1) A person who desires to perpetuate his own testimony or that of another person regarding any matter that may be cognizable in any court may file a verified petition in the district court in the county of the residence of any expected adverse party. The petition shall be entitled in the name of the petitioner and shall show: (a) that the petitioner expects to be a party to an action cognizable in a court but is presently unable to bring it or cause it to be brought;(b) the subject matter of the expected action and his interest therein;(c) the facts which he desires to establish by the proposed testimony and his reasons for desiring to perpetuate it;(d) the names or a description of the persons he expects will be adverse parties and their addresses so far as known; and(e) the names and addresses of the persons to be examined and the substance of the testimony which he expects to elicit from each; and shall ask for an order authorizing the petitioner to take the depositions of the persons to be examined named in the petition, for the purpose of perpetuating their testimony.(2) The petitioner shall thereafter serve a notice upon each person named in the petition as an expected adverse party, together with a copy of the petition, stating that the petitioner will apply to the court, at a time and place named therein, for the order described in the petition. At least twenty (20) days before the date of hearing the notice shall be served either within or without the state in the manner provided in Rule 1-004 for service of summons; but if such service cannot with due diligence be made upon any expected adverse party named in the petition, the court may make such order as is just for service by publication or otherwise and shall appoint, for persons not served in the manner provided in Rule 1-004 NMRA, an attorney who shall represent them, and, in case they are not otherwise represented, shall cross-examine the deponent. If any expected adverse party is a minor or incompetent the provisions of Paragraph C of Rule 1-017 NMRA apply.(3) If the court is satisfied that the perpetuation of the testimony may prevent a failure or delay of justice, it shall make an order designating or describing the persons whose depositions may be taken and specifying the subject matter of the examination and whether the depositions shall be taken upon oral examination or written interrogatories. The depositions may then be taken in accordance with these rules, and the court may make orders of the character provided for by Rules 1-034 and 1-035. For the purpose of applying these rules to depositions for perpetuating testimony, each reference therein to the court in which the action is pending shall be deemed to refer to the court in which the petition for such deposition was filed.(4) If a deposition to perpetuate testimony is taken under these rules, it may be used in any action involving the same subject matter subsequently brought, in accordance with the provisions of Rule 1-032 NMRA.B.Pending appeal. If an appeal has been taken from a judgment of a district court or before the taking of an appeal if the time therefor has not expired, the court in which the judgment was rendered may allow the taking of the depositions of witnesses to perpetuate their testimony for use in the event of further proceedings in the district court. In such case the party who desires to perpetuate the testimony may make a motion in the district court for leave to take the depositions, upon the same notice and service thereof as if the action was pending in the district court. The motion shall show: (1) the names and addresses of persons to be examined and the substance of the testimony which he expects to elicit from each; and (2) the reasons for perpetuating their testimony. If the court finds that the perpetuation of the testimony is proper to avoid a failure or delay of justice, it may make an order allowing the depositions to be taken and may make orders of the character provided for by Rules 1-034 and 1-035, and thereupon the depositions may be taken and used in the same manner and under the same conditions as are prescribed in these rules for depositions taken in actions pending in the district court. C.Perpetuation by action. This rule does not limit the power of a court to entertain an action to perpetuate testimony.N.M. R. Civ. P. Dist. Ct. 1-027
For subpoena for taking depositions, see Rule 1-045 NMRA. Compiler's notes. - Paragraph A and Rules 1-028, 1-030 and 1-045 NMRA are deemed to supersede 45-201, C.S. 1929, relating to when testimony may be perpetuated; 45-202, C.S. 1929, relating to petition for commission to perpetuate testimony; 45-203, C.S. 1929, relating to issuance of commission and to whom it is addressed; 45-204, C.S. 1929, relating to notice; 45-205, C.S. 1929, relating to compelling attendance of witnesses; 45-206, C.S. 1929, relating to officer present at deposition; 45-207, C.S. 1929, relating to testimony; 45-208, C.S. 1929, relating to testimony to be signed and sworn to; 45-209, C.S. 1929, relating to adjournments; 45-210, C.S. 1929, relating to certificate of officer and return to county court clerk; 45-211, C.S. 1929, relating to return of depositions by mail; 45-212, C.S. 1929, relating to duty of recorder; 45-213, C.S. 1929, relating to use of testimony as evidence; 45-214, C.S. 1929, relating to exceptions to testimony. Court order required to stay taking of deposition. - Party seeking protective order to stay taking of deposition of witness to perpetuate testimony until court first determined competency of witness must file such motion prior to the date designated for the taking of the deposition; until a protective order is issued, there is nothing to delay the taking of the deposition. In re Bartow, 1984-NMCA-074, 101 N.M. 532, 685 P.2d 387. Trial court is vested with discretion in making its decision whether to limit discovery, bearing in mind that the presumption is in favor of discovery. Salitan v. Carrillo, 1961-NMSC-176, 69 N.M. 476, 368 P.2d 149. Imposition of protective provisions and conditions. - The courts, in enforcing the rules of civil procedure with respect to depositions and discovery, have the right to impose protective provisions and conditions. State ex rel. N.M. State Hwy. Comm'n v. Taira, 1967-NMSC-180, 78 N.M. 276, 430 P.2d 773. Deposition of out-of-state party. - In an action by New York plaintiffs against New Mexico defendants, an order by the trial court requiring that defendant may take plaintiff's deposition on written interrogatories, or that the deposition may be taken on oral examination in New York City at defendant's expense or in Las Cruces, upon defendant's advancing expense money for travel by air and other expenses, should have been coupled with provisions for the filing of an adequate cost bond and terms whereby reasonable travel expenses would be ultimately reflected in the taxable costs. Salitan v. Carrillo, 1961-NMSC-176, 69 N.M. 476, 368 P.2d 149. In an action for the face value of drafts in the amount of $1,076.50, the fact that the amount involved was relatively small in proportion to the expenses of travel between New Mexico and New York was not a special circumstance or undue hardship as to be a basis for an exercise of the trial court's discretion in issuing a protective order requiring depositions be taken in New York City or that written interrogatories be taken, or that, if depositions were taken in New Mexico, appellant pay appellee's reasonable travel expenses. Salitan v. Carrillo, 1961-NMSC-176, 69 N.M. 476, 368 P.2d 149. Am. Jur. 2d, A.L.R. and C.J.S. references. - 23 Am. Jur. 2d Depositions and Discovery §§118 to 129. Right to discovery as regards facts relating to amount of damages, 88 A.L.R. 504. Claimant's deposition or statement taken by municipality or other political subdivision as statutory notice of claim for injury or as waiver, 41 A.L.R.2d 883. Admissibility in evidence of deposition as against one not a party at time of its taking, 4 A.L.R.3d 1075. Confidentiality of proceedings or reports of judicial inquiry board or commission, 5 A.L.R.4th 730. Propriety of state court's grant or denial of application for pre-action production or inspection of documents, persons, or other evidence, 12 A.L.R.5th 577. Right to perpetuation to testimony under Rule 27 of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 60 A.L.R. Fed. 924. 26A C.J.S. Depositions §§ 3 to 46, 51 to 57, 60, 88 to 98.