Rule 2.2 - Proceedings before the magistrate2.2(1)Definition of "magistrate." For purposes of this section, "magistrate" includes judicial magistrates, district associate judges, and district judges.2.2(2)Initial appearance of the defendant. An officer making an arrest with or without a warrant shall take the arrested person before a magistrate either personally or by interactive audiovisual system as provided by rule 2.27(1) (a) within 24 hours unless no magistrate is available and in all events within 48 hours. a. When a person arrested without a warrant is brought before a magistrate, a complaint shall be filed forthwith.b. If the defendant received a citation or was arrested without a warrant, the magistrate shall, prior to further proceedings in the case, make an initial, preliminary determination from the complaint or affidavits filed with the complaint whether there is probable cause to believe that an offense has been committed and that the defendant has committed it. The magistrate's decision in this regard shall be entered in the record.c. Unless otherwise ordered by the court, a self-represented defendant may waive the initial appearance by executing and filing rule 2.37 -Form 8: Self-Represented Waiver of Initial Appearance and Preliminary Hearing for Indictable Offense. An attorney for the defendant may waive the initial appearance on the defendant's behalf by executing and filing a written waiver that substantially complies with rule 2.37 -Form 9: Attorney Waiver of Initial Appearance and Preliminary Hearing for Indictable Offense. The date of the initial appearance is deemed the date the waiver is filed.2.2(3)Events to occur at the initial appearance. The defendant shall not be called upon to plead at the initial appearance. The following events shall occur: a. The magistrate shall inform the defendant of the complaint and ensure the defendant receives a copy.b. The magistrate shall inform the defendant of the following:(1) The defendant's right to retain counsel.(2) The defendant's right to request the appointment of counsel if the defendant is unable to obtain counsel by reason of indigency.(3) The circumstances under which the defendant may secure pretrial release.(4) The defendant's right to obtain review of any conditions imposed on the defendant's release.(5) That the defendant is not required to make a statement and that any statement made by the defendant may be used against the defendant.(6) The defendant's right to a preliminary hearing unless an indictment or trial information is filed beforehand.c. If the defendant is found to be indigent pursuant to Iowa Code section 815.9, the magistrate shall appoint counsel to represent the defendant.d. The magistrate shall order the defendant held to answer in further proceedings.e. If the defendant does not waive the preliminary hearing, the magistrate shall schedule a preliminary hearing and inform the defendant of the date of the preliminary hearing. Such hearing shall be held within a reasonable time but in any event no later than 10 days following the initial appearance if the defendant is in custody and no later than 20 days if the defendant is not in custody. Upon a showing of good cause, the time limits specified in this paragraph may be extended by the magistrate. The preliminary hearing will not occur if, prior to its commencement, an indictment or trial information is filed.2.2(4)Preliminary hearing.a. Waiver of preliminary hearing. Unless otherwise ordered by the court, a self-represented defendant may waive the preliminary hearing by executing and filing rule 2.37-Form 8: Self-Represented Waiver of Initial Appearance and Preliminary Hearing for Indictable Offense. An attorney for the defendant may waive the preliminary hearing on the defendant's behalf by executing and filing a written waiver that substantially complies with rule 2.37 -Form 9: Attorney Waiver of Initial Appearance and Preliminary Hearing for Indictable Offense.b. Method of proceeding. The prosecution shall present evidence at the preliminary hearing. The defendant may cross-examine witnesses and may introduce evidence on the defendant's behalf.c. Probable cause finding. If from the evidence it appears that there is probable cause to believe that an offense has been committed and that the defendant committed it, the magistrate shall order the defendant held to answer in further proceedings. The finding of probable cause shall be based upon substantial evidence, which may be hearsay in whole or in part provided there is a substantial basis for believing the source of the hearsay to be credible and for believing that there is a factual basis for the information furnished.d. Constitutional objections. Rules excluding evidence on the ground that it was acquired by unlawful means and motions to suppress are not applicable to the preliminary hearing.e. Discharge of the defendant. If from the evidence it appears that there is no probable cause to believe that an offense has been committed or that the defendant committed it, the magistrate shall dismiss the complaint and discharge the defendant. Unless the dismissed charge was a serious misdemeanor, the discharge of the defendant shall not preclude the government from instituting a subsequent prosecution for the same charge.f. Preliminary hearing testimony preserved by stenographer or electronic recording equipment; production prior to trial. Proceedings at the preliminary hearing shall be reported by a court reporter or recorded by electronic recording equipment. The recording or transcript shall be made available to the defendant, the defendant's attorney, or the government on request. Prepayment for transcripts shall be required except for an indigent defendant.66GA, ch 1245(2), § 1301; 67GA, ch 153, § 4 to 7; 69GA, ch 117, § 1241; 1983 Iowa Acts, ch 186, § 10143 and 10144; Report January 31, 1989, effective 5/1/1989;4/20/1992, effective 7/1/1992;11/9/2001, effective 2/15/2002; Court Order October 14, 2022, effective 7/1/2023; court order August 30, 2024, effective 10/30/2024.