Alaska R. Prof'l. Cond. 1.15

As amended through October 31, 2024

Rule 1.15 - Safekeeping Property

(a) A lawyer shall hold property of clients or third persons that is in a lawyer's possession in connection with a representation separate from the lawyer's own property. Funds shall be kept in a separate account maintained in the state where the lawyer's office is situated, or elsewhere with the consent of the client or the third person. Other property shall be identified as the client's or the third person's and appropriately safeguarded. Complete records of these account funds and other property shall be kept by the lawyer and shall be preserved for a period of five years after termination of the representation.

(b) A lawyer may deposit the lawyer's own funds in a client trust account for the sole purpose of paying bank service charges on that account, and only in an amount necessary for that purpose.

(c) A lawyer shall deposit funds received for future fees and expenses into a client trust account, to be withdrawn by the lawyer only as fees are earned or expenses incurred.

(d) Upon receiving funds or other property in which a client or third person has an interest, a lawyer shall promptly notify the client or third person. Except as stated in this rule or otherwise permitted by law or by agreement with the client, a lawyer shall promptly deliver to the client or third person any funds or other property that the client or third person is entitled to receive and, upon request by the client or third person, shall promptly render a full accounting regarding the funds or property.

(e) When in the course of representation a lawyer is in possession of property in which two or more persons (one of whom may be the lawyer) claim conflicting interests, the property shall be kept separate by the lawyer until the dispute is resolved. The lawyer shall promptly distribute all portions of the property as to which the interests are not in dispute.

(f) Unless an election not to participate is submitted in accordance with the procedure set forth in paragraph (g), a lawyer or law firm shall establish and maintain an interest bearing insured depository account into which must be deposited funds of clients which are nominal in amount or are expected to be held for a short period of time, but only in compliance with the following provisions:

(1) No earnings from such account shall be made available to the lawyer or law firm and the lawyer or law firm shall have no right or claim to such earnings.

(2) Only funds of clients which are nominal in amount or are expected to be held for a short period of time may be deposited in such account. Funds which reasonably may be expected to generate in excess of one hundred dollars interest may not be deposited in such account.

(3) The depository institution shall be directed by the lawyer or law firm establishing such account:

(A) To remit earnings from such account, net of any service charges or fees, as computed in accordance with the institution's standard accounting practice to the Alaska Bar Foundation, Inc., at least quarter-annually; and

(B) To transmit with each remittance of earnings a statement showing the name of the lawyer or law firm on whose account the remittance is sent and the rate of interest applied, with a copy of such statement to such lawyer or law firm.

(4) The lawyer or law firm shall review the account at reasonable intervals to determine if changed circumstances required further action with respect to the funds of any client.

(g)A lawyer shall indicate on the lawyer's annual bar dues notice whether the lawyer or the lawyer's law firm:

1) elects to maintain the account described in paragraph (f);

2) elects not to maintain the account described in paragraph (f); or

3) does not maintain a trust account. A lawyer or law firm who wishes to change a previous election may do so at any time by notifying the Alaska Bar Association in writing.

Alaska R. Prof'l. Cond. 1.15

SCO 1123 effective 7/15/1993; amended by SCO 1539 effective 10/15/2004; by SCO 1584 effective 10/15/2005; and rescinded and repromulgated by SCO 1680 effective 4/15/2009

COMMENT

[1] A lawyer should hold property of others with the care required of a professional fiduciary. Securities should be kept in a safe deposit box, except when some other form of safekeeping is warranted by special circumstances. All property that is the property of clients or third persons, including prospective clients, must be kept separate from the lawyer's business and personal property and, if monies, in one or more trust accounts. Separate trust accounts may be warranted when administering estate monies or acting in similar fiduciary capacities. A lawyer should maintain on a current basis books and records in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice and comply with any recordkeeping rules established by law or court order. See, e.g., ABA Model Financial Recordkeeping Rule.

[2] While normally it is impermissible to commingle the lawyer's own funds with client funds, paragraph (b) provides that it is permissible when necessary to pay bank service charges on that account. Accurate records must be kept regarding which part of the funds are the lawyer's.

[3] Lawyers often receive funds from which the lawyer's fee will be paid. The lawyer is not required to remit to the client funds that the lawyer reasonably believes represent fees owed. If the fee is disputed, the disputed portion of the funds must be kept in a trust account and the lawyer should suggest means for prompt resolution of the dispute, such as arbitration. The undisputed portion of the funds shall be promptly distributed.

[4] Paragraph (e) also recognizes that third parties may have lawful claims against specific funds or other property in a lawyer's custody, such as a client's creditor who has a lien on funds recovered in a personal injury action. A lawyer may have a duty under applicable law to protect such third-party claims against wrongful interference by the client. In such cases, when the third-party claim is not frivolous under applicable law, the lawyer must refuse to surrender the property to the client until the claims are resolved. A lawyer should not unilaterally assume to arbitrate a dispute between the client and the third party, but, when there are substantial grounds for dispute as to the person entitled to the funds, the lawyer may file an action to have a court resolve the dispute.

[5] The obligations of a lawyer under this Rule are independent of those arising from activity other than rendering legal services. For example, a lawyer who serves only as an escrow agent is governed by the applicable law relating to fiduciaries even though the lawyer does not render legal services in the transaction and is not governed by this Rule.

[6] A lawyers' fund for client protection provides a means through the collective efforts of the bar to reimburse persons who have lost money or property as a result of dishonest conduct of a lawyer. Where such a fund has been established, a lawyer must participate where it is mandatory, and, even when it is voluntary, the lawyer should participate.