Section 193.2057 - Thermal radiation protection(a) Thermal exclusion zone. Each LNG container and LNG transfer system must have a thermal exclusion zone in accordance with the following: (1) Within the thermal exclusion zone, the impounding system may not be located closer to targets listed in paragraph (d) of this section than the exclusion distance "d" determined according to this section, unless the target is a pipeline facility of the operator.(2) If grading and drainage are used under § 193.2149(b), operators must comply with the requirements of this section by assuming the space needed for drainage and collection of spilled liquid is an impounding system.(b) Measurement. The exclusion distance "d" is the horizontal distance measured from the impoundment area to the target where the following apply: (1) The maximum calculated exclusion distance for each thermal flux level shall be used for that exposure (offsite target) in paragraph (d) of this section.(2) The wind speed producing the maximum exclusion distances shall be used except for wind speeds that occur less than 5 percent of the time based on recorded data for the area.(3) The ambient temperature and relative humidity that produce the maximum exclusion distance shall be used except that values that occur less than 5 percent of the time based on recorded data for the area shall not be used.(4) Properties of LNG with the highest anticipated heating value shall be used.(5) The height of the flame base should be that of any dike or containment in relation to the horizontal reference plane. The height of the target shall be in relation to the same reference plane.(c) Exclusion distance length. The length of an exclusion distance for each impounding space may not be less than the distance "d" determined in accordance with one of the following: (1) The method of calculating the exclusion distances for levels of radiant exposure listed in paragraph (d) of this section shall be the method described in Gas Research Institute report GRI-89/0176 and also available as the "LNGFIRE" computer program from GRI. A=the largest horizontal area across the impounding space measured at the lowest point along the top inside edge of the dike.
f=values for targets prescribed in paragraph (d) of this section.
(2) Determine "d" from a mathematical model for thermal radiation and other appropriate fire characteristics which assures that the incident thermal flux levels in paragraph (d) of this section are not exceeded. The model must: (i) Use atmospheric conditions which, if applicable, result in longer exclusion distances than other atmospheric conditions occurring at least 95 percent of the time based on recorded data for the site area;(ii) Have been evaluated and verified by testing at a scale, considering scaling effects, appropriate for the range of application;(iii) Have been submitted to the Administrator for approval, with supportive data as necessary to demonstrate validity; and(iv) Have received approval by the Administrator.(d) Limiting values for incident radiant flux on offsite targets. The maximum incident radiant flux at an offsite target from burning of a total spill in an impounding space must be limited to the distances in paragraph (c) of this section using the following values of "(f)" or "Incident Flux" | Offsite target | (f) | Incident flux Btu/ft.2 hour |
| (1) Outdoor areas occupied by 20 or more persons during normal use, such as beaches, playgrounds, outdoor theaters, other recreation area or other places of public assembly | (3) | 1,600 |
| (2) Buildings that are used for residences, or occupied by 20 or more persons during normal use | (1.6) | 4,000 |
| (3) Buildings made of cellulosic materials or are not fire resistant or do not provide durable shielding from thermal radiation that: |
| (i) Have exceptional value, or contain objects of exceptional value based on historic uniqueness described in Federal, State, or local registers; |
| (ii) Contain explosive, flammable, or toxic materials in hazardous quantities; or |
| (iii) Could result in additional hazard if exposed to high levels of thermal radiation | (1.6) | 4,000 |
| (4) Structures that are fire resistant and provide durable shielding from thermal radiation that have the characteristics described in paragraphs (3)(i) through (3)(iii) above | (1.1) | 6,700 |
| (5) Public streets, highways, and mainlines of railroads-- | (1.1) | 6,700 |
| (6) Other structures, or if closer to (P), the right-of-way line of the facility | (0.8) | 10,000 |
( 49 U.S.C. 1674 a; 49 CFR 1.53 and Appendix A of Part 1)
Wis. Admin. Code Department of Transportation § app 1 § 193.2057
45 FR 9203, Feb. 11, 1980, as amended by Amdt. 193-1, 45 FR 57418, Aug. 28, 1980; Amdt. 193-13, 62 FR 8404, Feb. 25, 1997; 62 FR 36465, July 8, 1997