Note: 1 microcurie = 10-6 curies, 1 picocurie = 10-12 curies
Table B
Sludge Applied to the Land in Bulk
Site Criteria | Surface | Incorporation | Injection |
Depth to bedrock | 3 ft. | 3 ft. | 3 ft. |
Depth to high groundwater | 3 ft. | 3 ft. | 3 ft. |
Allowable slopes | 0-6% | 0-12% | 0-12% |
Distance to wells | |||
-Community water supply or school | 1000 ft. | 1000 ft. | 1000 ft. |
-Other* | 250 ft. | 250 ft.* | 250 ft.* |
Minimum distance to residence, business or recreation area | 500 ft. | 200 ft. | 200 ft. |
Minimum distance to residence or business w/permission | 250 ft. | 100 ft. | 100 ft. |
Distance to rural schools and health care facilities | 1000 ft. | 1000 ft. | 500 ft. |
Distance to property line | 50 ft.** | 25 ft.** | 25 ft.** |
Minimum distance to streams, lakes, ponds, wetlands or channelized waterways connected to a stream, lake, pond or wetland.
-Slope 0 to < 6 | 200 ft. | 150 ft. | 100 ft. |
-Slope 6 to <12 | Not allowed | 200 ft. | 150 ft. |
Minimum distance to grass waterways, or dry run with a 50 foot range grass strip. ***
-Slope 0 to <6 | 100 ft. | 50 ft. | 25 ft. |
-Slope 6 to <12 | Not allowed | 100 ft. | 50 ft. |
Soil permeability range (in/hr) | 0.2-6.0 | 0-6.0 | 0-6.0 |
* Separation distances to non-potable wells used for irrigation or monitoring may be reduced to 50 ft. if the sludge is incorporated or injected and the department does not determine that a greater distance to the wells is required to protect the groundwater.
** The distances to property lines may be reduced with the written permission of both property owners.
*** Separation distances not required if grass waterway or dry run with grass strip is contained within a site or field for the purpose of erosion control.
Table C
Minimum Duration Between Application and Harvest\grazing\access for Class B Sludge Applied to the Land
Criteria | Surface | Incorporation | Injection |
Food crops whose harvested part may touch the soil/sludge mixture (beans, melons, squash, etc.) | 14 months | 14 months | 14 months |
Food crops whose harvested parts grow in the soil (potatoes, carrots, etc.) | 20/38 months* | 20/38 months* | 38 months |
Feed or other food crops (field corn, hay, sweet corn, etc.) | 30 days | 30 days | 30 days |
Grazing of animals | 30 days | 30 days | 30 days |
Public access restriction | |||
-High potential** | 1 year | 1 year | 1 year |
-Low potential | 30 days | 30 days | 30 days |
*The 20 month duration between application and harvesting applies when the sludge that is surface applied stays on the surface for 4 months or longer prior to incorporation into the soil. The 38 month duration is in effect when the sludge remains on the surface for less than 4 months prior to incorporation.
**This includes application to turf farms which place turf on land with a high potential for public exposure.
Table 1
Ceiling Concentrations
Pollutant | Ceiling concentrations (milligrams per kilogram-ppm) (dry weight) |
Arsenic | 75 |
Cadmium | 85 |
Copper | 4300 |
Lead | 840 |
Mercury | 57 |
Molybdenum | 75 |
Nickel | 420 |
Selenium | 100 |
Zinc | 7500 |
Table 2
Lifetime Cumulative Metal Loadings
Pollutant | Kg/ha | lbs/ac |
Arsenic | 41 | 36 |
Cadmium | 39 | 34 |
Copper | 1500 | 1339 |
Lead | 300 | 268 |
Mercury | 17 | 15 |
Molybdenum | Deleted Until EPA | Revises |
Nickel | 420 | 375 |
Selenium | 100 | 89 |
Note: The department strongly encourages permittees to produce sludge which meets the high quality pollutant concentration limits set in Table 3.
Table 3
Pollutant Concentrations
Pollutant | Monthly average concentrations (milligrams per kilogram-ppm) (dry weight) |
Arsenic | 41 |
Cadmium | 39 |
Copper | 1500 |
Lead | 300 |
Mercury | 17 |
Molybdenum | Deleted Until EPA Revises |
Nickel | 420 |
Selenium | 100 |
Zinc | 2800 |
ASAR = (APLR) / (C X 0.001)
Where:
ASAR = Annual sludge application rate in metric tons per hectare per 365 day period calculated on a dry weight basis.
APLR = Annual pollutant loading rate for a pollutant in kilograms per hectare per 365 day period, as stated in Table 4.
C = Pollutant concentration in milligrams, per kilogram of total solids calculated on a dry weight basis.
0.001 = A conversion factor.
Table 4
Annual Pollutant Loading Rate
Pollutant | Kg/ha | lbs/ac |
Arsenic | 2.0 | 1.78 |
Cadmium | 1.9 | 1.69 |
Copper | 75 | 66.9 |
Lead | 15 | 13.4 |
Mercury | 0.85 | 0.76 |
Molybdenum | Deleted Until EPA | Revises |
Nickel | 21 | 18.7 |
Selenium | 5 | 4.4 |
Zinc | 140 | 125 |
Table 5
Class A
Parameter | Unit | Limit |
Fecal Coliform | MPN/g TS | 1000 |
or | ||
Salmonella | MPN/4g TS | 3 |
AND, ONE OF THE FOLLOWING PROCESS OPTIONS | ||
Temp/Time based on % Solids | Alkaline Treatment | |
Prior test for Enteric Virus/Viable Helminth Ova | Post test for Enteric Virus/Viable Helminth Ova | |
Composting | Heat Drying | |
Heat Treatment | Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion | |
Beta Ray Irradiation | Gamma Ray Irradiation | |
Pasteurization | PFRP Equivalent Process |
Note: Copies of this section are available for inspection in the offices of the department of natural resources, secretary of state, and the legislative reference bureau, Madison, Wisconsin, or may be purchased from the superintendent of documents, U.S. government printing office, Washington DC 20402.
Table 6
Class B
Parameter | Unit | Limit |
Fecal Coliform | MPN or CFU/g TS | 2,000,000 |
OR ONE OF THE FOLLOWING PROCESS OPTIONS | ||
Aerobic Digestion | Air Drying | |
Anaerobic Digestion | Composting | |
Alkaline Stabilization | PSRP Equivalent |
Table 7
Vector Attraction Reduction
(One of the following shall be satisfied)
Option | Limit | Where/When Requirements Must Be Met |
Volatile Solids Reduction | >=38% | Across the process |
Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate | <=L5 mg O2/hr/g TS | On aerobic stabilized sludge |
Anaerobic benchscale test | <17% VS reduction | On anaerobic digested sludge |
Aerobic benchscale test | <15% VS reduction | On aerobic digested sludge |
Aerobic Process | >14 days, T >40°C and avg T >45°C | On composted sludge |
pH adjustment | >12 S.U. (for 2 hours) and >1L5 (for an additional 22 hours) | When applied or bagged |
Drying without primary solids | >75 % TS | When applied or bagged |
Drying with primary solids | >90 % TS | When applied or bagged |
Equivalent process | Determined by the department | Varies with process |
Injection | - | When applied |
Incorporation | - | When applied |
Wis. Admin. Code Department of Natural Resources NR 204.07