Section DHS 157.06 - General regulatory requirements(1) RECORDS. A licensee or registrant shall maintain records showing the receipt, transfer and disposal of all sources of radiation until the department terminates the license or registration authorizing possession of the device or material, and for 3 years following transfer or disposal of the device or material. Note: Additional record requirements are specified elsewhere in this chapte
(2) INSPECTIONS. (a) A licensee or registrant shall afford the department at all reasonable times opportunity to inspect sources of radiation, packaging and the premises and facilities on which the sources of radiation are used or stored and consult with workers.(b) Each licensee and registrant shall make available to the department for inspection, upon reasonable notice, records maintained under this chapter.(c) The department shall provide official notification in writing of the inspection findings, including any notice of violation, to the licensee or registrant.(3) TESTS. A licensee or registrant shall perform upon instructions from the department, or shall permit the department to perform, such reasonable tests as the department deems appropriate or necessary including tests of any of the following: (a) Sources of radiation.(b) Facilities wherein sources of radiation are used or stored.(c) Radiation detection and monitoring instruments. (d) Other equipment and devices used with utilization or storage of licensed or registered sources of radiation.(4) UNITS OF EXPOSURE AND DOSE. (a) The unit of exposure is the coulomb per kilogram of air. One roentgen is equal to 2.58E-4 coulomb per kilogram of air.(b) The units of dose are any of the following: 1. Gray is the SI unit of absorbed dose. One gray is equal to an absorbed dose of one joule per kilogram (100 rad).2. Rad is the special unit of absorbed dose. One rad is equal to an absorbed dose of 100 erg per gram or 0.01 joule per kilogram.3. Rem is the special unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in rem is equal to the absorbed dose in rad multiplied by the quality factor. Note: 0.01 sievert equals one rem.
4. Sievert is the SI unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in sievert is equal to the absorbed dose in gray multiplied by the quality factor. Note: One sievert equals 100 rem
(c) The quality factors for converting absorbed dose to dose equivalent are shown in Table DHS 157.06A. Table DHS 157.06A
Quality Factors and Absorbed Dose Equivalencies
Type of Radiation | Quality Factor (Q) | Absorbed Dose Equal to a Unit Dose Equivalent |
X, gamma, or beta radiation and high-speed electrons | 1 | 1 |
Alpha particles, multiple-charged particles, fission fragments and heavy particles of unknown charge | 20 | 0.05 |
Neutrons of unknown energy | 10 | 0.1 |
High-energy protons | 10 | 0.1 |
Note: Absorbed dose in gray equal to one Sv or the absorbed dose in rad equal to one rem.
(d) If it is more convenient to measure the neutron fluence rate than to determine the neutron dose equivalent rate in sievert per hour or rem per hour, as provided in par. (c), 0.01 Sv (1 rem) of neutron radiation of unknown energies may be assumed to result from a total fluence of 25 million neutrons per square centimeter incident upon the body. If sufficient information exists to estimate the approximate energy distribution of the neutrons, a licensee or registrant may use the fluence rate per unit dose equivalent or the appropriate Q value from Table DHS 157.06B to convert a measured tissue dose in gray or rad to dose equivalent in sievert or rem. Table DHS 157.06B
Mean Quality Factors, Q, and Fluence Per Unit Dose
Equivalent for Monoenergetic Neutrons
Neutron Energy (MeV) | Quality Factora (Q) | Fluence per unit dose Equiva-lentb (neutrons cm-2 rem-1) | Fluence per unit dose Equivalent (neutrons cm-2 Sv-1) |
(thermal) | 2.5E-8 | 2 | 980E+6 | 980E+8 |
1E-7 | 2 | 980E+6 | 980E+8 |
1E-6 | 2 | 810E+6 | 810E+8 |
1E-5 | 2 | 810E+6 | 810E+8 |
1E-4 | 2 | 840E+6 | 840E+8 |
1E-3 | 2 | 980E+6 | 980E+8 |
1E-2 | 2.5 | 1010E+6 | 1010E+8 |
1E-1 | 7.5 | 170E+6 | 170E+8 |
5E-1 | 11 | 39E+6 | 39E+8 |
1 | 11 | 27E+6 | 27E+8 |
2.5 | 9 | 29E+6 | 29E+8 |
5 | 8 | 23E+6 | 23E+8 |
7 | 7 | 24E+6 | 24E+8 |
10 | 6.5 | 24E+6 | 24E+8 |
14 | 7.5 | 17E+6 | 17E+8 |
20 | 8 | 16E+6 | 16E+8 |
40 | 7 | 14E+6 | 14E+8 |
60 | 5.5 | 16E+6 | 16E+8 |
1E+2 | 4 | 20E+6 | 20E+8 |
2E+2 | 3.5 | 19E+6 | 19E+8 |
3E+2 | 3.5 | 16E+6 | 16E+8 |
4E+2 | 3.5 | 14E+6 | 14E+8 |
a Value of quality factor at the point where the dose equivalent is maximum in a 30-centimeter diameter cylinder tissue-equivalent phantom.
b Monoenergetic neutrons incident normally on a 30-centimeter diameter cylinder tissue-equivalent phantom.
(5) UNITS OF ACTIVITY. For purposes of this chapter, activity is expressed in the SI unit of becquerel or in the special unit of curie, or their multiples, or disintegrations or transformations per unit of time. One becquerel = one disintegration or transformation per second. One curie = 3.7E+10 disintegrations or transformations per second = 3.7E+10 becquerel = 2.22E+12 disintegrations or transformations per minute.Wis. Admin. Code Department of Health Services DHS 157.06
CR 01-108: cr. Register July 2002 No. 559, eff. 8-1-02.