These rules are adopted under 30 V.S.A. § 53. This document shall be known and cited as the 2020 Vermont Commercial Building Energy Standard Amendments. The 2018 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) (First Printing: August 2017) and ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings published by International Code Council (ICC), Inc., as amended, are incorporated by reference and are available on the ICC website at: www.iccsafe.org The IECC is amended herein as follows.
PREFACE
delete and replace Preface as follows:
Introduction
The 2020 Vermont Commercial Building Energy Standards (CBES) is based on the International Energy Conservation Code (R) (IECC) 2018 edition and incorporates elements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings.
This comprehensive energy conservation code establishes minimum regulations for energy efficient buildings using prescriptive and performance-related provisions. It is founded on broad-based principles that make possible the use of new materials and new energy efficient designs.
The International Energy Conservation Code provisions provide many benefits, among which is the model code development process that offers an international forum for energy professionals to discuss performance and prescriptive code requirements. This model code also encourages international consistency in the application of provisions.
Development
This 2020 CBES is founded on principles intended to establish provisions consistent with the scope of an energy conservation code that adequately conserves energy; provisions that do not unnecessarily increase construction costs; provisions that do not restrict the use of new materials, products or methods of construction; and provisions that do not give preferential treatment to particular types or classes of materials, products or methods of construction.
Background
The Vermont Commercial Building Energy Standards (CBES) was adopted by statute ( 30 V.S.A. § 53 ) in 2006. This code applies to all commercial buildings and residential building 4 stories or greater above grade in Vermont and took effect January 1, 2007.
Update Process
The Commercial Building Energy Standards statute requires that revisions to the CBES are made promptly after the issuance of updated standards under the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC). The Department of Public Service (PSD) is required to convene stakeholders that include mortgage lenders, builders, building designers, utility representatives, and other persons with experience and expertise prior to the adoption of a revised CBES to provide recommendations.
The 2020 CBES is based on the language in the International Energy Conservation Code (R) (IECC) 2018 edition and incorporates elements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings. The 2020 CBES includes a new "Additional Efficiency Package options" section based upon a points approach to code compliance based upon building usage. The addition of "points" provides builders and designers greater flexibility in complying with CBES. The Vermont PSD held a series of stakeholder meetings in 2018 and 2019 to gather feedback on proposed changes to CBES. The revisions presented in this document were modified based on input received from these meetings.
EFFECTIVE USE OF THE 2020 VERMONT COMMERCIAL BUILDING ENERGY STANDARDS
The 2020 Vermont Commercial Building Energy Standards (CBES) is a code that regulates minimum energy conservation requirements for new buildings as well as additions, alterations, renovations, and repairs to existing buildings. The 2020 CBES addresses energy conservation requirements for all aspects of energy uses in commercial construction, including heating and ventilating, lighting, water heating, and power usage for appliances and building systems.
The 2020 CBES is a design document. For example, before constructing a building, the designer must determine the minimum insulation R -values and fenestration U -factors for the building exterior envelope. The CBES sets forth minimum requirements for exterior envelope insulation, window and door U -factors and SHGC ratings, duct insulation, lighting and power efficiency, mechanical ventilation, and water distribution insulation.
Arrangement and Format of the 2020 CBES
The 2020 CBES, like other codes published by ICC, is arranged and organized to follow sequential steps that generally occur during a plan review or inspection. The 2020 CBES is divided into six different parts:
Chapters | Subjects |
1-2 | Scope, Administration and Definitions |
3 | General Requirements |
4 | Commercial Energy Efficiency |
5 | Existing Buildings |
6 | Referenced Standards |
Italicized Terms
Selected terms set forth in Chapter 2: Definitions, are italicized where they appear in code text. Such terms are not italicized where the definition set forth in Chapter 2 does not impart the intended meaning in the use of the term. The terms selected have definitions that the user should read carefully to facilitate better understanding of the code.
The following is a chapter-by-chapter synopsis of the scope and intent of the provisions of the 2020 Vermont Commercial Building Energy Standards:
The terms defined in Chapter 2 are deemed to be of prime importance in establishing the meaning and intent of the code text. The user of the code should be familiar with and consult this chapter because the definitions are essential to the correct interpretation of the code and the user may not be aware that a term is defined.
Where understanding of a term's definition is especially key to or necessary for understanding of a particular code provision, the term is shown in italics wherever it appears in the code. This is true only for those terms that have a meaning that is unique to the code. In other words, the generally understood meaning of a term or phrase might not be sufficient or consistent with the meaning prescribed by the code; therefore, it is essential that the code-defined meaning be known.
Guidance regarding tense, gender and plurality of defined terms as well as guidance regarding terms not defined in this code is provided.
Chapter 6 is organized in a manner that makes it easy to locate specific standards. It lists all of the referenced standards, alphabetically, by acronym of the promulgating agency of the standard. Each agency's standards are then listed in either alphabetical or numeric order based upon the standard identification. The list also contains the title of the standard; the edition (date) of the standard referenced; any addenda included as part of the ICC adoption; and the section or sections of this code that reference the standard.
Marginal Markings
Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a technical change from the requirements of the IECC 2015 and 2018 edition. Vermont specific additions and changes are designated through dotted lines in the margin. Deletion indicators in the form of an arrow are provided in the margin where an entire section, paragraph, exception or table has been deleted or an item in a list of items or a table has been deleted.
Abbreviations and Notations
The following is a list of common abbreviations and units of measurement used in this code. Some of the abbreviations are for terms defined in Chapter 2. Others are terms used in various tables and text of the code.
AFUE | Annual fuel utilization efficiency |
bhp | Brake horsepower (fans) |
Btu | British thermal unit |
Btu/h-ft2 | Btu per hour per square foot |
C -factor | See Chapter 2--Definitions |
CDD | Cooling degree days |
cfm | Cubic feet per minute |
cfm/ft2 | Cubic feet per minute per square foot |
ci | Continuous insulation |
COP | Coefficient of performance |
DCV | Demand control ventilation |
[EARTHWORM] | Degrees Celsius |
[BANG] | Degrees Fahrenheit |
DWHR | Drain water heat recovery |
DX | Direct expansion |
E c | Combustion efficiency |
E v | Ventilation efficiency |
E t | Thermal efficiency |
EER | Energy efficiency ratio |
EF | Energy factor |
ERI | Energy Rating index |
F -factor | See Chapter 2--Definitions |
FDD | Fault detection and diagnostics |
FEG | Fan efficiency grade |
FL | Full load |
ft2 | Square foot |
gpm | Gallons per minute |
HDD | Heating degree days |
HERS | Home Energy Rating System |
hp | Horsepower |
HSPF | Heating seasonal performance factor |
HVAC | Heating, ventilating and air conditioning |
IEER | Integrated energy efficiency ratio |
IPLV | Integrated Part Load Value |
Kg/m2 | Kilograms per square meter |
kW | Kilowatt |
LPD | Light power density (lighting power allowance) |
L/s | Liters per second |
Ls | Liner system |
m2 | square meters |
MERV | Minimum efficiency reporting value |
NAECA | National Appliance Energy Conservation Act |
NPLV | Nonstandard Part Load Value |
Pa | Pascal |
PF | Projection factor |
pcf | Pounds per cubic foot |
PSD | Department of Public Service (Vermont) |
psf | Pounds per square foot |
PTAC | Packaged terminal air conditioner |
PTHP | Packaged terminal heat pump |
R -value | See Chapter 2--Definitions |
SCOP | Sensible coefficient of performance |
SEER | Seasonal energy efficiency ratio |
SHGC | Solar Heat Gain Coefficient |
SPVAC | Single packaged vertical air conditioner |
SPVHP | Single packaged vertical heat pump |
SRI | Solar reflectance index |
SWHF | Service water heat recovery factor |
U -factor | See Chapter 2--Definitions |
VAV | Variable air volume |
VRF | Variable refrigerant flow |
VT | Visible transmittance |
W | Watts |
w.c. | Water column |
w.g. | Water gauge |
Add, amend, delete and replace as follows:
- delete and replace - C101.1 Title:
This code shall be known as the 2020 Commercial Building Energy Standards (CBES) of Vermont and shall be cited as such. It is referred to herein as "this code."
- delete and replace - C101.2 Scope:
This code applies to commercial buildings and the buildings' sites and provides the minimum energy-efficient requirements for the design and construction, and a plan for operation and maintenance of:
Exception: This code shall not apply to farm structures as defined in 24 V.S.A. § 4413.
- delete and replace - C101.3 Intent:
This code shall regulate the design and construction of buildings for the effective use and conservation of energy over the useful life of each building. This code is intended to provide flexibility to permit the use of innovative approaches and techniques to achieve this objective. This code is not intended to abridge safety, health or environmental requirements contained in other applicable codes or ordinances.
This code has been designed to minimize any conflict or difference between other adopted codes and standards. Where there is conflict between the codes or codes and standards, the Life Safety Code (NFPA 101), Fire Code (NFPA 1), and the IBC shall apply. Where one code or standard has a requirement and another code or standard does not have a requirement, the code or standard with a requirement shall apply.
- delete and replace - C101.4.1 Mixed occupancy.
Where a building includes both residential and commercial occupancies, the following shall apply:
- add - C101.4.2 Application to existing buildings.
Existing buildings shall follow the provisions of Chapter 5 of this code.
- delete and replace - C101.5 Compliance.
Residential buildings shall meet the provisions of the 2020 Residential Building Energy Standards (RBES), and Commercial buildings shall meet the provisions of the 2020 Commercial Building Energy Standards (CBES).
- delete and replace - C101.5.1 Compliance materials.
The code official or other authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to approve specific computer software, worksheets, compliance manuals and other similar materials that meet the intent of this code.
At the time of application for a construction permit, where required, the designer shall include a statement on the submitted stamped drawings that the design complies with the requirements of the CBES.
- add - C101.5.2 Exempt buildings.
The following buildings, or portions thereof separated from the remainder of the building by building thermal envelope assemblies complying with Section C402 shall be exempt from the building thermal envelope provisions of Section C402.
- delete and replace - C102.1 General.
The provisions of this code are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any design or method of construction not specifically prescribed by this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved. An alternative material, design or method of construction shall be approved where the code official or other authority having jurisdiction finds that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies with the intent of the provisions of this code, and that the material, method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, not less than the equivalent of that prescribed in this code in quality, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety. Where the alternative material, design or method of construction is not approved, the code official or other authority having jurisdiction shall respond in writing, stating the reasons why the alternative was not approved.
- delete and replace - C103.1 General.
Where required construction documents and other supporting data shall be submitted in one or more sets with each application for a permit. The construction documents shall be prepared by a registered design professional where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed. Where special conditions exist, the code official or other authority having jurisdiction is authorized to require necessary construction documents to be prepared by a registered design professional.
Exception: The code official or other authority having jurisdiction is authorized to waive the requirements for construction documents or other supporting data if the code official or other authority having jurisdiction determines they are not necessary to confirm compliance with this code.
- delete and replace - C103.2 Information on construction documents.
Where required construction documents shall be drawn to scale on suitable material. Electronic media documents are permitted to be submitted where approved by the code official or other authority having jurisdiction. Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed, and show in sufficient detail pertinent data and features of the building, systems and equipment as herein governed. Details shall include, but are not limited to, the following as applicable:
Mechanical equipment schedules shall be included in the submitted construction documents and shall include, but are not limited to, the following information:
- delete and replace - C103.3 Examination of documents.
The code official or other authority having jurisdiction shall examine or cause to be examined the accompanying construction documents and shall ascertain whether the construction indicated and described is in accordance with the requirements of this code and other pertinent laws or ordinances. The code official or other authority having jurisdiction is authorized to utilize a registered design professional, or other approved entity not affiliated with the building design or construction, in conducting the review of the plans and specifications for compliance with the code.
- delete and replace - C103.3.1 Approval of construction documents.
When the code official or other authority having jurisdiction issues a permit where construction documents are required, the construction documents shall be endorsed in writing and stamped "Reviewed for Code Compliance." Such approved construction documents shall not be changed, modified or altered without authorization from the code official or other authority having jurisdiction. Work shall be done in accordance with the approved construction documents.
One set of construction documents so reviewed shall be retained by the code official. The other set shall be returned to the applicant, kept at the site of work and shall be open to inspection by the code official or other authority having jurisdiction or a duly authorized representative.
- delete -
This code shall not require changes in the construction documents, construction or designated occupancy of a structure for which a lawful permit has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully authorized, and the construction of which has been pursued in good faith within 180 days after the effective date of this code and has not been abandoned.
- delete and replace - C103.3.3 Phased approval.
The code official or other authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to issue a permit for the construction of part of an energy conservation system before the construction documents for the entire system have been submitted or approved, provided that adequate information and detailed statements have been filed complying with all pertinent requirements of this code. The holders of such permit shall proceed at their own risk without assurance that the permit for the entire energy conservation system will be granted.
- delete and replace - C103.5 Retention of construction documents.
One set of approved construction documents shall be retained by the code official or other authority having jurisdiction for a period of not less than 180 days from date of completion of the permitted work, or as required by state or local laws.
- delete and replace - C103.6 Building documentation.
The construction documents shall specify that the documents described in this section be provided to the building owner or owner's authorized agent within 90 days of the date of receipt of the certificate of occupancy.
- delete and replace - C103.6.2 Compliance documentation.
Energy code compliance documentation and supporting calculations shall be delivered in one document to the building owner as part of the project record documents or manuals, or as a standalone document. This document shall include the specific energy code edition utilized for compliance determination for each system, documentation demonstrating compliance with Section C303.1.3 for each fenestration product installed, and the interior lighting power compliance path, building area or space-by-space, used to calculate the lighting power allowance.
For projects complying with Item 1 of Section C401.2, the documentation shall include:
- delete -- SECTION C104 FEES (C104.1 through C104.5) in its entirety
- delete and replace - C105.1 General.
Where required, construction or work for which a permit is required shall be subject to inspection by the code official or other authority having jurisdiction, his or her designated agent or an approved agency, and such construction or work shall remain visible and able to be accessed for inspection purposes until approved. Approval as a result of an inspection shall not be construed to be an approval of a violation of the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Inspections presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. It shall be the duty of the permit applicant to cause the work to remain visible and able to be accessed for inspection purposes. Neither the code official or other authority having jurisdiction, nor the jurisdiction shall be liable for expense entailed in the removal or replacement of any material, product, system or building component required to allow inspection to validate compliance with this code.
- delete - C105.2 Required Inspections and its subsections (C105.2.1 through C105.2.6) and replace with the following-
Work shall not be done beyond the point indicated in each successive inspection without first obtaining the approval of the code official or other authority having jurisdiction. The code official or other authority having jurisdiction, upon notification, shall make the requested inspections and shall either indicate the portion of the construction that is satisfactory as completed, or notify the permit holder or his or her agent wherein the same fails to comply with this code. Any portions that do not comply shall be corrected and such portion shall not be covered or concealed until authorized by the code official or other authority having jurisdiction.
Where applicable, the building shall have a final inspection and shall not be occupied until approved. The final inspection shall include verification of the installation and proper operation of all required building controls, and documentation verifying activities associated with required building commissioning have been conducted and findings of noncompliance corrected.
- delete and replace - C105.3 Reinspection.
A building shall be reinspected where determined necessary by the code official or other authority having jurisdiction.
- delete and replace - C105.4 Approved inspection agencies.
The code official or other authority having jurisdiction is authorized to accept reports of third-party inspection agencies not affiliated with the building design or construction, provided that such agencies are approved as to qualifications and reliability relevant to the building components and systems that they are inspecting.
- delete and replace - C105.5 Inspection requests.
It shall be the duty of the holder of the permit or their duly authorized agent to notify the code official or other authority having jurisdiction when work is ready for inspection. It shall be the duty of the permit holder to provide access to and means for inspections of such work that are required by this code.
- delete and replace - C105.6 Reinspection and testing.
Where any work or installation does not pass an initial test or inspection, the necessary corrections shall be made to achieve compliance with this code. The work or installation shall then be resubmitted to the code official or other authority having jurisdiction for inspection and testing.
- delete and replace - C105.7 Approval.
After the prescribed tests and inspections indicate that the work complies in all respects with this code, a notice of approval shall be issued by the code official or other authority having jurisdiction.
- delete and replace - C105.7.1 Revocation.
The code official or other authority having jurisdiction is authorized to suspend or revoke, in writing, a notice of approval issued under the provisions of this code wherever the certificate is issued in error, or on the basis of incorrect information supplied, or where it is determined that the building or structure, premise, or portion thereof is in violation of any ordinance or regulation or any of the provisions of this code.
- delete -- SECTION C108 STOP WORK ORDER (C108.1 through C108.4) in its entirety
- delete -- SECTION C109 BOARD OF APPEALS (C109.1 through C109.3) in its entirety
- delete and replace - C201.3 Terms defined in other codes and standards.
Terms that are not defined in this code but are defined in the International Building Code, International Fire Code, International Fuel Gas Code, International Mechanical Code, International Plumbing Code, or ASHRAE Standard 62.1 or by ANSI/SMACNA shall have the meanings ascribed to them in those codes and standards.
- delete and replace - AIR CURTAIN. A device, installed at the building entrance, that generates and discharges a laminar air stream intended to prevent or reduce the infiltration of external, unconditioned air into the conditioned spaces, or the loss of interior, conditioned air to the outside.
- delete and replace - APPROVED. Approval by the code official or other authority having jurisdiction as a result of investigation and tests conducted by him or her, or by reason of accepted principles or tests by nationally recognized organizations.
- delete and replace - APPROVED AGENCY. An established and recognized agency that is regularly engaged in conducting tests or furnishing inspection services, or furnishing product certification research reports, where such agency has been approved by the code official or other authority having jurisdiction.
- add - BIODIESEL. Mono alkyl esters derived from plant or animal matter that meet the registration requirements for fuels and fuel additives established by the Environmental Protection Agency under section 211 of the Clean Air Act ( 42 U.S.C. § 7545 ), and the requirements of ASTM D6751.
- add - BIOMASS. The vegetation removed from the forest, usually logging slash, small-diameter trees, tops, limbs, or trees. This includes wood logs, wood pellets and wood chips.
- add - CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SYSTEMS. Lighting systems meant to mimic natural daylight by having different color correlated temperature (CCT) settings at different times of day. This may be accomplished by a single light source that can change CCT electronically or by using multiple light sources, each with a different CCT.
- add - CLERESTORY. An outside wall of a room or building that rises above an adjoining roof and contains fenestration.
- delete and replace - CODE OFFICIAL. The officer or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of this code, or a duly authorized representative. The Vermont Public Service Department is not the code official and shall not be required to conduct inspections of construction or construction documents.
- add - COLD-CLIMATE HEAT PUMP. An air source heat pump with an inverter-driven, variable capacity compressor that is designed to provide full heating heat pump capacity and having a minimum COP of 1.75 or greater at maximum operating capacity at an outside air temperature of 5°F. The indoor and outdoor units must be part of an AHRI matched system.
- add - COMMERCIAL BUILDING ENERGY STANDARDS (CBES). The Vermont non-residential Energy Code, based on the 2018 IECC, but modified substantially.
- delete and replace - CONDITIONED SPACE. An area, room or space that is enclosed within the building thermal envelope and is directly or indirectly heated by a heating system whose output capacity is greater than 14 Btu/h.ft [2] of floor area or directly or indirectly cooled by a cooling system whose sensible output capacity is greater than or equal to 3.4 Btu/h.ft [2] of floor area. Spaces are indirectly heated or cooled where they communicate through openings with conditioned spaces, where they are separated from conditioned spaces by uninsulated walls, floors or ceilings, or where they contain uninsulated ducts, piping or other sources of heating or cooling.
- add - DC Fast Charge, DC Fast Charge uses a 480V, direct-current (DC) plug, sometimes knows as Level 3.
- add - DESIGN PROFESSIONAL/AGENCY. An individual or group of individuals who are registered, licensed or experienced to practice their respective design profession as defined by the laws of the state or jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed.
- add - DUCT FURNACE. A furnace normally installed in distribution ducts of air-conditioning systems to supply warm air for heating and which depends on a blower not furnished as part of the duct furnace for air circulation.
- add - FULLY SHIELDED FIXTURE. A fixture constructed and installed in such a manner that all light emitted by it, either directly from the lamp (bulb) or a diffusing element, or indirectly by reflection or refraction from any part of the fixture, is projected below the horizontal.
- add - FURNACE, WARM AIR. A self-contained, indirect-fired or electrically heated furnace that supplies heated air through ducts to spaces that require it.
- add - GROSS AREA OF EXTERIOR WALLS. The normal projection of all exterior walls, including the edge area of above grade floors and the area of all windows and doors installed therein (see "Exterior wall").
- add - HIGH-EFFICACY LAMPS/LIGHTING. Compact fluorescent lamps, light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, T-8 or smaller diameter linear fluorescent lamps, or other lamps with an efficacy of not less than 65 lumens per watt; or light fixtures of not less than 55 lumens per watt.
- delete and replace - HIGH SPEED DOOR. A door used primarily to facilitate vehicular access or material transportation, with a minimum opening rate of 32 inches (813 mm) per second, a minimum closing rate of 24 inches (610 mm) per second and that includes an automatic-closing device.
- add - LEVEL 1 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING. Level 1 charging uses a standard alternating current 120V outlet.
- add - LEVEL 2 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING. Level 2 uses a 240V alternating current outlet., also known as DC Fast Charge.
- add - LEVEL 3 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING. Level 3 uses a 480V, direct-current (DC) plug.
- delete and replace - LISTED. Equipment, materials, products or services included in a list published by an organization acceptable to the code official or other authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services and whose listing states either that the equipment, material, product or service meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
- add - METAL BUILDING. A complete integrated set of mutually dependent components and assemblies that form a building, which consists of a steel-framed superstructure and metal skin.
- add - METAL BUILDING ROOF. A roof that:
- add - METAL BUILDING WALL. A wall whose structure consists of metal spanning members supported by steel structural members (i.e., does not include spandrel glass or metal panels in curtain wall systems).
- add - MULTIFAMILY DWELLING. A building containing three or more dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent in nature and which are adjacent vertically or horizontally. If built side-by-side, at least one of the following is true:
- add - OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS. Building occupancies shall be defined by the 2018 International Building Code, which is summarized here. Discrepancies in the summary or further clarifications shall defer to the 2018 International Building Code.
Assembly Group A is the occupancy group used for buildings that are for the gathering of persons for purposes such as civic, social or religious functions; recreation, food or drink consumption or awaiting transportation.
The first occupancy group is A-1. The group is for the production and viewing of the performing arts, motion pictures, or television and radio studios admitting an audience.
The next occupancy group is A-2. The group includes assembly uses intended for food and/or drink consumption, such as: banquet halls, casino gambling areas, nightclubs, restaurants, cafeterias, taverns, and bars.
A-3 includes assembly uses intended for worship, recreation or amusement and other assembly uses not classified elsewhere in Group A such as: community halls, courtrooms, gymnasiums, and waiting areas in transportation terminals.
A-4 includes assembly uses intended for viewing of indoor sporting events and activities with spectator seating.
A-5 includes assembly uses intended for participation in or viewing outdoor activities.
Business Group B is the occupancy group used for office, professional or service-type transactions, including storage or records and accounts.
Educational Group E is the occupancy group used by six or more persons at any one time for educational purposes through the 12 [th ]grade.
Factory Industrial Group F is the occupancy group used for disassembling, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, repair or processing operation that are not classified as Group H or Group S.
High-hazard Group H is the occupancy group used for manufacturing, processing, generation or storage of materials that constitute a physical or health hazard.
Institutional Group I is the occupancy group used for more than 16 persons, excluding staff, who reside on a 24-hour basis in a supervised environment and receive custodial care.
Mercantile Group M is the occupancy group used for the display and sale of merchandise, and involves stocks of goods, wares or merchandise.
Residential Group R is the occupancy group used for buildings that include sleeping rooms and are not institutional. There are four different occupancy groups within R.
The first occupancy group is R-1. This group is for transient uses like hotels, motels and boarding houses.
R-2 is occupancies containing sleeping units or more than two dwelling units where the occupants are primarily permanent. This includes apartments, dormitories, fraternities and sororities. It also includes vacation timeshares (with more than two units) and convents and monasteries. Boarding houses or congregate living facilities with 16 or fewer occupants go into group R-3.
R-3 is for permanent occupancies that are not R-1, R-2, or R-4.
R-4 is for occupancies for more than five but not more than 16 persons, excluding staff, who reside on a 24-hour basis in a supervised residential environment and receive custodial care.
Storage Group S is the occupancy group used for storage that is not classified as a hazardous occupancy.
- delete and replace - ON-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY. Energy derived from solar radiation, wind, waves, tides, landfill gas, biogas, biomass or the internal heat of the earth. The energy system providing on-site renewable energy shall be located on the project site (see "Renewable Energy").
- add - RENEWABLE ENERGY. Energy produced using a technology that relies on a resource that is being consumed at a harvest rate at or below its natural regeneration rate including, but not limited to, solar hot water, solar hot air, solar photovoltaics, wind, and hydro.
- delete and replace - RESIDENTIAL BUILDING. For this code, includes detached one- and two-family dwellings and multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses) and Group R -2, R-3 and R-4 (see Occupancy Classifications) buildings three stories or less in height above grade plane.
- add - RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ENERGY STANDARDS (RBES). The Vermont Residential Energy Code based on the 2015 IECC.
- add - SEMI-CONDITIONED SPACE. An enclosed space within a building that is directly or indirectly heated by a heating system whose output capacity is less than or equal to 14 Btu/h.ft [2]of floor area; or if the space is directly or indirectly cooled and the cooling system's sensible output capacity is less than 3.4 Btu/h.ft [2] of floor area.
- delete -- Section C301 CLIMATE ZONES (C301.1 through C301.4) in its entirety.
- add -- C301.1 General
The State of Vermont, in its entirety, is classified as climate zone 6A
- add - C302.2 Climatic data [1].
-- Heating Design Temperature, 99.6%: 9°F
(ASHRAE Standard 169)
-- Cooling Design Temperature Dry-Bulb, 1.0%: 84°F
(ASHRAE Standard 169)
-- Cooling Design Temperature Wet-Bulb, 1.0%: 69°F
(ASHRAE Standard 169)
-- Heating Degree Days, 65° Base: 7,626
(ASHRAE Standard 169)
-- Cooling Degree Days, 50° Base: 2,183
(ASHRAE Standard 169)
Adjustments may be made only in the following cases:
- delete and replace -- TABLE C303.1.3(1)
TABLE C303.1.3(1)
DEFAULT GLAZED WINDOW,
GLASS DOOR AND SKYLIGHT U- FACTORS
FRAME TYPE | WINDOW AND GLASS DOOR | SKYLIGHT | ||
Single | Double | Single | Double | |
Metal | 1.20 | 0.80 | 2.00 | 1.30 |
Metal with Thermal Break | 1.10 | 0.65 | 1.90 | 1.10 |
Nonmetal or Metal Clad | 0.95 | 0.55 | 1.75 | 1.05 |
Glazed Block | 0.60 | |||
Metal Thermal Break.= A metal thermal break framed window shall incorporate the following minimum design characteristics: a) The thermal conductivity of the thermal break material shall be not more than 3.6 Btu-in/h/ft2/°F; b) The thermal break material must produce a gap in the frame material of not less than 0.210 inches; and c) All metal framing members of the products exposed to interior and exterior air shall incorporate a thermal break meeting the criteria in a) and b) above. |
- delete and replace -- C401.2 Application.
Commercial buildings shall comply with one of the following:
- delete and replace -- C401.2.1 Applicable provisions to Standard 90.1-2016.
Delete the equation for Performance Cost Index Target (PCI t) and replace with:
PCI t = [BPF x (BBUEC + BBREC)] / BBP.
Delete Table 4.2.1.1 Building Performance Factor (BPF) and replace with:
TABLE 4.2.1.1 Building Performance Factor (BPF)
Building Area Type a | Vermont BPF |
Multifamily | .62 |
Healthcare/hospital | .46 |
Hotel/motel | .48 |
Office | .43 |
Restaurant | .50 |
Retail | .44 |
School | .39 |
Warehouse | .53 |
All Others | .45 |
a. In cases where both a general building area type and a specific building area type are listed, the specific building area type shall apply |
Adjustments may be made only in the following cases:
Exceptions to Section 6.2.3:
*Buildings served by the City of Burlington Electric (BED) must also receive approval from BED before installing electric resistance heating equipment.
Exception: Instantaneous electric water heaters used to serve emergency showers and emergency eye wash stations.
Exception: Exterior lighting zone 0 shall follow LPD requirements given by ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2016 Table 9.4.4-2.
Exceptions:
Additional interior lighting power allowance = 250 W + (Retail Area 1 × 0.20 W/ft [2]) + (Retail Area 2 × 0.20 W/ft [2]) + (Retail Area 3 × 0.50 W/ft [2]) + (Retail Area 4 × 0.90 W/ft [2]) 28.
ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2016 Section 10.4 Mandatory Provisions. Add the following sections
- add -- C401.2.2 Application to replacement fenestration products.
Where some or all of an existing fenestration unit is replaced with a new fenestration product, including sash and glazing, the replacement fenestration unit shall meet the applicable requirements for U- factor and SHGC in Table C402.3.
Exception: An area-weighted average of the U- factor of replacement fenestration products being installed in the building for each fenestration product category listed in Table C402.3 shall be permitted to satisfy the U- factor requirements for each fenestration product category listed in Table C402.3. Individual fenestration products from different product categories listed in Table C402.3 shall not be combined in calculating the area-weighted average U- factor.
-
add
30 V.S.A. § 53. requires certification that both the design and the construction of a commercial building is in compliance with the CBES.
Certification shall be issued by completing and signing a certificate permanently and affixing it to the outside of the heating or cooling equipment, to the electrical service panel and located inside the building, or in a visible location in the immediate vicinity of one of these three areas. Copies of the signed certification documents shall be sent to the local town clerk and to the Vermont Public Service Department.
- delete and replace -- C402.1 General (Prescriptive).
In addition to the envelope requirements of Section C402, envelope enhancements may be needed to meet the requirements of Section C406, Additional Efficiency Package Options. See Section C406.
Building thermal envelope assemblies for buildings that are intended to comply with the code on a prescriptive basis in accordance with the compliance path described in Item 1 of Section C401.2, shall comply with the following:
Exception: Semi-conditioned spaces do not have fenestration requirements.
Alternatively, where buildings have a vertical fenestration area or skylight area exceeding that allowed in Section C402.3, the building and building thermal envelope shall comply with Section C401.2, Item 2.
Walk-in coolers, walk-in freezers, refrigerated warehouse coolers and refrigerated warehouse freezers shall comply with Section C403.10.1.
- delete - C402.1.1 Low-energy buildings.
- delete - C402.1.2 Equipment buildings.
- add - C402.1.1 Insulation component R-value-based method.
Building thermal envelope opaque assemblies shall comply with the requirements of Sections C402.2 and C402.3. For opaque portions of the building thermal envelope intended to comply on an insulation component R-value basis, the R -values for insulation shall be not less than that specified in the " Minimum R-values " columns of Table C402.1(1). Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing conditioned spaces shall use the R -values from the " Conditioned Space " column of Table C402.1(1). Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing semi-conditioned spaces shall use the R -values from the "Semi-conditioned Space" column of Table C402.1(1). Walls between conditioned and semi-conditioned spaces shall use the R -values from the "Semi-conditioned Space" column of Table C402.1(1).
- add - C402.1.2 Assembly U-factor, C-factor or F-factor-based method.
Building thermal envelope opaque assemblies shall meet the requirements of Sections C402.2 and C402.3. Building thermal envelope opaque assemblies intended to comply on an assembly U-, C - or F -factor basis shall have a U-, C - or F -factor not greater than that specified in the " Maximum Overall U-factor " columns of Table C402.1(1). Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing conditioned spaces shall use the U-, C - or F -factor from the " Conditioned Space " column of Table C402.1(1). Commercial buildings or portions of commercial buildings enclosing semi-conditioned spaces shall use the U-, C - or F -factor from the "Semi-conditioned Space" column of Table C402.1(1). Walls between conditioned and semi-conditioned spaces shall use the R -values from the "Semi-conditioned Space" column of Table C402.1(1).
- delete -- TABLE C402.1.3 OPAQUE THERMAL ENVELOPE INSULATION COMPONENT MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS, R-VALUE METHOD
- delete - TABLE C402.1.4 OPAQUE THERMAL ENVELOPE ASSEMBLY MAXIMUM REQUIREMENTS, U-FACTOR METHOD
- add -- Table C402.1 (1) BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS--OPAQUE ASSEMBLIES AND ELEMENTS
TABLE C402.1(1)
BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS--OPAQUE ASSEMBLIES AND ELEMENTS [a, b]
COMPONENT | MAXIMUM OVERALL U -FACTOR a | MINIMUM R -VALUES | ||
Conditioned Space | Semi-conditioned Space | Conditioned Space | Semi-conditioned Space | |
Roofs | ||||
Insulation entirely above deck | U-0.025 | U-0.039 | R-40ci | R-25ci |
Metal buildings a | U-0.026 | U-0.037 | R-25+R-11+R-11 LS | R-19 + R-11 LS or R-25 + R-8 LS |
Attic and Other | U-0.021 | U-0.034 | R-49 | R-30 |
Walls, Above grade | ||||
Mass | U-0.048 | U-0.104 | R-19ci | R-9.5ci |
Metal building a | U-0.044 | U-0.060 | R-13 + R-17ci or R-22.1ci | R-15.8ci |
Metal-framed | U-0.044 | U-0.064 | R-13 + R-15ci or R-20ci | R-13 + R-7.5ci |
Wood-framed and other | U-0.042 | U-0.064 | R-13 + R-12ci or R-19 + R-8ci or R-20ci | R-13 + R-3.8ci |
Walls, Below Grade | ||||
Below-grade wall | C-0.063 | C-0.119 | R-15ci | R-7.5ci |
Floors | ||||
Mass d | U-0.051 | U-0.087 | R-16.7ci | R-8.3ci |
Joist/Framing--Metal | U-0.032 | U-0.052 | R-38 | R-19 |
Joist/Framing--Wood and Other | U-0.033 | U-0.051 | R-30 | R-19 |
Slab-on-Grade Floors | ||||
Unheated slabs | F-0.36 | F-0.54 | R-10 for entire slab and around perimeter | R-10 for 24 in. |
Heated slabs e | F-0.373 | F-0.55 | R-20 for entire slab and around perimeter | R-10 for entire slab and around perimeter |
Opaque Doors | ||||
Swinging | U-0.37 | N/A | ||
Non-Swinging | N/A | R-4.75 | ||
Upward-acting, Sectional | N/A | R-10 | ||
Garage door <14% glazing | U-0.31 | N/A | ||
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 4.88 kg/m 2, 1 pound per cubic foot = 16 kg/m 3. ci = Continuous insulation, NR = No Requirement, LS = Liner System. a. For all envelope categories the use of opaque assembly U-factors, C-factors, and F-factors from ANSI/ ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2016 Appendix A shall be permitted, provided the construction, excluding the cladding system on walls, complies with the appropriate construction details from ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2016 Appendix A. Alternatively, Table C402.1(2) for metal building assembly descriptions, Table C402.1(3) for metal building roof assembly U-factors, Table 402.1(4) for attic roofs with wood joists U-factors, Table 402.1(5) for metal building wall assembly U-factors, Table 402.1(6) for metal-framed wall assembly U-factors, and Table 402.1(7) for wood-framed wall assembly U-factors may be used in lieu of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2016 Appendix A. b. Opaque assembly U -factors based on designs tested in accordance with ASTM C1363 shall be permitted. The R -value of continuous insulation shall be permitted to be added to or subtracted from the original tested design. c. Where heated slabs are below grade, below-grade walls shall comply with the F -factor requirements for heated slabs. d. "Mass floors" shall include floors weighing not less than: 1. 35 pounds per square foot of floor surface area; or 2. 25 pounds per square foot of floor surface area where the material weight is not more than 120 pounds per cubic foot. e. Evidence of compliance with the F-factors indicated in the table for heated slabs shall be demonstrated by the application of the unheated slab F -factors and R -values derived from ASHRAE 90.1-2016 Appendix A. |
- add -
TABLE C402.1(2) BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS--METAL BUILDING ASSEMBLY DESCRIPTIONS
TABLE C402.1(2) BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS--METAL BUILDING ASSEMBLY DESCRIPTIONS
BUILDING ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS-- METAL BUILDING ASSEMBLY DESCRIPTIONS | DESCRIPTION | REFERENCE |
ROOFS | ||
Liner system | A continuous membrane installed below the purlins and uninterrupted by framing members. Uncompressed, unfaced insulation rests on top of the membrane between the purlins. For multilayer installations, the last rated R- Value of insulation is for unfaced insulation draped over purlins and then compressed when the metal roof panels are attached. A minimum R-5 thermal spacer block between the purlins and the metal roof panels is required unless compliance is shown by the overall assembly U-factor. | ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1- 2016 |
Filled Cavity (Fc) | The first rated R-value of insulation represents faced or unfaced insulation installed between the purlins. The second rated R-value of insulation represents unfaced insulation installed above the first layer, perpendicular to the purlins and compressed when the metal roof panels are attached. A supporting structure retains the bottom of the first layer at the prescribed depth required for the full thickness of insulation. A minimum R-5 thermal spacer block between the purlins and the metal roof panels is required unless compliance is shown by the overall assembly U-factor . | ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1- 2016 |
WALLS | ||
R-13 + R-17ci | The first rated R -value of insulation is for insulation compressed between metal building wall panels and the steel structure. The second rated R -value is for continuous insulation (e.g., insulation boards). It is assumed that the insulation boards are installed on the inside of the girts and uninterrupted by the framing members. Insulation exposed to the conditioned space or semi-heated space shall have a facing, and all insulation seams shall be continuously sealed to pro- vide a continuous air barrier. | ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2016 |
R-22.1ci | The rated R -value is for continuous insulation (e.g., insulation boards). It is assumed that the insulation boards are installed on the inside of the girts and uninterrupted by the framing members. Insulation exposed to the conditioned space or semi-heated space shall have a facing, and all insulation seams shall be continuously sealed to provide a continuous air barrier. | ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1- 2016 |
- add - TABLE C402.1(3) ASSEMBLY U-FACTORS FOR METAL BUILDING ROOFS
- add - TABLE C402.1(4) ASSEMBLY U-FACTORS FOR ATTIC ROOFS WITH WOOD JOISTS
TABLE C402.1(4) ASSEMBLY U -FACTORS FOR ATTIC ROOFS WITH WOOD JOISTS
RATED R-VALUE OF INSULATION ALONE | OVERALL U-FACTOR FOR ENTIRE ROOF ASSEMBLY a |
Wood-Framed Attic, Standard Framing | |
R-30 | U-0.034 |
R-38 | U-0.027 |
R-49 | U-0.021 |
R-60 | U-0.017 |
R-71 | U-0.015 |
R-82 | U-0.013 |
R-93 | U-0.011 |
R-104 | U-0.010 |
R-115 | U-0.009 |
R-126 | U-0.008 |
Wood-Framed Attic, Advanced Framing | |
R-30 | U-0.032 |
R-38 | U-0.026 |
R-49 | U-0.020 |
R-60 | U-0.016 |
R-71 | U-0.014 |
R-82 | U-0.012 |
R-93 | U-0.011 |
R-104 | U-0.010 |
R-115 | U-0.009 |
R-126 | U-0.008 |
Wood Joists, Single-Rafter Roof b | |
R-30 | U-0.036 |
R-38 | U-0.029 |
R-38 + R-15ci | U-0.020 |
a. Shaded areas comply with minimum requirements for semi-conditioned spaces but not conditioned spaces. b. The first R-value is the cavity insulation, while the second value is the continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing. |
- add -
TABLE C402.1(5) ASSEMBLY U-FACTORS FOR METAL BUILDING WALLS
TABLE C402.1(5) ASSEMBLY U -FACTORS FOR METAL BUILDING WALLS
RATED R - VALUE OF INSULATION | OVERALL U- FACTOR FOR BASE WALL ASSEMBLY | OVERALL U -FACTORS FOR ASSEMBLY OF BASE WALL PLUS CONTINUOUS INSULATION (UNINTERRUPTED BY FRAMING) | ||||||||
R-6.5 | R-9.8 | R-13 | R-15.8 | R-19 | R-22.1 | R-25 | R-32 | R-38 | ||
Continuous Insulation Only | ||||||||||
R-0 | 1.180 | 0.060 | 0.050 | 0.044 | 0.039 | 0.030 | 0.026 | |||
Single Compressed Layer | ||||||||||
R-10 | 0.186 | 0.054 | 0.047 | 0.041 | 0.036 | 0.033 | 0.027 | 0.023 | ||
R-11 | 0.185 | 0.054 | 0.047 | 0.041 | 0.036 | 0.033 | 0.027 | 0.023 | ||
R-13 | 0.162 | 0.052 | 0.046 | 0.040 | 0.035 | 0.032 | 0.026 | 0.023 | ||
R-16 | 0.155 | 0.051 | 0.045 | 0.039 | 0.035 | 0.032 | 0.026 | 0.022 | ||
R-19 | 0.147 | 0.060 | 0.050 | 0.044 | 0.039 | 0.035 | 0.031 | 0.026 | 0.022 | |
Single Layer in Cavity | ||||||||||
R-25 a | 0.059 | 0.044 | 0.039 | 0.035 | 0.032 | 0.029 | 0.027 | 0.025 | 0.021 | 0.019 |
R-30 b | 0.052 | 0.042 | 0.037 | 0.033 | 0.031 | 0.028 | 0.026 | 0.024 | 0.021 | 0.019 |
Double Layer | ||||||||||
R-25 + R-10 | 0.047 | |||||||||
R-25 + R-16 | 0.042 | |||||||||
R-25 + R-10 c | 0.039 | |||||||||
R-30 + R-16 | 0.039 | |||||||||
Shaded areas comply with minimum requirements for semi-conditioned spaces but not conditioned spaces. a. A minimum R-0.375 thermal spacer block or thermal break strip is required when installed without continuous insulation. b. A minimum R-0.75 thermal spacer block or thermal break strip is required when installed without continuous insulation. c. A minimum R-3 thermal spacer block is required. |
- add - TABLE C402.1(6) ASSEMBLY U-FACTORS FOR METAL-FRAMED WALLS
TABLE C402.1(6) ASSEMBLY U -FACTORS FOR METAL-FRAMED WALLS
RATED R - VALUE OF CAVITY INSULATION (EFFECTIVE INSTALLED) | OVERALL U- FACTOR FOR BASE WALL ASSEMBLY | OVERALL U -FACTORS FOR ASSEMBLY OF BASE WALL PLUS CONTINUOUS INSULATION (UNINTERRUPTED BY FRAMING) | ||||||||||
R-12 | R-13 | R-14 | R-15 | R-20 | R-25 | R-30 | R-35 | R-40 | ||||
Steel Framing at 16 in. on Center and 3.5 in. Depth | ||||||||||||
R-0 (0.0) | 0.352 | 0.063 | 0.059 | 0.056 | 0.044 | 0.036 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.023 | |||
R-11 (5.5) | 0.132 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.036 | 0.031 | 0.027 | 0.024 | 0.021 | ||
R-13 (6.0) | 0.124 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.036 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.021 | ||
R-15 (6.4) | 0.118 | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.021 | ||
Steel Framing at 16 in. on Center and 6.0 in. Depth | ||||||||||||
R-19 (7.1) | 0.109 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.034 | 0.029 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.020 | ||
R-21 (7.4) | 0.106 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.034 | 0.029 | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.020 | ||
Steel Framing at 24 in. on Center and 3.5 in. Depth | ||||||||||||
R-0 (0.0) | 0.338 | 0.063 | 0.059 | 0.056 | 0.044 | 0.036 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.023 | |||
R-11 (6.6) | 0.116 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.021 | ||
R-13 (7.2) | 0.108 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.034 | 0.029 | 0.025 | 0.023 | 0.020 | ||
R-15 (7.8) | 0.102 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.034 | 0.029 | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.020 | ||
Steel Framing at 24 in. on Center and 6.0 in. Depth | ||||||||||||
R-19 (8.6) | 0.094 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.033 | 0.028 | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.020 | ||
R-21 (9.0) | 0.090 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.038 | 0.032 | 0.028 | 0.024 | 0.022 | 0.020 | ||
Shaded areas comply with minimum requirements for semi-conditioned spaces but not conditioned spaces. |
- add -
TABLE C402.1(7) ASSEMBLY U-FACTORS FOR WOOD-FRAMED WALLS
TABLE C402.1(7) ASSEMBLY U -FACTORS FOR WOOD-FRAMED WALLS
RATED R - VALUE OF CAVITY INSULATION (EFFECTIVE INSTALLED) | OVERALL U- FACTOR FOR BASE WALL ASSEMBLY | OVERALL U -FACTORS FOR ASSEMBLY OF BASE WALL PLUS CONTINUOUS INSULATION (UNINTERRUPTED BY FRAMING) | ||||||||||
R-6 | R-9 | R-12 | R-15 | R-20 | R-25 | R-30 | R-35 | R-40 | ||||
Wood Studs at 16 in. on Center and 3.5 in. Depth | ||||||||||||
R-0 (0.0) | 0.292 | 0.064 | 0.053 | 0.042 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.023 | ||||
R-11 (11.0) | 0.096 | 0.059 | 0.050 | 0.044 | 0.038 | 0.032 | 0.028 | 0.024 | 0.022 | 0.020 | ||
R-13 (13.0) | 0.089 | 0.056 | 0.047 | 0.041 | 0.037 | 0.031 | 0.027 | 0.024 | 0.021 | 0.019 | ||
R-15 (15.0) | 0.083 | 0.053 | 0.045 | 0.039 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.020 | 0.019 | ||
Wood Studs at 16 in. on Center and 5.5 in. Depth | ||||||||||||
R-19 (18.0) | 0.067 | 0.046 | 0.040 | 0.036 | 0.032 | 0.027 | 0.024 | 0.021 | 0.019 | 0.018 | ||
R-21 (21.0) | 0.063 | 0.043 | 0.038 | 0.034 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.021 | 0.019 | 0.017 | ||
Wood Studs at 16 in. on Center and R-10 Headers | ||||||||||||
R-19 (18.0) | 0.063 | 0.045 | 0.039 | 0.035 | 0.031 | 0.027 | 0.024 | 0.021 | 0.019 | 0.017 | ||
R-21 (21.0) | 0.059 | 0.042 | 0.037 | 0.033 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.020 | 0.018 | 0.017 | ||
Wood Studs at 24 in. on Center and 3.5 in. Depth | ||||||||||||
R-0 (0.0) | 0.298 | 0.064 | 0.054 | 0.042 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.023 | ||||
R-11 (11.0) | 0.094 | 0.059 | 0.050 | 0.043 | 0.038 | 0.032 | 0.027 | 0.024 | 0.022 | 0.019 | ||
R-13 (13.0) | 0.086 | 0.055 | 0.047 | 0.041 | 0.036 | 0.031 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.021 | 0.019 | ||
R-15 (15.0) | 0.080 | 0.052 | 0.044 | 0.039 | 0.035 | 0.029 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.020 | 0.018 | ||
Wood Studs at 24 in. on Center and 5.5 in. Depth | ||||||||||||
R-19 (18.0) | 0.065 | 0.045 | 0.039 | 0.035 | 0.032 | 0.027 | 0.024 | 0.021 | 0.019 | 0.018 | ||
R-21 (21.0) | 0.060 | 0.042 | 0.037 | 0.033 | 0.030 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.020 | 0.018 | 0.017 | ||
Wood Studs at 24 in. on Center and R-10 Headers | ||||||||||||
R-19 (18.0) | 0.062 | 0.044 | 0.039 | 0.034 | 0.031 | 0.027 | 0.024 | 0.021 | 0.019 | 0.017 | ||
R-21 (21.0) | 0.057 | 0.041 | 0.036 | 0.032 | 0.029 | 0.025 | 0.023 | 0.020 | 0.018 | 0.017 | ||
Shaded areas comply with minimum requirements for semi-conditioned spaces but not conditioned spaces. |
- delete -
- delete -
TABLE C402.1.4.1 EFFECTIVE R-VALUES FOR STEEL STUD WALL ASSEMBLIES
- delete -
- add -
Building envelope values and fenestration areas determined in accordance with Equation 4-1 shall be an alternative to compliance with the U- , F - and C -factors in Tables C402.1(1) and C402.3 and the maximum allowable fenestration areas in Section C402.3.1. Fenestration shall meet the applicable SHGC requirements of Section C402.3.3.
A + B + C + D + E </= Zero (Equation 4-1)
where:
A | = | Sum of the (UA Dif) values for each distinct assembly type of the building thermal envelope, other than slabs on grade and below-grade walls. |
UA Dif | = | UA Proposed - UA Table. |
UA Proposed | = | Proposed U -value × Area. |
UA Table | = | ( U -factor from Table C402.1(1) or C402.3) × Area. |
B | = | Sum of the (FL Dif) values for each distinct slab on-grade perimeter condition of the building thermal envelope. |
FL Dif | = | FL Proposed - FL Table. |
FL Proposed | = | Proposed F -value × Perimeter length. |
FL Table | = | ( F -factor specified in Table C402.1(1)) × Perimeter length. |
C | = | Sum of the (CA Dif) values for each distinct below-grade wall assembly type of the building thermal envelope. |
CA Dif | = | CA Proposed - CA Table. |
CA Proposed | = | Proposed C -value × Area. |
CA Table | = | (Maximum allowable C-factor specified in Table C402.1(1)) × Area. |
Where the proposed vertical glazing area is less than or equal to the maximum vertical glazing area allowed by Section C402.3.1, the value of D (Excess Vertical Glazing Value) shall be zero. Otherwise: | ||
D | = | (DA × UV) - (DA × U Wall), but not less than zero. |
DA | = | (Proposed Vertical Glazing Area) - (Vertical Glazing Area allowed by Section C402.3.1). |
UA Wall | = | Sum of the (UA Proposed) values for each opaque assembly of the exterior wall. |
U Wall | = | Area-weighted average U -value of all above-grade wall assemblies. |
UAV | = | Sum of the (UA Proposed) values for each vertical glazing assembly. |
UV | = | UAV/total vertical glazing area. |
Where the proposed skylight area is less than or equal to the skylight area allowed by Section C402.3.1, the value of E (Excess Skylight Value) shall be zero. Otherwise: | ||
E | = | (EA × US) - (EA × U Roof), but not less than zero. |
EA | = | (Proposed Skylight Area) - (Allowable Skylight Area as specified in Section C402.3.1). |
U Roof | = | Area-weighted average U -value of all roof assemblies. |
UAS | = | Sum of the (UA Proposed) values for each skylight assembly. |
US | = | UAS/total skylight area. |
- add -
Above-grade building envelope values determined in accordance with Equation 4-2 shall be an alternative to compliance with the U -factors in Tables C402.1(1) and C402.3 and the maximum allowable fenestration areas in Section C402.3.1. Below-grade walls, floors, and slabs shall meet the applicable requirements of Section C402.1.1 or C402.1.2. Fenestration shall meet the applicable SHGC requirements of Section C402.3.3.
UA-Total / Area </= 0.035 (Equation 4-2)
where:
UA-Total = Sum of the (UA) values for each distinct above-grade assembly type of the building thermal envelope including above-grade walls, roofs, doors, vertical fenestration, and skylights.
UA = Proposed U -value × Area.
Area = Surface area in square feet of the above-grade thermal barrier (above-grade wall area plus roof area).
- delete and replace - C402.2 Specific building thermal envelope insulation requirements (Prescriptive). Insulation in building thermal envelope opaque assemblies shall comply with Sections C402.2.1 through C402.2.8 and Table C402.1(1).
- delete and replace -
The minimum thermal resistance (R -value) of the insulating material installed either between the roof framing or continuously on the roof assembly shall be as specified in Table C402.1(1), based on construction materials used in the roof assembly. Insulation installed on a suspended ceiling having removable ceiling tiles shall not be considered as part of the minimum thermal resistance of the roof insulation. Continuous insulation board shall be installed in not less than 2 layers and the edge joints between each layer of insulation shall be staggered. Mechanical curbs shall be insulated to R-12.
Exceptions:
- delete and replace -
Skylight curbs shall be insulated to the level of roofs with insulation entirely above the deck or R-10, whichever is less.
Exception: Unit skylight curbs included as a component of a skylight listed and labeled in accordance with NFRC 100 shall not be required to be insulated.
- delete and replace -
The minimum thermal resistance (R -value) of materials installed in the wall cavity between framing members and continuously on the walls shall be as specified in Table C402.1(1), based on framing type and construction materials used in the wall assembly. The R -value of integral insulation installed in concrete masonry units shall not be used in determining compliance with Table C402.1(1) except as otherwise noted in the table. In determining compliance with Table C402.1(1), the use of the U- factor of concrete masonry units with integral insulation shall be permitted.
"Mass walls" where used as a component in the thermal envelope of a building shall comply with one of the following:
-delete - C402.2.3 Floors. - add - C402.2.3 Floors over outdoor air or unconditioned space.
The minimum thermal resistance (R-value) of the insulating material installed either between the floor framing, continuously above the floor assembly, or continuously below the floor assembly shall be as specified in Table C402.1(1), based on construction materials used in the floor assembly.
- delete and replace -
Where the slab on grade is in contact with the ground and insulation is not required for the entire slab, the minimum thermal resistance (R -value) of the insulation around the perimeter of unheated or heated slab-on-grade floors designed in accordance with the R -value method of Section C402.1.1 shall be as specified in Table C402.1(1). The perimeter insulation shall be placed on the outside of the foundation or on the inside of the foundation wall. The perimeter insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab for the minimum distance shown in the table. Insulation extending away from the building shall be protected by pavement or by not less than of 10 inches (254 mm) of soil.
Exception: Where the slab-on-grade floor is greater than 48 inches (122 mm) below the finished exterior grade, perimeter insulation is not required.
- delete and replace -
The C -factor for the below-grade exterior walls shall be in accordance with Table C402.1(1). The R -value of the insulating material installed continuously within or on the below-grade exterior walls of the building envelope shall be in accordance with Table C402.1(1). The C -factor or R -value required shall extend to a depth of not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) below the outside finished ground level, or to the level of the lowest floor of the conditioned space enclosed by the below-grade wall, whichever is less.
- delete and replace -
Radiant heating system panels, and their associated components that are installed in interior or exterior assemblies shall be insulated to an R -value of not less than R - 3.5 on all surfaces not facing the space being heated. Radiant heating system panels that are installed in the building thermal envelope shall be separated from the exterior of the building or unconditioned or exempt spaces by not less than the R- value of insulation installed in the opaque assembly in which they are installed or the assembly shall comply with Section C402.1.2.
Exception: Heated slabs on grade insulated in accordance with the " Heated slabs " row of Table 402.1(1).
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- delete -
TABLE C402.3 MINIMUM ROOF REFLECTANCE AND EMITTANCE OPTIONS
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- add -
Fenestration shall comply with Sections C402.3.1 through C402.3.5 and Table C402.3. Daylight responsive controls shall comply with this section and Section C405.2.3.1.
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TABLE C402.3 BUILDING ENVELOPE FENESTRATION MAXIMUM U-FACTOR AND SHGC REQUIREMENTS
TABLE C402.3
BUILDING ENVELOPE FENESTRATION MAXIMUM U-FACTOR AND SHGC REQUIREMENTS
Vertical fenestration | ||
U -factor | ||
Fixed fenestration | 0.29 | |
Operable fenestration | 0.37 | |
Entrance doors | 0.68 | |
SHGC | ||
Orientation a | SEW | N |
PF < 0.2 | 0.40 | 0.53 |
0.2 | 0.64 | 0.64 |
Skylights | ||
U -factor | 0.48 | |
SHGC | 0.38 | |
NR = No requirement, PF = Projection factor. a. "N" indicates vertical fenestration oriented within 45 degrees of true north. |
"SEW" indicates orientations other than "N."
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TABLE C402.4 BUILDING ENVELOPE FENESTRATION MAXIMUM U-FACTOR AND SHGC REQUIREMENTS
- modify - C402.4.1 Maximum area to C402.3.1 Maximum area
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- add -
Not more than 40 percent of the gross above-grade wall area shall be vertical fenestration, provided that all of the following requirements are met:
Exception: Fenestration that is outside the scope of NFRC 200 is not required to comply with Item 4.
- modify - C402.4.1.2 Increased skylight area with daylight responsive controls to C402.3.1.2 Increased skylight area with daylight responsive controls.
- delete -
- add -
In an enclosed space greater than 2,500 square feet (232 m [2 ]) in floor area, directly under a roof with not less than 75 percent of the ceiling area with a ceiling height greater than 15 feet (4572 mm), and used as an office, lobby, atrium, concourse, corridor, storage space, gymnasium/exercise center, convention center, automotive service area, space where manufacturing occurs, nonrefrigerated warehouse, retail store, distribution/sorting area, transportation depot or workshop, the total toplit daylight zone shall be not less than half the floor area and shall provide one of the following:
Skylight Effective Aperture =
(Equation 4-3)
where:
Skylight area = Total fenestration area of skylights.
Skylight VT = Area weighted average visible transmittance of skylights.
WF = Area weighted average well factor, where well factor is 0.9 if light well depth is less than 2 feet (610 mm), or 0.7 if light well depth is 2 feet (610 mm) or greater.
Light well depth = Measure vertically from the underside of the lowest point of the skylight glazing to the ceiling plane under the skylight.
Exception: Skylights above daylight zones of enclosed spaces are not required in:
- modify - C402.4.2.1 Lighting controls in toplit daylight zones to C402.3.2.1 Lighting controls in toplit daylight zones.
- modify -
- delete --
- add -
The maximum U -factor and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) for fenestration shall be as specified in Table C402.3.
The window projection factor shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-4.
PF = A/B (Equation 4-4)
where:
PF | = | Projection factor (decimal). |
A | = | Distance measured horizontally from the farthest continuous extremity of any overhang, eave or permanently attached shading device to the vertical surface of the glazing. |
B | = | Distance measured vertically from the bottom of the glazing to the underside of the overhang, eave or permanently attached shading device. |
Where different windows or glass doors have different PF values, they shall each be evaluated separately.
- delete --
- add -
Skylights shall be permitted a maximum SHGC of 0.57 where located above daylight zones provided with daylight responsive controls.
- delete --
- add -
Where skylights are installed above daylight zones provided with daylight responsive controls, a maximum U-factor of 0.72 shall be permitted.
- delete --
- add -
Where dynamic glazing is intended to satisfy the SHGC and VT requirements of Table C402.3, the ratio of the higher to lower labeled SHGC shall be greater than or equal to 2.4, and the dynamic glazing shall be automatically controlled to modulate the amount of solar gain into the space in multiple steps. Dynamic glazing shall be considered separately from other fenestration, and area-weighted averaging with other fenestration that is not dynamic glazing shall not be permitted.
Exception: Dynamic glazing is not required to comply with this section where both the lower and higher labeled SHGC already comply with the requirements of Table C402.3.
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An area-weighted average shall be permitted to satisfy the U- factor requirements for each fenestration product category listed in Table C402.3. Individual fenestration products from different fenestration product categories listed in Table C402.3 shall not be combined in calculating area-weighted average U- factor.
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Daylight zones referenced in Sections C402.3.1.1 through C402.3.3.2 shall comply with Sections C405.2.3.2 and C405.2.3.3, as applicable. Daylight zones shall include toplit zones and sidelit zones.
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Opaque swinging doors shall comply with Table C402.1(1). Opaque nonswinging doors shall comply with Table C402.1(1). Opaque doors shall be considered as part of the gross area of above-grade walls that are part of the building thermal envelope. Other doors shall comply with the provisions of Section C402.3.3 for vertical fenestration.
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The thermal envelope of buildings shall comply with Sections C402.4.1 through C402.4.5.
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A continuous air barrier shall be provided throughout the building thermal envelope. The air barriers shall be permitted to be located on the inside or outside of the building envelope, located within the assemblies composing the envelope, or any combination thereof. The air barrier shall either comply with Section C402.4.1.1 or Sections C402.4.1.2 through C402.4.1.8.
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The building thermal envelope shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E 779 at a pressure differential of 0.3 inch water gauge (75 Pa) or an equivalent method approved by the code official or authority having jurisdiction and deemed to comply with the provisions of this section when the tested air leakage rate of the building thermal envelope is not greater than 0.30 cfm/ft [2] (including the areas of the slab and below grade walls).
Exceptions:
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Prior to the final inspection, a design professional/Agency shall provide evidence of commissioning of the continuous air barrier by an approved agency. A final commissioning report shall be delivered to the building owner or the owner's representative, and shall include at a minimum:
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In addition to complying with C402.4.1.2, projects shall follow all applicable items in Table C402.4.1.2.1.
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TABLE C402.4.1.2.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE COMMISIONING CHECKLIST
TABLE C402.4.1.2.1 BUILDING ENVELOPE COMMISIONING CHECKLIST
RELATED SYSTEMS, EQUIPMENT, ASSEMBLIES AND COMPONENTS | TASKS/COMMENTS |
Foundations subsoil drainage system | Verify compliance with approved plans, specifications and construction documents. |
Foundation damp-proofing and waterproofing | |
Flashing at: exterior doors, skylights, wall flashing and drainage systems | |
Exterior wall coverings | |
Moisture envelopes | Where applicable meet owner's project requirements (OPR), Basis of Design (BOD), Cx Specifications. |
Exterior below-grade walls | Check for proper drainage system at exterior wall perimeter to keep water from entering building. |
External floor and soffits, slab-on grade | Check for thermal resistance or insulation when required. Slabs: Check drainage for moisture penetration. |
Exterior walls | Check drawings for wall assembly requirements. |
Exterior glazed window fenestration: windows, glazed doors and skylights | Drawing reviews and contractor submittal reviews: * Check that fenestration products are labeled with a U-factor (see NFRC 100) and a solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) (see NFRC 200), and certification for the air infiltration requirement. * Check for proper flashing and caulking at walls and roof assemblies. Glazed doors: * Check for proper flashing, and seals and gaskets; and proper pull force, if provided with a closer. * Check for proper door swing. |
Site-built fenestration: curtain walls and store-front systems, and atrium roof systems | * Check for a label certificate issued by the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) or a label certificate issued by the glazing fabricator that meets the default U-factor and SHGC; or an NFRC component modeling approach (CMA) label certificate or another approved standard. * Check for proper door swing. |
Field-fabricated fenestrations: fenestration made at the site, not preformed or cut | Check for compliance with the default U-factor and the default SHGC. |
Exterior doors | Check for proper flashing installation at header, walls and floor. * Check for U-factor requirements for swinging and nonswinging doors. * Check for appropriate manufacturer's referenced standard $(American Architectural Manufacturer's Association (AAMA); Canadian Standards Association (CSA); and Window and Door Manufacturer's Association (WDMA) or other approved standard$) product data sheets. |
Sealants, control joints and flashing (stationary and moveable) | Check for proper installation in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions |
Shading devices | Check for proper anchoring to building with proper flashing at wall connections. |
Structural systems | Check for proper anchoring in accordance with construction documents, including metal connectors and beam supports. |
- delete -- C402.5.1.1 Air barrier construction.
- add - C402.4.1.3 Air barrier construction.
The continuous air barrier shall be constructed to comply with the following:
- delete --
- add - C402.4.1.4 Air barrier compliance options.
A continuous air barrier for the opaque building envelope shall comply with Section C402.4.1.4.1 or C402.4.1.4.2.
- modify - C402.5.1.2.1 Materials to C402.4.1.4.1 Materials
- delete -- C402.5.1.2.2 Assemblies.
- add - C402.4.1.4.2 Assemblies.
Assemblies of materials and components with an average air leakage not greater than 0.04 cfm/ft [2](0.2 L/s -- m [2]) under a pressure differential of 0.3 inch of water gauge (w.g.) (75 Pa) when tested in accordance with ASTM E2357, ASTM E1677 or ASTM E283 shall comply with this section. Assemblies listed in Items 1 through 3 shall be deemed to comply, provided that joints are sealed and the requirements of Section C402.4.1.3 are met.
- delete -- C402.5.2 Air leakage of fenestration.
- add - C402.4.1.5 Air leakage of fenestration.
The air leakage of fenestration assemblies shall meet the provisions of Table C402.4.1.5. Testing shall be in accordance with the applicable reference test standard in Table C402.4.1.5 by an accredited, independent testing laboratory and labeled by the manufacturer.
Exception: Field-fabricated fenestration assemblies that are sealed in accordance with Section C402.4.1.
- modify - TABLE C402.5.2 MAXIMUM AIR LEAKAGE RATE FOR FENESTRATION ASSEMBLIES to TABLE C402.4.1.5 MAXIMUM AIR LEAKAGE RATE FOR FENESTRATION ASSEMBLIES
- delete -- C402.5.3 Rooms containing fuel-burning appliances
- add - C402.4.1.6 Rooms containing fuel-burning appliances that are not direct vented.
Where combustion air is supplied through openings in an exterior wall to a room or space containing a space-conditioning fuel-burning appliance, one of the following shall apply:
Exception: Fireplaces and stoves complying with Section 2111.14 of the International Building Code.
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- add - C402.4.1.7 Doors and access openings to shafts, chutes, stairways and elevator lobbies. Doors and access openings from conditioned space to shafts, chutes stairways and elevator lobbies not within the scope of the fenestration assemblies covered by Section C402.4.1.5 shall be gasketed, weather-stripped or sealed.
Exceptions:
- add - C402.4.1.8 Recessed lighting.
Recessed luminaires and any other building component installed in the building thermal envelope shall be all of the following:
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A sampling of dwelling units shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E 779 at a pressure differential of 0.3 inch water gauge (75 Pa) or an equivalent method approved by the code official or authority having jurisdiction and deemed to comply when the tested air leakage rate of each dwelling unit is not greater than 0.35 cfm/ft [2]. For purposes of this section, enclosure surface area of a unit means the total surface area of all walls, floors, and ceiling, even if below grade. Testing and inspection shall be conducted by a third-party design professional/agency. A written report of the test results shall be signed by the party conducting the test and provided to the building owner or owner's representative. Testing shall be performed at any time after completion of all penetrations of the dwelling unit's thermal envelope. The sampling of dwelling units tested shall include at least 10 percent of the dwelling units in each building, at least one unit per floor, at least one corner unit, and approximately an equal number of units on each floor level. Each of these units must be tested and pass without a failure. If a failure occurs, items causing the failure must be diagnosed, and corrected, and the unit retested until it passes. A minimum of at least two additional units in the same building must also be tested and pass. During testing:
- modify -
- delete -- C402.5.6 Loading dock weatherseals.
- add - C402.4.4 Loading dock weatherseals.
Cargo door openings and loading door openings shall be equipped with weatherseals that restrict infiltration and provide direct contact along the top and sides of vehicles that are parked in the opening. If equipped with an interior dock leveler, the deck of the leveler and rear pit wall shall be insulated with a minimum of 1.5 inches of sprayed closed cell foam. The side pit walls and pit slab shall be insulated per the slab ASTM E283 on grade standard in Table C402.1(1). The spaces between the pit wall and the deck skirts for the leveler shall be weather-stripped.
- delete -- C402.5.7 Vestibules.
- add - C402.4.5 Vestibules.
Building entrances shall be protected with an enclosed vestibule, with all doors opening into and out of the vestibule equipped with self-closing devices. Vestibules shall be designed so that in passing through the vestibule it is not necessary for the interior and exterior doors to open at the same time. The installation of one or more revolving doors in the building entrance shall not eliminate the requirement that a vestibule be provided on any doors adjacent to revolving doors. Interior and exterior doors shall have a minimum distance between them of not less than 7 feet. The exterior envelope of conditioned vestibules shall comply with the requirements for a conditioned space. Either the interior or exterior envelope of unconditioned vestibules shall comply with the requirements for a conditioned space.
Exceptions: Vestibules are not required for the following:
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Where vestibule space tempering is included, a maximum temperature setting of 55°F (13°C) for heating mode shall be utilized. Mechanical cooling of vestibules is prohibited.
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Vestibules meeting the requirements of Section C402.4.5.1 shall be zoned separately from the conditioned building. Thermostats located inside vestibules shall be programmable, and
Exception: Vestibule spaces served by radiant floor heating may utilize a non-programmable thermostat.
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In addition to the mechanical requirements of Section C403, mechanical enhancements may be needed to meet the requirements of Section C406, Additional Efficiency Package Options. See Section C406.
Mechanical systems and equipment serving the building heating, cooling, ventilating or refrigerating needs shall comply with this section.
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Mechanical systems shall be designed to comply with Sections C403.2.1 through C403.2.4. Where elements of a building's mechanical systems are addressed in Sections C403.3 through C403.12, such elements shall comply with the applicable provisions of those sections.
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Ventilation, shall be provided in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 62.1. Where mechanical ventilation is provided, the system shall provide the capability to reduce the outdoor air supply to the minimum required by ASHRAE Standard 62.1. The design professional shall utilize ventilation rates based on the expected occupancy level of the space. Life safety maximum allowable occupancy density shall not be used as a ventilation basis of design.
Exception:
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Building heating with electrical resistance units, including baseboard radiation, heat pump reheat coils, duct coils, boilers, outdoor air intake grids, and coils in terminal units and air systems, is prohibited.
Exceptions:
*Buildings served by the City of Burlington Electric (BED) must also receive approval from BED before installing electric resistance heating equipment.
- add - C403.2.4 Mechanical systems commissioning and completion requirements. Mechanical systems shall be commissioned and completed in accordance with Section C407.
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The output capacity of heating and cooling equipment shall be not greater than that of the smallest available equipment size that exceeds the loads calculated in accordance with Section C403.1.1. A single piece of equipment providing both heating and cooling shall satisfy this provision for one function with the capacity for the other function as small as possible, within available equipment options. Heating and cooling equipment sizing is permitted to be up to ten percent greater (to the next nearest available size) than the calculated peak heating and cooling loads to allow for building pickup and cool down after temperature setback conditions.
Exceptions:
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Equipment shall meet the minimum efficiency requirements of Tables C403.3.2(1) through C403.3.2(11) when tested and rated in accordance with the applicable test procedure. Plate-type liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers shall meet the minimum requirements of Table C403.3.2(12). The efficiency shall be verified through certification under an approved certification program or, where a certification program does not exist, the equipment efficiency ratings shall be supported by data furnished by the manufacturer. Where multiple rating conditions or performance requirements are provided, the equipment shall satisfy all stated requirements. Where components, such as indoor or outdoor coils, from different manufacturers are used, calculations and supporting data shall be furnished by the designer that demonstrates that the combined efficiency of the specified components meets the requirements herein.
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TABLE C403.3.2(1) MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS: ELECTRICALLY OPERATED UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS AND CONDENSING UNITS
TABLE C403.3.2(1) MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS:
ELECTRICALLY OPERATED UNITARY AIR CONDITIONERS AND CONDENSING UNITS
EQUIPMENT TYPE | SIZE CATEGORY | HEATING SECTION TYPE | SUBCATEGORY OR RATING CONDITION | MINIMUM EFFICIENCY | TEST PROCEDURE a |
Air conditioners, air cooled | < 65,000 Btu/h b | All | Split System | 13.0 SEER | AHRI 210/240 |
Single Package | 14.0 SEER | ||||
Through-the-wall (air cooled) | b | All | Split system | 12.0 SEER | |
Single Package | 12.0 SEER | ||||
Small-duct high-velocity (air cooled) | < 65,000 Btu/h b | All | Split System | 11.0 SEER | |
Air conditioners, air cooled | =/> 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 11.2 EER 12.8 IEER | AHRI 340/360 |
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 11.0 EER 12.6 IEER | |||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 11.0 EER 12.4 IEER | ||
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 10.8 EER 12.2 IEER | |||
=/> 240,000 Btu/h and < 760,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 10.0 EER 11.6 IEER | ||
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 9.8 EER 11.4 IEER | |||
=/> 760,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 9.7 EER 11.2 IEER | ||
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 9.5 EER 11.0 IEER | |||
Air conditioners, water cooled | < 65,000 Btu/h b | All | Split System and Single Package | 12.1 EER 12.3 IEER | AHRI 210/240 |
=/> 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 12.1 EER 13.9 IEER | ||
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 11.9 EER 13.7 IEER | |||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 12.5 EER 13.9 IEER | ||
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 12.3 EER 13.7 IEER | |||
=/> 240,000 Btu/h and < 760,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 12.4 EER 13.6 IEER | ||
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 12.2 EER 13.4 IEER | |||
=/> 760,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 12.2 EER 13.5 IEER | ||
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 12.0 EER 13.3 IEER | |||
Air conditioners, evaporatively cooled | < 65,000 Btu/h b | All | Split System and Single Package | 12.1 EER 12.3 IEER | AHRI 210/240 |
=/> 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 12.1 EER 12.3 IEER | AHRI 340/360 | |
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 11.9 EER 12.1 IEER | |||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 12.0 EER 12.2 IEER | ||
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 11.8 EER 12.0 IEER | |||
=/> 240,000 Btu/h and < 760,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 11.9 EER 12.1 IEER | ||
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 11.7 EER 11.9 IEER | |||
=/>760,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 11.7 EER 11.9 IEER | ||
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 11.5 EER 11.7 IEER | |||
Condensing units, air cooled | =/> 135,000 Btu/h | -- | -- | 10.5 EER 11.8 IEER | AHRI 365 |
Condensing units, water cooled | =/> 135,000 Btu/h | -- | -- | 13.5 EER 14.0 IEER | |
Condensing units, evaporatively cooled | =/> 135,000 Btu/h | -- | -- | 13.5 EER 14.0 IEER | |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W. a. Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the reference year version of the test procedure. b. Single-phase, air-cooled air conditioners less than 65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA. SEER values are those set by NAECA. c. Electric resistance space heating is prohibited per Section C403.2.3. Use "None" Heating Section Type category for exceptions to Section C403.2.3. |
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TABLE C403.3.2(2) MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS: ELECTRICALLY OPERATED UNITARY AND APPLIED HEAT PUMPS
TABLE C403.3.2(2)
MINIMUM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS: ELECTRICALLY OPERATED UNITARY AND APPLIED HEAT PUMPS
EQUIPMENT TYPE | SIZE CATEGORY | HEATING SECTION TYPE | SUBCATEGORY OR RATING CONDITION | MINIMUM EFFICIENCY | TEST PROCEDURE a |
Air cooled (cooling mode) | < 65,000 Btu/h b | All | Split System | 14.0 SEER | AHRI 210/240 |
Single Package | 14.0 SEER | ||||
Through-the-wall, air cooled | b | All | Split System | 12.0 SEER | |
Single Package | 12.0 SEER | ||||
Single-duct high-velocity air cooled | < 65,000 Btu/h b | All | Split System | 11.0 SEER | |
Air cooled (cooling mode) | =/> 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 11.0 EER 12.0 IEER | AHRI 340/360 |
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 10.8 EER 11.8 IEER | |||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 10.6 EER 11.6 IEER | ||
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 10.4 EER 11.4 IEER | |||
=/> 240,000 Btu/h | None | Split System and Single Package | 9.5 EER 10.6 IEER | ||
Non-Electric c | Split System and Single Package | 9.3 EER 9.4 IEER | |||
Water to Air: Water Loop (cooling mode) | < 17,000 Btu/h | All | 86°F entering water | 12.2 EER | ISO 13256-1 |
=/> 17,000 Btu/h and < 65,000 Btu/h | All | 86°F entering water | 13.0 EER | ||
=/> 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 86°F entering water | 13.0 EER | ||
Water to Air: Ground Water (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 59°F entering water | 18.0 EER | ISO 13256-1 |
Brine to Air: Ground Loop (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 77°F entering water | 14.1 EER | ISO 13256-1 |
Water to Water: Water Loop (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 86°F entering water | 10.6 EER | ISO 13256-2 |
Water to Water: Ground Water (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 59°F entering water | 16.3 EER | |
Brine to Water: Ground Loop (cooling mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | All | 77°F entering fluid | 12.1 EER | |
Air cooled (heating mode) | < 65,000 Btu/h b | -- | Split System | 10.0 HSPF | AHRI 210/240 |
Single Package | 10.0 HSPF | ||||
Through-the-wall, (air cooled, heating mode) -- | b (cooling capacity) | -- | Split System | 10.0 HSPF | |
Single Package | 10.0 HSPF | ||||
Small-duct high velocity (air cooled, heating mode) | < 65,000 Btu/h b | -- | Split System | 10.0 HSPF | |
Air cooled (heating mode) | =/> 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | -- | 47[OMICRON]F db/43[OMICRON]F wb outdoor air | 3.3 COP | AHRI 340/360 |
17[OMICRON]F db/15[OMICRON]F wb outdoor air | 2.25 COP | ||||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | -- | 47[OMICRON]F db/43?F wb outdoor air | 3.2 COP | ||
17[OMICRON]F db/15[OMICRON]F wb outdoor air | 2.05 COP | ||||
Water to Air: Water Loop (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | -- | 68°F entering water | 4.3 COP | ISO 13256-1 |
Water to Air: Ground Water (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | -- | 50°F entering water | 3.7 COP | |
Brine to Air: Ground Loop (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | -- | 32°F entering fluid | 3.2 COP | |
Water to Water: Water Loop (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | -- | 68°F entering water | 3.7 COP | ISO 13256-2 |
Water to Water: Ground Water (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | -- | 50°F entering water | 3.1 COP | |
Brine to Water: Ground Loop (heating mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | -- | 32°F entering fluid | 2.5 COP | |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, °C = $((°F) - 32$)/1.8. a. Chapter 6 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the reference year version of the test procedure. b. Single-phase, air-cooled heat pumps less than 65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA. SEER and HSPF values are those set by NAECA. c. Electric resistance space heating is prohibited per Section C403.2.3. Use "None" Heating Section Type category for exceptions to Section C403.2.3. |
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TABLE C403.3.2(7) WATER CHILLING PACKAGES -- EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
TABLE C403.3.2(7) WATER CHILLING PACKAGES -- EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS [a, b, d]
EQUIPMENT TYPE | SIZE CATEGORY | UNITS | Path A | Path B | TEST PROCEDURE c |
Air cooled chillers | < 150 Tons | ERR (Btu/W) | =/> 10. 100 FL | =/> 9. 700 FL | AHRI 550/590 |
=/> 13. 700 IPLV | =/> 15, 800 IPLV | ||||
=/> 150 Tons | =/> 10. 100 FL | =/> 9. 700 FL | |||
=/> 14.000 IPLV | =/> 16.100 IPLV | ||||
Air cooled without condenser, electrically operated | All capacities | EER (Btu/W) | Air-cooled chillers without condenser shall be rated with matching condensers and complying with air-cooled chiller efficiency requirements. | ||
Water cooled, electrically operated positive displacement | < 75 Tons | kW/ton | |||
=/> 75 tons and < 150 tons | |||||
=/> 150 tons and < 300 tons | |||||
=/> 300 tons and < 600 tons | |||||
=/> 600 tons | |||||
Water cooled, electrically operated centrifugal | < 150 Tons | kW/ton | |||
=/> 150 tons and < 300 tons | |||||
=/> 300 tons and < 400 tons | |||||
=/> 400 tons and < 600 tons | |||||
=/> 600 tons | |||||
Air cooled, absorption, single effect | All capacities | COP | =/> 0.600 FL | NA c | AHRI 560 |
Water cooled absorption, single effect | All capacities | COP | =/> 0.700 FL | NA c | |
Absorption, double effect, indirect fired | All capacities | COP | =/> 1.000 FL | NA c | |
=/> 1.050 IPLV | |||||
Absorption double effect direct fired | All capacities | COP | =/> 1.000 FL | NA c | |
=/> 1.050 IPLV | |||||
a. The requirements for centrifugal chiller shall be adjusted for nonstandard rating conditions in accordance with Section C403.3.2.1 and are only applicable for the range of conditions listed in Section C403.3.2.1. The requirements for air-cooled, water-cooled positive displacement and absorption chillers are at standard rating conditions defined in the reference test procedure. b. Both the full-load and IPLV requirements shall be met or exceeded to comply with this standard. Where there is a Path B, compliance can be with either Path A or Path B for any application. c. NA means the requirements are not applicable for Path B and only Path A can be used for compliance. d. FL represents the full-load performance requirements and IPLV the part-load performance requirements. |
- add -
TABLE C403.3.2(10) MINIMUM EFFICIENCY ELECTRICALLY OPERATED VARIABLE-REFRIGERANT-FLOW AIR CONDITIONERS
TABLE C403.3.2(10) MINIMUM EFFICIENCY
ELECTRICALLY OPERATED VARIABLE-REFRIGERANT-FLOW AIR CONDITIONERS
EQUIPMENT TYPE | SIZE CATEGORY | HEATING SECTION TYPE | SUBCATEGORY OR RATING CONDITION | MINIMUM EFFICIENCY | TEST PROCEDURE |
VRF air conditioners, air cooled | [] 65,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system | 13.0 SEER | AHRI 1230 |
[] 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h | None | VRF multisplit system | 11.2 EER 15.5 EER | ||
[] 135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h | None | VRF multisplit system | 11.0 EER 14.9 IEER | ||
[] 240,000 Btu/h | None | VRF multisplit system | 10.0 EER 13.9 IEER |
- add - TABLE C403.3.2(11) MINIMUM EFFICIENCY ELECTRICALLY OPERATED VARIABLE-REFRIGERANT-FLOW AIR-TO-AIR AND APPLIED HEAT PUMPS
TABLE C403.3.2(11) MINIMUM EFFICIENCY ELECTRICALLY OPERATED VARIABLE-REFRIGERANT-FLOW AIR-TO-AIR AND APPLIED HEAT PUMPS
EQUIPMENT TYPE | SIZE CATEGORY | HEATING SECTION TYPE | SUBCATEGORY OR RATING CONDITION | MINIMUM EFFICIENCY | TEST PROCEDURE |
VRF air cooled (cooling mode) | <65,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system | 13.0 SEER | AHRI 1230 |
=/> 65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h | None | VRF multisplit system | 11.0 EER 14.6 IEER | ||
=/> 65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h | None | VRF multisplit system with heat recovery | 10.8 EER 14.4 IEER | ||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h | None | VRF multisplit system | 10.6 EER 13.9 IEER | ||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h | None | VRF multisplit system with heat recovery | 10.4 EER 13.7 EER | ||
=/> 240,000 Btu/h | None | VRF multisplit system | 9.5 EER 12.7 IEER | ||
=/> 240,000 Btu/h | None | VRF multisplit system with heat recovery | 9.3 EER 12.5 IEER | ||
VRF water source (cooling mode) | <65,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system 86°F entering water | 12.0 EER 16.0 IEER | AHRI 1230 |
<65,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system with heat recovery 86°F entering water | 11.8 EER 15.8 IEER | ||
=/> 65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system 86°F entering water | 12.0 EER 16.0 IEER | ||
=/> 65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system with heat recovery 86°F entering water | 11.8 EER 15.8 IEER | ||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system 86°F entering water | 10.0 EER 14.0 IEER | ||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system with heat recovery 86°F entering water | 9.8 EER 13.8 IEER | ||
=/> 240,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system 86°F entering water | 10.0 EER 12.0 IEER | ||
=/> 240,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system with heat recovery 86°F entering water | 9.8 EER 11.8 IEER | ||
VRF groundwater source (cooling mode) | <135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system 59°F entering water | 16.2 EER | AHRI 1230 |
<135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system with heat recovery 59°F entering water | 16.0 EER | ||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system 59°F entering water | 13.8 EER | ||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system with heat recovery 59°F entering water | 13.6 EER | ||
VRF ground source (cooling mode) | <135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system 77°F entering water | 13.4 EER | AHRI 1230 |
<135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system with heat recovery 77°F entering water | 13.2 EER | ||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system 77°F entering water | 11.0 EER | ||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h | All | VRF multisplit system with heat recovery 77°F entering water | 10.8 EER | ||
VRF air cooled (heating mode) | <65,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | -- | VRF multisplit system | 10.0 HSPF | AHRI 1230 |
=/> 65,000 Btu/h and <135,000 Btu/h | -- | VRF multisplit system 47°F db/43°F wb outdoor air | 3.3 COPh | ||
17°F db/15°F wb outdoor air | 2.25 COPh | ||||
=/> 135,000 Btu/h (cooling capacity) | -- | VRF multisplit system 47°F db/43°F wb outdoor air | 3.2 COPh | ||
17°F db/15°F wb outdoor air | 2.05 COPh | ||||
VRF water source (heating mode) | <135,000 Btu/h | -- | VRF multisplit system 68°F entering water | 4.3 COPh | AHRI 1230 |
=/> 135,000 Btu/h | -- | VRF multisplit system 68°F entering water | 4.0 COPh | ||
VRF groundwater source (heating mode) | <135,000 Btu/h | -- | VRF multisplit system 50°F entering water | 3.6 COPh | AHRI 1230 |
=/> 135,000 Btu/h | -- | VRF multisplit system 50°F entering water | 3.3 COPh | ||
VRF groundwater source (heating mode) | <135,000 Btu/h | -- | VRF multisplit system 32°F entering water | 3.1 COPh | AHRI 1230 |
=/> 135,000 Btu/h | -- | VRF multisplit system 32°F entering water | 2.8 COPh |
- modify - TABLE C403.3.2(10) HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT to TABLE C403.3.2(12) HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT
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Equipment not designed for operation at AHRI Standard 550/590 test conditions of 44°F (7°C) leaving chilled-water temperature and 2.4 gpm/ton evaporator fluid flow and 85°F (29°C) entering condenser water temperature with 3 gpm/ton (0.054 I/s -- kW) condenser water flow shall have maximum full-load kW/ton (FL) and part-load ratings requirements adjusted using Equations 4-5 and 4-6.
where:
K adj = A × B
FL = Full-load kW/ton value as specified in Table C403.3.2(7).
FL adj = Maximum full-load kW/ton rating, adjusted for nonstandard conditions.
IPLV = Value as specified in Table C403.3.2(7).
PLV adj = Maximum NPLV rating, adjusted for nonstandard conditions.
A =0.00000014592 × (LIFT) [4]
0. 0000346496× (LIFT) [3] +
0. 00314196× (LIFT) [2]
0. 147199× (LIFT) + 3.9302
B = 0.0015 × L vg E vap + 0.934
LIFT = L vg Cond - L vg E vap
L vg Cond = Full-load condenser leaving fluid temperature (°F).
L vg E vap = Full-load evaporator leaving temperature (°F).
The FL adj and PLV adj values are only applicable for centrifugal chillers meeting all of the following full-load design ranges:
1. []Minimum evaporator leaving temperature: 36°F.
2. Maximum condenser leaving temperature: 115°F.
3. 20°F </= LIFT </= 80°F.
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The use of hot gas bypass is prohibited in all systems.
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TABLE C403.3.3 MAXIMUM HOT GAS BYPASS CAPACITY
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Heat pumps having supplementary electric resistance heat shall be certified cold-climate heat pumps meeting the requirements of section C403.2.3.
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The heating system for heated vestibules and air curtains with integral heating shall be provided with controls configured to shut off the source of heating when the outdoor air temperature is greater than 55°F (16°C). Vestibule heating systems shall be controlled by a thermostat located in the vestibule configured to limit heating to a temperature not greater than 55°F (16°C). Cooling of the vestibule is prohibited.
Exception: Control of heating or cooling provided by site-recovered energy or transfer air that would otherwise be exhausted.
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Hot water boilers that supply heat to the building through one- or two-pipe heating systems shall have a setback control that lowers the boiler water temperature based on the outdoor temperature or based on building terminal loads.
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Thermostatic setback controls shall be configured to set back or temporarily operate the system to maintain zone temperatures down to 60°F (13°C) or up to 80°F (29°C).
Exceptions:
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The following shall apply to hydronic water loop heat pump systems:
Exception: Where it can be demonstrated that a heat pump system will be required to reject heat throughout the year.
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Each hydronic heat pump on the hydronic system shall have a two-position valve.
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Hydronic systems greater than or equal to 300,000 Btu/h (146.5 kW) in design output capacity supplying heated or chilled water to comfort conditioning systems shall include controls that are configured to do all of the following:
Exceptions:
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TABLE C403.4.4 VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE (VSD) REQUIREMENTS FOR DEMAND-CONTROLLED PUMPS
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Economizers shall comply with Sections C403.5.1 through C403.5.5.
An air or water economizer shall be provided for the following cooling systems:
Exceptions: Economizers are not required for the following systems.
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TABLE C403.5 (1) MINIMUM CHILLED-WATER SYSTEM COOLING CAPACITY FOR DETERMINING ECONOMIZER COOLING REQUIREMENTS
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TABLE C403.5(2) EQUIPMENT EFFICIENCY PERFORMANCE EXCEPTION FOR ECONOMIZERS
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TABLE C403.5 MINIMUM CHILLED-WATER SYSTEM COOLING CAPACITY FOR DETERMINING ECONOMIZER COOLING REQUIREMENTS
TABLE C403.5 MINIMUM CHILLED-WATER SYSTEM COOLING CAPACITY FOR DETERMINING ECONOMIZER COOLING REQUIREMENTS
TOTAL CHILLED-WATER SYSTEM CAPACITY LESS CAPACITY OF COOLING UNITS WITH AIR ECONOMIZERS | |
Local Water-cooled Chilled-water Systems | Air-cooled Chilled-water Systems or District Chilled- Water Systems |
1,320,000 Btu/h | 1,720,000 Btu/h |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W.
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Economizer systems shall be integrated with the mechanical cooling system and be configured to provide partial cooling even where additional mechanical cooling is required to provide the remainder of the cooling load. Controls shall not be capable of creating a false load in the mechanical cooling systems by limiting or disabling the economizer or any other means, except at the lowest stage of mechanical cooling.
Units that include an air economizer shall comply with the following:
Exception: Direct expansion (DX) units with one variable displacement compressor can have fewer than three stages provided the constant displacement compressor is no more than the percent of full load in accordance with Table C403.5.1.
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TABLE C403.5.1 DX COOLING STAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR MODULATING AIRFLOW UNITS
RATING CAPACITY | MINIMUM NUMBER OF MECHANICAL COOLING STAGES | MINIMUM COMPRESSOR DISPLACEMENT a |
=/> 75,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h | 3 stages | |
=/> 240,000 Btu/h | 4 stages | |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W. a. For mechanical cooling stage control that does not use variable compressor displacement, the percent displacement shall be equivalent to the mechanical cooling capacity reduction evaluated at the full load rating conditions for the compressor. |
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TABLE C403.5.3.3 HIGH-LIMIT SHUTOFF CONTROL SETTING FOR AIR ECONOMIZERSb TABLE C403.5.3.3
HIGH-LIMIT SHUTOFF CONTROL SETTING FOR AIR ECONOMIZERS [b ]
DEVICE TYPE | REQUIRED HIGH LIMIT (ECONOMIZER OFF WHEN): | |
Equation | Description | |
Fixed dry bulb | T OA > 70°F | Outdoor air temperature exceeds 70°F |
Differential dry bulb | T OA > T RA | Outdoor air temperature exceeds return air temperature |
Fixed enthalpy with fixed dry-bulb temperatures | h OA > 28 Btu/lb aor T OA > 75°F | Outdoor air enthalpy exceeds 28 Btu/lb of dry air aor Outdoor air temperature exceeds 75°F |
Differential enthalpy with | h OA > h RA or | Outdoor air enthalpy exceeds return air enthalpy or |
fixed dry-bulb temperature | T OA > 75°F | Outdoor air temperature exceeds 75°F |
For SI: 1 foot = 305 mm, °C = (°F - 32)/1.8, 1 Btu/lb = 2.33 kJ/kg. a. At altitudes substantially different than sea level, the fixed enthalpy limit shall be set to the enthalpy value at 75°F and 50-percent relative humidity. As an example, at approximately 6,000 feet elevation, the fixed enthalpy limit is approximately 30.7 Btu/lb. b. Devices with selectable setpoints shall be capable of being set to within 2°F and 2 Btu/lb of the setpoint listed. |
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Air-cooled unitary direct-expansion units listed in Tables C403.3.2(1) through C403.3.2(3) and Tables C403.3.2(10) through C403.3.2(11) that are 15 tons (180,000 Btu/h) or greater and equipped with an economizer in accordance with Section C403.5 shall include a fault detection and diagnostics system complying with the following:
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Supply air systems serving multiple zones shall be variable air volume (VAV) systems that have zone controls configured to reduce the volume of air that is reheated, recooled or mixed in each zone to one of the following:
Exception: The following individual zones or entire air distribution systems are exempted from the requirement for VAV control:
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- delete -
- modify -
- delete --
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Multiple-zone VAV systems with direct digital control of individual zone boxes reporting to a central control panel shall have automatic controls configured to reduce outdoor air intake flow below design rates in response to changes in system ventilation efficiency (E v).
Exceptions:
- modify - C403.6.7 Parallel-flow fan-powered VAV air terminal control to C403.6.5 Parallel-flow fan-powered VAV air terminal control
- modify - C403.6.8 Setpoints for direct digital control to C403.6.6 Setpoints for direct digital control
- delete --
- add -
Static pressure sensors used to control VAV fans shall be located such that the controller setpoint is not greater than 1.2 inches w.g. (299 Pa), or 1.7 w.g. (432.4 Pa) in systems with HEPA or ULPA filters. Where this results in one or more sensors being located downstream of major duct splits, not less than one sensor shall be located on each major branch to ensure that static pressure can be maintained in each branch. Location of the static pressure sensor near the supply fan discharge would result in non-compliance.
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Demand control ventilation (DCV) shall be provided for spaces larger than 500 square feet (46.5 m [2]) and with an average occupant load of 25 people or greater per 1,000 square feet (93 m [2]) of floor area, as established in Table 6.1 of ASHRAE 62.1, and served by systems with one or more of the following:
Exceptions:
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Enclosed parking garages used for storing or handling automobiles operating under their own power shall employ contamination-sensing devices and automatic controls configured to stage fans or modulate fan average airflow rates as stipulated in the Vermont Fire & Building Safety Code enforced by the Vermont Department of Public Safety's Division of Fire Safety. Failure of contamination-sensing devices shall cause the exhaust fans to operate continuously at design airflow.
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Units that provide ventilation air to multiple zones and operate in conjunction with zone heating and cooling systems shall not use heating to warm supply air to a temperature greater than 60°F (16°C) when representative building loads or outdoor air temperatures indicate that the majority of zones require cooling.
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Where the supply airflow rate of an air system exceeds the values specified in Table C403.7.4, the system shall include an energy recovery system. The energy recovery system shall be configured to provide a change in the enthalpy of the outdoor air supply of not less than 50 percent of the difference between the outdoor air and return air enthalpies, at design conditions. Where an air economizer is required, the energy recovery system shall include a bypass or controls that permit operation of the economizer as required by Section C403.5.
Exception: An energy recovery system shall not be required in any of the following conditions:
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TABLE C403.7.4(1) ENERGY RECOVERY REQUIREMENT
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TABLE C403.7.4 ENERGY RECOVERY REQUIREMENT
TABLE C403.7.4
ENERGY RECOVERY REQUIREMENT
(Air systems operating not less than 3,000 hours per year)
PERCENT (%) OUTDOOR AIR AT FULL DESIGN AIRFLOW RATE | |||||||
=/> 10% and < 20% | =/> 20% and < 30% | =/>30% and < 40% | =/>40% and < 50% | =/> 50% and < 60% | =/> 60% and < 70% | =/>70% and < 80% | =/> 80% |
DESIGN SUPPLY FAN AIRFLOW RATE (cfm) | |||||||
=/> 10,500 | =/> 6,500 | =/> 5,500 | =/> 4,500 | =/> 3,500 | =/> 2,000 | =/> 1,000 | > 120 |
For SI: 1 cfm = 0.4719 L/s. |
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TABLE C403.7.4(2) ENERGY RECOVERY REQUIREMENT
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Replacement air introduced directly into the exhaust hood cavity shall not be greater than 10 percent of the hood exhaust airflow rate. Conditioned supply air delivered to any space shall not exceed the greater of the following:
Where total kitchen hood exhaust airflow rate is greater than 5,000 cfm (2360 L/s), each hood shall be a factory-built commercial exhaust hood listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory in compliance with UL 710. Each hood shall have a maximum exhaust rate as specified in Table C403.7.5 and shall comply with one of the following:
Where a single hood, or hood section, is installed over appliances with different duty ratings, the maximum allowable flow rate for the hood or hood section shall be based on the requirements for the highest appliance duty rating under the hood or hood section.
Exception: Where not less than 75 percent of all the replacement air is transfer air that would otherwise be exhausted.
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Outdoor air intake and exhaust openings and stairway and shaft vents shall be provided with Class I motorized dampers. The dampers shall have an air leakage rate not greater than 4 cfm/ft [2] (20.3 L/s -- m [2]) of damper surface area at 1.0 inch water gauge (249 Pa) and shall be labeled by an approved agency when tested in accordance with AMCA 500D for such purpose.
Outdoor air intake and exhaust dampers shall be installed with automatic controls configured to close when the systems or spaces served are not in use or during unoccupied period warm-up and setback operation, unless the systems served require outdoor or exhaust air in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 62.1 or the dampers are opened to provide intentional economizer cooling.
Stairway and shaft vent dampers shall be installed with automatic controls configured to open upon the activation of any fire alarm initiating device of the building's fire alarm system or the interruption of power to the damper.
Exception: Nonmotorized gravity dampers shall be an alternative to motorized dampers for exhaust and relief openings where the design exhaust capacity is not greater than 300 cfm (142 L/s).
Nonmotorized gravity dampers shall have an air leakage rate not greater than 20 cfm/ft [2] (101.6 L/s -- m [2]) where not less than 24 inches (610 mm) in either dimension and 40 cfm/ft [2](203.2 L/s -- m [2]) where less than 24 inches (610 mm) in either dimension. The rate of air leakage shall be determined at 1.0 inch water gauge (249 Pa) when tested in accordance with AMCA 500D for such purpose. The dampers shall be labeled by an approved agency.
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Fans shall have a fan efficiency grade (FEG) of not less than 70, as determined in accordance with AMCA 205 by an approved, independent testing laboratory and labeled by the manufacturer. The total efficiency of the fan at the design point of operation shall be within 15 percentage points of the maximum total efficiency of the fan.
Exception: The following fans are not required to have a fan efficiency grade:
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Motors for fans that are not less than 1/12 hp (0.082 kW) and less than 1 hp (0.746 kW) shall be electronically commutated motors or NEMA Premium efficiency motors rated in accordance with DOE 10 CFR 431. These motors shall have the means to adjust motor speed for either balancing or remote control. The use of belt-driven fans to sheave adjustments for airflow balancing instead of a varying motor speed shall be permitted.
Exceptions: The following motors are not required to comply with this section:
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Each cooling system listed in Table C403.8.5.1 shall be designed to vary the indoor fan airflow as a function of load and shall comply with the following requirements:
Exceptions:
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TABLE C403.8.5.1 COOLING SYSTEMS
TABLE C403.8.5.1
COOLING SYSTEMS
COOLING SYSTEM TYPE | FAN MOTOR SIZE | MECHANICAL COOLING CAPACITY |
DX cooling | Any | =/> 24,000 Btu/h |
Chilled water and evaporative cooling | =/> 1/4 hp | Any |
For SI: 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W; 1 hp = 0.746 kW. |
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Each fan system powered by an individual motor or array of motors with connected power, including the motor service factor, totaling 2 hp (1.5 kW) or more shall have controls and devices configured to automatically modulate the fan speed to control the leaving fluid temperature or condensing temperature and pressure of the heat rejection device. Fan motor power input shall be not more than 30 percent of design wattage or 50 percent of the design airflow.
Exceptions:
- delete and replace - C403.9.3 Limitation on centrifugal fan open-circuit cooling towers. Centrifugal fan open-circuit cooling towers with a combined rated capacity of 550gpm (2032L/m) or greater at 95°F (35°C) condenser water return, 85°F (29°C) condenser water supply, and 75°F (24°C) outdoor air wet-bulb temperature shall meet the energy efficiency requirement for axial fan open-circuit cooling towers listed in Table C403.3.2(8).
Exception: Centrifugal open-circuit cooling towers that are designed with inlet or discharge ducts or require external sound attenuation.
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Condenser heat recovery shall be installed for heating or reheating of service hot water provided that the facility operates 24 hours a day, the total installed heat capacity of water-cooled systems exceeds 6,000,000 Btu/hr (1 758 kW) of heat rejection, and the design service water heating load exceeds 1,000,000 Btu/h (293 kW).
The required heat recovery system shall have the capacity to provide the smaller of the following:
Exceptions:
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Refrigeration equipment shall have an energy use in kWh/day not greater than the values of Tables C403.10.1(1) and C403.10.1(5) when tested and rated in accordance with AHRI Standard 1200. The energy use shall be verified through certification under an approved certification program or, where a certification program does not exist, the energy use shall be supported by data furnished by the equipment manufacturer.
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Refrigerated warehouse coolers, refrigerated warehouse freezers, walk-in coolers and walk-in freezers shall comply with the following:
Exception: Automatic closers are not required for doors more than 45 inches (1143 mm) in width or more than 7 feet (2134 mm) in height.
Exception: Glazed portions of doors or structural members need not be insulated.
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- delete -
- modify - TABLE C403.10.2.1(1) WALK-IN COOLER AND FREEZER DISPLAY DOOR EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS to TABLE C403.10.1(3) WALK-IN COOLER AND FREEZER DISPLAY DOOR EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
- modify - TABLE C403.10.2.1(2) WALK-IN COOLER AND FREEZER NONDISPLAY DOOR EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS to TABLE C403.10.1(4) WALK-IN COOLER AND FREEZER NONDISPLAY DOOR EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
- modify - TABLE C403.10.2.1(3) WALK-IN COOLER AND FREEZER REFRIGERATION SYSTEM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS to TABLE C403.10.1(5) WALK-IN COOLER AND FREEZER REFRIGERATION SYSTEM EFFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS
- modify - C403.10.3 Refrigerated display cases (Mandatory) to C403.10.2 Refrigerated display cases (Mandatory)
- delete -- C403.10.4 Refrigeration systems.
- add -- C403.10.3 Refrigeration systems.
Refrigerated display cases, walk-in coolers or walk-in freezers that are served by remote compressors and remote condensers not located in a condensing unit, shall comply with Sections C403.10.3.1 and C403.10.3.2.
Exception: Systems where the working fluid in the refrigeration cycle goes through both subcritical and super-critical states (transcritical) or that use ammonia refrigerant are exempt.
- modify - C403.10.4.1 Condensers serving refrigeration systems to C403.10.3.1 Condensers serving refrigeration systems
- delete -- C403.10.4.2 Compressor systems.
- add -- C403.10.3.2 Compressor systems.
Refrigeration compressor systems shall comply with the following:
Exception: Controls are not required for the following:
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Supply and return air ducts and plenums shall be insulated with not less than R-8 insulation where located in unconditioned spaces and where located outside the building with not less than R-12 insulation. Where located within a building envelope assembly, the duct or plenum shall be separated from the building exterior or unconditioned or exempt spaces by not less than R-12 insulation. Buried ducts shall be insulated to a minimum of R-6
Exceptions:
Ducts, air handlers and filter boxes shall be sealed. Joints and seams shall comply with the ANSI/SMACNA 006 HVAC Duct Construction Standards.
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Ductwork shall be constructed and erected in accordance with the ANSI/SMACNA 006 HVAC Duct Construction.
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Longitudinal and transverse joints, seams and connections of supply and return ducts operating at a static pressure less than or equal to 2 inches water gauge (w.g.) (498 Pa) shall be securely fastened and sealed with welds, gaskets, mastics (adhesives), mas-tic-plus-embedded-fabric systems or tapes installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Pressure classifications specific to the duct system shall be clearly indicated on the construction documents in accordance with the ANSI/SMACNA 006 HVAC Duct Construction.
Exception: Locking-type longitudinal joints and seams, other than the snap-lock and button-lock types, need not be sealed as specified in this section.
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Ducts and plenums designed to operate at a static pressure greater than 2 inches water gauge (w.g.) (498 Pa) but less than 3 inches w.g. (747 Pa) shall be insulated and sealed in accordance with Section C403.11.1. Pressure classifications specific to the duct system shall be clearly indicated on the construction documents in accordance with the ANSI/SMACNA 006 HVAC Duct Construction.
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Ducts and plenums designed to operate at static pressures equal to or greater than 3 inches water gauge (747 Pa) shall be insulated and sealed in accordance with Section C403.11.1. In addition, ducts and plenums shall be leak tested in accordance with the SMACNA HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test Manual and shown to have a rate of air leakage (CL) less than or equal to 4.0 as determined in accordance with Equation 4-7.
CL = F/P [0.65] (Equation 4-7)
where:
F = The measured leakage rate in cfm per 100 square feet of duct surface.
P = The static pressure of the test.
Documentation shall be furnished by the designer demonstrating that representative sections totaling not less than 25 percent of the duct area have been tested and that all tested sections comply with the requirements of this section.
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Piping serving as part of a heating or cooling system shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Table C403.11.3.
Exceptions:
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TABLE C403.11.3 MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION THICKNESS (in inches)
TABLE C403.11.3 MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION THICKNESS (in inches) [a, c]
FLUID OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE AND USAGE (°F) | INSULATION CONDUCTIVITY | NOMINAL PIPE OR TUBE SIZE (inches) | |||||
Conductivity Btu -- in./(h -- ft 2 -- °F)b | Mean Rating Temperature, °F | <1 | 1 to <1 1/22 | 1 1/2 to <4 | 4 to <8 | =/>8 | |
> 350 | 0.32 - 0.34 | 250 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
251 - 350 | 0.29 - 0.32 | 200 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 |
201 - 250 | 0.27 - 0.30 | 150 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
141 - 200 | 0.25 - 0.29 | 125 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
85- 140 | 0.21 - 0.28 | 100 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
40 - 60 | 0.21 - 0.27 | 75 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
< 40 | 0.20 - 0.26 | 50 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 |
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, °C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8.
where:
T = minimum insulation thickness,
r = actual outside radius of pipe,
t = insulation thickness listed in the table for applicable fluid temperature and pipe size, K = conductivity of alternate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature (Btu -- in/h -- ft [2] -- °F) and
k = the upper value of the conductivity range listed in the table for the applicable fluid temperature.
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Piping insulation exposed to the weather shall be protected from damage, including that caused by sunlight, moisture, equipment maintenance and wind, and shall provide shielding from solar radiation that can cause degradation of the material. Adhesive tape shall not be permitted. Piping insulation shall comply with both of the following requirements:
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Systems installed to provide heat outside a building shall be radiant systems. Electric resistance heating is prohibited for heating spaces outside a building.
Such heating systems shall be controlled by an occupancy sensing device or a timer switch, so that the system is automatically de-energized when occupants are not present.
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Snow-and ice-melting systems shall include automatic controls configured to shut off the system when the outdoor temperature is above 40°F (4°C) and the slab temperature as measured not less than 2" below the surface is 50°F (10°C).
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In addition to the service water heating requirements of Section C404, service water heating enhancements may be needed to meet the requirements of Section C406, Additional Efficiency Package Options. See Section C406.
This section covers the minimum efficiency of, and controls for, service water-heating equipment and insulation of service hot water piping.
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Individual electric service water heating units shall be limited to a maximum of 7.5 kW total power input.
Exceptions:
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TABLE C404.2 MINIMUM PERFORMANCE OF WATER-HEATING EQUIPMENT
TABLE C404.2
MINIMUM PERFORMANCE OF WATER-HEATING EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT TYPE | SIZE CATEGORY (input) | SUBCATEGORY OR RATING CONDITION | PERFORMANCE REQUIREDa, b | TEST PROCEDURE |
Water heaters, electric | Tabletop eResistance Grid-enabledf > 75 gallons and | 0.93 - 0.00132 V , EF 0.960 - 0.0003 V , EF 1.061 - 0.00168 V , EF | DOE 10 CFR Part 430 | |
Heat pump > 55 gallons and | 2.057 - 0.00113 V , EF | DOE 10 CFR Part 430 | ||
Storage water heaters, gas | =/> 20 gallons and 55 gallons and | 0.675 - 0.0015 V , EF 0.8012 - 0.00078 V , EF | DOE 10 CFR Part 430 | |
> 75,000 Btu/h | < 4,000 Btu/h/gal | 80% E t (Q/800 + 110$(square root$)V)SL, Btu/h | ANSI Z21.10.3 | |
> 155,000 Btu/h | < 4,000 Btu/h/gal | 80% E t (Q/800 + 110$(square root$)V)SL, Btu/h | ||
Instantaneous water heaters, gas | > 50,000 Btu/h and < 200,000 Btu/h c | =/> 4,000 (Btu/h)/gal and < 2 gal | 0.82 - 0.00 19 V, EF | DOE 10 CFR Part 430 |
=/> 200,000 Btu/h | =/> 4,000 Btu/h/gal and < 10 gal | 80% E t | ANSI Z21.10.3 | |
=/> 200,000 Btu/h | =/> 4,000 Btu/h/gal and =/> 10 gal | 80% E t (Q/800 + 110$(square root$)V)SL, Btu/h | ||
Storage water heaters, oil | =/> 20 gal and | 0.68 - 0.0019 V , EF | DOE 10 CFR Part 430 | |
=/> 105,000 Btu/h | < 4,000 Btu/h/gal | 80% E t (Q/800 + 110$(square root$)V)SL, Btu/h | ANSI Z21.10.3 | |
Instantaneous water heaters, oil | =/> 4,000 Btu/h/gal and < 2 gal | 80% E t | 0.59 - 0.0019 V, EF | DOE 10 CFR Part 430 |
> 210,000 Btu/h | =/> 4,000 Btu/h/gal and < 10 gal | 78% E t (Q/800 + 110$(square root$)V)SL, Btu/h | ANSI Z21.10.3 | |
> 210,000 Btu/h | =/> 4,000 Btu/h/gal and =/> 10 gal | |||
Hot water supply boilers, gas and oil | =/> 300,000 Btu/h and < 12,500,000 Btu/h | =/> 4,000 Btu/h/gal and < 10 gal | 80% E t | ANSI Z21.10.3 |
Hot water supply boilers, gas | =/> 300,000 Btu/h and < 12,500,000 Btu/h | =/> 4,000 Btu/h/gal and =/> 10 gal | 80% E t (Q/800 + 110$(square root$)V)SL, Btu/h | |
Hot water supply boilers, oil | > 300,000 Btu/h and 4,000 Btu/h/gal and > 10 gal | 78% E t (Q/800 + 110$(square root$)V)SL, Btu/h | ||
Pool heaters, gas and oil | All | -- | 82% E t | ASHRAE 146 |
Heat pump pool heaters | All | -- | 4.0 COP | AHRI 1160 |
Unfired storage tanks | All | -- | Minimum insulation requirement R-12.5 (h -- ft2 -- °F)/Btu | (none) |
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m [2],°C = [(°F) - 32]/1.8, 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.2931 W, 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 British thermal unit per hour per gallon = 0.078 W/L.
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Gas-fired water-heating equipment installed in new buildings shall be in compliance with this section. Where a singular piece of water-heating equipment serves the entire building, such equipment shall have a thermal efficiency, Et, of not less than 92 percent. Where multiple pieces of water-heating equipment serve the building and the combined input rating of the water-heating equipment is 1,000,000 Btu/h (293 kW) or greater, the combined input-capacity-weighted-average thermal efficiency, E t, shall be not less than 92 percent.
Exceptions:
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Vertical pipe risers serving storage water heaters and storage tanks not having integral heat traps and serving a nonrecirculating system shall have heat traps on both the inlet and outlet piping as close as practical to the storage tank.
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TABLE C404.5.1 PIPING VOLUME AND MAXIMUM PIPING LENGTHS
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Heated-water circulation systems shall be provided with a circulation pump. The system return pipe shall be a dedicated return pipe or a cold water supply pipe. Gravity and thermo-syphon circulation systems shall be prohibited. Systems designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot-water pipes, such as recirculating hot-water systems or heat trace, shall:
Exception: in healthcare and other facilities with immunocompromised populations in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 188 -- Legionellosis: Risk Management for Building Water Systems.
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Outdoor heated pools and outdoor permanent spas shall be provided with a vapor-retardant cover or other approved vapor-retardant means. Hot tubs and spas capable of being heated to more than 90°F (32°C) shall be provided with a cover having a minimum insulation value of R-12.
Exception: Where more than 75 percent of the energy for heating, computed over an operating season of not fewer than 3 calendar months, is from site-recovered energy such as from a heat pump or on-site renewable energy system, covers or other vapor-retardant means shall not be required.
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The energy consumption of electric-powered portable spas shall be controlled by the requirements of the Association of Pool & Spa Professionals (APSP) 14-2014.
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Service water-heating systems, swimming pool water-heating systems, spa water- heating systems and the controls for those systems shall be commissioned and completed in accordance with Section C407.2.
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In addition to the electrical power and lighting systems requirements of Section C405, electrical power and lighting enhancements may be needed to meet the requirements of Section C406, Additional Efficiency Package Options. See Section C406.
This section covers lighting system controls, the maximum lighting power for interior and exterior applications and electrical energy consumption.
Dwelling units and Sleeping Units within Group R-2 buildings (see occupancy classifications in section C202) shall install lamps or fixtures where not less than 90 percent of the lamps in permanently installed lighting fixtures shall be high-efficacy lamps or not less than 90 percent of the permanently installed lighting fixtures shall be high-efficacy fixtures or contain only high-efficacy lamps. Lighting installed in walk-in coolers, walk-in freezers, refrigerated warehouse coolers and refrigerated warehouse freezers shall comply with the lighting requirements of Section C403.10.1.
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Lighting systems shall be provided with controls that comply with one of the following.
Exceptions: Lighting controls are not required for the following:
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Luminaires providing means of egress illumination where the means of egress shall be illuminated at all times the room or space is occupied shall be controlled by occupancy sensors, or a signal from another building control system, that automatically reduces the lighting power by at least 50% when unoccupied for a period longer than 15 minutes.
Exceptions:
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Each space provided with time-switch controls shall be provided with a manual control for light reduction in accordance with Section C405.2.2.2. Time-switch con trols shall include an override switching device that complies with the following:
Exceptions:
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Spaces required to have light-reduction controls shall have a manual control that allows the occupant to reduce the connected lighting load in a reasonably uniform illumination pattern by not less than 50 percent. Lighting reduction shall be achieved by one of the following or another approved method:
Exceptions:
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Daylight-responsive controls complying with Section C405.2.3.1 shall be provided to control the electric lights within daylight zones in the following spaces:
Exceptions: Daylight responsive controls are not required for the following:
5 New buildings where the total connected lighting power calculated in accordance with Section C405.3.1 is not greater than the adjusted interior lighting power allowance (LPAadj) calculated in accordance with Equation 4-8:
(Equation 4-8)
where:
LPA adj = Adjusted building interior lighting power allowance in watts.
LPA norm = Normal building lighting power allowance in watts calculated in accordance with Section C405.3.2 and reduced in accordance with Section C406.3 where reduced lighting power is used to comply with the requirements of Section C406.
UDZFA = Uncontrolled daylight zone floor area is the sum of all sidelit and toplit zones, calculated in accordance with Sections C405.2.3.2 and C405.2.3.3, that do not have daylight responsive controls.
TBFA = Total building floor area is the sum of all floor areas included in the lighting power allowance calculation in Section C405.3.2.
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Where required, daylight-responsive controls shall be provided within each space for control of lights in that space and shall comply with all of the following:
Exception: Up to 150 watts of lighting in each space is permitted to be controlled together with lighting in a daylight zone facing a different cardinal orientation.
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The sidelit zone is the floor area adjacent to vertical fenestration that complies with all of the following:
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The toplit zone is the floor area underneath a roof fenestration assembly that complies with all of the following:
- add - FIGURE C405.2.3.3(4) DAYLIGHT ZONE ADJACENT TO CLERESTORY FENESTRATION IN A WALL
FIGURE C405.2.3.3(4)
DAYLIGHT ZONE ADJACENT TO CLERESTORY FENESTRATION IN A WALL
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A building complies with this section where its total connected interior lighting power calculated under Section C405.3.1 is not greater than the interior lighting power allowance calculated under Section C405.3.2.
Exceptions: Neither the floor area nor the wattage of lighting is counted in sections C405.3.1 and C405.3.2 for the following spaces:
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The total connected interior lighting power shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-9.
TCLP = [SL + LVL + BLL + LED + TRK + Other]
(Equation 4-9)
where:
TCLP = Total connected lighting power (watts).
SL = Labeled wattage of luminaries for screw-in lamps.
LVL = For luminaires with lamps connected directly to building power, such as line voltage lamps, the rated wattage of the lamp.
BLL = For luminaires incorporating a ballast or transformer, the rated input wattage of the ballast or transformer when operating that lamp.
LED = For light-emitting diode luminaires with either integral or remote drivers, the rated wattage of the luminaire.
TRK = For lighting track, cable conductor, rail conductor, and plug-in busway systems that allow the addition and relocation of luminaires without rewiring, the wattage shall be one of the following:
Other = The wattage of all other luminaires and lighting sources not covered previously and associated with interior lighting verified by data supplied by the manufacturer or other approved sources.
The connected power associated with the following lighting equipment and applications is not included in calculating total connected lighting power. Additionally, for multiple systems installed in circadian rhythm systems only include the maximum power that would be on at any one time.
- delete and replace - TABLE C405.3.2(1) INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES: BUILDING AREA METHOD
TABLE C405.3.2(1)
INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES:
BUILDING AREA METHOD
BUILDING AREA TYPE | LPD (w/ft2) |
Automotive facility | 0.60 |
Convention center | 0.70 |
Courthouse | 0.76 |
Dining: bar lounge/leisure | 0.76 |
Dining: cafeteria/fast food | 0.67 |
Dining: family | 0.69 |
Dormitory c | 0.47 |
Exercise center | 0.59 |
Fire station a | 0.48 |
Gymnasium | 0.64 |
Health care clinic | 0.69 |
Hospital a | 0.84 |
Hotel/Motela, b | 0.65 |
Library | 0.78 |
Manufacturing facility | 0.82 |
Motion picture theater | 0.64 |
Multifamily c | 0.48 |
Museum | 0.83 |
Office | 0.64 |
Parking garage | 0.14 |
Penitentiary | 0.62 |
Performing arts theater | 1.02 |
Police station | 0.67 |
Post office | 0.61 |
Religious building | 0.77 |
Retail | 0.92 |
School/university | 0.67 |
Sports arena | 0.71 |
Town hall | 0.67 |
Transportation | 0.52 |
Warehouse | 0.43 |
Workshop | 0.83 |
a. Where sleeping units are excluded from lighting power calculations when 90% of the sleeping units' lamps or fixtures is high-efficacy, neither the area of the sleeping units nor the wattage of lighting in the sleeping units is counted. b. Where dwelling units are excluded from lighting power calculations when 90% of the sleeping units' lamps or fixtures is high-efficacy, neither the area of the dwelling units nor the wattage of lighting in the dwelling units is counted. c. Dwelling units and sleeping units are excluded. Neither the area of the dwelling units nor the wattage of lighting in the dwelling units is counted. |
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TABLE C405.3.2(2)
INTERIOR LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES:
SPACE-BY-SPACE
METHODCOMMON SPACE TYPES a | LPD (watts/sq.ft) |
Atrium | |
Less than 40 feet in height | 0.03 per foot in total height |
Greater than 40 feet in height | 0.40 + 0.02 per foot in total height |
Audience seating area | |
In an auditorium | 0.50 |
In a convention center | 0.66 |
In a gymnasium | 0.52 |
In a motion picture theater | 0.91 |
In a penitentiary | 0.22 |
In a performing arts theater | 1.77 |
In a religious building | 1.22 |
In a sports arena | 0.34 |
Otherwise | 0.34 |
Banking activity area | 0.74 |
Breakroom (See Lounge/breakroom) | |
Classroom/lecture hall/training room | |
In a penitentiary | 1.07 |
Otherwise | 0.87 |
Computer room | 1.21 |
Conference/meeting/multipurpose room | 0.92 |
Copy/print room | 0.51 |
Corridor | |
In a facility for the elderly or visually impaired (and not used primarily by the staff) b | 0.92 |
In a hospital | 0.79 |
In a manufacturing facility | 0.29 |
Otherwise | 0.66 |
Courtroom | 1.24 |
Dining area | |
In bar/lounge or leisure dining | 0.80 |
In cafeteria or fast food dining | 0.51 |
In a facility for the visually impaired (and not used primarily by the staff) b | 1.56 |
In family dining | 0.64 |
In a penitentiary | 0.77 |
Otherwise | 0.51 |
Electrical/mechanical room | 0.43 |
Emergency vehicle garage | 0.38 |
Food preparation area | 0.90 |
Guestroomc, d | 0.47 |
Laboratory | |
In or as a classroom | 1.05 |
Otherwise | 1.30 |
Laundry/washing area | 0.41 |
Loading dock, interior | 0.42 |
Lobby | |
For an elevator | 0.53 |
In a facility for the elderly or visually impaired (and not used primarily by the staff) b | 1.54 |
In a hotel | 0.85 |
In a motion picture theater | 0.41 |
In a performing arts theater | 1.47 |
Otherwise | 0.76 |
Locker room | 0.48 |
Lounge/breakroom | |
In a healthcare facility | 0.68 |
Otherwise | 0.54 |
Office | |
Enclosed | 0.81 |
Open plan | 0.71 |
Parking area, interior | 0.13 |
Pharmacy area | 1.20 |
Restroom | |
In a facility for the elderly or visually impaired (and not used primarily by the staff b | 0.86 |
Otherwise | 0.73 |
Sales area | 1.11 |
Seating area, general | 0.38 |
Stairway (see Space containing stairway) | |
Stairwell | 0.51 |
Storage room | 0.43 |
Vehicular maintenance area | 0.49 |
Workshop | 1.08 |
BUILDING TYPE SPECIFIC SPACE TYPES a | LPD (watts/sq.ft) |
Automotive (see Vehicular maintenance area) | |
Convention Center--exhibit space | 0.88 |
Facility for the elderly or visually impaired | |
In a chapel (and not used primarily by the staff) | 1.06 |
In a recreation room (and not used primarily by the staff) | 1.67 |
Fire Station--sleeping quarters c | 0.17 |
Gymnasium/fitness center | |
In an exercise area | 0.48 |
In a playing area | 0.80 |
Healthcare facility | |
In an exam/treatment room | 1.34 |
In an imaging room | 1.02 |
In a medical supply room | 0.51 |
In a nursery | 0.76 |
In a nurse's station | 0.61 |
In an operating room | 1.85 |
In a patient room c | 0.50 |
In a physical therapy room | 0.70 |
In a recovery room | 0.87 |
Library | |
In a reading area | 0.75 |
In the stacks | 1.15 |
Manufacturing facility | |
In a detailed manufacturing area | 0.88 |
In an equipment room | 0.55 |
In an extra-high-bay area (greater than 50` floor-to-ceiling height) | 0.84 |
In a high-bay area (25-50` floor-to-ceiling height) | 0.75 |
In a low-bay area (less than 25` floor-to- ceiling height) | 0.85 |
Museum | |
In a general exhibition area | 0.84 |
In a restoration room | 0.74 |
Performing arts theater--dressing room | 0.36 |
Post office--sorting area | 0.64 |
Religious buildings | |
In a fellowship hall | 0.47 |
In a worship/pulpit/choir area | 1.22 |
Retail facilities | |
In a dressing/fitting room | 0.48 |
In a mall concourse | 0.80 |
Sports arena--playing area | |
For a Class I facility e | 2.17 |
For a Class II facility f | 1.55 |
For a Class III facility g | 1.17 |
For a Class IV facility h | 0.70 |
Transportation facility | |
In a baggage/carousel area | 0.39 |
In an airport concourse | 0.27 |
At a terminal ticket counter | 0.56 |
Warehouse--storage area | |
For medium to bulky, palletized items | 0.35 |
For smaller, hand-carried items | 0.65 |
a. In cases where both a common space type and a building area specific space type are listed, the building area specific space type shall apply b. A 'Facility for the Visually Impaired' is a facility that is licensed or will be licensed by local or state authorities for senior long-term care, adult daycare, senior support or people with special visual needs. c. Where sleeping units are excluded from lighting power calculations when 90% of the sleeping units' lamps or fixtures is high-efficacy, neither the area of the sleeping units nor the wattage of lighting in the sleeping units is counted. d. Where dwelling units are excluded from lighting power calculations when 90% of the sleeping units' lamps or fixtures is high-efficacy, neither the area of the dwelling units nor the wattage of lighting in the dwelling units is counted. e. Class I facilities consist of professional facilities; and semiprofessional, collegiate, or club facilities with seating for 5,000 or more spectators. f. Class II facilities consist of collegiate and semiprofessional facilities with seating for fewer than 5,000 spectators; club facilities with seating for between 2,000 and 5,000 spectators; and amateur league and high-school facilities with seating for more than 2,000 spectators. g. Class III facilities consist of club, amateur league and high-school facilities with seating for 2,000 or fewer spectators. h. Class IV facilities consist of elementary school and recreational facilities; and amateur league and high-school facilities without provision for spectators. |
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Where using the Space-by-Space Method, an increase in the interior lighting power allowance is permitted for specific lighting functions. Additional power shall be permitted only where the specified lighting is installed and automatically controlled separately from the general lighting, to be turned off during nonbusiness hours. This additional power shall be used only for the specified luminaires and shall not be used for any other purpose. An increase in the interior lighting power allowance is permitted in the following cases:
Additional interior lighting power allowance = 250 W + (Retail Area 1 × 0.20 W/ft [2]) + (Retail Area 2 × 0.20 W/ft [2]) + (Retail Area 3 × 0.50 W/ft [2]) + (Retail Area 4 × 0.90 W/ft [2])
SI units:
Additional interior lighting power allowance = 250 W + (Retail Area 1 × 2.13 W/m2) + (Retail Area 2 × 2.15 W/m2) + (Retail Area 3 × 5.24 W/m2) + (Retail Area 4 × 9.63 W/m2)
(Equation 4-10)
where:
Retail Area 1 = The floor area for all products not listed in Retail Area 2, 3 or 4.
Retail Area 2 = The floor area used for the sale of vehicles, sporting goods and small electronics.
Retail Area 3 = The floor area used for the sale of furniture, clothing, cosmetics and artwork.
Retail Area 4 = The floor area used for the sale of jewelry, crystal and china.
Exception: Other merchandise categories are permitted to be included in Retail Areas 2 through 4, provided that justification documenting the need for additional lighting power based on visual inspection, contrast, or other critical display is approved by the code official or authority having jurisdiction.
The total connected exterior lighting power calculated in accordance with Section C405.4.1 shall be not greater than the exterior lighting power allowance calculated in accordance with Section C405.4.2 and C405.4.3. Appropriate exterior lighting designs including maximum exterior illuminance levels may be required by the District Environmental Commission for Act 250 projects.
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TABLE C405.4.2(1)
EXTERIOR LIGHTING ZONES
LIGHTING ZONE | DESCRIPTION |
1 | Developed areas of national parks, state parks, forest land, and rural areas |
2 | Areas predominantly consisting of residential zoning, neighborhood business districts, light industrial with limited nighttime use and residential mixed-use areas |
3 | All other areas not classified as lighting zone 1 or 2 |
- delete - TABLE C405.4.2(2) LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES FOR BUILDING EXTERIORS
- add - TABLE C405.4.2(2) INDIVIDUAL LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES FOR BUILDING EXTERIORS
TABLE C405.4.2(2) INDIVIDUAL LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES FOR BUILDING EXTERIORS
LIGHTING ZONES | |||
Zone 1 | Zone 2 | Zone 3 | |
Base Site Allowance | 250 W | 300 W | 375 W |
Uncovered Parking Areas | |||
Parking areas and drives | 0.02 W/ft2 | 0.03 W/ft2 | 0.05 W/ft2 |
Building Grounds | |||
Walkways less than 10 feet wide | 0.35 W/linear foot | 0.35 W/linear foot | 0.40 W/linear foot |
Walkways 10 feet wide or greater, plaza areas special feature areas | 0.07 W/ft2 | 0.07 W/ft2 | 0.08 W/ft2 |
Dining areas | 0.50 W/ft2 | 0.50 W/ft2 | 0.60 W/ft2 |
Stairways | 0.40 W/ft2 | 0.50 W/ft2 | 0.50 W/ft2 |
Pedestrian tunnels | 0.08 W/ft2 | 0.08 W/ft2 | 0.10 W/ft2 |
Landscaping | 0.02 W/ft2 | 0.03 Wft2 | 0.03 W/ft2 |
Building Entrances and Exits | |||
Pedestrian and vehicular entrances and exits | 10 W/linear foot of door width | 10 W/linear foot of door width | 15 W/linear foot of door width |
Entry canopies | 0.10 W/ft2 | 0.12 W/ft2 | 0.20 W/ft2 |
Loading Docks | 0.25 W/ft2 | 0.25 W/ft2 | 0.25 W/ft2 |
Sales Canopies | |||
Free-standing and attached | 0.30 W/ft2 | 0.30 W/ft2 | 0.40 W/ft2 |
Outdoor Sales | |||
Open areas (including vehicle sales lots) | 0.15 W/ft2 | 0.15 W/ft2 | 0.25 W/ft2 |
Street frontage for vehicle sales lots in addition to "open area" allowance | No allowance | 5 W/linear foot | 5 W/linear foot |
Building facades | No allowance | 0.075 W/ft2 of gross above-grade wall area | 0.113 W/ft2 of gross above- grade wall area |
Automated teller machines (ATM) and night depositories | 135 W per location plus 45 W per additional ATM per location | 135 W per location plus 45 W per additional ATM per location | 135 W per location plus 45 W per additional ATM per location |
Entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at guarded facilities | 0.5 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area | 0.5 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area | 0.5 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area |
Loading areas for law enforcement, fire, ambulance and other emergency service vehicles | 0.35 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area | 0.35 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area | 0.35 W/ft2 of covered and uncovered area |
Drive-up windows/doors | 200 W per drive-through | 200 W per drive-through | 200 W per drive-through |
Parking near 24-hour retail entrances | 400 W per main entry | 400 W per main entry | 400 W per main entry |
For SI: 1 watt per square foot = W/0.0929 m 2. W = watts. |
- delete - TABLE C405.4.2(3) INDIVIDUAL LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES FOR BUILDING EXTERIORS
- delete - C405.4.2.1 Additional exterior lighting power.
- add - C405.4.3 Exterior fixtures.
Exterior lighting shall be full cut off fixtures, limiting the light output to less than 10% at and below 10 degrees below the horizontal. Fixtures shall be independently certified by manufacturer as full cut off, or meet the definition of a fully shielded light fixture.
- modify - C405.4.3 Gas lighting (Mandatory) to C405.4.4 Gas lighting (Mandatory)
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For the luminaires in each elevator cab, not including signals and displays, the sum of the lumens divided by the sum of the watts shall be not less than 55 lumens per watt. Ventilation fans in elevators that do not have their own air-conditioning system shall not consume more than 0.33 watts/cfm at the maximum rated speed of the fan. Controls shall be provided that will de-energize ventilation fans and lighting systems when the elevator is stopped, unoccupied and with its doors closed for over 15 minutes.
- add - C405.10 Electric Vehicle Charging Stations
New parking lots serving buildings with occupancy groups listed in Table 405.11 shall provide the electrical service capacity to serve the number of Electric Vehicle Charging Parking Spaces in Table C405.11. Electrical service capacity includes use of a listed cabinet, box or enclosure connected to a conduit linking the parking spaces with the electrical service. Parking lots serving multiple occupancy groups shall use the occupancy group with the largest square feet of finished area.
Exception: Parking spaces are not counted in Table 405.11 if one of the following conditions apply:
50% of the parking spaces indicated in Table C405.11, rounded up to the nearest whole number, is the minimum number of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) or receptacles necessary to function as available electric vehicle charging upon building occupancy. The number of parking spaces indicated in Table C405.11 minus the number of installed EVSE parking spaces is the minimum number of parking spaces that are required to be pre-wired, allowing for future installations when they are needed for use by customers, employees or other users (EVSE-ready). If level 1 service is provided, the required EV Charging Parking Spaces shall also be "Level 2 ready" as defined below in this Section C405.10. Electrical service capacity includes use of a listed cabinet, box or enclosure connected to a conduit linking the parking spaces with the electrical service. For parking lots with 25 or more parking spaces, Table C405.11 can be satisfied by either Option A or B in the table.
Parking spaces with EVSE shall be marked for EV use only. Exception:
Level 1 Electric Vehicle Charging Parking requires one 120V 20-amp grounded AC receptacle, NEMA 5- 20R or equivalent, within 5 feet of the centerline of each EV Charging Parking Space.
Level 2 Electric Vehicle Charging Parking requires one 208/240V 40-amp grounded connection for electric vehicle charging through dedicated Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) with J1772 connector or AC receptacle, NEMA 14-50, or equivalent, within 5 feet of the centerline for each EV Charging Parking Space.
DC Fast Charging, also referred to as Level 3, Electric Vehicle Charging Parking requires one, direct-current (DC) plug for electric vehicle charging through dedicated Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) with either a CHAdeMO or SAE Combined Charging System (CCS) format connector, within 5 feet of the centerline for each EV Charging Parking Space. Other DC Fast Charging plug standards may be accepted as they are developed.
This section does not stipulate how use of the EVSE is provided.
- add - TABLE C405.11 ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING PARKING SPACES
TABLE C405.11
ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING PARKING SPACES
Commercial Building Occupancy a | Minimum Number of EVSE and EVSE-ready Parking Spaces b Whole numbers represent actual number of required spaces. Fractional percentages shall be rounded up to nearest whole number. | |||||
<25 Parking Spaces in Lot | =/>25 Parking Spaces in Lot Option A | =/>25 Parking Spaces in Lot Option B | ||||
Level 1 | Level 2 or DC Fast Charge | Level 1 | Level 2 or DC Fast Charge | Level 1 | Level 2 or DC Fast Charge | |
Groups A & M c | 0 | 0 | 0% | 4% | 0% | 10 |
Groups B, E, F, & H | 1 | 1 | 3% | 3% | 2% | 5 |
Groups I-1, I-2, I-3, & R-4 | 1 | 1 | 2% | 4% | 1% | 10 |
Group R-1 | 0 | 1 | 0% | 2% | 1% | 10 |
Group R-2 | 1 | 0 | 8% | 0% | 3% | 5 |
a. See occupancy classification in section C202. If more than one occupancy type, use the occupancy type with the most square feet of finished building area. b. 50% of the parking spaces, rounded up to the nearest whole number, shall have EVSE or receptacles necessary to function as available electric vehicle charging upon building occupancy. The remainder shall be EVSE-ready. c. Motor liquid fuel-dispensing facilities (gas stations) are exempt from the requirement to provide electric vehicle charging parking spaces. d. Stand-alone retail stores with fewer than 50 spaces are exempt from the requirement to provide electric vehicle charging parking spaces. |
If the design intent is to only provide level 2 and/or DC Fact Charge charging stations, then the level 1 and level 2 requirements should be added together.
- delete -
- add - C406.1 Additional Energy Efficiency Credit Requirements.
New buildings shall comply with sufficient packages from Table C406.1 to achieve a minimum number of 6 credits. Building with more than one commercial building occupancy type shall use the "All Other Groups" column in Table 406.1, unless 65% or more of the finished square footage is one commercial building occupancy type, in which case the dominant commercial building occupancy type will be used.
- add --
Table C406.1
Efficiency Package Credits
Code Section | Commercial Building Occupancy | |||||
Group R-1 | Group R-2 | Group B | Group E | Group M | All Other Groups | |
Additional Efficiency Credits | ||||||
1. More efficient HVAC performance in accordance with Section C406.2. | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 3 |
2.1 Reduced lighting power: Option 1 in accordance with Section C406.3.1. | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
2.2 Reduced lighting power: Option 2 in accordance with Section C406.3.2. | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
3. Enhanced lighting controls in accordance with C406.4. | N/A | N/A | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
4. On-site supply of renewable energy in accordance with C406.5. | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
5. Dedicated outdoor air system in accordance with C406.61. | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
6.1 High-efficiency service water heating in accordance with Section C406.7.1 and C406.7.2. | 5 | 6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 3 (Group I only) |
6.2 High-efficiency service water heating equipment in accordance with Section C406.7.1 and C406.7.3. | 3 | 3 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2 (Group I only) |
6.3. Heat pump water heating equipment in accordance with Sections C406.7.1 and C406.7.4. | 5 | 5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2 (Group I only) |
7. Enhanced envelope performance in accordance with Section C406.8. | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
8. Reduced air infiltration in accordance with Section C406.9. | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
9. Efficient kitchen appliances in accordance with C406.10.2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 (Group A-2 only) |
10. Controlled Receptacles in accordance with C406.11 | N/A | N/A | 6 | 2 | N/A | N/A |
- delete and replace- C406.1.1 Tenant spaces.
Tenant spaces shall comply with sufficient packages from Table C406.1 to achieve a minimum number of 3 credits from Sections C406.2, C406.3, C406.4, C406.6 or C406.7 where applicable. Where an entire building complies with Section C406.5, C406.8 or C406.9, tenant spaces within the building shall be deemed to comply with this section.
Exception: Previously occupied tenant spaces that comply with this code in accordance with Section C501.
- delete -- C406.2 More efficient HVAC equipment performance.
- add -
Buildings shall comply with Sections C406.2.1 through C406.2.3.
- add - C406.2.1 HVAC system selection. No less than 90 percent of the total HVAC capacity serving the building shall be provided by equipment that is listed in Tables C403.3.2(1) through C403.3.2(12).
Exception: Air-to-water heat pumps or heat recovery chillers are also permitted to be utilized for Option C406.2.
- add - C406.2.2 Minimum equipment efficiency. Equipment shall exceed the minimum efficiency requirements listed in Tables C403.3.2(1) through C403.3.2(12) by 15 percent, in addition to the requirements of Section C403. Where multiple performance requirements are provided, the equipment shall exceed all requirements by 15 percent.
Exception: Equipment that is larger than the maximum capacity range indicated in Tables C403.3.2(1) through C403.3.2(12) shall utilize the values listed for the largest capacity equipment for the associated equipment type shown in the table.
- add - C406.2.3 Minimum fan efficiency. Stand-alone supply, return and exhaust fans designed for operating with motors over 750 watts (1 hp) shall have a fan efficiency grade of not less than FEG 71 as defined in AMCA 205. The total efficiency of the fan at the design point of operation shall be within 10 percentage points of either the maximum total efficiency of the fan or the static efficiency of the fan.
- delete and replace- C406.3 Reduced lighting power.
Buildings shall comply with Sections C406.3.1 or C406.3.2. Dwelling units and sleeping units within the building shall comply with C406.3.3.
- add - C406.3.1 Reduced lighting power option 1. The total connected interior lighting power calculated in accordance with Section C405.3.1 shall be 90 percent or less of the total interior lighting power value calculated in accordance with Section C405.3.2.1, or by using 90 percent of the total interior lighting power allowance calculated in accordance with Section C405.3.2.2.
- add - C406.3.2 Reduced lighting power option 2. The total connected interior lighting power calculated in accordance with Section C405.3.1 shall be 80 percent or less of the total interior lighting power value calculated in accordance with Section C405.3.2.1, or by using 80 percent of the total interior lighting power allowance calculated in accordance with Section C405.3.2.2.
- add - C406.3.3 Lamp fraction. Not less than 95 percent of the lamps in permanently installed lighting fixtures shall be high-efficacy lamps or not less than 95 percent of the permanently installed lighting fixtures shall be high-efficacy fixtures or contain only high-efficacy lamps.
- delete and replace- C406.4 Enhanced digital lighting controls.
Interior lighting shall be located, scheduled and operated in accordance with Section C405.2 and no less than 90 percent of the total installed interior lighting power shall be configured with the following enhanced control functions.
Exceptions:
- delete and replace- C406.5 On-site renewable energy.
Buildings shall be provided with on-site renewable energy systems with a total system rating per square foot of conditioned floor area of the building of not less than the value specified in Table C406.5.
- add - TABLE C406.5 ON-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM RATING
TABLE C406.5
ON-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM RATING
(PER SQUARE | kBTU per | kWh per |
FOOT) Building | year | year |
Area Type | ||
Assembly | 1.8 | 0.53 |
Dining | 10.7 | 3.14 |
Hospital | 3.6 | 1.06 |
Hotel/Motel | 2.0 | 0.59 |
Multi-family | 0.50 | 0.15 |
residential | ||
Office | 0.82 | 0.24 |
Other | 2.02 | 0.59 |
Retail | 1.31 | 0.38 |
School/University | 1.17 | 0.34 |
Supermarket | 5.0 | 1.47 |
Warehouse | 0.43 | 0.13 |
- delete and replace- C406.6 Dedicated outdoor air system.
Not less than 90% of the building conditioned floor area, excluding floor area of unoccupied spaces that do not require ventilation per ASHRAE Standard 62.1, shall be served by DOAS. Buildings containing equipment or systems regulated by Section C403.3.4, C403.4.3, C403.4.4, C403.4.5, C403.6, C403.8.4, C403.8.5, C403.8.5.1, C403.9.1, C403.9.2, C403.9.3 or C403.9.4 shall be equipped with an independent ventilation system designed to provide not less than the minimum 100-percent outdoor air to each individual occupied space, as specified by ASHRAE Standard 62.1. The ventilation system shall be capable of total energy recovery. The HVAC system shall include supply-air temperature controls that automatically reset the supply-air temperature in response to representative building loads, or to outdoor air temperatures. The controls shall reset the supply-air temperature not less than 25 percent of the difference between the design supply-air temperature and the design room-air temperature.
- delete and replace- C406.7 Reduced energy use in service water heating.
Buildings shall comply with Sections C406.7.1 and either C406.7.2, C406.7.3 or C406.7.4.
- add - C406.7.1 Building type.
To qualify for this credit, not less than 90 percent of the building conditioned floor area shall be of the following types:
- delete -- C406.7.1 Load fraction.
- add -- C406.7.2 Load fraction.
Not less than 60 percent of the annual building service hot water energy use, or not less than 100 percent of the annual building service hot water heating energy use in buildings subject to the requirements of Section C403.9.5, shall be provided by one or more of the following:
- add -- C406.7.3 High Performance Water Heating Equipment. The combined input-capacity-weighted-average equipment rating of all water heating equipment in the building shall be not less than 95% Et or 0.95 EF.
- add -- C406.7.4 Heat pump water heater. All Service hot water system delivering heating requirements shall be met using heat pump technology with a minimum COP of 3.0. Air-source heat pump water heaters shall not draw conditioned air from within the building, except exhaust air that would otherwise be exhausted to the exterior.
- delete and replace- C406.8 Enhanced envelope performance.
The total UA of the building thermal envelope as designed shall be not less than 15 percent below the total UA of the building thermal envelope for a building of identical configuration and fenestration area in accordance with Section C402.1.3.
If using Section C402.1.4 Building above-grade performance alternative for compliance, UA-Total / Area </= 0.030 needs to be met as well as total UA of below-grade walls shall be not less than 15 percent below the total UA of the below-grade thermal envelope in accordance with Section C402.1.3.
- add -- C406.10 Efficient Kitchen Appliances.
Buildings shall comply with Sections C406.10.1 through C406.10.2 in order to qualify for additional efficiency credits.
- add -- C406.10.1 Building Requirements. The building shall contain an operable commercial kitchen that serves a minimum of 5 meals per week.
- add -- C406.10.2 Equipment Type. The following pieces of equipment that fall within the scope of the applicable Energy Star program shall comply with the equivalent criteria required to achieve the Energy Star label if installed prior to the issuance of the Certificate of Occupancy:
- add -- C406.11 Controlled receptacles.
At least 50 percent of all 125 volt 15- and 20-ampere receptacles installed in private offices, open offices, conference rooms, rooms used primarily for printing and/or copying functions, break rooms, individual workstations and classrooms, including those installed in modular partitions and modular office workstation systems, shall be controlled as required by this section. Either split receptacles shall be provided, with the top receptacle(s) controlled, or a controlled receptacle shall be located within 12 inches (0.30 m) of each uncontrolled receptacle. Controlled receptacles shall be visibly differentiated from standard receptacles and shall be controlled by one of the following automatic control devices:
Any individual override switch shall control the controlled receptacles for a maximum area of 5,000 square feet (465 m2). Override switches for controlled receptacles are permitted to control the lighting within the same area.
Exception:
- delete - SECTION C407 TOTAL BUILDING PERFORMANCE in its entirety (sections C407.1 through C407.6 and all subsections)
- modify -
Section C408 MAINTENANCE INFORMATION AND SYSTEM COMMISSIONING to SECTION C407 MAINTENANCE INFORMATION AND SYSTEM COMMISSIONING
- modify -
- add -
The scope shall be completed by the project commissioning authority. The commissioning authority shall:
- modify -
- delete --
- add -
Prior to the final mechanical and plumbing inspections, the design professional/ agency shall provide evidence of mechanical systems commissioning and completion in accordance with the provisions of this section.
Construction document notes shall clearly indicate provisions for commissioning and completion requirements in accordance with this section and are permitted to refer to specifications for further requirements. Copies of all documentation shall be given to the owner or owner's authorized agent and made available to the code official or other authority having jurisdiction , upon request in accordance with Sections C407.2.4 and C407.2.5.
Exceptions: The following systems are exempt:
- delete --
- add --
A commissioning plan shall be developed by a design professiona l/ agency and shall include the following items:
- modify - C408.2.2 Systems adjusting and balancing to C407.2.2 Systems adjusting and balancing
- delete -- C408.2.2.1 Air systems balancing.
- add - C407.2.2.1 Air systems balancing.
Each supply air outlet and zone terminal device shall be equipped with means for air balancing. Discharge dampers used for air-system balancing are prohibited on constant-volume fans and variable-volume fans with motors 10 hp (18.6 kW) and larger. Air systems shall be balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses then, for fans with system power of greater than 1 hp (0.746 kW), fan speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow conditions.
Exception: Fans with fan motors of 1 hp (0.74 kW) or less are not required to be provided with a means for air balancing.
- delete -- C408.2.2.2 Hydronic systems balancing.
- add -- C407.2.2.2 Hydronic systems balancing.
Individual hydronic heating and cooling coils shall be equipped with means for balancing and measuring flow. Hydronic pump speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow conditions. Each hydronic system shall have either the capability to measure pressure across the pump, or test ports at each side of each pump.
- delete -- C408.2.3 Functional performance testing.
- add -- C407.2.3 Functional performance testing.
Functional performance testing specified in Sections C407.2.3.1 through C407.2.3.3 shall be conducted.
- modify -- C408.2.3.1 Equipment to C407.2.3.1 Equipment
- modify -- C408.2.3.2 Controls to C407.2.3.2 Controls
- modify -- C408.2.3.3 Economizers to C407.2.3.3 Economizers
- delete -- C408.2.4 Preliminary commissioning report.
- add -- C407.2.4 Preliminary commissioning report.
A preliminary report of commissioning test procedures and results shall be completed and certified by the design professional/agency and provided to the building owner or owner's authorized agent. The report shall be organized with mechanical and service hot water findings in separate sections to allow independent review. The report shall be identified as "Preliminary Commissioning Report," shall include the completed Commissioning Compliance Checklist, Figure C407.2.4, and shall identify:
Project Information:____________________________
Project Name:__________________________________
Project Address:________________________________
Commissioning Authority: _____________________
Commissioning Plan (Section C408.2.1)
___ Commissioning Plan was used during construction and includes all items required by Section C408.2.1
___ Systems Adjusting and Balancing has been completed.
___ HVAC Equipment Functional Testing has been executed. If applicable, deferred and follow-up testing is scheduled to be provided on:__________________________
___ HVAC Controls Functional Testing has been executed. If applicable, deferred and follow-up testing is scheduled to be provided on:__________________________
___ Economizer Functional Testing has been executed. If applicable, deferred and follow-up testing is scheduled to be provided on:__________________________
___ Lighting Controls Functional Testing has been executed If applicable, deferred and follow-up testing is scheduled to be provided on:__________________________
___ Service Water Heating System Functional Testing has been executed. If applicable, deferred and follow-up testing is scheduled to be provided on: ____________________
___ Manual, record documents and training have been completed or scheduled
___ Preliminary Commissioning Report submitted to owner and includes all items required by Section C408.2.4
I hereby certify that the commissioning provider has provided me with evidence of mechanical, service water heating and lighting systems commissioning in accordance with the 2013 IECC.
Signature of Building Owner or Owner's Representative__________________________
Date______________
- modify -- FIGURE C408.2.4 COMMISSIONING COMPLIANCE CHECKLIST to FIGURE C407.2.4 COMMISSIONING COMPLIANCE CHECKLIST
- delete --
- delete --
- modify -- C408.2.5 Documentation requirements to C407.2.5 Documentation requirements.
- delete --
- add --
A written report describing the activities and measurements completed in accordance with Section C407.2.2.
- modify -- C408.2.5.2 Final commissioning report to C407.2.5.2 Final commissioning report.
- modify -- C408.3 Functional testing of lighting controls to C407.3 Functional testing of lighting controls
- delete --
- add --
Prior to passing final inspection, the design professional/agency shall provide evidence that the lighting control systems have been tested to ensure that control hardware and software are calibrated, adjusted, programmed and in proper working condition in accordance with the construction documents and manufacturer's instructions. Functional testing shall be in accordance with Sections C407.3.1.1 through C407.3.1.3 for the applicable control type.
- modify -- C408.3.1.1 Occupant sensor controls to C407.3.1.1 Occupant sensor controls.
- modify -- C408.3.1.2 Time-switch controls to C407.3.1.2 Time-switch controls.
- modify -- C408.3.1.3 Daylight responsive controls to C407.3.1.3 Daylight responsive controls.
- modify -- C408.3.2 Documentation requirements to C407.3.2 Documentation requirements.
- modify -- C408.3.2.1 Drawings to C407.3.2.1 Drawings.
- modify -- C407.3.2.2 Manuals to C407.3.2.2 Manuals.
- modify -- C408.3.2.3 Report to C407.3.2.3 Report.
- delete and replace --
Alterations, repairs, additions and changes of occupancy to, or relocation of, existing buildings and structures shall comply with the provisions for alterations, repairs, additions and changes of occupancy or relocation, respectively, in this code and in the International Building Code, International Existing Building Code, International Fire Code, International Fuel Gas Code,, International Plumbing Code, International Property Maintenance Code, International Private Sewage Disposal Code, ANSI/SMACNA 006-HVAC Duct Construction Standards, ASHRAE Standard 62.1, and NFPA 70.
- delete and replace --
Provisions of this code relating to the construction, repair, alteration, restoration and movement of structures, and change of occupancy shall not be mandatory for historic buildings provided that a "Historic Building Exemption Report" obtained from the State Historic Preservation Office, has been submitted to the State Historic Preservation Office and signed by the owner, an owners agent, a registered design professional, a representative of the State Historic Preservation Office or the historic preservation authority having jurisdiction, demonstrating that compliance with that provision would threaten, degrade or destroy the historic form, fabric or function of the building. The State Historic Preservation Office, upon receipt of the report, will review and validate the exemption request. Upon request, a copy of the report shall be provided to the code official or other authority having jurisdiction.
- delete and replace --
New vertical fenestration area that results in a total building fenestration area less than or equal to that specified in Section C402.3.1 shall comply with Section C402.1.3 or C402.3.3. Additions with vertical fenestration that result in a total building fenestration area greater than Section C402.3.1 or additions that exceed the fenestration area greater than Section C402.3.1 shall comply with Section C402.3.1.1 for the addition only. Additions that result in a total building vertical fenestration area exceeding that specified in Section C402.3.1.1 shall comply with Section C402.1.3.
- delete and replace --
New skylight area that results in a total building fenestration area less than or equal to that specified in Section C402.3.1 shall comply with Section C402.1.3. Additions with skylight area that result in a total building skylight area greater than C402.3.1 or additions that exceed the skylight area shall comply with Section C402.3.1.2 for the addition only. Additions that result in a total building skylight area exceeding that specified in Section C402.3.1.2 shall comply with Section C402.1.3.
- delete and replace --
Alterations to any building or structure shall comply with the requirements of Section C503 and the code for new construction. Alterations shall be such that the existing building or structure is not less conforming to the provisions of this code than the existing building or structure was prior to the alteration. Alterations to an existing building, building system or portion thereof shall conform to the provisions of this code as those provisions relate to new construction without requiring the unaltered portions of the existing building or building system to comply with this code. Alterations shall not create an unsafe or hazardous condition or overload existing building systems.
Alterations complying with ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1. need not comply with Sections C402, C403, C404 and C405.
Exception: The following alterations need not comply with the requirements for new construction, provided that the energy use of the building is not increased:
- delete and replace --
Any nonconditioned or low-energy space that is altered to become conditioned space shall be required to be brought into full compliance with this code.
Exception: Where the component performance alternative in Section C402.1.3 is used to comply with this section, the proposed UA shall be not greater than 110 percent of the target UA.
- delete and replace --
New building envelope assemblies that are part of the alteration shall comply with Sections C402.1 through C402.4.
Exception: Where the existing building exceeds the fenestration area limitations of Section C402.3.1 prior to alteration, the building is exempt from Section C402.3.1 provided that there is not an increase in fenestration area.
- delete and replace --
Roof replacements shall comply with Section C402.1.1, C402.1.2 or C402.1.3 where the existing roof assembly is part of the building thermal envelope and contains insulation entirely above the roof deck.
- delete and replace --
The addition of vertical fenestration that results in a total building fenestration area less than or equal to that specified in Section C402.3.1 shall comply with Section C402.1.3 or C402.3.3. The addition of vertical fenestration that results in a total building fenestration area greater than Section C402.3.1 shall comply with Section C402.3.1.1 for the space adjacent to the new fenestration only. Alterations that result in a total building vertical fenestration area exceeding that specified in Section C402.3.1.1 shall comply with Section C402.1.3.
- delete and replace --
New skylight area that results in a total building skylight area less than or equal to that specified in Section C402.4.1 shall comply with Section C402.1.3 or C402.3. The addition of skylight area that results in a total building skylight area greater than Section C402.3.1 shall comply with Section C402.3.1.2 for the space adjacent to the new skylights. Alterations that result in a total building skylight area exceeding that specified in Section C402.3.1.2 shall comply with Section C402.1.3.
- delete and replace --
Spaces undergoing a change in occupancy that would result in an increase in demand for either fossil fuel or electrical energy shall comply with this code. Where the use in a space changes from one use in Table C405.3.2(1) or C405.3.2(2) to another use in Table C405.3.2(1) or C405.3.2(2), the installed lighting wattage shall comply with Section C405.3. Where the space undergoing a change in occupancy or use is in a building with a fenestration area that exceeds the limitations of Section C402.3.1, the space is exempt from Section C402.3.1 provided that there is not an increase in fenestration area.
Exception: Where the component performance alternative in Section C402.1.3 is used to comply with this section, the proposed UA shall be not greater than 110 percent of the target UA.
APPENDIX CA SOLAR-READY ZONE--COMMERCIAL.
- delete and replace -
A permanent certificate, indicating the solar-ready zone and other requirements of this section, shall be posted near the electrical distribution panel, water heater or other conspicuous location by the builder, registered design professional or design professional.
31-003 Code Vt. R. 31-000-003-X
Original effective date not provided.
AMENDED:
January 3, 2012 Secretary of State Rule Log #11-041; March 1, 2015 Secretary of State Rule Log #14-045; September 1, 2020 Secretary of State Rule Log #19-073
STATUTORY AUTHORITY:
30 V.S.A. § 53