Section 1 General 1.1 Purpose and Applicability It is the policy of the State of Vermont to identify and protect significant wetlands and the values and functions which they serve in such a manner that the goal of no net loss of such wetlands and their functions is achieved.
These rules are adopted under the authority of the Water Resources Panel of the Vermont Natural Resources Board (Panel) pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 6025(d)(5). This statute limits the applicability of these rules to those wetlands which are so significant that they merit protection in this program. Wetlands that are not significant should be assumed to have public value, and therefore may merit protection under other statutory or regulatory authority.
Except as provided for below, these rules shall apply to all other land uses occurring within a significant wetland or its associated buffer zone that are commenced after February 23, 1990. These rules shall not apply to any land use for which:
(1) a complete application for all local, state and federal permits related to either the regulation of land use or the protection of wetlands had been submitted as of February 23, 1990, and where the applicant does not subsequently file an application for a permit amendment in a way that would have an undue, adverse impact on a protected function of a significant wetland, and substantial construction of the project commences within two years of the date on which all such local, state and federal permits become final;(2) all local, state and federal permits related to either the regulation of land use or the protection of wetlands had been obtained as of February 23, 1990 and where substantial construction of the project commenced by February 23, 1992; or(3) no local, state or federal permits related to either the regulation of land use or the protection of wetlands are required and where substantial construction was commenced prior to February 23, 1990.1.2 Enforcement Violations of these rules are subject to enforcement under applicable Vermont law including, but not necessarily limited to, the provisions of 10 V.S.A. §§ 1272, 1274, 1275, 8001-8016, and 8221 and 3 V.S.A. § 2822.
Section 4 Classification of Significant Wetlands and Designation of Buffer Zones 4.1 Classification of Wetlands For purposes of these rules wetlands in Vermont are classified as Class I, Class II, or Class III wetlands, as defined at 10 V.S.A. § 902 and Section 2 of these rules.
Class I wetlands when designated pursuant to Section 7 shall be identified in Appendix A. All wetlands shown on the Vermont Significant Wetland Inventory maps are Class I or Class II wetlands, unless determined otherwise by the Secretary or Panel.
4.2 Buffer Zones The purpose of a buffer zone is to protect those functions that make a wetland significant. The Panel may designate a buffer zone contiguous to any Class I wetland and the Secretary may designate a buffer zone contiguous to any Class II wetland. Until otherwise designated by the Panel, a one hundred (100) foot buffer zone is established contiguous to the boundaries of a Class I wetland. Until otherwise designated by the Secretary, a fifty (50) foot buffer zone is established contiguous to the boundaries of a Class II wetland.
4.3 Designations a. Class I Wetlands The Panel on its own motion or acting on a rulemaking petition filed in accordance with Section 7, shall determine whether to classify any wetland as a Class I wetland or to reclassify a Class I wetland pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 915.
b. Other Wetlands The Secretary on his or her own motion or upon petition may, pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 914:
1. Determine whether a wetland is a Class II or Class III wetland.2. Determine which functions and values make a wetland significant.3. Determine whether the size or configuration of a buffer zone adjacent to a Class II wetland should be increased or decreased.4. Determine the boundaries of a significant wetland.5. Determine whether an area shown as a wetland on the VSWI maps is not a wetland.4.4 Vermont Significant Wetland Inventory Maps The VSWI maps should not be relied upon to provide precise information regarding the location or configuration of wetlands (see Section 3.2). The VSWI maps are intended to denote the approximate location and configuration of wetlands. The Secretary shall revise the VSWI maps to reflect wetland determinations issued by the Secretary pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 914 and by the Panel pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 915. The Secretary may also adjust the boundaries of wetlands shown on the VSWI maps to more accurately depict the location of a wetland, as determined by aerial photos, field visits, field delineations and other relevant information.
4.5 Delineation of Wetland Boundaries a. The methodology for delineating the boundaries of any wetland is described in Section 3.2.b. Wetland boundaries shall be delineated in accordance with the provisions of these rules.c. Formal determinations of wetland boundaries are made by the Secretary pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 914, or the Panel pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 915.4.6 Presumptions All wetlands contiguous to wetlands shown on the Vermont Significant Wetland Inventory maps are presumed to be Class II wetlands, unless identified as Class I or III wetlands, or unless determined otherwise by the Secretary or Panel pursuant to Section 8. In addition, each of the following wetlands shall be presumed to be Class II wetlands unless determined otherwise by the Secretary or Panel:
a. The wetland is of the same type and threshold size as those mapped on the VSWI maps: i.e.; open water (pond); emergent marsh; shrub swamp; forested swamp; wet meadow; beaver pond or beaver meadow; bog or fen; or greater than 0.5 acres.b. The wetland contains woody vegetation and is adjacent to a stream, river or open body of water.c. The wetland contains dense, persistent non-woody vegetation and is adjacent to a stream, river or open body of water.d. The wetland is a vernal pool that provides amphibian breeding habitat.e. The wetland is a headwater wetland.f. The wetland is adjacent to impaired waters and the impairment is related to wetland water quality functions.g. The wetland contains a species that appears in the NNHP database as rare, threatened, endangered or uncommon; or is a natural community type that is rare or uncommon.h. The wetland has been previously designated as a significant wetland.i. It is within sixty (60) days after the landowner has received notice of a preliminary wetland determination pursuant to Section 8.1 of these rules.Section 5 Functional Criteria for Evaluating a Wetland's Significance In evaluating whether any wetland is a Class II or a Class I wetland, the Secretary or Panel shall evaluate the functions that the wetland serves both as a discrete wetland and in conjunction with other wetlands by considering the following functional criteria. Consideration shall be given to the number of and/or extent to which protected functions and values are provided by a wetland or wetland complex.
5.1 Water Storage for Flood Water and Storm Runoff Wetlands that provide for the temporary storage of floodwater or stormwater runoff to the extent that they make an important contribution to: reducing risks to public safety, reducing damage to public or private property reducing downstream erosion or enhancing the stability of habitat for aquatic life, are significant wetlands. Examples of wetlands that provide storage for floodwaters or stormwater runoff may include those that are located in the upper portion of the watershed, have a constricted outlet, are located in a relatively flat area with storage potential, densely vegetated, or are located in a watershed with a large amount of impervious surfaces.
In determining whether a wetland is significant for this function, the Secretary or Panel shall, at a minimum, consider the extent to which it:
a. Reduces either the magnitude or frequency of risks to public safety or of damage to public or private property due to flood water or stormwater runoff after considering: (1) Its significance relative to other water storage capacity in its own watershed or in the watershed of any watercourse to which it is tributary. In particular, available water storage capacity upstream of the wetland should be considered.(2) Whether it is contiguous to a lake or pond which would provide storage benefits independent of the wetland.(3) The extent of development and impervious surface in the watershed.(4) The history of damage to public and private property and economic loss due to flooding within the watershed downstream of the wetland.(5) The characteristics of development and resources in or near the floodplain downstream of the wetland.(6) The extent to which the wetland's water storage capacity is created by beaver dams and similar temporary conditionsb. Attenuates flood peaks and reduces water velocities, thereby reducing scouring and erosion.c. Maintains the geomorphic stability of important habitat for aquatic life by attenuating peak flows of flood waters or stormwater runoff, or reducing the scouring and erosion of stream banks, or both. Hydraulic and hydrologic analysis of the extent to which a wetland serves this function shall utilize average annual, 10-year, 50-year and 100-year storm frequencies in generating hydrographs for the wetland's inlet, outlet and at critical locations upstream and downstream.
5.2 Surface and Ground Water Protection Wetlands that make an important contribution to the protection or enhancement of the quality of surface or of ground water are significant wetlands. In determining whether a wetland is significant for this function, the Secretary or Panel shall, at a minimum, consider the extent to which it:
a. Recharges a drinking water source, such as a well head or source protection area.b. Reduces levels of contaminants in surface waters which recharge underlying or adjacent groundwaters.c. Contributes to the flows of Class A surface waters.d. Enhances or protects water quality through chemical action, by the removal of nutrients, by the retention or removal of sediments or organic matter, or by moderating the adverse water quality effects of soil erosion or stormwater runoff.e. Contributes to the protection or improvement of water quality of any impaired water.f. Is adjacent to surface waters, especially impaired waters.5.3 Fish Habitat Wetlands that are used for spawning by northern pike or that are important for providing fish habitat are significant wetlands. In determining whether a wetland is significant for fish habitat the Secretary or Panel shall, at a minimum, consider the extent to which it:
a. Provides spawning, nursery, feeding or cover habitat for fish.b. Lowers or moderates the temperature of surface waters due to the discharge of cold springs, the provision of shade or for other reasons.5.4 Wildlife Habitat Wetlands that support a significant number of breeding waterfowl, including all species of ducks, geese and swans, or broods of waterfowl or that provide important habitat for other wildlife and migratory birds are significant wetlands. Wetlands that provide wildlife habitat are extremely diverse and range from small isolated wetlands to large forested swamps. In determining whether a wetland is significant for wildlife habitat, the Secretary or Panel shall, at a minimum, consider the extent to which it:
a. Birds (1) Supports or provides the habitat to support one or more breeding pairs of waterfowl or one or more broods of waterfowl.(2) Supports or provides the resting, feeding, staging or roosting habitat to support waterfowl migration.(3) Supports a nest site, provides a buffer for a nest site, or is used as feeding habitat for wading birds, including: Great blue heron, black-crowned night-heron, snowy egret, cattle egret, or green heron.(4) Supports or has the habitat to support one or more breeding pairs of any migratory bird that requires wetland habitat for breeding, nesting, rearing of young, feeding, staging, roosting, or migration, including: Virginia rail, common snipe, marsh wren, American bittern, northern water thrush, northern harrier, spruce grouse, Cerulean warbler, and common loon.b. Mammals (1) Supports winter habitat for white-tailed deer, based on an assessment of winter use. Typical indicators include browsing, bark stripping, worn trails, pellet piles, and softwood tree cover.(2) Provides important feeding habitat for black bear, bobcat, or moose, based on an assessment of use.(3) Supports or has the habitat to support muskrats, otter, or mink.(4) Supports an active beaver dam, one or more beaver lodges, or evidence of an adult population of beaver which have used the site in two or more consecutive years.c. Amphibians (1) Supports or provides habitat to support the reproduction of uncommon Vermont amphibian species including: Jefferson salamander, blue-spotted salamander, spotted salamander, which are associated with vernal pools for breeding habitat; the Northern dusky salamander and the spring salamander, which are associated with headwater seeps, springs and streams; the four-toed salamander; Fowler's toad, Western chorus frog, and other amphibians found in Vermont of similar significance.(2) Supports or provides the habitat to support significant breeding populations of Vermont amphibian species including the species listed in subsection (c)(1); and pickerel frog, northern leopard frog, mink frog, and others found in Vermont of similar significance.d. Reptiles (1) Provides habitat that supports or has the habitat to support uncommon Vermont reptile species, including: wood turtle, northern map turtle, eastern musk turtle, stinkpot turtle, spotted turtle, spiny softshell turtle, eastern ribbonsnake, northern watersnake, and others found in Vermont of similar significance.(2) Supports or provides the habitat to support significant populations of Vermont reptile species, including the species listed in subsection (d)(1), smooth greensnake, DeKay's brownsnake, and other more common wetland-associated species.e. Landscape Considerations (1) Meets four or more of the following conditions indicative of wildlife habitat diversity: (a) Three or more wetland vegetation classes (1/2 acre or greater in size) are present including: open water contiguous to but not necessarily part of the wetland, deep marsh, shallow marsh, shrub swamp, forested swamp, fen, or bog;(b) The dominant wetland vegetation class is one of the following types: deep marsh, shallow marsh, shrub swamp, or forested swamp;(c) The wetland is located contiguous to a lake, pond, river, or stream;(d) Fifty percent or more of the surrounding habitat types are any combination of one or more of the following types: forest, agricultural land, old field, or open land;(e) Emergent or woody vegetation occupies 26 to 75 percent of the wetland area and open water occupies the remainder of the wetland area;(f) The wetland falls into one of the following:1. Hydrologically connected to other wetlands of different dominant vegetation classes or open water bodies within 1 mile; or2. Hydrologically connected to other wetlands of the same dominant vegetation class within 1/2 mile; or3. Within 1/4 mile of other wetlands of different dominant vegetation classes or within 1/4 mile of open water bodies; but not hydrologically connected.(2) Is owned by the state or federal government in fee or through easement and managed for purposes of wildlife and habitat conservation as evidenced by a management plan filed and approved by the Secretary or other appropriate governing official;(3) Contains evidence that it is used by wetland-dependent wildlife species.5.5 Exemplary Wetland Natural Community Wetlands that make an important contribution to Vermont's natural heritage are significant wetlands. These include wetlands that are identified as high quality examples of one of Vermont's recognized natural community types. There are over forty wetland natural community types recognized in Vermont by the Nongame and Natural Heritage Program of the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department. These include rare types such as dwarf shrub bog, rich fen, alpine peatland, and red maple-black gum swamp, and more common types such as deep bulrush marsh, cattail marsh, northern white cedar swamp, spruce-fir-tamarack swamp, and red maple-black ash seepage swamp. In determining whether a wetland is significant for this function the Secretary or Panel shall, at a minimum, consider the extent to which it:
a. Is an example of a wetland natural community type that has been identified and mapped by or meets the ranking and mapping standards of the Nongame and Natural Heritage Program of the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department. When evaluating a wetland of a particular natural community type, the rarity of the type is a primary consideration in determining its importance to this function. More generally, larger wetlands in undisturbed condition and in unfragmented landscapes are ranked as the better examples.b. Contains ecological features that contribute to Vermont's natural heritage, including deep peat accumulations reflecting thousands of years of history of wetland formation, forested wetlands displaying very old trees and other old growth characteristics, a wetland natural community that is at the edge of the normal range for that type, a wetland mosaic containing examples of several to many wetland community types, or a large wetland complex containing examples of several wetland community types.5.6 Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species Habitat Wetlands that contain rare, threatened, or endangered species of plants or animals are significant wetlands. In determining whether a wetland is significant for this function the Secretary or Panel shall consider whether:
a. There is creditable documentation that the wetland provides important habitat for any species on the federal or state threatened or endangered species list of animals or plants.b. There is creditable documentation that the wetland has contained one or more threatened or endangered species on the federal or state list in the past 10 years.c. There is creditable documentation that the wetland provides important habitat for any species listed as rare in Vermont (S1 or S2 ranks), state historic (SH rank), or rare to uncommon globally (G1, G2, or G3 ranks), by the Nongame and Natural Heritage Program of the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department.d. There is creditable documentation that the wetland provides habitat for multiple uncommon species of species of plants or animals (S3 rank).5.7 Education and Research in Natural Sciences Wetlands that provide, or are likely to provide valuable resources for education or scientific research are significant wetlands. In determining whether a wetland is significant for this function the Secretary or the Panel shall, at a minimum, consider whether the wetland:
a. is owned by a public entity dedicated to education or research or an easement for education or research has been conferred to a public entity.b. has a history of use for education or research.c. has one or more characteristics which make it unique or valuable for education or scientific research purposes.5.8 Recreational Value and Economic Benefits Wetlands that provide substantial recreational values or economic benefits are significant wetlands. In determining whether a wetland is significant for this function, the Secretary or Panel shall, at a minimum, consider the extent to which it:
a. Is used for, or contributes to, recreational activities.b. Provides economic benefits.c. Provides important habitat for fish or wildlife which can be fished, hunted or trapped under applicable state law.d. Is used for the harvesting of wild foods.5.9 Open Space and Aesthetics Wetlands that contribute substantially to the open-space and aesthetic character of the landscape are significant wetlands. In determining whether a wetland is significant for this function, the Secretary or Panel shall, at a minimum, consider the extent to which it:
a. Can be readily observed by the public.b. Possesses special or unique aesthetic qualities.c. Has prominence as a distinct feature in the surrounding landscape.d. Has been identified as important open space in a municipal, regional or state plan.5.10 Erosion Control through Binding and Stabilizing the Soil Wetlands that are important for erosion control are significant wetlands. Such wetlands are typically located along stream, river, pond or lake shorelines, where erosive forces are present. In determining whether a wetland is significant for this function, the Secretary or Panel shall, at a minimum, consider the extent to which it:
a. Protects a shoreline, riverbank or streambank from excessive erosion by dissipation of wave and current energy or by binding and stabilizing the soil.b. Prevents erosion by binding or stabilizing the soil.c. Has been identified through fluvial geomorphic assessment using methods approved by the Secretary to be important in maintaining the natural condition of the stream or river corridor.Section 6 Allowed Uses The following uses shall be allowed in a Class I or Class II wetland and in its buffer zone without a permit, provided that the configuration of the wetland's outlet or the flow of water into or out of the wetland is not altered and that no draining, dredging, filling, or grading occurs except as may be provided for in sub sections 6.01, 6.02, 6.03, 6.04, 6.07, 6.08, 6.12, 6.13, 6.14, 6.15, 6.16, and 6.22 below. Designation of allowed uses in these rules shall not provide relief from liability for violations that commenced prior to the effective date of such allowed use.
6.01 Silvicultural activities which: a. Comply with Acceptable Management Practices for Maintaining Water Quality on Logging Jobs in Vermont adopted pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 1259;b. Comply with silvicultural standards for deer wintering yards, established jointly by the Departments of Fish and Wildlife and Forests, Parks and Recreation, when occurring in significant wetlands or adjacent buffer zones containing deer wintering yards mapped by the Fish and Wildlife Department; andc. Restrict equipment maintenance and the storing or changing of oil, grease, or other petroleum products to log landings; andd. Restrict log landings to uplands or buffer zones except that landings not requiring the placement of fill may be located within the wetland when the ground is frozen.6.02 The restoration, reconstruction, rehabilitation, or upgrading of existing roads used solely for silvicultural purposes provided that such roads are not increased in width by more than 20%.6.03 The construction of new roads used solely for silvicultural purposes in buffer zones.6.04 The removal of beaver dams to the extent necessary to prevent impairment of the use of existing logging roads or ongoing silvicultural management practices.6.05 Silvicultural activities including the uses allowed by subsections b, c and d above, when occurring in any Class I wetland, the buffer zone for any Class I wetland and in any Class II wetland specifically designated by the Secretary or Panel to protect habitat for any species on the state or federal list of threatened or endangered species, that comply with a plan approved in writing by the Commissioner of the Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation.6.06. The growing of food or crops in connection with farming activities when a. Threatened or endangered species are protected; andb. No clearing of existing vegetation occurs in deer wintering yards mapped by the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department; andc. In compliance with the most recent Acceptable Agricultural Practices adopted by the Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets.6.07 The operation of existing hydroelectric facilities in accordance with all applicable requirements established by federal and state agencies. This use may involve dredging, draining and/or altering the flow of water into or out of a wetland.6.08 The routine repair and maintenance of utility poles,lines and corridors in a manner which minimizes adverse impacts and is accordance with Best Management Practices developed by the Secretary.6.09 Hunting, birdwatching, hiking, boating, trapping, fishing, horseback riding, swimming, snowshoeing, skiing, and similar outdoor recreational activities.6.10 Snowmobiling on trails designated by the Vermont Association of Snow Travelers.6.11 Scientific research and educational activities.6.12 The maintenance, reconstruction, or routine repair of structures and facilities (including ski trails, public transportation facilities, bulkheads, docks, piers, pilings, paved areas, houses, or other buildings) in compliance with the Vermont Wetland Rules in existence as of the date of their construction or in existence as of February 23, 1990 or additions to such structures or facilities which do not involve substantial expansion or modification in a wetland or buffer.6.13 Emergency repair, cleanup, or maintenance of structures and facilities (including utility poles and lines, public transportation facilities, bulkheads, docks, piers, pilings, paved areas, houses, or other buildings), or emergency actions required to provide for public health, safety and welfare for disaster relief in connection with a federal or state-designated disaster.6.14 The routine maintenance and upkeep, including the removal of vegetation from, or maintenance dredging of, constructed ponds in compliance with Best Management Practices developed by the Secretary. This use may involve dredging, temporary draining, and/or temporarily altering the flow of water into or out of a wetland.6.15 Wildlife or fisheries management activities, including the removal of beaver dams which pose a significant hazard to public health or safety or to public or private property, conducted in accordance with a written plan or procedure adopted by the Secretary. This use may involve draining and/ or altering the flow of water into or out of a wetland.6.16 The placement, maintenance or removal of duck blinds, ice fishing shanties, fences, catwalks, footbridges, observation decks, docks exempt similar structures, in compliance with Best Management Practices developed by the Secretary.6.17 The harvesting of wild foods and the collecting of scientific specimens, not on the state or federal threatened or endangered species lists, for noncommercial purposes.6.18 The control of non-native species of nuisance plants including Eurasian milfoil, water chestnut, purple loosestrife ( Lythrum salicaria) and reed grass (Phragmites australis), where such control is by hand pulling of plants or according to a written plan approved by the Secretary and under any applicable state law.6.19 Activities within existing lawns, including mowing, the placement of barbecue pits, sand boxes, bird houses, and other similar activities incidental to ordinary residential use.6.20 The use of pesticides or other biological agents to control mosquitoes when applied according to all applicable state law.6.21 The operation of dams in accordance with the surface level rules for lakes and ponds adopted under 10 V.S.A. § 6025(d)(1), provided that prior to the adoption the Panel finds in writing that the surface level rules will not result in any undue adverse effect on the protected wetland functions. This use may involve draining or altering the flow of water into or out of a wetland.6.22 The installation of a new overhead utility line that does not involve extensive tree clearing, with three poles or fewer in the wetland or buffer zone, in compliance with Best Management Practices developed by the Secretary6.23 Wetland restoration or stream restoration projects, including dam removals, in accordance with a plan approved by the Secretary.6.24 Dry hydrants installed in constructed ponds, where the disturbance is limited to the pond and previously disturbed or managed areas, such as lawns and mowed fields.6.25 Cleanup activities for spills of oil or hazardous materials.Section 7 Rulemaking Petitions 7.1 General Any person may petition the Panel to classify any wetland as a Class I wetland, or to reclassify any Class I wetland to a lower classification, in accordance with the Vermont Administrative Procedures Act, 3 V.S.A. §§ 800-849, these rules and the Natural Resources Board Rules of Procedure.
7.2 Content of Petitions Any petition shall be in writing and must contain the following information, in addition to the information required by the Natural Resources Board Rules of Procedure, unless waived in writing by the Panel.
a. A description of the specific location of the subject wetland or buffer zone and the location on a USGS topographic map or the relevant portion of the VSWI map.b. A detailed narrative of why the petitioner believes the action(s) sought by the petition is consistent with these rules including a discussion of each wetland function (see Section 5 ) at issue.c. Copies of all documents which the petitioner intends to rely upon in support of the petition;d. The names and complete mailing addresses of all persons owning property within or adjacent to the wetland and the existing and proposed buffer zone.e. All determinations or decisions, if any, issued by the Secretary, Panel, or former Water Resources Board pertaining to the wetland in question.f. Such other information as the Panel may require.7.3 Petition Distribution The petitioner shall file the petition in accordance with Section 10 of the Natural Resources Board Rules of Procedure, and shall serve the petition in accordance with Section 16 of the Natural Resources Board Rules of Procedure. Unless waived in writing by the Panel, the petitioner shall also serve the petition upon each person owning property within or adjacent to the wetland and the existing and proposed buffer zone.
7.4 Rulemaking Process a. Notice The Panel shall consider petitions in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act, 3 V.S.A. §§ 801-849, these rules and the Natural Resources Board's Rules of Procedure. Notice of the petition shall be provided pursuant to 3 V.S.A. § 839. Such notice shall be published at the petitioner's expense.
b. Review Standards The Panel shall determine whether a wetland is a Class I wetland, on the basis of the criteria set forth in Section 5. The Panel shall decide whether to modify the size or configuration of any buffer zone associated with any Class I wetland on the basis of the need to protect those values and functions sought to be preserved by the designation.
7.5 Emergency Rulemaking Where the Panel believes that there exists an imminent peril to public health, safety or welfare, it may adopt an emergency rule pursuant to 3 V.S.A. § 844.
Section 8 Wetlands Determinations by the Secretary8.1 General The Secretary may, upon a petition or on his or her own motion, determine whether any wetland is a Class II Wetland or a Class III wetland, pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 914 and these rules. Such determinations shall be based on an evaluation of the functions and values set forth in statute and these rules. The Secretary may establish the necessary width of a buffer zone of any Class II wetland as part of any wetland determination pursuant to these rules. Any wetland proposed by the Secretary to be designated as a Class II wetland shall be presumed to be a significant wetland until the Secretary determines otherwise. This presumption shall become effective upon receipt by the landowner of a registered letter from the Secretary giving notice of a preliminary wetland determination, and shall last sixty (60) days thereafter.
8.2 Contents of Petitions Any request by a person for the Secretary to make a determination pursuant to Section 8.1 shall be in writing and must contain the following:
a. a description of the specific location of the subject wetland or buffer zone and the location on a USGS topographic map or the relevant portion of the VSWI map;b. a detailed narrative of the action(s) sought by the petitioner and why the action(s) are consistent with these rules, including a description of the wetland and each wetland function and value ( Section 5 ) at issue;c. copies of all documents which the petitioner intends to rely upon in support of the request;d. the names and complete mailing addresses of all persons owning property within or adjacent to the wetland area and buffer zone in question.e. all determinations and decisions, if any, issued by the Secretary, Panel or former Water Resources Board, pertaining to the wetland or buffer at issue; andf. such other information as the Secretary may require.8.3 Notification Requirements a. The Petitioner shall provide written notice of a petition for a determination under this section to the owner of each parcel of land within or adjacent to the wetland area or buffer zone being considered, and shall certify to the Secretary in writing that such notice has been provided, and shall state in the written certification the name and address of each person notified and the date and manner that notice was provided.b. The Secretary shall provide by mail written notice of a proposed determination to the owner of each parcel of land within or adjacent to the wetland area or buffer zone being considered. The Secretary shall publish notice on the Agency website and provide an electronic notice to persons who have requested to be on a list of interested persons. Such notice shall include the date of the Secretary's proposed determination and shall provide no fewer than thirty (30) days from the date of the Secretary's proposed determination within which to file written comments or to request that the Secretary hold a public meeting on the proposed determination. The Secretary will provide notice of any public meeting in the same manner as the proposed determination.c. The Secretary shall provide, in person, by mail, or by electronic notice, a written copy of a final wetland determination under this Section to the petitioner and to those receiving notice pursuant to Section 8.3.a.8.4 Reconsideration of Wetland Determinations Within 15 days of the date of the decision, the applicant, any person entitled to notice under Section 8.3(a), or any person who filed written comments regarding the permit application may request in writing reconsideration by the Secretary. Such a request shall specify all action(s) for which reconsideration is sought and shall provide an explanation of the reason(s) why the request is filed. Where a request for reconsideration has been properly filed, additional evidence may be submitted concerning the functions and values of the wetland, and any other material issue as deemed appropriate by the Secretary. The Secretary may appoint a designee who shall be at the Division Director level or higher to render a decision on the request for reconsideration. The Secretary's written reconsideration decision shall be issued as expeditiously as possible under the circumstances, and shall be distributed in accordance with Section 8.3(c). The Secretary's written reconsideration decision shall constitute a final act or decision of the Secretary, subject to appeal pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 8504 and Section 10 of these Rules.
No request for reconsideration may be filed concerning or resulting from a request for reconsideration. If the Secretary fails to act on a request for reconsideration within 20 days of its filing, the request shall be deemed to be denied.
Filing a timely request for reconsideration with the Secretary tolls the 30-day period for filing an appeal with the Environmental Court. The full time for appeal shall commence to run and shall be computed from the date of the issuance of the Secretary's decision on the reconsideration request.
8.5 Mapping Corrections The Secretary shall have the authority to make the following mapping corrections, which are not wetland determinations pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 914. VSWI map updates based on these determinations will be reflected on the VSWI map located on the Department of Environmental Conservation's Environmental Interest Locator website.
a. The Secretary may, upon request or on his or her own motion, determine whether a polygon on the VSWI map is not a wetland. Such determinations shall be based on the methodology for identifying wetlands in Section 3.2.a of these rules. Section 8.3 notification requirements do not apply to such map corrections. The Secretary shall provide notice of such map corrections to Town Clerk offices on a periodic basis, and to a list of interested parties, if anyb. The Secretary may determine that a polygon on the VSWI map is inaccurate and may change the configuration of the polygon to more accurately reflect the location of a wetland, as determined from aerial photos, field visits, field delineations and other relevant information. Section 8.3 notification requirements shall not apply to such changes. These types of changes do not alter the classification of the wetland, but enhance the accuracy of the VSWI maps. These map corrections generally fall into the following three categories: i. Registration errors: Wetland polygons that do not line up with the underlying base layers. The most common error in this category are small ponds that do not line up with visible ponds on ortho-photos. A notice of map changes made based on these determinations will be sent to Town Clerk offices on a periodic basis and to a list of interested parties, if any.ii. Corrections based on field verified contiguity: This type of mapping correction is based on field verified information of the general size and location of the wetland, and adjusts the wetland boundary of an already designated Class Two wetland. Wetland delineations that are not part of a permitting action are included in this category. A notice of map changes based on these determinations will be sent to Town Clerk offices, to the affected landowners and to a list of interested parties, if any.iii. Corrections based on wetland delineation associated with a permit action. This type of mapping correction is based on a field delineated wetland boundary location of an already designated Class Two wetland. The notice of map change will be included in notifications required under Sections 9.2, 9.3 and 9.8.Section 9 Permits9.1 General Activity in a Class I or Class II wetland or its associated buffer zone is prohibited unless it is an allowed use or authorized by a permit, conditional use determination or order issued by the Secretary The Secretary may impose any conditions in such a permit that are deemed necessary to achieve the purposes of these rules. The Secretary may issue a permit authorizing an activity occurring within a Class I wetland only to meet a compelling public need to protect public health or safety. A permit issued under these rules shall not relieve any person of the responsibility to comply with all other applicable federal, state or local laws. An individual wetland permit shall remain valid for one year from the date of issuance unless the Secretary specifies a longer period not to exceed five years. The Secretary may extend a permit for up to a total of ten years beyond the date of issuance of the original permit.
A permit shall not be required for:
1. Any activity that occurred before the effective date of 10 V.S.A. § 913 unless the activity occurred within: a. an area identified as a wetland on the VSWI maps as they existed on the date the activity commenced;b. a wetland that was contiguous to an area identified as a wetland on the VSWI maps; orc. the buffer zone of a wetland referred to in a. or b. above.2. Any construction within a wetland that is identified on the VSWI maps as they existed on the date the activity commenced, or within the buffer zone of such a wetland, provided that the construction was completed prior to February 23, 1992, and no action for which a permit or conditional use determination was required under these rules was taken or caused to be taken on or after February 23, 1992.9.2 Individual Permit Application; Distributiona. The applicant shall, in addition to filing an original copy with the Secretary, file a complete copy of the request for an individual permit with the following: 1. the clerk of each Vermont municipality in which the wetland or buffer zone is located,2. each regional planning commission serving the geographical area in which the wetland or buffer zone is located.b. In addition, copies of the location map, the description of the specific action(s) for which a permit is sought, the supporting narrative and a listing of where complete copies of the request have been filed shall be provided to the municipal planning commission and/or conservation commission and to all persons owning property within or adjacent to the affected wetland area or buffer zone in question.c. The Secretary may require an applicant to submit any additional information that the Secretary considers necessary in order to make a decision on the issuance or denial of a permit. The Secretary may dismiss the application without prejudice if the requested information is not provided to the Secretary within sixty (60) days of the Secretary's request.9.3 Notice of Request for Public Comment on Individual Permit Application The Secretary shall provide an opportunity for public comment by sending a notice of a permit application to all towns wherein the affected wetland area or buffer zone is located and to all persons owning property within or adjacent to the affected wetland area or buffer zone with a request that the notice be posted for no less than 15 days. The Secretary may provide additional notice of the permit application and may conduct a public meeting to receive additional public comment.
9.4 Notice of Decision The Secretary shall provide notice of any decision made under Section 9 to all persons entitled to receive notice under Section 9.2 above.
9.5 Individual Permit Review Standards a. Burden of Proof Applicants for an individual wetland permit shall have the burden to show that a proposed activity in any Class I or Class II wetland or its buffer zone complies with these rules and will have no undue adverse effect on protected functions and values. In determining whether this burden has been met, the potential effect of any proposed activity shall be evaluated on the basis of both its direct and immediate effects as well as on the basis of any cumulative or on-going effects on the significant wetland.
b. Mitigation Sequencing An adverse effect on any protected function, other than a minimal impact, shall be presumed to constitute an undue adverse effect unless:
(1) The proposed activity cannot practicably be located outside the wetland or on another site owned or controlled by the applicant or reasonably available to satisfy the basic project purpose; and(2) If the proposed activity cannot practicably be located outside the wetland, all practicable measures have been taken to avoid adverse impacts on protected functions; and(3) If avoidance of adverse effects on protected functions cannot be practically achieved, the proposed activity has been planned to minimize adverse impacts on the protected functions and a plan has been developed for the prompt restoration of any adverse impacts on protected functions.c. Compensation Compensation may be considered only when full compliance with the requirements of subsection b (1-3) is insufficient to achieve no net undue adverse effect on any protected function. Such compensation measures may include establishing new wetlands or enlarging the boundaries of an existing wetland to compensate for the adverse impact of the proposed activity. The compensation may also include payment of fees to a federal "in- lieu fee" program or mitigation bank approved by the Secretary.
Compensation to avoid undue adverse impacts on protected functions in Class I wetlands or their buffer zones may only be considered upon the showing that the adverse impacts are necessary in the course of meeting a compelling public need to protect public health or safety.
Compensation will be allowed for impacts to either Class I or Class II wetlands only to reduce adverse impacts on those protected functions that are compensable.
Compensation is presumed to be possible for adverse impacts on the functions specified in Sections 5.1, 5.2(d), 5.4(a) (1 and 2), and 5.9. For any of the remaining functions and values specified in Section 5 the applicant must show that compensation will be successful in achieving no net loss in any protected function. Any compensation plan must demonstrate that:
(1) there will be no net loss of the protected functions or acreage of significant wetlands;(2) the compensation measures will be fully implemented prior to, or concurrently with, the proposed activity;(3) the compensation measures shall be monitored and managed for a period necessary to insure full replacement of the protected functions in question and any additional period that may be required by subsequent remedial measures but in no event for less than five years;(4) measures shall be designed to be self-sustaining following the period for which monitoring or management is required;(5) adequate financial surety is provided to carry out the proposed compensation including any necessary remedial measures; and(6) any replacement wetland will be permanently preserved by a conservation easement or deed restriction conveyed to a suitable party or by other appropriate means.9.6 Reconsideration of Individual Wetland Permit Decisions Within 15 days of the date of the decision, the applicant, any person entitled to notice under Section 9.2, or any person who filed written comments regarding the permit application may request in writing reconsideration by the Secretary. Such a request shall specify all action(s) for which reconsideration is sought and shall provide an explanation of the reason(s) why the request is filed. Where a request for reconsideration has been properly filed, additional evidence may be submitted concerning the adequacy of the permit application, the adequacy of mitigation measures, and any other material issue as deemed appropriate by the Secretary. The Secretary may appoint a designee who shall be at the Division Director level or higher to render a decision on the request for reconsideration. The Secretary's written reconsideration decision shall be issued as expeditiously as possible under the circumstances, and shall be distributed in accordance with Section 9.4. The Secretary's written reconsideration decision shall constitute a final act or decision of the Secretary, subject to appeal pursuant to 10 V.S.A. § 8504 and Section 10 of these Rules.
No request for reconsideration may be filed concerning or resulting from a request for reconsideration. If the Secretary fails to act on a request for reconsideration within 20 days of its filing, the request shall be deemed to be denied.
Filing a timely request for reconsideration with the Secretary tolls the 30-day period for filing an appeal with the Environmental Court. The full time for appeal shall commence to run and shall be computed from the date of the issuance of the Secretary's decision on the reconsideration request.
9.7 General Permits The Secretary may issue general permits for discrete categories of Class II wetlands and for discrete categories of activities or uses in accordance with the provisions of this section. A general permit shall be issued for a specified period of time not to exceed five (5) years from the date of issuance. Authorizations issued by the Secretary pursuant to a general permit shall be valid for a specified period of time not to exceed five (5) years.
a. Proposed General Permits Any proposed general permit shall include the following information:
(1) A detailed description of the activities or uses to be authorized.(2) Any conditions or limitations on the activities or uses authorized.(3) The expiration date of the general permit.(4) A detailed narrative explaining the rationale for the proposed general permit and the basis on which the Secretary has determined that activities eligible for authorization pursuant to the general permit will comply with these rules and will have no undue adverse effect on protected functions and values In making this determination, the Secretary shall evaluate both the direct and immediate effects of any proposed activity as well as the cumulative or ongoing effects on the significant wetland. An adverse effect on protected functions, other than a minimal impact, shall be presumed to constitute an undue adverse effect unless: (a) The proposed activity cannot practicably be located outside the wetland or on another site owned, controlled or available to satisfy the basic project purpose; and(b) If the proposed activity cannot practicably be located outside the wetland, all practicable measures have been taken to avoid adverse impacts on protected functions; and(c) If avoidance of adverse effects on protected functions cannot be practically achieved, the proposed activity has been planned to minimize adverse impacts on the protected functions and a plan has been developed for the prompt restoration of any adverse impacts on protected functions.b. Copies of any documents which the Secretary has relied upon in the preparation of the proposed general permits shall be available to the public upon request unless exempt from public inspection and copying pursuant to 1 V.S.A. § 317(c).c. Notice The Secretary shall publish notice of any proposed general permit in no fewer than three daily newspapers that collectively circulate throughout the state. The Secretary shall also provide notice by email to the Panel and by direct mail or email to all persons requesting such notice prior to or during the comment period. Copies of any proposed general permit shall be posted on the Agency of Natural Resources website, and shall be available for review during normal office hours at the Wetlands Office of the Department of Environmental Conservation in Waterbury, each regional office of the Agency of Natural Resources and such other location as the Secretary may direct. The notice shall:
(1) accurately summarize the proposed general permit(s);(2) indicate where copies can be obtained; and(3) provide at least 45 days in which to file written comments and/or to file a written request that the Secretary hold a public meeting.d. Public Meeting Requests Any request for a public meeting shall be submitted to the Secretary in writing during the public comment period. The Secretary shall hold a public meeting if there is a demonstrated interest in such a meeting. The Secretary shall publish notice of any public meeting at least thirty (30) days prior to the meeting. Notice shall be given in the same manner as notice of the draft general permit.
e. Decision The Secretary shall provide copies by direct mail or email of any final general permit and a responsiveness summary addressing all substantial comments in the final decision to the Panel, to all persons receiving notice prior to or during the comment period and to all persons who file timely written comments.
f. Modification of General Permit The Secretary may modify a general permit after providing an opportunity for public participation in the same manner as described in Section 9.7(b).
9.8 Application for Authorization Under a General Permit a. Application. An applicant for authorization under a general permit shall submit a completed Notice of Intent (NOI) form with all necessary attachments and fees, if any, and all other application information required by the general permit and the Secretary.
The Secretary may require an applicant to submit any additional information that the Secretary considers necessary in order to make a decision on the issuance or denial of an authorization under the general permit. The Secretary may deny coverage if the requested information is not provided within sixty (60) days of the Secretary's request.
b. Public Notice of Application Once the Secretary determines that an application for authorization under a general permit is complete, the Secretary shall provide public notice to the clerk of the municipality in which the proposed activity and affected wetland area and buffer are located, shall post notice on the Environmental Notice Bulletin, and shall provide notice to a list of interested persons, if any. The Secretary shall request that the notice be posted by the municipality for no less than ten (10) days.
For a period of ten (10) days following the Secretary's completion of the public notice requirements specified above, the Secretary shall provide an opportunity to the public to provide written comment regarding whether the application complies with the terms and conditions of the general permit.
The Secretary shall maintain an interested persons list for those individuals/groups that wish to receive copies of notices of all general permit applications within the State or within a certain geographic area. Such notices may be distributed electronically instead of via regular mail.
The period for public comment may be extended at the sole discretion of the Secretary.
The applicant shall comply with any additional notice requirements specified in the general permit.
c. Issuance or Denial of Authorizations If the Secretary determines that an application is complete and that the proposed activity meets the terms and conditions of the general permit, the Secretary shall issue an authorization unless the Secretary determines that an individual permit is required pursuant to Section 9.8(e).
Denials of an authorization shall be issued in writing, stating the reasons for the denial. If an application is denied for lack of technical or other information, the Secretary will provide appropriate information to help the applicant correct the deficiencies and re-apply for an authorization.
d. Revocation of an Authorization The Secretary may, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, revoke or suspend, in whole or in part, an authorization under a general permit for cause, including:
1. violation of the terms or conditions of the general permit;2. obtaining authorization by misrepresentation or failure to fully disclose all relevant facts;3. a change in any condition that requires either a temporary or permanent reduction or elimination of the authorized activity.e. Requiring Coverage under an Individual Permit The Secretary may require a person applying for an authorization under a general permit to apply for an individual permit. Cases where an individual permit may be required include the following:
1. the applicant is not in compliance with the terms and conditions of the general permit;2. the activity does not qualify for authorization under a general permit taking into account the location of the activity, the size of the activity, or the impact of the activity on the functions of the wetland or buffer zone in question.f. Requiring Authorization under a General Permit The Secretary may require a person applying for an individual permit to apply for authorization under a general permit provided the Secretary finds that the activity complies with all conditions of the general permit and the activity is more appropriately covered under the general permit.
g. Nonreporting General Permits. The Secretary may, at his or her discretion, issue a nonreporting general permit.Section 10 Appeals Appeals from any act or decision of the Secretary under these rules are governed by 10 V.S.A. § 8504.
Appendix A Class One Wetlands
This appendix shows those wetlands that have been designated as Class I wetlands as provided for in Section 7 of the Vermont Wetland Rules.
Addison County
NONE
Bennington County
Dorset Marsh, Dorset, 4/22/92, WET-90-03
Caledonia County
NONE
Chittenden County
Northshore Wetland, Burlington, 9/18/00, WET-00-03
Essex County
NONE
Franklin County
NONE
Grand Isle County
NONE
Lamoille County
NONE
Orleans County
NONE
Rutland County
Tinmouth Channel Wetland, Tinmouth, 12/13/01, WET-01-07
Washington County
NONE
Windham County
NONE