N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. tit. 17 § 720.4
Current through Register Vol. 46, No. 50, December 11, 2024
Section 720.4 - Vehicle safety requirements(a) School buses subject to SED or OGS rules. Vehicles subject to requirements of this Part shall satisfy the following requirements as specified below. Floor plan and model certification: school buses subject to the statutory and regulatory requirements of the New York State Education Department (SED) and Office of General Services (OGS) shall comply with the following: (1) Every manufacturer of a school bus body, as a pre-condition to obtaining approval of the Commissioner of Transportation, shall file on approved department forms the detailed specifications and design prints for each such body type.(2) Manufacturers shall designate each body by a unique model number. Each model approved shall display the NYSDOT approved model designation when delivered. Separate applications shall be submitted for any component change that affects gradeability, gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) or weight distribution. Body manufacturers shall submit a floor plan and model designation. Approved school bus body models which fail to meet certain standards as contained in this Part, may be issued a temporary certificate pending departmental review, provided, that:(i) at the initial inspection of any such school bus body, any deviation from this Part is not listed in the out of service criteria as an "A" item (see section 720.11 of this Part);(ii) the vehicle complies with all applicable FMVSS requirements as of the date of manufacture or modification;(iii) the manufacturer provide engineering and test data to the department, which clearly indicates the reason for not complying with the regulation; and(iv) the vehicle condition does not present an imminent safety hazard.(b) Body requirements. (1) General requirements (all vehicles). (i) The vehicle body shall be constructed to: (a) carry the authorized passenger load safely;(b) prevent crankcase fumes and other gases from entering the passenger section; and(c) be securely attached to the chassis frame. An inner lining of a substantial construction shall be provided on the ceiling and walls. All component parts of the body shall be permanently installed in aworkmanlike manner, and shall be free of any sharp or jagged edges, and protruding nails, screws and similar projections.(ii) All openings between chassis and passenger carrying compartment made due to alterations shall be sealed.(iii) The body shall be mounted on the chassis so that the overhang to the rear of the centerline of the rear axle shall not exceed 35 percent of the total length of the vehicle measured from the extreme front end to the extreme rear end, not including the front and rear bumpers.(iv) Pedals, levers, switches and gauges used by the driver shall be readily accessible and visible to the driver. An adjustable sunvisor shall be so mounted as to provide driver protection from glare through the windshield.(v) Steps. Any steps, including after-market steps, attached to vehicles shall be of solid surface construction.(vi) Fire resistance. The bus floor shall be covered with fire-resistant material commonly used as floor covering in public transportation equipment.(vii) Water resistance. All bus floor covering shall be permanently and completely bonded to the floor with a waterproof adhesive, and shall not crack, separate or expand and contract creating buckling when subjected to sudden and severe changes in temperatures. All seams shall be sealed with a waterproof sealer. Such seams shall be sealed in such a manner as to prevent tripping.(viii) Raised floors. Raised floor options on any size bus, when located behind the driver area, shall have a white strip and be labeled STEP UP viewed upon entering aisle and a label STEP DOWN viewed upon exiting aisle. Note:See subparagraph (c)(1)(i) of this section for minimum head room requirement in aisles.
(2) School buses (Type A, B, C, D). (i) Interior panels. Interior panels shall cover all bows, posts and braces and shall be securely attached to all side posts and roof bows. Panels shall be installed so that separations, if any, shall be toward the front. Edges of panels shall be constructed to minimize injury.(ii) Exterior panels. Exterior panels constituting roof and sides shall be securely attached to roof bows and side posts.(iii) Floor. Type B, C and D buses shall be equipped with a floor of all metal construction with leak proof joints and of strength and rigidity of 14-gauge steel. Cross members or sills shall be securely welded or riveted to this floor. If the floor is attached to the main body sill, below the bottom surface of the floor, bolts and nuts may be used. The floor in passageways and passenger area shall be as level as practicable except in the wheel housing, toe-board, stepwell and driver's platform area. Note:See subparagraph (ix) of this paragraph for Type A bus floors.
(iv) Aisles. The covering in the aisle and in the entrance steps shall be, durable, wear resistant and of a rib type or nonskid surface.(v) Entrance plate. If a metal nonskid plate is used at the entrance, it shall be attached to the floor of the bus, cover the width of the entrance steps, extend into the passenger compartment, but not beyond the left side of the aisle floor strip, and extend rearward to approximately the leg of the first seat on entrance door side of the body. When used, it shall be matched against the floor covering in such way that there will be no difference in height between this metal plate and the floor covering which would create a hazardous condition.(vi) Body metal. All metal used in construction of body of less than eight-gauge thickness, shall be mill-applied aluminum coated steel, aluminum, or equivalent. In determining equivalency, mill-applied zinc steel or aluminum coated steel shall be used as a basis for comparison. The results as provided by American Society for Testing Materials of the application of the 1,000 hours salt spray test will have to indicate at least the equivalent of results derived when mill-applied aluminum coated steel or mill-applied zinc steel is subjected to the test. In addition to the above requirements, all metal parts that will be painted shall be chemically cleaned, etched, zinc-phosphate coated, and zinc-chromate or epoxy-primed or conditioned by equivalent process. Final stage manufacturer must certify water test.(vii) Body skirting. Body skirting shall be made of aluminum, steel, composite(s) or similar rigid material(s) and shall be fastened at the location of each body post and post extensions. Bottom of skirting shall be angled or rolled so as to prevent the accumulation of snow, moisture, dirt, etc. while also providing greater strength. In lieu of angled or rolled bottom skirting, a third rub rail positioned at bottom of panels shall be accepted.(viii) Corners. Rear corner reinforcements of vehicle body between floor and window sill and between emergency door posts and the last side posts shall be provided. Such structural members shall be securely attached at each end and shall provide impact and penetration resistance equal to that provided by frame members in areas of sides of body.(ix) Insulation. Type A buses shall have a plywood floor of a quality grade and installed over the original metal floor with a minimum thickness of one half inch. Buses constructed in accordance with provisions outlined in subparagraph (i) of this paragraph shall be deemed in compliance with this section. If additional insulation is desired on Type B, C, D buses, exterior-type plywood of a quality grade (minimum one-half inch thick) shall be used.(c) Aisles. (1) General requirements (all vehicles except passenger type cars, school vehicles and mini vans). (i) Main aisle. The main aisle shall include the part of a vehicle used as a passageway, which extends from the entrance doors to the rearmost seats and/or doors. A minimum aisle height of 75 inches is required for Type C and D buses and 72 inches for Type A-1 and B buses. Note:See subparagraph (2)(i) of this subdivision for school bus aisle requirements.
(ii) Main aisle width. All vehicles shall provide an unobstructed main aisle of at least 10 inches wide from each entrance door to the rearmost passenger positions (i.e., seat[s] or wheelchair stations).(iii) Door access. The main aisle or passageway to any door shall be unobstructed and shall not be restricted to less than 10 inches wide from the floor to the ceiling.(iv) Stanchions. The aisle width between the stanchion poles, where required, shall not be less than 12 inches.(v) Passenger loads. The total weight of the passenger load plus the combined weight of the body and chassis shall not exceed the gross vehicle weight rating recommended by the chassis manufacturer. The percentage of standing passengers permitted shall not exceed the following limits: Aisle Width in Inches | Percent of Total Seated Capacity |
20+ | 75 |
19 > 20 | 70 |
18 > 19 | 65 |
17 > 18 | 60 |
16 > 17 | 55 |
15 > 16 | 50 |
14 >15 | 40 |
(vi) Standing passengers shall not be carried in a bus with a main aisle less than 14 inches wide and 75 inches high, except as noted below for school buses. Passengers shall not be permitted to stand forward of the white marking or turnstile, as may be applicable, while the bus is in motion.(2) School buses (Type A, B, C, D). (i) Main aisle. The main aisle shall be not less than 12 inches wide and 72 inches high, except Type A-ll school buses which shall have a minimum main aisle width of 10 inches and may have a height other than 72 inches.(ii) Width. The main aisle shall be a minimum of 12 inches in width from floor to the top of the seat cushion. Such aisle shall gradually increase to a minimum width of 14 inches from 30 inches above the floor to the ceiling.(iii) Flip seat. A flip seat in the unoccupied (up) position shall not obstruct the 30 cm (11.8 inches) minimum aisle to any side emergency door required by FMVSS.(3) Other vehicle types. (i) Multi-passenger side doors. Vehicles with two or more doors on the passenger side may have a folding type seat adjacent to the rear door, provided such seat can be folded easily and quickly to provide access from the door to the rear seat at least 10 inches wide. Passenger restraint systems shall not constitute a obstruction when determining the 10-inch access.(d) Defrosters. (1) Defrosting and defogging equipment shall be provided in accordance with Federal and/or State requirements to afford adequate driving vision.(2) All such equipment shall be maintained in good operating condition and shall be protected to prevent injury.(e) Doors. (1) General requirements (all vehicles). (i) All doors, rear tailgates and rear transom windows shall be designed to close securely.(ii) Vertical clearance. Vehicle doors may be sedan, sliding, folding, accordion, pivot, or split type, unless specifically required or prohibited by this section. All doors shall provide a vertical opening clearance of at least 72 inches, except for sedan or sliding type doors, which shall be at least 50 inches. Vehicles equipped with split or folding type doors shall have the vertical closing edges equipped with flexible material to protect passengers.(iii) Horizontal clearance. All door(s) shall have an horizontal open clearance of 24 inches from near top to the bottom. Door controls shall not restrict opening to less than 22 inches.(iv) Entrance door area. The door shall fully enclose the stepwell or entrance area and be equipped with suitable weather stripping to prevent leaks. All entrance doors shall be designed to provide the driver with an unobstructed view while the vehicle is in motion.(v) For hire vehicles. Every motor vehicle operated for hire upon the public highways of New York State shall be equipped with handles or other devices that permit the door(s) to the passenger compartment to be readily opened from the interior of the vehicle.(vi) Power assisted. Every power assisted door shall have an easily accessible emergency release device located in the passenger entrance/exit area, designed to allow door operation regardless of all other controls. This device shall be identified and instructions for its use shall be posted thereon or adjacent thereto. The device shall be of a positive stop design. The device must allow the door closing mechanism to release with the absence of electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic power.(vii) Door controls. The entrance doors and door controls shall be designed and constructed so as to prevent injury and accidental opening of doors. The door controls shall be mounted in a position readily accessible to the driver.(viii) Secondary door locking systems. All non-coach type vehicles equipped with a secondary door locking device(s) that does not function with a door opening/closing mechanism shall incorporate an interlocking system that will prevent the propulsion unit from being started when a door is locked. An audible or visible warning device shall be provided to alert the driver if such door is locked when the vehicle propulsion unit is active.(ix) Exit doors. Vehicles equipped with a separate exit door used to discharge passengers at points between termini shall be equipped with the following: (a) If equipped with push-type exit doors, a sensitized edges shall not be required provided the door control mechanism is designed to delay release of the brake interlock until after the doors are fully and completely closed; prevents the doors from being unlocked by driver's door control while pressure is applied on the inside of the doors; locks the doors closed mechanically in case of electric power failure; and illuminates a light located above the door which will indicate that the door is operable.(b) Every bus equipped with a separate exit door and operated in certificated service, which discharges passengers at points between termini, shall be equipped with an audible signal device to enable passengers to signal the driver. A separate passenger signal device shall be located adjacent to an exit door used for general exit purposes unless all passengers are required to leave by this door, or it is constructed to open simultaneously with the entrance door, or the bus is equipped with a treadle pad to automatically open the exit door.(c) The words EXIT DOOR shall be conspicuously lettered on the interior of the door or immediately adjacent thereto, in letters at least one inch high.(d) An interlocking device shall be provided that prevents the bus from moving when the exit(s) door is open. The switch controlling such interlocking device shall not be accessible from the driver's position.(e) An easily accessible emergency opening device located adjacent to the exit door, designed to operate the door regardless of all other controls. This device shall be identified and instructions for its use shall be posted on or adjacent thereto. The operation of this device shall be interlocked so as to actuate the brakes to effect a smooth stop at a rate of deceleration of 75 feet per second per second from a speed of 20 miles per hour.(f) The pliant edges of a folding-type exit door shall be sensitized so as to actuate reverse action of the door, and such edges shall be connected to a warning signal.(2) School buses (Type A, B, C, D). (i) All school bus entrance/exit door(s) shall be equipped with an opening device controlled by the driver.(ii) Padding. All doors shall be equipped with padding at the interior top edge of each door opening. Padding shall be at least three inches wide and one inch thick and extend the full width of door opening.(iii) Door location. Entrance/exit door shall be located on the right side of the vehicle, opposite and within direct view of the driver. Exception: vehicles operated within the five boroughs of New York City may be equipped with a left side entrance/exit door provided such door meets the following:(a) it is designed and constructed like all other school bus doors;(b) a mirror system shall be provided so as to allow the driver full interior view of the entrance/exit step and door; and(c) it is located in the section immediately behind the driver.(iv) Type B, C, D buses shall be equipped with lower, as well as, upper door panels of approved safety glass. The bottom of each lower glass panel shall not be more than approximately 10 inches from the top surface of the bottom step. The top of each upper glass panel shall not be more than approximately six inches from the top of the door. Type A buses shall have an upper panel (window) of 350 square inches.(v) Power assisted. All school buses equipped with power assisted door(s) shall have an emergency release device, located in the passenger entrance/exit area that is easily accessible and designed to allow door operation regardless of all other controls. This device shall be identified and instructions for its use shall be posted thereon or adjacent thereto. The device shall be of a positive stop design. The device must allow the door closing mechanism to release with the absence of electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic power. All school buses manufactured after January 1, 2001, equipped with power assisted door(s) shall have an emergency release device located in the passenger entrance/exit area that is easily accessible to students of all ages.(3) Other vehicle types. Under 10,000 lbs. GVWR. Standard production model vehicles with a GVWR under 10,000 lbs. with one or more sliding entrance/exit door/s shall be equipped with a power door lock capable of manual release, and audible or visible signal to indicate to the driver when the door is ajar.(f) Grab handle or rail. (1) School buses (Type A, B, C, D). (i) A suitable grab handle or rail shall be provided at the stepwell, securely mounted inside the body. The grab handle lower end shall be as close as practical to the bottom step.(ii) Grab handles shall be stainless steel clad or metal covered with bonded plastic or chrome. In addition, grab handle shall be constructed and installed to eliminate the possibility of passengers clothing or personal items becoming lodged or caught upon exiting the vehicle. Note:All grab handles or rails must pass the nut/drawstring test to be in compliance with this requirement.
(g) Guardrails. (1) General requirements (all vehicles equipped with a multiple step stairwell). All vehicles must either adhere to the requirements contained in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 222 on the subject of barriers or comply with subparagraph (i) or (ii) of this paragraph. (i) Stairwell guardrail. A guardrail, securely fastened to the side of the vehicle, with a panel approximately 30 inches above the floor, extending the approximate width of the seat(s) immediately to the rear of such panel and supported by a vertical stanchion securely fastened to floor and ceiling, shall be provided between the first seat(s) and the stairwell. The panel may extend to not more than approximately one-half inch above the floor and there shall be a minimum distance of nine inches between the front edge of the front seat(s) and the guardrail and panel.(ii) Stairwell barrier. A panel approximately 30 inches above the floor, extending the approximate width of the seat(s) immediately to the rear of such panel and securely fastened to the floor, shall be provided between the first seat(s) and the stairwell. The panel may extend to not more than approximately one-half inch above the floor and there shall be a minimum distance of nine inches between the front edge of the front seat(s) and the panel.(2) School buses (Type A, B, C, D). Padding. Guardrail and vertical stanchion shall be padded with energy-absorbing material and shall be securely fastened to floor and ceiling. Panel backs (facing the passenger compartment) shall be padded with energy-absorbing material.(h) Glazing and window construction. (1) General requirements (all vehicles). (i) DMV approved. All glazing shall be properly mounted and be of a type approved by the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) and mounted so its identification mark is legible when required.(ii) Tinting. Tinted glazing may be installed in all doors, windows, and windshields consistent with Federal, State and local regulations.(iii) Windshield. The windshield shall be so designed and constructed to reduce glare, be of sufficient size and installed to permit the driver to see the highway clearly, with a minimum of obstruction. Windshields may have a horizontal gradient band.(iv) Bars. Bars on the windows of a passenger carrying motor vehicle are prohibited.(2) School buses (Type A, B, C, D). (i) Window locations. A window shall be provided in each body section of the passenger compartment, except for the rearmost section, where it will be optional to provide any windows.(ii) Split sash windows. All side windows, except at the immediate left of the driver, stationary windows, door and rear sections shall be split sash, except for those which provide emergency exits. The lower section shall be stationary and sealed.(iii) Window opening. The top sections of all split sash side windows shall raise and lower in vertical grooves to provide an unobstructed opening of not more than five inches, and be controlled by a manually operated mechanism at either side of the sash.(iv) Driver window. The window at the immediate left of the driver may be installed to lower the horizontal window drop sill level or may be divided vertically with the front and back sections sliding in grooves.(i) Heaters. (1) General requirements (all vehicles). (i) Temperature. Heater(s) shall be provided capable of maintaining an inside temperature of at least 50° F when the outside air is at the average minimum January temperature for that area, as established by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Weather Service.(ii) Exhaust gas. Heating systems using propulsion system exhaust gas to heat air carried within the passenger section or exhaust gas passing through conductors within the passenger section are prohibited.(iii) FMVSS. Heating devices using gasoline, or other fuel, must have an independent testing laboratory certification that the device meets all applicable FMVSS for the type of vehicle in which the device is stored. Proper certifications by Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc., as evidenced by displaying the UL listed trademark, shall be deemed to comply with the foregoing requirement. The original laboratory certification and report must be in English. When the heating device is installed as original equipment by the vehicle manufacturer, such manufacturer is certifying that the vehicle and all components meet FMVSS at the date of manufacture. Such standards are contained in 49 CFR section 393.77.(iv) Fuel line. The fuel line connection shall be located outside of the passenger section.(v) Air intake. Any air intake for a heater or ventilation system shall be installed so as to minimize the intrusion of exhaust into the passenger compartment. Heaters and hot water lines installed within the passenger section shall be shielded, where necessary, to prevent injury to the driver and passenger in the event any part thereof is defective.(vi) Intake grille. Only under-seat heaters placed forward of the rear axle may draw their air from the outside of the vehicle through an intake grille located in or immediately adjacent to the body belt line. Front heater shall take the outside air from an intake grille located at the side of a cowl or driver's panel or through the floor of vehicles with the propulsion source unit located at the rear. There shall not be more than one connection inside the body between the firewall and the first heater other than the connection at the heater.(vii) Heater pipes and hoses. Heater pipes or hoses inside the body shall be covered or shielded. All pipes or hoses shall be continuous between engine and heaters, and between heaters, except where pipes or hoses are required to go over the wheel housing, where only two connections are permitted. Connections shall be made in such a manner as to prevent separation.(j) Horn. One or more horns shall be provided which conform to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard J377.(k) School bus insulation (Type A, B, C, D). School buses shall have insulation material of a fire-resistant nature placed between the panels from the floor to the top of the roof. The insulating material shall be thermo type and permanently sealed in place. The insides of all exterior and interior panels shall be coated with asphalt base, rubber base or other approved material, in order to seal, deaden sound, insulate and prevent oxidation.(l) Lamps, signals and reflectors. (1) General requirements (all vehicles). (i) New York State Vehicle and Traffic Law. All lamps, signals and reflectors shall conform with and be installed as required by section 375 of the New York State Vehicle and Traffic Law and this Part.(ii) Glare. All lights shall be designed or shaded so as to minimize reflection and glare on the windshield.(iii) Interior lights. Interior lights shall be provided on each vehicle and must operate independently of all other lights. Such lights may be on a separate switch or switches and shall be sufficient in number and power to give suitable and evenly distributed illumination throughout the passenger compartment. The stepwell shall also be adequately illuminated.(2) School vehicles with a capacity of eight or more passengers. (i) Red signal lamps. Every vehicle having a seating capacity of eight or more passengers, when used exclusively to transport pupils, teachers and other persons acting in a supervisory capacity to and from school or school activities, or to transport children, instructors or other persons acting in a supervisory capacity to and from child care centers maintained for migrant farm and food processing laborers or to transport children, instructors or other persons acting in a supervisory capacity to and from camp or camp activities, or to transport children, instructors or other persons acting in a supervisory capacity to and from religious service or instruction, shall be equipped as follows: There shall be colored flashing signal lamps conforming to regulations prescribed by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles on the front and on the rear thereof, including at least one flashing red signal lamp on the front thereof and at least one flashing red signal lamp on the rear thereof.(3) School buses (Type A, B, C, D). (i) Red signal and amber lamps. The body shall be equipped with system of four red signal lamps designed to conform with SAE Standard J887 "School Bus Red Signal Lamps" and four amber signal lamps designed to conform to the same standard except for color. Both red and amber lamps shall be installed as follows:(a) Each amber signal lamp shall be located near each red signal lamp at the same level, but closer to the vertical centerline of bus.(b) The system shall be wired so that the amber signal lamps are activated manually and, when activated, are automatically deactivated when the red lamps are activated.(c) Red lamps are activated when the entrance door is opened and deactivated when the entrance door is closed.(d) These lights shall have a separate master switch and pilot lamp within reach and view of the driver while in a seated, and belted position.(ii) Tail lights. All school buses manufactured after January 1, 2000 shall be equipped with tail lights designed to prevent hitching to or riding thereon. Note:Vehicles which do not receive or discharge passengers on or along the public highways may be exempt from the requirements of this subdivision, provided that the operator of such vehicle certifies to the department that the vehicle does not receive or discharge passengers on or along any public highway. Such certification shall be provided to and approved by a duly authorized department representative.
(m) Mirrors. (1) General requirements (all vehicles). (i) All mirrors shall be easily adjustable, but shall be rigidly braced so as to prevent movement from vibration. No mirror shall be obscured by any component or vehicle structure.(ii) Interior mirror. At least one interior rear view mirror shall be provided to afford the driver a clear view of the interior of the vehicle and shall be protected so as to be free of sharp corners and edges.(iii) Left exterior mirror. An exterior rear view mirror shall be provided on the left side and so adjusted that the driver shall have a clear and full view of the road and condition of traffic to the rear.(iv) Right exterior mirror. Every bus shall be equipped with a mirror attached to the right side and so adjusted that the driver thereof shall have a clear and full view of the road and condition of traffic to the rear.(2) School buses (Type A, B, C, D). Every school bus shall be equipped and maintained with mirrors meeting the applicable requirements of FMVSS section 111, as of the date of manufacture. The original manufacturer may provide alternative mirror types to meet these standards. Specifically: (i) Interior mirror. Buses shall be equipped with an interior mirror made of safety glass with frame. Interior mirrors requiring replacement shall comply with this subdivision. All Type A buses shall have an interior mirror of approximately 6" x 16", while Types B, C, and D buses shall have an interior mirror of approximately 6" x 30".(ii) Left front view mirror. Every school bus with a seating capacity of 12 passengers or more with its engine located ahead of the driver and all school buses manufactured after December 31, 1993 shall be equipped with a mirror, convex in shape, at least eight inches reflective surface in diameter, firmly mounted at hood, windshield or fender top height in front of the bus. It shall be located on the left side of the bus in such manner that the seated driver may observe through its use the road from the front bumper forward to the point where direct observation is possible.(iii) Right front view mirror. Every school bus with a seating capacity of 12 passengers or more with its engine located ahead of the driver and all school buses manufactured after December 31, 1993 shall be equipped with a mirror, convex in shape, at least eight inches reflective surface in diameter, firmly mounted at hood, windshield or fender top height in front of the bus. The mirror shall provide a clear and full view of right side of bus, including the front of the right front wheel and an area at least six feet from the right side of the bus from in front of the right front door to the rear of the bus.(n) Paint and other markings on school buses. (1) National school bus chrome. Motor vehicles having a seating capacity of eight or more passengers and used primarlly to transport pupils or pupils and teachers to and from school shall be the color known pursuant to industry standards as "national school bus chrome" or "school bus yellow."(i) Roof. The area of the vehicle commonly referred to as the "roof" may be painted white in order to reduce the inside temperature of the vehicle.(ii) Hood. The hood may be painted lusterless black, and trim such as rub-rails may be painted with a contrasting color.(iii) Chrome. Chrome grills and trim are permitted.(iv) Fenders. All school buses shall be equipped with fenders, the color of national school bus chrome or school bus yellow. School buses with black, blue or green fenders prior to January 1, 1999 may continue to operate in school service until December 31, 2004, however, effective January 1, 2005, such buses shall only be allowed to operate in school service with fenders the color of national school bus chrome or school bus yellow.(v) Bumpers. All school buses shall be equipped with bumpers, the color of black, national school bus chrome or school bus yellow. School buses with blue or green bumpers prior to January 1, 1999 may continue to operate in school service until December 31, 2004, however, effective January 1, 2005, such buses shall only be allowed to operate in school service with bumpers the color of black, national school bus chrome or school bus yellow. Note:Vehicles which do not receive or discharge passengers on or along the public highways may be exempt from the requirements of paragraph (1) of this subdivision, provided that the operator of such vehicle certifies to the department that the vehicle does not receive or discharge passengers on or along any public highway. Such certification shall be provided to and approved by a duly authorized department representative.
(2) Reflective material. Every school bus may have reflective material installed thereon. Reflective material, if used, shall be automotive engineering grade or better, meeting initial reflectance values in FHWA FP-85 and retaining at least 50 percent of those values for a minimum of six years. Reflective materials and markings, if used, shall include any or all of the following:(i) Bumpers. Front and/or rear bumpers shall be marked diagonally 45 degrees down to centerline of pavement with two-inch wide strips of reflective national school bus chrome material. There will be a two-inch wide strip (non-reflective) between each strip of reflective material.(ii) Rear. The rear of vehicle body shall be marked with a strip of reflective national school bus chrome material no greater than two inches in width to be applied to the back of the vehicle, extending from the left lower corner of the school bus illuminated sign, across to the left side of the vehicle, then vertically down to the top of the bumper, across the vehicle on a line immediately above the bumper to the right side, then vertically up to a point even with the strip placement on the left side, and concluding with a horizontal strip terminating at the right lower corner of the school bus sign.(iii) Sides. The sides shall be marked with reflecting national school bus chrome material at least six inches but not more than 12 inches in width, extending the length of the vehicle body and located (vertically) as close as practicable to the belt line. The width of the material may be reduced to no less than two inches if the marking material is a highly reflective sheeting that consists of prismatic lenses formed in a durable transparent resin which is certified by the manufacturer as meeting or exceeding the following standards: The initial coefficients of retroreflection of new sheeting shall not be less than the minimum values specified in Table 1. Measurements are made in accordance with ASTM E 810-94 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting except that values shall be an average of both 0<<phi>> and 90<<phi>> orientation for entrance angles of -4<< phi>> and 30<<phi>>. At all entrance angles, values shall be measured at observation angles + of 0.2<<phi>> and 0.5<<phi>>. The 90<<phi>> orientation is defined such that the length source is rotated in the same directions the sheeting would be applied to the vehicle surface.(o) Rub rails on school buses. (1) Seat level. A rub rail shall be located on both sides and the rear of the bus, approximately at seat level, beginning at the rearward side of the entrance door post and extending completely around the bus body to a point at the front left body post, located near the driver's position. Note:Rub rails are not required at the wheel housing(s), emergency door(s) or access door(s)/grill(s).
(2) Floor level. A second rub rail located approximately at floor level, shall cover the same longitudinal area as the first rub rail and extend to the right and left rear corner posts. Note:A floor level rub rail is not required on the rear portion of the bus if a rear bumper is located approximately at floor level. Rub rails are not required at the wheel housing(s), emergency door(s) or access door(s)/grill(s).
(3) Third rub rail. A third rub rail also may be installed at the bottom of the panels in lieu of rolled/angled bottom skirting.(4) Construction. All rub rails shall be constructed and installed as follows: (i) of at least 16-gauge steel, at least four inches in width, and constructed in a corrugated or ribbed manner. (Note: Pressed in, snap-on or combination panel and rub rails do not satisfy this requirement.);(ii) applied to the outside body or outside body posts and attached twice at each body post and at all other upright structural members. (Note: For Type A-ll buses using chassis manufacturer body, or for type A-l, B, C, and D buses using rear engine compartment, rub rails need not extend around rear corners); and(iii) constructed and affixed as to guard against riders being able to hold onto it.(p) Seating and restraints. (1) General requirements (all vehicles). (i) Arrangement. All seats shall be forward facing unless otherwise noted in this Part.(ii) Construction. All seats shall be of substantial construction in conformance with FMVSS sections 571.207 and. 222, and shall be securely fastened to the floor, or floor and side-wall. Seat attachments must comply with engineering standards of the manufacturers of the seat and the vehicle body.(iii) Alternate seating configuration. Alteration or redesign of the seating arrangement shall comply with all requirements of this Part, including but not limited to sections regarding aisles, maximum gross vehicle weight rating, seat spacing, seat restraint support, and barriers. For SED/OGS school buses only, such proposals must be submitted to the department for approval prior to alteration.(iv) Seat dimensions. All seat cushions except where noted shall be at least 21/2 inches in design thickness, and all seat backs shall have a minimum design thickness of one inch. Depth shall be a minimum of 15 inches at the center of each seated position. There shall be no space between the seat cushion and seat back. Measurement Note: On vehicles manufactured after January 1, 2000, seat cushion depth and knee room space shall be measured by department inspectors at three points, the center and approximately 10 inches inward from each end of seat cushion. This shall be measured with a 24-inch (25 inches for non-school vehicles) long rigid device placed parallel to the floor, and contacting the highest point of the seat cushion or slightly above a specially designed lower lumbar support. In taking the measurement, the compression of a seat-back cover up to, but not compressing the seat padding, will be allowed.
(v) Ceiling height. Minimum clearance between the top of seat cushions adjacent to the seat back and vehicle body interior overhead structure shall be 35 inches. Any body construction or installed device within 12 inches behind the contact point of the ceiling measurement must have at least two inches of padding and cover combined. Ambulettes equipped with longitudinal seats may measure approximately three inches out from the seat junction (seat back and cushion area) to the ceiling to determine the 35-inch headroom clearance. Measurement Note: Inspector measurement shall be taken at two points about six inches inward from each end of the seat cushion, in a straight line perpendicular to the floor, to the overhead structure.
(vi) Seating capacity. The adult seating capacity of every motor vehicle, exclusive of the driver, shall be at least 16 inches per passenger for seats accommodating adults. The child seating capacity of every motor vehicle shall be not less than 13 inches for each child passenger. The total weight of all the passengers and driver, which shall be figured at 120 lbs. per child and 150 lbs. per adult and driver, shall not exceed the gross vehicle weight rating for the motor vehicle.(vii) Driver's seat. If separate from a passenger seat, the driver's seat shall be substantially constructed to support the drivers weight and be solidly fastened to the floor or sub-floor so as to not cause driver to lose control of the vehicle. A minimum of a three inch thick cushion and a two inch thick back padding and cover shall be provided. A minimum forward to rearward adjustment of 4 inches shall be provided with functional stops. Adjustment must provide a minimum of 13 inches between the closest point of the outer circumference of the steering wheel and the front of the seat back, measured parallel to the floor and without compression of the padding. The horizontal centerline of the cushion shall be aligned with the steering column to provide vision alignment and maximum manipulation of the steering wheel. The relationship of the seat to equipment and driver's controls shall be such that operation is convenient, safe, and comfortable when driver is seat belted. The seat height may be adjustable to such an extent that the seated driver has a unobstructed view of the highway. Pneumatic/electrically adjustable seats must comply with the minimum dimensions of this section.(viii) Driver restraints (seat belts). The driver's seat shall be equipped in accordance with FMVSS and the restraint system shall be provided in accordance with the DMV regulations. Vehicles manufactured after January 1, 1990 shall be equipped with a locking retractor seat belt for the driver's seat. Each belt section shall be booted to keep the buckle and release mechanism off the floor and within reach of the driver. Belt shall be anchored in such a manner or guided at the seat frame so as to prevent the driver from sliding sideways under the belt.(ix) Passenger restraints (seat belts). Passenger restraints shall be provided in accordance with FMVSS and New York State law.(x) Child safety seats. Child restraint systems used for the transportation of children shall conform to FMVSS sections 571.213 and .222.(xi) High back seats. Vehicles used in school transportation with a seating capacity of more than 11 passengers (adult measurement), exclusive of the driver, shall be equipped with padded seat backs 28 inches high.(2) School buses (Type A, B, C, D). (i) Passenger restraints (seat belts). Passenger restraints shall be provided for every seated passenger in every bus manufactured after July 1, 1987, and shall be in compliance with the FMVSS section 571.222. Vehicles with a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less shall comply with DMV regulations. The maximum seated capacity for students shall be 84 passengers (3 x3 person seating).(ii) Restraining barrier. Each bus shall be equipped with a restraining barrier forward of any designated seating position that does not have the rear surface of another school bus passenger seat within 27 inches from the frontal face of the seat back, measured with a rigid device held parallel to the floor, without compressing the respective padding(s). The barrier shall be as wide as the seat cushion of the seat it protects and shall provide a minimum of 24 inches for knee and cushion room. This shall be measured with a rigid device placed parallel to the floor, and contacting the highest point of the seat cushion or slightly above a specially designed lower lumbar support, without compressing the respective padding(s).(iii) Construction. All seat frames shall be securely bolted at the aisle end to the floor and at the wall end to an all steel continuous longitudinal member or both ends to the floor. The longitudinal member shall have a minimum thickness of 14-gauge steel and shall be securely attached to the side body posts. Each seat foot shall be attached to the floor with at least two fasteners, which shall be bolts and nuts wherever possible, and to the longitudinal member with at least two bolts and nuts. Any brackets or attachments shall be welded either to the seat frame or to the longitudinal member. The horizontal leg of the longitudinal member shall not exceed 11/2 inches. Each bolt extending below the floor shall be equipped with a washer or plate underneath the floor with a minimum thickness of 14-gauge steel not less than two inches square or equivalent and a nut locking device. Alternatively, the seat may be attached to the floor with a permanently mounted track or other similar type system that is designed and manufactured to provide equal or better attachment than above stated. Such system shall be installed as tested by original manufacturer.(iv) Cushions. Seat cushions for pupils and drivers shall be constructed with springs, foam rubber, polyurethane foam, or other equivalent materials. If springs are used, there shall be at least 21 springs per/cushion. Padding used to cover springs shall be cotton, rubberized hair, foam rubber or other equivalent material. If cotton or similar material is used, padding for cushions shall be at least two inches thick, except for reasonable distance from edge of cushion to allow for curve of edges. If foam rubber or polyurethane is used without springs, the cushion thickness shall be approximately five inches and it shall be depressed not more than 80 percent when a distributed weight of 345 pounds is applied to it. If cotton or similar materials, rubberized hair, foam rubber, or polyurethane foam is used in seat back rests, it shall be approximately two inches thick and shall not be depressed more than 80 percent when distributed weight of 300 pounds is applied to it. (a) Seat covering shall be artificial leather equal to coated fabrics, 42-ounce finished weight, reinforced backing of 1.06 broken twill or material having equivalent strength and similar characteristics. Padding and covering on all seats shall be of material that will not flash or explode upon contact with spark or open fire.(b) The backs of all seats of similar size shall be approximately the same width (at the top) and height (from the floor) and shall slant at the same angle with the floor.(c) Seat cushion retention systems shall be capable of withstanding a vertical static load at least equal to five times the weight of the cushions, as well as the forward or rearward static load test at least equal to 20 times the weight of the cushions.(v) Seat dimensions. Cushions shall be a minimum of 14 inches in depth, and may have a vertical plane or slope rearward, but not slope forward. Tops of backrests shall be a minimum of 33 inches above floor level.(vi) Seat backs. School buses with a seating capacity of more than 11 passengers, exclusive of the driver, shall be equipped with padded seat backs 28 inches high, unless an economic hardship waiver for a pre-1976 school bus is granted from the State Education Department. The top side of the seat frame and the back on each seat (except rearmost seats) shall be padded with energy-absorbing material. The padding shall extend the entire length of the seat frame from the grab handles, if any, on aisle side to a corresponding location on the wall side.(3) Non-school buses (Type A, B, C, D). (i) Arrangement. In buses operated in certificated service, the seats may be rear, longitudinal, diagonal or forward facing.(ii) Cushions. All passenger seats shall be constructed in a manor that would not flash or explode on contact with a spark or open flame. Solid surface construction of seat material and required guardrails may be used provided that such material shall not crack, wilt or deteriorate under normal use.(4) Ambulettes. Seats for the disabled. When transporting the disabled, seats and wheelchairs may be rear, longitudinal, diagonal or forward-facing. Longitudinal or diagonal facing seats must have suitable arm rests or other guard at each seat. Flip-up cushion type seats may be used to provide alternate seating in place of unused wheelchair space. Vehicles equipped with longitudinal seats must provide an aisle width of at least 10 inches in addition to a knee room space of at least five inches in front of each longitudinal seat. Refer to section 720.8 of this Part for wheelchair related requirements.(5) Other types. Dual driver controls. Passengers shall not be carried in the front seat of a motor vehicle equipped with dual driver controls unless such controls are disconnected and floor pedals removed.(q) Speedometer. Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a speedometer mounted in a position clearly visible to the driver and designed to be easily maintained in a good operating condition. The speedometer shall indicate vehicle speed in miles per hour and shall be illuminated.(r) Stepwell. (1) General requirements (all vehicles with a stepwell).(i) Safety treads. All Steps shall have safety treads with slip-resistance qualities.(ii) Step height. The step on buses shall not be more than 18 inches nor less than 10 inches from the ground. Measurement shall be taken on a flat surface with tires fully inflated and bus unloaded.(iii) Light. A stepwell with more than one step, shall be equipped with a stepwell light(s), wired through a switch which will cause the light(s) to operate when opening the door.(iv) Stepwell reflectors. Pursuant to the Vehicle and Traffic Law, when a step has been added to a vehicle to aid passengers in boarding or alighting from the vehicle that causes the vehicle to become 80 inches or more in width, such vehicle need not be equipped with front or rear identification lamps or clearance lamps, provided that: (a) the vehicle does not exceed 84 inches in width;(b) attached to the step and facing oncoming traffic is a clear, white or colorless class A reflex reflector of at least three square inches in size; and(c) attached to the step and facing following traffic is an amber class A reflex reflector of at least three square inches in size.(2) School buses (type A-1, B, C, D). Multiple steps. Buses shall have two-step or three-step stepwell. Step risers shall be of approximately equal height. Step treads shall be approximately 16 inches wide. Step tread depth shall be adequate to ensure safe means of ingress and egress. The step on buses shall not be more than 18 inches from the ground nor less than 10 inches.(s) Tool compartment. Any tool compartment shall be permanently fastened and equipped with a cover that will not accidentally open and shall not interfere with passenger safety.(t) Undercoating for school buses. Vehicles shall have the underside of the body, fenders and wheel housings (including the floor members and side panels below the floor level, except as may be outlined in the applicable chassis manufacturer's vehicle manual) undercoated with a fire- resistant undercoating material, applied to prevent oxidation. All body and firewall insulation shall be made of a fire-resistant material.(u) Ventilation. The vehicle body shall be equipped with a suitably controlled ventilating system capable of distributing an adequate supply of fresh air throughout the passenger section under normal operating conditions without the opening of windows except in extremely warm weather.(v) Wheel housings. General requirements (all vehicles). The wheel housing opening shall allow for easy tire removal and service as well as the installation of tire chains.(w) Windshield wipers and washer. (1) Two positive-action variable-speed windshield wipers (air or electric type) shall be provided with control(s) easily accessible to the driver while in normal seated belted position. Wiper arms and blades shall be of sufficient length to clean the windshield properly.(2) A windshield washer shall be provided that will effectively spray the area covered by both windshield wipers.(x) Chassis of buses subject to SED and OGS rules. School buses subject to statutory and regulatory requirements of the New York State Education Department and Office of General Services requirements with capacity to carry more than 10 persons, and/or equipped with a wheelchair lift or other special mobility needs apparatus shall comply with the following: (1) Chassis specifications. All chassis shall provide proper weight, wheelbase, power, frame length and gross load capacity to conform to specific needs as shown in this section. Chassis specifications shall be filed with the department. Chassis delivered as school bus chassis shall meet all chassis requirements at the time of delivery for body mounting.(2) Every manufacturer of a school bus chassis, as a pre-condition to obtaining approval by the department, shall file on approved department forms the detailed specifications for each such chassis. Manufacturers shall designate each chassis by a unique model number. Each model approved shall display the department approved model designation when delivered. Separate applications shall be submitted for any component change that affects grade ability, GVWR or weight distribution. Body manufacturers shall submit a floor plan and model designation. Approved school bus chassis which fail to meet the standards contained in this Part may be issued a temporary certificate pending departmental review, provided, that: (i) at the initial inspection of any such school bus chassis, any deviation from this Part is not listed in the out of service criteria as an "A" item (see section 720.11 of this Part);(ii) the vehicle complies with all applicable FMVSS requirements as of the date of manufacture or modification;(iii) the manufacturer provide engineering and test data to the department, which clearly indicates the reason for not complying with the regulation; and(iv) the vehicle condition does not present an imminent safety hazard.(y) Chassis construction. (1) General requirements (all vehicles). (i) FMVSS. All chassis shall meet the applicable FMVSS as of date of manufacture. Compliance with such standards shall be certified by the manufacturer by attachment of a plate or decal. The manufacturer's GVWR that is not to be exceeded shall be listed on such plate or decal. As necessary, the wet curb weight of the vehicle shall be provided by the final stage manufacturer. (a) Stretch limousines. (i) Vehicle that are subject to these safety requirements and that meet the definition of an altered vehicle commonly referred to as a "stretch limousine" may not be operated unless all FMVSS labels, markings and placards required at the time of manufacture are present and conform with the current state of the vehicle.(b) Vans in School Service. (i) Vehicles that are subject to these safety requirements that meet the definition of a school vehicle and that have a seating capacity of more than 10 passengers including the driver may not be operated unless the vehicle was manufactured in accordance with the FMVSS of a school bus.(2) School buses (Type A, B, C, D). (i) Power or grade ability. The gross vehicle weight of any vehicle manufactured in 1977 or later shall not exceed 185 pounds percertified net published horsepower of the engine at the manufacturer's recommended maximum governed revolutions per minute.(ii) Shock absorbers. At each wheel location, the chassis shall be equipped with front and rear double acting shock absorbers that are compatible with the manufacturer's rated axle capacity.(iii) Springs. Springs or suspension assemblies the chassis manufacturer shall be of ample resiliency under all load conditions and of adequate strength to sustain loaded vehicle without evidence of being overloaded. (a) Leaf-type springs. If used, the front spring stationary eyes shall be protected by a full wrapper leaf in addition to the main leaf.(b) Rear springs. If used, they shall be of the progressive or variable rate type.(iv) Transmission. The input torque capacity of manual or automatic transmissions shall at least equal the maximum net torque developed by the engine.(v) Manual transmission. Each gear shall be synchromesh, except for first and reverse gears.(z) Brakes. (1) General requirements (all vehicles). (i) Dual brakes. Every vehicle shall be equipped with brakes adequate to control the movement of and to stop and hold such vehicle. Vehicles with other then a duel brake system, which were not subject to 49 CFR 571.105 or 571.121, shall be equipped with two separate means of brake application: service brakes and an emergency brake. These two separate means of applying the brakes, if connected in any way, shall be so constructed that failure of any one part of the operating mechanism shall not leave the vehicle without operating brakes. The service brakes and the emergency brake shall be designed to be easily maintained in an efficient operating condition and be capable of stopping and holding a vehicle as specified in this section. Vehicles subject to the requirements of 49 CFR 571.105 or 571.121 shall be maintained in a manner that fully complies with said section(s). For the purposes of this Part, brake measurements stated in rates of feet per second per second shall be measured with a device known as a decelerometer. No vehicle shall be operated in the State with any portion of the service or emergency brake system or warning devices not functioning as designed.
(ii) Service brakes. Service brakes shall operate on all wheels and shall be capable of producing a smooth stop within a 12 foot road lane. Vehicles with a GVWR of 10,000 lbs. or less shall be capable of producing a rate of deceleration of 25 feet per second-per second at 20 miles per hour speed. Vehicles with a GVWR of 10,001 lbs. or more shall have power brakes capable of producing a rate of deceleration of 22.2 feet per second-per second at 20 miles per hour speed. The service brake system shall consist of at least two subsystems actuated by a single control designed so that a leakage type failure of a pressure component in a single subsystem (except structural failure of a housing that is common to two or more subsystems) shall not impair the operation of any other subsystem.(iii) Brake reservoir. Every bus equipped with air brakes, hydraulic power system with accumulator, vacuum power brakes or power-operated doors shall have a reservoir of sufficient capacity to furnish power for at least two operations of the brakes and two operations of the doors or other power-operated devices after the engine has stopped.(iv) Pressure gauge. Every bus equipped with air brakes or vacuum power brakes shall have a non-glare illuminated gauge, clearly visible to the driver, to indicate the pressure or vacuum in the reservoir. Such buses shall also be equipped with a device which will give a distinctive audible or visible warning signal when the pressure or vacuum in the reservoir is insufficient to activate any power-operated device on the bus.(v) Air warning signal. Every bus using compressed air shall be equipped with warning signals, in addition to air pressure gauge/s, at least one audible or one visible to the driver, which will give continuous warning below a fixed pressure of not less than one half of the compressor governor cutout pressure. School use vehicles (other than charter type allowed for school activities) shall have both audible and visible warning devices. Vehicles equipped with an air operated emergency brake for application or release of an alternative device for application, the warning shall take place when pressure is at least 10 psi above automatic application.(vi) Vacuum warning signal. Every bus with a GVWR of 10,001 lbs. or more using vacuum for the operation of the hydraulic brakes shall be equipped with a warning signal, audible and visible to the driver, which will give continuous warning whenever the vacuum reserve and reservoir is less than eight inches of mercury.(vii) Power warning device. Every bus with a GVWR of 10,001 lbs. or more using a hydraulic power brake system shall be equipped with warning devices that give continuous, distinctive, audible and visible indication whenever available pressure in the system is insufficient to provide power-assisted brakes. Means shall be provided to establish whether or not the warning devices are in working order.(viii) Tubing/hose. Brake tubing and brake hose shall be constructed of such material and shall be designed and installed as to insure proper continued use. Brake hose shall be constructed as to insure adequate and reliable functioning and conform to the appropriate specification set forth in the SAE standards for hydraulic brake hose, air brake hose or vacuum brake hose.(ix) Reduced braking. Power brakes shall not be equipped with any device which upon application reduces the braking effort in such manner as to prevent compliance with the specifications of this section.(x) Emergency deceleration rate. The emergency brake shall be capable of consistently stopping a vehicle at a rate of deceleration of 75 feet per second-per second from a speed of 20 miles per hour. It shall be so designed that whenever applied, the emergency brakes shall remain applied despite the loss of any source of energy or leakage of any kind. Vehicles equipped with a separate exit door and an interlock device shall stop at a rate of deceleration of 75 feet per second-per second from a speed of 20 miles per hour when such interlock device is activated.
(xi) Installation. The compressor, reservoir, vacuum booster and all other vital parts of the service and emergency brake systems shall be securely installed, and located or protected so as to prevent damage to any part thereof, caused by incidents normal to transportation.(xii) Check valve. Every bus equipped with either air or vacuum reservoirs shall have such reservoirs safeguarded by a check valve or equivalent device so that in the event of failure or leakage in its connection to the source of compressed air or vacuum supply in the reservoir shall not be depleted by the leak or failure. One or more means shall be provided to establish whether or not the check valve is in proper working order.(xiii) Safety valve. Compressors and air brake systems shall be protected from overloading due to failure of governor operation with a safety valve installed in the system. The setting of the safety valve shall be determined by the manufacturer of the air compressor.(xiv) Repair. Brake repair, replacement and/or re-manufacturing shall be performed in accordance with vehicle manufacturer's and brake component manufacturer's recommended procedures.(xv) Testing. The service and parking brakes of every vehicle scheduled for service shall be tested by both controls before placing such vehicle in service and unless the brakes are in safe operating condition, the vehicle shall not be operated.(xvi) Parking brake. Every vehicle subject to this Part shall have a parking brake as described 49 CFR 571.105 S 5.2 or 571.121 S 5.6. For all vehicles with a GVWR of greater than 7,716 lbs, the parking brake shall be capable of decelerating the vehicle at 75 feet per second-per second from a speed of 20 miles per hour for three seconds duration. Vehicles with a GVWR of less than 7,717 lbs. shall comply with New York State Department of Motor Vehicle annual inspection performance standards for parking brakes.(2) School buses (Type B, C, D). (i) Air pressure warning device. There shall be a device which will give a distinctive audible and visible warning signal when the air pressure or vacuum in the reservoir is insufficient to activate any power-operated device on the bus. Such warning device shall be readily visible to or easily recognizable by the driver.(aa) Exhaust system. (1) General requirements (all vehicles). (i) Location. No part of the exhaust system of a vehicle shall be located so that it would likely burn, char or damage the electric wiring, the fuel supply or any combustible part of the vehicle.(ii) Federal standards. All vehicles shall meet applicable Federal motor vehicle emission standards.(iii) State standards. Every motor vehicle registered in this State and manufactured or assembled after June 30, 1963 shall be equipped with a crankcase ventilating system, of a type approved by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) for the purpose of reducing the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. Every motor vehicle registered in this State and manufactured or assembled after June 30, 1967 and known as a 1968 or subsequent model shall be equipped with an air contaminant emission control system of a type approved by DEC. Note:Such system shall not emit unnecessary smoke or offensive vapors. See section 721.4(l) of this Title.
(iv) Installation. All parts of the exhaust system shall be securely installed outside of the body. The exhaust system shall be leak-proof and of ample capacity to afford a minimum of back pressure.(v) Tailpipe. The tailpipe of a motor vehicle shall extend from the muffler to a point clearing the rear perimeter of the vehicle. It shall not terminate at any of the following locations: (a) under the passenger section;(b) ahead of the rear axle;(c) at any point below any door; or(d) beyond one inch of the rear perimeter of the vehicle. For articulated buses, the termination point shall be determined by the forward unit only. (2) School buses (Type A, B, C, D). (i) Construction. The exhaust system shall be constructed of seamless or electrically welded 16-gauge steel tubing or a 20-gauge stainless steel.(ii) Gas line/tank proximity. Any exhaust pipe located within eight inches of gas tank or a gas line connection, or directly beneath the gas line connection, or directly beneath the gas tank or a gas line connection, regardless of distance, shall be insulated by means of metal diversion plates.(ab) Tires and wheels (all vehicles). Type: tires and wheels shall be of sufficient size and construction, as recommended by the tire and vehicle manufacturer, to support the combined weight of the vehicle and the allowable passenger load and in addition: Note:See section 721.4(m) of this Title regarding tires during operation.
(ac) Fuel systems. (1) Section definitions. In addition to the definitions contained in section 720.1 of this Part, the following definitions shall apply wherever the terms are used in this Part: (i) Alteration. Any change in the construction, design or installation of a container that affects the strength or safety of the system.(ii) ASME code. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code; section VIII, division I and section IX of the 1971 and later editions.(iii) ASTM. The American Society for Testing and Materials.(iv) CFR. The Code of Federal Regulations.(v) CGA. The Compressed Gas Association.(vi) CNG. Compressed Natural Gas.(vii) Fuel supply container. A tank or cylinder installed on a vehicle to supply fuel for the propulsion system of the vehicle.(viii) NFPA. The National Fire Protection Association.(ix) LPG. Liquid Propane Gas.(x) SAE. Society of Automotive Engineers.(xi) Supply line. The piping, tubing or hose, including all related fittings, through which vapor or liquid passes between the first shut-off valve at the container and the final stage regulator or vaporizer.(xii) UL. The Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc.(xiii) Vaporizer. A device that converts liquefied natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas to the gaseous state by means of heat.(2) General requirements (all vehicles). (i) Installation. The installation of liquefied petroleum gas, compressed natural gas, or liquefied natural gas fuel systems on motor vehicle equipped with gaseous fuel carburetors shall be in accordance with the following requirements: driver, passenger, and luggage compartments. Fuel supply containers on vehicle shall not be located in or above the passenger compartment. Fuel supply containers shall be installed and fitted so that no gas from fueling and gauging operations or from relief valves can be released inside the driver, passenger, or luggage compartment.(ii) Containers. Fuel supply containers shall meet all appropriate requirements of the ASME code, the USDOT regulations, and the regulations contained in this section. Fuel supply containers shall also comply with the following requirements. (a) Each container and container cradle shall be mounted in protected locations to minimize damage from collision. All valves and gauges shall be protected by doors or other means.(b) To prevent damage from road hazards, slippage, foosening, or rotation, each container or cradle shall be secured to the vehicle body, bed, or frame by either of the following means: (1) attaching bolts not less than 7/16-inch in diameter that meet SAE Standard J 429 for grade 5 threaded fasteners in the 1965 or later edition of the SAE Handbook and self-locking nuts to at least four securement points and, where bolts pierce body metal but not frame, by reinforcing both sides of each securement point with metal plates at least 3/4-inch thick and seven square inches in area; or(2) by using other means capable of withstanding in any direction a static force of eight times the weight of the fully loaded container.(c) Each container in a cradle shall be secured to its cradle by means capable of withstanding in any direction a static force of eight times the weight of the fully loaded container.(d) No portion of the container or container valves in communication with the liquid or vapor shall be located behind the rear frame cross member of the vehicle unless adequately protected.(e) The weight of the container shall not in any way be supported by outlets, valves, manifold, or other fuel connections.(f) No part of the container shall be field welded. Only saddle plates, brackets, or other non-pressure parts that were provided and installed by the manufacturer of the container may be field welded.(g) No container shall be repaired until the contemplated method has been authorized by the container manufacturer. USDOT containers shall be repaired under USDOT regulations and control. The replacement of valves, fittings, and accessories intended for the same purpose is not considered a repair.(h) Containers located less than eight inches from the engine or exhaust system shall be shielded against direct heat.(i) Filler caps shall fit snugly to prevent leakage of fuel while vehicle is standing or in motion.(iii) Markings. Markings of set-to-discharge pressure for safety relief devices and working pressure of fuel supply containers required by this section shall be visible either directly or by use of a mirror after installation. All remote filling inlets shall be visibly marked with the type of fuel and the lowest working pressure of any fuel supply container in the system.(iv) Venting. All safety devices that may discharge to the atmosphere shall be vented to the outside of the vehicle, and all discharge lines and outlets shall be installed as follows: (a) Lines shall be constructed of metal other than aluminum and shall be of a size and so located and maintained as not to restrict the maximum flow of the safety device. Flexible metallic lines shall be used when necessary.(b) The discharge line of a container installed inside a compadment shall extend to the outside of the compartment.(c) Lines shall be located as far from the exhaust gullet as is practicable and shall direct escaping gas upward within 45 degrees of vertical. Escaping gas shall not impinge upon fuel supply containers and shall not be directed into wheel wells, at other vehicle in traffic, or at engine air intake inlets.(d) The discharge line from the safety relief valve on all vehicle shall be located at the rear of the vehicle, directed upward, and extended to the top of the vehicle roof. Means shall be provided to verify that discharge line is clear.(e) Outlets shall be protected by caps, covers, or other means to keep water or dirt from collecting in the lines. Protective devices shall not restrict the flow of gas.(f) Each line and its connectors shall withstand the pressure caused by the discharge of vapor or liquid from a safety device in fully open position.(g) CNG containers may be vented to the outside of the vehicle with a flexible bag. Such bag shall be constructed of a material that is nonflammable or self-extinguishing. The bag and attachments shall be capable of withstanding an internal pressure produced by a flow rate of 300 cfm with a safety factor of not less than four. The bag shall be shielded or installed in a protected location to prevent damage from unsecured objects and abrasion.(v) Manifold shut off valve. Manifolds connected to fuel containers shall be supported to minimize vibration and shall be installed in a protected location or shielded to prevent damage from unsecured objects. A normally closed automatic shut-off valve that is held open by electrical current shall be installed in the outlet of the manifold and marked with the words AUTOMATIC SHUT-OFF-VALVE. (Decals or stencils are acceptable.) The automatic shut-off valve shall be wired so it shuts off when the ignition switch is in the off or accessory position and when engine vacuum or oil pressure is not present.(vi) Pipes, tubing, hoses, and fittings: Each shall meet the following requirements: (a) All materials and assemblies shall be designed for the widest pressure and temperature ranges to which they may be subjected with a pressure safety factor of at least four.(b) All materials, including gasket and packing materials, shall be compatible with the fuel used in the system and its service conditions. Aluminum pipe, tubing, or fittings shall not be used between the container and first-stage regulator. When used, copper tubing shall be seamless.(c) A pipe thread sealant impervious to the action of the fuel used in the system shall be applied to all male pipe threads prior to assembly. Only tin-silver (95 percent tin, 5 percent silver) or silver braze alloy shall be used on sweat type joints or fittings.(vii) Supply lines. Supply lines passing through a panel shall be protected by grommets or similar devices, which shall snugly fit both the supply lines and the holes in the panel. Supply lines shall have a minimum clearance of eight inches from the engine exhaust system unless they are shielded from exhaust heat. Supply lines shall be supported at least every 24 inches and shall be prevented from sagging. Damaged lines shall be replaced, not repaired.(viii) Shut-off valve. An automatic fuel supply shut-off valve shall be installed in a protected location adjacent to the manual shut-off valve on all vehicle and shall be activated by engine vacuum or oil pressure.(ix) Carburetor flows. Means shall be provided in the system to prevent the flow of gaseous fuel to the carburetor when the ignition is in the off or accessory position, or from the carburetor when engine vacuum or oil pressure is not present.(x) Duel fuel. Dual fuel systems using liquid and gaseous fuel shall have an automatic shut-off valve installed in the liquid fuel line to the carburetor.(xi) Relief device. A bypass relief device shall be installed in the fuel pump or between the fuel pump and the automatic shut-off valve in the liquid fuel line to the carburetor on vehicle equipped with dual fuel systems for the use of gasoline and gaseous fuel. The relief device need not be installed on fuel pumps containing a bypass relief device as original equipment.(xii) Electrical equipment. Radio transmitters, radio receivers, electric motors, or other electrical equipment (except vehicle lamps and wiring) shall not be mounted in a compartment with fuel supply containers, unless one of the following conditions is met: (a) all piping and all connectors and valves on the fuel supply containers are exterior to and sealed from the compartment containing electrical equipment;(b) all piping, connectors, and valves within the compartment are contained in a vapor-tight enclosure and vented to the atmosphere exterior of the vehicle; or(c) the electrical equipment is contained in a vapor-tight enclosure that is vented to the atmosphere exterior of the vehicle.(xiii) Road clearance. The fuel system, including the fuel supply container, shall be installed with as much road clearance as practicable. The lowest part of any component in the system, including protective guards, shall not be lower than the lowest edge of the vehicle differential housing under maximum spring deflection.(xiv) Gasoline tank. Such tank shall not be placed below the aisle to a door, unless the area over such tank is adequately protected by metal shielding. This subdivision shall not apply to buses registered in another state or country and used in transporting passengers for hire within this State less than four times within any 12 consecutive months.(xv) Certified fuel tanks. All buses manufactured after January 1, 1974 shall be equipped with diesel or gasoline fuel tanks certified and marked by the manufacturer as to comply with USDOT requirements. Replacement fuel tanks installed on any bus after January 1, 1974 shall comply with this subdivision.(xvi) Supply lines. Gasoline or diesel fuel supply lines shall be connected above the bottom of the fuel tank. Buses manufactured after January 1, 1974 shall have the fuel supply line fitting located in the top of the tank. This subdivision shall not apply to buses registered in another state or country and used in transporting passengers for hire within this State not more than three times in any 12 consecutive months.(xvii) Fuel system. All parts of the fuel system shall be securely installed outside of the passenger section and shall be located so as to prevent damage to any part thereof.(xviii) Fuel tanks. Fuel tanks shall conform to 49 CFR section 393.65 of the USDOT regulations and shall have: (b) a supply line taken from the top of the tank;(c) all parts of the electrical system located under any part of the fuel system, including fuel tank, carburetor, gasoline pump, gasoline filter or fuel line connections, shielded from possible fuel leakage; and(d) for a fuel supply system using liquefied petroleum gas, liquefied natural gas or compressed natural gas, such system constructed and installed in accordance with the provisions of this Part.(3) Liquefied petroleum gas systems vehicles. In addition to NFPA standards, fuel systems using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) shall meet the following requirements of this paragraph: (i) Fuel supply container. Each LPG fuel supply container shall be constructed, inspected and permanently marked in accordance with the appropriate USDOT regulation or ASME code. Containers constructed to the USDOT regulations shall have a minimum service pressure of 240 psi. Containers constructed to the ASME code shall have a minimum working pressure of 250 psi. Every container must be equipped with an outage valve or a fixed liquid level gauge to indicate when the container is 79.8 percent full. A float gauge cannot be used to meet this requirement. In addition, containers must have a fill valve that limits filling to 80 percent of tank capacity.(ii) Back-flow check valve. When two or more containers are used, a back-flow check valve shall be installed in each fuel line to prevent passing of fuel between tanks during filling operation. A hydrostatic relief valve with a pressure setting not lower than 350 psi nor higher than 500 psi shall be installed between the back-flow check valves and the gaseous fuel cutoff valve to the carburetor.(iii) Container markings. Each LPG fuel supply container shall be permanently marked as follows: (a) the official ASME Code U symbol;(b) the manufacturer's name, initials, or trademark;(c) the maximum allowable working pressure (-psi at -F);(iv) Exception. For containers constructed to USDOT regulations, the permanent markings shall include: (a) the letters USDOT or ICC (referring to the former Federal Interstate Commerce Commission) with the appropriate specifications and service pressure;(b) the manufacturer's name, initials or trademark, as registered with USDOT;(c) the serial number; and(d) the year tested. All container inlets and outlets, except those for relief valves and gauging devices, shall note if they connect to vapor or liquid space.
(v) Valves. Valves shall be of a type that has been tested and listed by UL or by other nationally recognized testing laboratories as meeting the UL requirements for LPG. All valves shall be securely mounted and shielded or installed in a protected location to prevent damage from vibrations and unsecured objects.(vi) Safety relief valves. One or more spring-loaded internal safety relief valves shall be installed directly in each fuel container in communication with the vapor space. The markings showing "set to discharge pressure" shall be visible after the valves are installed in the container. Safety relief valves for USDOT fuel supply containers shall be approved by the Federal Bureau of Explosives, and the valve setting shall be as required by the bureau. The safety relief valve setting for ASME containers shall not be less than 100 percent or more than 110 percent of the maximum allowable service pressure of the container.(vii) Safety relief markings. Permanent markings on safety relief valves in ASME containers shall include: (a) manufacturer's name, initials, or trademark;(b) manufacturer's design or type number;(c) discharge pressure (-psi);(d) discharge capacity (cfm air at 60° F and 14.7 psi); and(viii) Exception. Permanent markings on safety relief valves in USDOT containers shall include: (a) manufacturer's name, initials or trademark;(c) discharge pressure (-psi); and(d) discharge capacity (cfm air at 60° F and 14.7 psi).(ix) Excess flow valve. An internal excess flow valve shall be provided that is designed to close when maximum volume escapes through the smallest connection in the supply line valve or gauging device outlets. The excess flow valve shall have a bypass not to exceed a No. 60 drill size opening to allow equalization of pressure.(x) Check valves. Inlet connections in the fuel supply container shall be fitted with either an internal and external check valve, or an internal check valve with an adjacent or remote manual shut-off valve. The inlet of the filling system shall be capped, except when filling, to withstand the maximum service pressure of the container. All containers installed after January 1, 1973 shall be equipped for remote filling exterior to the vehicle compartment with an internal and external check valve installed in the container.(xi) Vapor equalizing valve. A vapor equalizing valve may be installed in the fuel supply container. The valve shall be capped, except when filling to withstand the maximum pressure of the container.(xii) Shut-off valve. A manually operated shut-off valve shall be installed directly into the fuel supply container outlet connection serving the supply line and shall be marked with the words "SHUT-OFF VALVE." (Decals or stencils are acceptable).(xiii) Liquid volume gauge. All LPG containers shall be equipped with a liquid volume gauge, which shall be designed and installed as follows: (a) The gauging device shall be of a type that has been listed by UL or by other nationally recognized testing laboratories as meeting the UL requirements for LPG.(b) The gauge shall be securely mounted and shielded or installed in a protected location to prevent damage from excessive vibration and unsecured objects.(c) A gauge that requires bleeding of the product shall be bled to outside of the vehicle compartment and shall be equipped with a bleeder valve. A restricting orifice not larger than No. 54 drill size shall be inside the fuel supply container.(xiv) Pressure reducing regulator. An automatic pressure reducing regulator or a regulating vaporizer designed to withstand a service pressure of at least 250 psi shall be installed between the LPG fuel supply container and the carburetor. All regulators and vaporizers shall be of a type that has been tested and listed by UL or other nationally recognized testing laboratories as meeting the UL requirements for LPG. The regulator or vaporizer shall be installed so that its weight is not placed on, or supported alone by, the attached tubing or flexible lines.(xv) Vents. Every compartment in which an LPG container is installed shall be vented to the atmosphere unless all piping and connectors are exterior to the compartment. The vent or vents shall be installed at the lowest practicable point of the compartment and shall have an open area totaling not less than three square inches.(xvi) LPG hose for high pressure liquid or vapor use. All LPG hose and hose assemblies shall have a working pressure of not less than 350 psi and a burst pressure of not less than 1750 psi. Each hose shall be reinforced with corrosion-resistant wire braid and shall be of a type that has been tested and listed by UL or by other nationally recognized testing laboratories as meeting the UL requirements for LPG. Each LPG hose shall have the following permanent identification markings in letters and numerals at least 3/4 inch in height at intervals of 24 inches or less: (a) manufacturer's name, initials or trademark;(4) Compressed natural gas vehicles. In addition to NFPA regulations, fuel systems using compressed natural gas (CNG) shall meet the following requirements of this section: (i) Fuel supply container. Each CNG fuel supply container shall be constructed and inspected in accordance with USDOT regulations and shall have a rated service pressure of not less than 2250 psi at 70° F. It shall not be filled beyond the working pressure stamped on the tank and marked near the filler connection, corrected for the ambient temperature at time of filling as prescribed by USDOT.(ii) Markings. Each CNG fuel supply container shall have the following identification markings: (a) the letters USDOT with the appropriate specification and working pressure;(d) manufacturer's name, initials or trademark.(iii) Shut-off valve. A manually operated shut-off valve shall be in direct contact with the container and shall be marked with the words "SHUT-OFF VALVE." (Decals or stencils are acceptable.) No valve shall be used for CNG unless it has been certified for that purpose by the manufacturer. The shut-off valve shall be securely mounted and shielded or installed in a protected location to prevent damage from vibration and unsecured objects.(iv) Safety relief device(s). One or more safety relief devices shall be installed in the fuel supply container in communication with the fuel and vented to the outside of the vehicle compartment. Relief devices shall be approved as to type, size, quantity, and location by the Federal Bureau of Explosives and shall have the following permanent identification markings:(a) manufacturer's name, initials or trademark;(b) flow capacity (-cfm); and(c) yield temperature rating (-F).(v) Gauges. Gauges used in CNG systems shall be designed and installed as follows: (a) gauging devices shall be designed for the most severe pressure and temperature conditions to which the devices may be subjected with a pressure safety factor of not less than four; and(b) gauges shall be securely mounted and shielded or installed in a protected location to prevent damage from vibration and unsecured objects.(vi) Automatic pressure reducing regulator(s). An automatic pressure reducing regulator or regulators shall be installed in CNG systems to reduce container pressure to a value consistent with the working pressure required by the carburetor. Means shall be provided to prevent malfunction due to refrigeration effects. Regulators shall be installed so that their weight is not placed, on, or supported alone by, the attaching line or lines. Regulators shall be designed to a container's maximum working pressure and temperature with a pressure safety factor of not less than four.(vii) Vent(s). Every compartment in which a CNG container is installed shall be vented to the atmosphere, unless all piping and connections exterior to the compartment are vapor sealed and vented to the atmosphere. The vent or vents shall be installed at the highest practicable point of the compartment and shall have an open area totaling not less than three square inches.(5) Liquefied natural gas. In addition to NFPA regulations, fuel systems using liquefied natural gas (LNG) shall meet the following requirements of this section: (i) Fuel supply container. Each LNG fuel supply container shall be constructed and inspected in accordance with 49 CFR section 178.57 specification 4L for welded cylinders insulated with the exception of sections 178.57 -13 and 178.57- 20 and the reports to the Federal Bureau of Explosives in section 178.57 -4(d). Each LNG container shall meet the following additional requirements: (a) The unrelieved fuel pressure inside the container shall not exceed 100 psi within a total 72-h period consisting of 48h at 60° F, 12h at 70° F, and 12h at 90° F ambient temperatures when the container has been filled with LNG conditioned at one atmosphere.(b) The container shall be equipped with a liquid level gauging device and a dip tube to prevent filling beyond 90 percent by volume at atmospheric pressure.(c) Each completed container, including its supporting structure and valves, enclosures, and lines normally attached thereto, shall have structural integrity to withstand damage from deceleration and acceleration forces resulting from a 30 mph front-end and rear-end collision with the type of vehicle in which the container is installed. A test of other means shall demonstrate that the container and its openings do not rupture in such collisions.(ii) Markings. Each LNG fuel supply container shall have the following permanent identification markings: (c) manufacturer's name, initials or trademark;(f) all inlets and outlets, except relief valves and gauging devices, shall be marked to designate whether they make contact with vapor or liquid space.(iii) Valves certification. Valves shall be certified for liquid natural gas use by the manufacturer or certified for cryogenic service at temperatures down to and including -320° F. All valves shall be securely mounted and shall be shielded or installed in a protected location to prevent damage from vibration and unsecured objects.(iv) Safety relief valve(s). Each container shall be equipped with one or more safely relief valves. The safety relief valve shall be installed in a line that communicates with the vapor space of the container. A safety relief valve shall be installed between two shut-off valves in a supply line to prevent a buildup of pressure between the valves in the off position. The discharge pressure of safety relief valves shall not exceed 125 percent of the service pressure of the container. Relief valves shall have sufficient capacity to meet the requirements of either the Federal Bureau of Explosives for approval of safety relief valves or NFPA standard 59 (A) - appendix A and be capable of preventing explosion of the normally charged cylinder when it is placed in a fire. Relief valves shall have the following permanent identification markings:(a) manufacturer's name, initials or trademark;(c) discharge pressure (-psi); and(d) discharge capacity (-cfm air at 60° F and 14.7 psi).(v) Shut-off valve(s). One manually operated shut-off valve shall be secured directly to the tank vapor outlet with no intervening fitting other than the relief valve and shall be marked with the words "VAPOR SHUT-OFF VALVE." Another manually operated shut-off valve shall be secured directly to the tank liquid outlet and shall be marked with the words "LIQUID SHUT-OFF VALVE." (Decals or stencils are acceptable.) Normally closed automatic shut-off valves that are held open by electrical current may be used in lieu of manual shut-off valves at either the tank vapor port or tank liquid port, or both. An automatic shut-off valve shall be wired so it shuts off when the ignition switch is in the off and accessory positions and when engine vacuum or oil pressure is not present.(vi) Control valve. A positive shut-off valve shall be installed in the fuel supply lines as close to the containers as possible, automatically closing off and preventing the flow of fuel to the carburetor when the ignition switch is off or in the accessory position.(vii) Gauges. Gauges used in LNG systems shall be designed and installed as follows: (a) Gauging devices shall be designed for the most severe pressure and temperature conditions to which the devices may be subjected with a pressure safety factor of not less than four.(b) All gauges shall be securely mounted and shall be shielded or installed in a protected location to prevent damage from vibration and unsecured objects.(c) Gauging devices that require bleeding of the product shall be bled to the outside of the vehicle compartment.(viii) Pressure reducing regulators. LNG systems shall be equipped with one- or two-stage pressure reducing regulators. The regulators shall be installed so that their weight is not placed on, or supported alone by, the attaching tubing or flexible lines.(ix) Vent(s). Every compartment in which an LNG container is installed shall be vented to the atmosphere unless all piping and connectors are exterior to the compartment. The vent or vents shall be installed at the highest practicable point of the compartment and shall have an open area totaling not less than three square inches.(ad) Engine fire warning protection device. All vehicles fueled with other than diesel fuel with the engine located to the rear of the driver's seat shall be equipped with either an automatic signal device to warn the driver of fire in the engine section or an automatic fire extinguishing device or both, which shall operate whenever the temperature in the engine section reaches 350° F.N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. Tit. 17 § 720.4
Amended New York State Register December 21, 2022/Volume XLIV, Issue 51, eff. 12/21/2022