N.M. Admin. Code § 8.9.4.34

Current through Register Vol. 35, No. 23, December 10, 2024

Section 8.9.4.34 - SERVICES AND CARE OF CHILDREN IN HOMES

A. GUIDANCE:

(1) A home will have written policies and procedures clearly outlining guidance practices. Care-givers will give this information to all parents and staff who will sign a form to acknowledge that they have read and understand these policies and procedures.

(2) Guidance will be consistent and age appropriate.

(3) Guidance shall be positive and include redirection and clear limits that encourage the child's ability to become self-disciplined. The use of physical or mechanical restraints is prohibited unless due to documented emergencies or medically documented necessity.

(4) A home will not use the following disciplinary practices:

(a) physical punishment of any type, including shaking, biting, hitting, pinching or putting anything on or in a child's mouth;

(b) withdrawal of food, rest, bathroom access, or outdoor activities;

(c) abusive or profane language, including yelling;

(d) any form of public or private humiliation, including threats of physical punishment; or

(e) unsupervised separation.

(5) Children will not be lifted by the arms, hands, wrist, legs, feet, ankles, or clothing.

B. NAPS OR REST PERIOD:

(1) A home will provide physical care appropriate to each child's developmental needs that will include a supervised rest period.

(2) A home shall allow children who do not sleep to get up and participate in quiet activities that do not disturb the other children.

(3) Each child will have an individual bed, cot, or mat that is sanitized after each use, regardless of the same child using the mat or cot. Linens can be used multiple times over the course of a week but must be laundered before being used by another child.

(4) Cribs, cots or mats shall be spaced at least 30 inches apart to permit easy access by adults to each child. If the room used for sleeping cannot accommodate 30 inches of spacing between children, educators shall space children as far as possible from one another. There must be enough room to permit easy access to all children without moving cribs, cots or mats. Cots or mats will have a nonabsorbent, cleanable surface. Mats will be at least three-fourths of an inch thick. Mats and cots shall be cleaned and linens must be laundered before being used by another child.

(5) Educators shall ensure that nothing covers the face or head of a child aged 12 months or younger when the child is laid down to sleep and while the child is sleeping. Educators shall not place anything over the head or face of a child over 12 months of age when the child is laid down to sleep and while the child is sleeping.

(6) Children with disabilities or medical conditions that require unusual sleeping arrangements will have written authorization from physician justifying the sleeping arrangement. A physician's note must contain a timeframe for the specific sleep arrangement. The facility shall adhere to the timeframe recommended by the doctor.

(7) Illumination equivalent to that cast by a soft night light shall be operational in areas that are occupied by children who are napping or sleeping. Illumination must be enough to see the entire room, clearly observe sleeping children and allow for quiet activities for non-sleeping children.

(8) Children shall be directly supervised during naptime.

(9) All children shall sleep in the licensed area of the home. No children shall be allowed to sleep behind closed doors.

C. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INFANTS AND TODDLERS:

(1) The home will provide a crib for each infant and, when appropriate, for a toddler.

(2) Cribs will meet the most current federal standards and be kept in good repair. A home will not use plastic bags or lightweight plastic sheeting to cover a mattress and will not use pillows in cribs. No child shall be allowed to sleep in a play pen, pack and play, infant swing, car seat and/or bouncer. Only a crib meeting the CPSC 16 CFR 1219 or 1220 guidelines will be allowed.

(3) No child will be allowed to sleep in a playpen, pack and play, car seat, stroller, swings, bouncers or highchairs, or other equipment not intended for sleep purposes.

(4) Children under the age of 12 months shall be placed on their backs when sleeping unless otherwise authorized in writing by a physician. Providers shall place infants in cribs for safe sleeping.

(5) A home will not admit any child under the age of six weeks except with the written approval of a licensed physician.

(6) Throughout the day, an educator will give each infant and toddler physical contact and attention. An educator will hold, talk to, sing to and take inside and outside walks with the child. An educator will respond immediately to all cries of infants and to the cries of all children within two minutes.

(7) An educator will use routine activities such as nap time, feeding, diapering and toileting as opportunities for language development and other learning.

(8) Infants shall not be allowed to be confined to one area for prolonged periods of time unless the infant is content and responsive. Children that are awake should be moved every 30 minutes to offer new stimulation.

(9) A home will arrange the sleeping and play areas so that children in the play area do not disturb sleeping children.

(10) Infants shall either be held or be fed sitting up for bottle-feeding. Infants unable to sit shall always be held for bottle-feeding. Infants and toddlers shall not be placed in a laying position while drinking bottles or sippy cups. The carrying of bottles and sippy cups by young children throughout the day or night shall not be permitted.

(11) Children will not be allowed to walk or run with pacifiers. Pacifiers will not be used outside of cribs in rooms with mobile infants or toddlers. Pacifiers will be labeled and not shared. Pacifiers will not be tied to the child. Pacifiers that contact the floor or ground will be cleaned and sanitized appropriately.

(12) Each infant shall be allowed to form and observe his or her own pattern of feeding, sleeping, and waking periods.

(13) Food served shall meet the nutritional needs of the infant or toddler. Foods shall be developmentally appropriate for each infant served.

D. DIAPERING AND TOILETING:

(1) An educator will plan toilet training with a parent so the toilet routine is consistent. A home will not attempt to toilet train a child who is not developmentally ready.

(2) A home will change wet and soiled diapers and clothing promptly. Staff members will wear non-porous, single use gloves when changing a diaper and wash their hands after changing a diaper. Food service gloves are not permissible for diaper changing.

(3) A home will have a supply of dry, clean clothing and diapers sufficient to meet the needs of the child. A home will label diapers and diapering supplies for each child and store them separately. Diaper bags will be inaccessible to children.

(4) An educator will change a child's diaper on a clean, safe, waterproof surface and discard any disposable cover and disinfect the surface after each diaper change. Soiled diapers shall be stored in a secure container with a tight-fitting lid to assure proper hygiene and control of odors.

E. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS:

(1) Child care facilities are responsible for staff awareness of community resources for families of children with disabilities, including children under the age of five years as well as those of school age. If family or group home educators believe that a child may have a delay or disability, possible resources for referral and assistance are provided to parents when appropriate. No referral for special needs services to an outside agency will be made without a parent's consent. Family Education Right and Privacy Act (FERPA) will be respected at all times.

(2) Child care facilities are responsible for staff awareness of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) as it relates to enrolling and caring for children with disabilities.

F. NIGHT CARE: In addition to all other requirements, a home providing night care will have an educator onsite, physically available and responsive to children who need attention during the night.

G. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT:

(1) Environment shall be organized into functional identifiable learning areas. Family child care homes that have dedicated space shall have at least four of the following learning areas. Family child care homes that do not have dedicated space shall have at least three of the following learning areas:

(a) a place for messy play;

(b) a place for loud, active play;

(c) a place for playing quietly;

(d) a place to pretend; and

(e) a place to read.

(2) Each learning area is clearly defined, using shelves and furniture.

(3) Adults can visually supervise all centers at all times.

(4) Learning areas have adequate space and noisy and quiet areas are arranged so that children's activities can be sustained without interruption.

(5) Materials are well cared for and organized by type. Where appropriate, materials are labeled with words or pictures. Adaptations to materials are made when needed to accommodate various abilities of all children. Unused materials are stored in inaccessible storage.

(6) Examples of children's individually expressed artwork are displayed in the environment at the children's eye level.

(7) Floor surface is suitable for activities that will occur in each learning area.

(8) File and storage space is available for educators' materials.

H. SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL RESPONSIVE ENVIRONMENT:

(1) Educators remain calm in stressful situations.

(2) Educators are actively engaged with children. Educators talk, actively listen and respond to children appropriately by responding to children's questions and acknowledging their comments, concerns, emotions and feelings.

(3) Educators help children communicate their feelings by providing them with language to express themselves.

(4) Educators model appropriate social behaviors, interactions and empathy. Educators respond to children that are angry, hurt, or sad in a caring and sensitive manner. Educators make appropriate physical contact to comfort children who are distressed.

I. EQUIPMENT AND PROGRAM:

(1) Toys and equipment must be safe, durable, and easy to clean, non-toxic and sanitized daily. Toys shall be disinfected, at a minimum of, once per week. Frequency of disinfection of toys must be increased in the event of a communicable disease, following appropriate guidance.

(2) A home will not use accordion-style baby gates.

(3) A home will provide sufficient equipment, materials, and furnishings for both indoor and outdoor activities so that at any one time, each child can be individually involved.

(4) A home will store equipment and materials for children's use within easy reach of the children, including those with disabilities. A home will store the equipment and materials in an orderly manner so children can select and replace the materials by themselves or with minimal assistance.

(5) A home will provide children with toys and other materials that are safe, developmentally appropriate, and encourage the child's creativity, social interaction, and a balance of individual and group play.

(6) A home will post a daily activity schedule. A home will follow a consistent pattern for routine activities such as meals, snacks and rest.

(7) Media viewing will not be permitted for children less than two years of age. Media viewing for children two years and older will be limited to six hours per month, but not to exceed one full length film in one day. Programs, movies, music and music programs shall be age appropriate and shall not contain adult content. Media viewing includes all of the above as well as computers, tablets, phones, smart devices and screen-based learning equipment. An exception is media that is used for curriculum-based purposes or led by an educator.

(8) Children and family members shall be acknowledged upon arrival and departure.

(9) Full-time children shall have a minimum of 60 minutes of physical activity daily, preferably outside. Part time children shall have a minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity daily, preferably outside. The provider will ensure drinking water is available and maintained at a cool temperature while playing outside.

(10) Equipment and program requirements apply during all hours of operation of the licensed facility.

J. OUTDOOR PLAY:

(1) Outdoor play equipment used in child care homes shall be:

(a) intended for public (non-residential) use and installed and maintained according to the manufacturer's instructions; or

(b) if intended for residential use, shall be safe and securely anchored.

(2) A home will enclose the outdoor play area with a fence at least four feet high and with at least one latched gate available for an emergency exit.

(3) A home will place sufficient energy absorbing surfaces beneath climbing structures, swings and slides. Based on the consumer product safety commission (CPSC) playground guidelines, grass, artificial turf, and rubber play mats are not energy absorbent material (as determined by Subsection N of 8.9.4.8 NMAC).

Critical Heights of Playground Equipment for Various Types and Depths of Resilient Surfaces Based on Information from the U.S. CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION (CPSC Publication No. 325), Handbook for Public Playground Safety. When no requirement is provided for a specific height of equipment, we have used the requirement for the next higher height, so requirements are conservative, erring on the side of safety.
Equipment Height	Wood Chips	Double Shredded Bark		Uniform Wood Chips	Fine Sand	Coarse Sand	Fine Gravel
	Uncompressed Depths of Materials In Fall Zone
Five feet or less	6 inches	6 inches	6 inches		6 inches	6 inches	6 inches
Six feet	6 inches	6 inches	6 inches		12 inches	12 inches	6 inches
Seven feet	6 inches	9 inches	9 inches		12 inches	12 inches	9 inches
Eight feet	9 inches	9 inches	12 inches		12 inches	12 inches	12 inches
Nine Feet	9 inches	9 inches	12 inches		12 inches	N/A	12 inches
Ten Feet	9 inches	9 inches	12 inches		N/A	N/A	12 inches
For poured or installed foam or rubber surfaces, the materials must meet the ASTM F1292 requirements with written verification from the manufacturer.

(4) The use of a trampoline is prohibited at any time during the hours of operation or by any children receiving care at the facility.

(5) Children shall be protected from the sun during outdoor play by providing shade (as necessary), sunscreen, proper attire and limiting the time of exposure to the elements. The provider must also consider instructions by the child's parent or guardian. Drinking water should be available as needed and outlined in Paragraph (9) of Subsection I of 8.9.4.34 NMAC.

K. SWIMMING, WADING AND WATER:

(1) Each child will have written permission from a parent or guardian before the child enters a pool.

(2) If a home has a portable wading pool:

(a) a home will drain and fill the wading pool with fresh water daily and disinfect the pool regularly;

(b) a home will empty a wading pool when it is not in use and remove it from areas accessible to children; and

(c) a home will not use a portable wading pool placed on concrete or asphalt.

(3) If a home has a built in or above ground swimming pool, ditch, fishpond or other water hazard:

(a) the fixture will be constructed, maintained and used in accordance with applicable state and local regulations;

(b) the fixture will be constructed and protected so that, when not in use, it is inaccessible to children; and

(c) when in use, children will be constantly supervised and the number of adults present will be increased to ensure adequate safety for the ages, abilities and type of water hazard in use.

(4) The following ratios shall be observed for swimming pools more than two feet deep:

Ratio for swimming pools more than two feet deep
Age of the youngest child	Number of educators, lifeguards or volunteers	Number of children
0-23 months	1	1
2 years	1	2
3 years	1	6
4 years	1	8
5 years	1	10
6 years and older	1	12

L. FIELD TRIPS:

(1) A home will ensure the children's safety on field trips and excursions. See Subparagraph (g) of Paragraph (1) of Subsection D of 8.9.4.32 NMAC for information on permission slips.

(2) Children will not go to a private residence other than the licensed home unless accompanied by two adults.

N.M. Admin. Code § 8.9.4.34

Adopted by New Mexico Register, Volume XXXIII, Issue 20, October 25, 2022, eff. 11/1/2022