N.H. Admin. Code Env, Env-Wq, ch. Env-Wq 1400, app D
The following table is available online at: http://des.nh.gov/organization/commissioner/pip/publications/wd/documents/vrap_native_plantings.pdf
Common Name(s) | Latin Name | Height | Growth Rate | Rooting | Light Preference | Soil Preference | Habitat | Associated Birds & Mammals (Cover, Nesting or Food) & Food Value |
Trees | ||||||||
American Basswood (American Linden) | Tilia americana | Medium-Large 60-100' | Moderate | Deep | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist | Rich woods, valleys, gentle slopes | Wildlife: Pileated woodpecker, wood duck, other birds; deer, rabbit, squirrel Food: Seeds, twigs |
American Beech | Fagus grandifolia | Medium-Large 60-90' | Slow | Shallow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Rich woods, well-drained lowlands | Wildlife: Blue jay, chickadees, nuthatches, quail, ruffed grouse, tufted titmouse, wild turkey, wood duck, woodpeckers; bear, chipmunk, deer, fox, porcupine, snowshoe hare, squirrel Food: Nuts, buds, sap |
American Hophornbeam (Ironwood) | Ostrya virginiana | Small 20-40' | Slow | Shallow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Rich woods | Wildlife: Downy woodpecker, mockingbird, purple finch, ring-necked pheasant, rose-breasted grosbeak, ruffed grouse, wild turkey, wood quail; deer, rabbit, squirrel Food: Nuts, buds, seeds |
American Hornbeam (Blue Beech/Musclewood) | Carpinus caroliniana | Small/Shrubby 20-40' | Slow | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry, Moist, Flood Tolerant | Rich woods, forested wetlands, ravines, streambanks | Wildlife: Quail, ruffed grouse, wood duck; beaver, deer, squirrel Food: Seeds, buds |
American Mountain Ash | Sorbus americana | Small Up to 25' | Fast | Shallow | Full/Part Shade or Full-Sun | Dry, Moist | Forested wetlands, rich woods | Wildlife: Bluebird, brown thrasher, catbird, cedar waxwing, grosbeak, mockingbird, robin, thrushes, wild turkey; bear Food: Fruit, twigs |
Balsam Fir | Abies balsamea | Small-Medium 40-60' | Fast | Shallow | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Forested wetlands, streambanks, rich woods | Wildlife: Ruffed grouse,songbirds; small mammals, moose Food: Seeds |
Balsam Poplar | Populus balsamea | Medium 60-80' | Fast | Shallow | Full Sun | Moist | Floodplains, riverbanks, streambanks, valleys | Wildlife: Beaver, deer, mouse, snowshoe hare Food: Buds, catkins, twigs, foliage |
Big-Toothed Aspen | Populus grandidentata | Small-Medium 30-60' | Fast | Shallow | Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Sandy upland soils, floodplain streams; with quaking aspen | Wildlife: Black-capped chickadee, evening grosbeak, purple finch, ruffed grouse, yellow-bellied sapsucker; deer Food: Buds, catkins, bark, twigs, and foliage |
Black Ash | Fraxinus nigra | Medium 60-80' | Moderate | Shallow | Full/Part Shade | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Forested wetlands, streambanks | Wildlife: Songbirds, wood duck; deer, moose, small mammals Food: Fruit, twigs, young leaves |
Black Birch (Sweet Birch) | Betula lenta | Medium 40-60' | Moderate | Shallow | Full/Part Shade | Moist | Cool, moist uplands, rich woods | Wildlife: Grouse; deer, rabbit Food: Buds, catkins, seeds |
Black Cherry | Prunus serotina | Medium 40-60' | Moderate | Deep Taproot | Full/Part Shade | Dry or Moist | Rich woods, on many sites except very dry soils | Wildlife: Bluebird, blue jay, brown thrasher, cardinal, catbird, cedar waxwing, common crow, eastern kingbird, evening grosbeak, mockingbird, northern flicker, northern oriole, robin, ruffed grouse, sparrows, thrushes, veery, vireo, yellow-bellied sapsucker; bear, chipmunk, deer, fox, raccoon, squirrel Food: Berries, buds, sap |
Black Gum (Tupelo) | Nyssa sylvatica | Medium 50-60 | Slow | No Information Available | Full/Part Shade | Dry or Moist | Forested wetlands, floodplains | Wildlife: Bluebird, cardinal, catbird, chickadee, crow, finches, mallards, robin, ruby-throated hummingbird, ruffed grouse, vireo, wild turkey, woodpeckers, wood duck; honeybees, bear, chipmunk, deer, opossum, squirrel Food: Seeds, sap, nectar. |
Black Spruce | Picea mariana | Small Up to 25' | Slow | Shallow | Full/Part Shade | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Bogs, forested wetlands, lake and pond shores | Wildlife: Songbirds, ruffed grouse, spruce grouse; chipmunk, cottontail, deer, porcupine, squirrel Food: Seeds, twigs, nectar, bark |
Black Willow | Salix nigra | Small-Medium Up to 50' | Very Fast | Very Shallow | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Forested wetlands, lowlands, floodplains | Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Food: Buds, catkins |
Box Elder | Acer negundo | Medium 40-70' | Very Fast | Deep, Lateral | Full Sun | Dry, Moist, Flood Tolerant | Forested wetlands, lowlands, floodplains | Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Food: Seeds |
Eastern Cottonwood | Populus deltoides | Medium-Large 80-100' | Fast | Shallow | Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Floodplains, streambanks, valleys | Wildlife: Ruffed grouse Food: Catkins |
Eastern Hemlock | Tsuga canadensis | Medium-Large 80-100' | Moderate | Shallow Lateral | Full/Part Shade | Dry or Moist, Acidic | Cool, moist uplands, ravines, rock outcrops, streambanks | Wildlife: Black-capped chickadee, blue and green warblers, crossbill, hawks, juncos, pine siskin, ruffed grouse, veery, wild turkey; deer, chipmunk, cottontail, porcupine, squirrel, white-footed mouse Food: Twigs, foliage, seeds |
Eastern White Pine | Pinus strobus | Large 70-120' | Moderate | Shallow | Full Sun | Dry or Moist, Well-Drained | Forested wetlands, bogs, ravines, cool shady north slopes | Wildlife: Brown creeper, chickadee, crossbill, grosbeak, junco, nuthatch, pine warbler, sparrows, spruce grouse, wild turkey, woodpeckers; beaver, chipmunk, deer, snowshoe hare, squirrel Food: Seeds, foliage, twigs; excellent winter food |
Gray Birch (Wire Birch) | Betula populifolia | Small 20-35' | Fast | Shallow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Pioneer Species; poorest of sterile soils, sandy or gravelly slopes | Wildlife: American goldfinch, blue jay, chickadee, northern junco, pine siskin, red-tailed hawk, ruffed grouse, sparrows, vireo, yellow-bellied sapsucker, woodpeckers; snowshoe hare Food: Seeds, buds |
Green Ash | Fraxinus pennsylvanica | Medium-Large 60-80' | Fast | Shallow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Forested wetlands, floodplains, streambanks; never on dry soils | Wildlife: Cardinal, finches, evening grosbeak, mourning dove, red-winged blackbird, wood duck; beaver, chipmunk, deer, porcupine, squirrel Food: Seeds, foliage |
Northern White Cedar (Arborvitae) | Thuja occidentalis | Medium 30-60' | Slow to Moderate | Shallow | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Bogs, wetlands, rich woods | Wildlife: Songbirds; small mammals, deer Food: Seeds, needles |
Quaking/Trembling Aspen (Poplar) | Populus tremuloides | Small-Medium 30-60' | Fast | Shallow | Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Pioneer Species; dry open woods, sandy or gravelly slopes | Wildlife: Ruffed grouse; beaver, deer, porcupine, snowshoe hare Food: Buds, catkins, bark, twigs, and foliage |
Red Maple | Acer rubrum | Medium 40-75' | Moderate to Fast | Very Shallow | Full Sun | Dry, Moist, Flood Tolerant | Forested wetlands, streambanks, lakeshores, rich woods, | Wildlife: Cardinal, chickadee, evening and pine grosbeaks, finches, robin, yellow-bellied sapsucker; beaver, chipmunk, deer; opossum, squirrel, snowshoe hare Food: Seeds, buds, bark, twigs, sap |
Red Oak | Quercus rubra | Medium 60-90' | Moderate | Deep Lateral | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Bottomlands, moist slopes, | Wildlife: Blue jay, brown thrasher, ducks, hawks, quail, nuthatch, ruffed grouse, towhee, wild turkey, woodpecker; bear, chipmunk, deer, gopher, opossum, raccoon, squirrel Food: Acorns |
Shagbark Hickory | Carya ovata | Large 70-100' | Fast | Deep Taproot | Full/Part Shade | Dry or Moist | Rich woods, valleys, upland slopes | Wildlife: Cardinal, field sparrows, pine warbler, rose-breasted grosbeak, rufous-sided towhee, white-breasted nuthatch, wild turkey, wood duck, yellow-rumped warbler; chipmunks, squirrels Food: Nuts |
Silver Maple | Acer sacharinium | Medium 60-80' | Moderate | Shallow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Forested wetlands, riverbanks, floodplains, streambanks | Wildlife: Cardinal, goldfinch, evening and pine grosbeaks, northern oriole Food: Seeds, buds |
Striped Maple (Moosewood/ Moose Maple) | Acerpensylvanicum | Small/Shrubby 20-30' | Moderate | Shallow | Full/Part-Shade | Moist | Rich woods, cool moist sites | Wildlife: Ruffed grouse; beaver, deer, moose, porcupine, rabbit Food: Buds, bark, samaras |
Sugar Maple | Acer saccharum | Medium-Large 60-100' | Slow | Shallow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist | Valleys and uplands; tolerates almost all soil types | Wildlife: Cardinal, goldfinch, grosbeak, ring-necked pheasant, robin, ruffed grouse, vireo; beaver, chipmunk, porcupine; Browse for deer, rabbit, snowshoe hare Food: Seeds, twigs, bark |
Swamp White Oak | Quercus bicolor | Medium 60-70' | Fast | No Information Available | Full/Part Shade | Moist | Forested wetlands, floodplains, streambanks | Wildlife: Barred owl, blue jay, cardinal, brown thrasher, grouse, mallards, nuthatch, quail, red-bellied woodpecker, red-tailed hawk, ruffed grouse, starling, towhee, wild turkey, yellow-throated wabler, wren; beaver, chipmunk, cottontail, deer, gopher, opossum, raccoon, squirrel, white-footed mouse, wild turkey Food: Acorns |
Sweet Gum | Liquidambar styraciflua | Medium-Large 60-100' | Moderate | No Information Available | Full Sun | Moist | Valleys, Lower slopes, mixed woodlands | Wildlife: Mourning dove, finches, junco, wren; beaver, chipmunk, squirrel Food: Seeds |
Sycamore (Planetree/Buttonwood) | Platanus occidentalis | Large 80-100' | Slow | No Information Available | Full/Part Shade or Full-Sun | Dry or Moist | Floodplains, lakeshores, streambanks | Wildlife: Finches; chipmunk, squirrel Food: Seeds |
Tamarack (American/Eastern Larch) | Larix laricina | Small-Medium 40-80' | Variable | Moderate | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Bogs, swamps, wet peaty soils, drier upland loamy soils | Wildlife: Blue jay, kinglets, pheasant, red crossbill, robin, ruffed grouse, spruce grouse, yellow-bellied sapsucker; chipmunk, deer, porcupine, red squirrel, snowshoe hare Food: Needles, twigs, inner bark, seeds |
White Ash | Fraxinus americana | Medium-Large 70-100' | Moderate | Shallow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Rich woods, valleys, slopes, forested wetlands, floodplains, streambanks | Wildlife: Finches, grosbeaks, red-winged blackbird, wood duck; deer, squirrel Food: Seeds, foliage |
White Birch (Paper Birch) | Betula papyrifera | Medium 50-75' | Fast | Shallow | Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Forested wetlands, rich woods | Wildlife: Grouse, siskins Food: Seeds, buds |
White Oak | Quercus alba | Medium-Large 50-90' | Moderate | Deep | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Deep, rich, well-drained | Streambanks, lakeshores, gentle slopes; adapts to almost any condition | Wildlife: Blue jay, brown thrasher, nuthatch, quail, ruffed grouse, towhee, wild turkey, wood duck, woodpecker; chipmunk, bear, deer, gopher, opossum, raccoon, squirrel Food: Acorns |
White Spruce | Picea glauca | Medium 40-70' | Moderate | Shallow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Streambanks, lakeshores, rich woods, adjacent slopes | Wildlife: Fishers,martens, snowshoe hare, voles Food: Seeds |
Yellow Birch (Sweet Birch) | Betula alleghaniensis | Medium-Large 70-100' | Slow | Shallow/ Moderate | Full/Part Shade | Dry or Moist | Forested wetlands, floodplains, ravines, cool, rich woods of high elevations | Wildlife: Black-capped chickadee, common redpoll, goldfinch, pine siskins, red-shouldered hawk, ring-necked pheasant, ruffed grouse, wild turkey, wood duck, yellow-bellied sapsucker; beaver, chipmunk, deer, porcupine, squirrel, snowshow hare Food: Catkins, buds, bark, twigs, foliage, seeds |
Common Name(s) | Latin Name | Height | Growth Rate | Light Preference | Soil Preference | Habitat | Associated Birds & Mammals (Cover, Nesting or Food) & Food Value |
Shrubs | |||||||
American Hazelnut | Corylus americana | Medium 5-10' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist | Borders of woods, hillsides, thickets | Wildlife: Blue jay, brown thrasher, cedar waxwing, hairy woodpecker, ring-necked pheasant, ruffed grouse; chipmunk, deer, rabbit, squirrel Food: Nuts, berries, foliage |
Beaked Hazelnut | Corylus cornuta | Small 6-10' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry | Dry places | Wildlife: Birds, mammals Food: Beaked nuts |
Black Chokeberry | Aronia meloncarpa | Medium Up to 10' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands | Wildlife: Cedar waxwing, chickadees, ruffed grouse, sharp-tailed grouse; deer, rabbit, squirrel Food: Berries,buds |
Buttonbush | Cephalanthus occidentalis | Medium 6-12' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Streambanks, lakeshores, ponds, shrub and forested wetlands | Wildlife: Ducks, rails, ruby-throated hummingbird; beaver, deer, muskrat, butterflies, honeybees and other insects Food: Fruit, twigs, leaves, seeds, nectar |
Chokecherry | Prunus virginiana | Small 3-6' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | With Aspen; dry soils | Wildlife: Bluebird, brown thrasher, catbird, crow, eastern kingbird, evening grosbeak, orioles, pileated woodpecker, ring-necked pheasant, robin, rose grosbeak, ruffed grouse, thrushes, yellow-bellied sapsucker; rabbit, squirrel Food: Berries, buds, foliage |
Elderberry | Sambucus canadensis | Small-Medium 3-12' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Rich woods, shrub and forested wetlands, marshes | Wildlife: Bluebirds, blue jay, brown thrasher, cardinal, catbird, grosbeak, indigo bunting, pileated woodpecker, ringed-neck pheasant, robin, rose-breasted grosbeak, ruffed grouse, thrushes, wild turkey, woodpecker; chipmunk, deer, rabbit, squirrel Food: Berries, nectar, twigs, bugs |
Gray Dogwood (Red-Panicle Dogwood) | Cornus racemosa | Medium 10-15' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Roadsides, thickets, wetlands | Wildlife: Blue jay, cardinal, catbird, cedar waxwing, eastern kingbird, finch, flycatcher, grosbeak, hairy woodpecker, northern flicker, phoebe, pileated woodpecker, pine grosbeak, pine warbler, red-bellied woodpecker, ring-necked pheasant, robin, ruffed grouse, starling, swamp sparrow, tufted titmouse,veery, vireo, wild turkey,wood duck, wood thrush, woodcock, yellow-bellied sapsucker; chipmunk, deer, red fox, rabbit, squirrel Food: Berries, twigs |
Highbush Blueberry | Vaccinium corymbosum | Medium 5-15' | Slow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry, Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, rich woods | Wildlife: Baltimore oriole, bluebird, blue jay, cardinal, chickadee, gray catbird, kingbird, orioles, phoebe, red-bellied woodpecker, ring-necked pheasant, robin, ruffed grouse, rufos-sided towhee, scarlet tanager, tufted titmouse, veery, wild turkey, woodpeckers, wood thrush; black beer, chipmunk, deer, muskrat, rabbit, squirrel, white-footed mouse Food: Berries, foliage, twigs, buds |
Hobblebush | Viburnum alnifolium | Medium Up to 10' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Cool, moist ravines, shady lakeshores | Wildlife: Brown thrasher, cardinal, cedar waxwing, evening grosbeak, robin Food: Fruit |
Juniper | Juniperus communis | Small 1-4' | Slow | Full Sun | Dry | Dry open land | Wildlife: Cedar waxwing, finches, grosbeaks, grouse, pheasant, robin; deer, rabbit, moose Food: Twigs, foliage, fruit |
Lowbush Blueberry | Vaccinium angustifolium | 1-2' | Slow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Bogs, dry sandy flats, rocky slopes | Wildlife: Blue jay, grouse, kingbird, oriole, robin, tanagers, woodpeckers; squirrel Food: Berries, foliage, twigs |
Maleberry | Lyonia ligustris | Up to 10' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist | Shrub and forested wetlands, rich woods, gentle slopes | Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Food: Fruit |
Mapleleaf Viburnum | Viburnum acerifolium | Small 3-6' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist | Rich woods | Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Food: Fruit |
Mountain Laurel | Kalmia latifolia | Up to 20' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Mixed uplands, acid soils | Wildlife: Ruffed grouse; deer Food: Foliage, buds, twigs, nectar |
Nannyberry | Viburnum lentago | Medium-Large 10-25' | Moderate | Fall/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Rich woods | Wildlife: Songbirds, mammals Food: Berries |
Northern Arrowwood | Viburnum recognitum | Medium 10-15' | Moderate | Fall/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, lakeshores, streambanks | Wildlife: Ruffed grouse, songbirds; bear, chipmunks, raccoon, squirrel, skunk, white-footed mouse Food: Berries |
Northern Wild Raisin (Witherod Viburnum) | Viburnum nudum var.cassinoides | Medium 6-10 | Moderate | Full/Part Shade | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, valleys, slopes, streambanks | Wildlife: Brown thrasher, cedar waxwing, flycatcher, ruffed grouse, veery, woodcock, yellow-warbler; chipmunk, deer, muskrat, squirrel, snowshoe hare Food: Bark, twigs, buds |
Pussy Willow | Salix discolor | Medium-Large Up to 15' | Fast | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, streambanks, lakeshores | Wildlife: American goldfinch, ruffed grouse; beaver, hare, rabbits, squirrel Food: Buds, catkins, twigs, bark |
Raspberry | Rubus idaeus | Small Up to 6' | Fast | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Thickets, edges of woods | Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Food: Fruits |
Red Osier Dogwood | Cornus stolonifera | Small-Medium 4-8' | Fast | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Rich woods, streambanks, lakeshores | Wildlife: Bluebird, brown thrasher, cardinal, catbird, cedar waxwing, downy woodpecker, eastern kingbird, finches, northern flicker, pine warbler, purple finch, ringed-neck pheasant, ruffed grouse, vireo, wild turkey, woodpeckers, wood duck; chipmunk, deer, rabbit, squirrel Food: Berries, twigs |
Rhodora | Rhododendron canadense | Small 3-4' | Slow | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Bogs, slopes, rocky summits | Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Food: Leaves |
Shadbush (Serviceberry/Juneberry) | Amelanchier spp. | Large 15-25' | Slow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry, Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, floodplains, streambanks, rich woods | Wildlife: Bluebird, brown thrasher, cardinal, catbird, cedar waxwing, gray catbird, junco, orioles, red squirrel, robin, ruffed grouse, scarlet tanager, thrushes, veery, woodpeckers; beaver, deer, red squirrel, skunk Food: Berries, twigs |
Silky Dogwood | Cornus amomum | Medium 6-10' | Fast | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry, Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, streambanks | Wildlife: Baltimore oriole, black-capped chickadee, blue jay, brown thrasher, cardinal, catbird, cedar waxwing, downy woodpecker, eastern kingbird, flycatcher, mockingbird, northern flicker, pine warbler, purple finch, red-bellied woodpecker, ringed-necl pheasant, robin, rose-breasted grosbeak, ruffed grouse, song sparrow, starlings, tufted-titmouse, wild turkey, wood duck, wood thrush, veery; chipmunk, deer, rabbit, raccoon, skunk, squirrel, white-footed mouse Food: Berries, buds, twigs |
Speckled Alder | Alnus rugosa | Large 15-25' | Fast | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, streambanks, lakeshores | Wildlife: Alder flycatcher, catbird, goldfinch, mallards, pheasant, pine siskin, red-winged blackbird, ruffed grouse, swamp sparrow, yellow-bellied flycatcher, woodcock; bear, beaver, deer, cottontail, moose, muskrat, snowshoe hare Food: Buds, twigs, bark, leaves |
Spicebush | Lindera benzoin | Small-Large 6-17' | Moderate | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, rich woods | Wildlife: Catbird, kingbird, pheasant, quail, robin, ruffed grouse, veery, vireo, wood thrush; swallowtail butterflies; deer, muskrat Food: Fruit, buds, twigs, leaves |
Swamp Azalea | Rhododendron viscosum | Up to 5' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, rich woods | Wildlife: Hummingbird; butterflies and other insects; deer Food: Leaves, nectar |
Swamp Blackberry | Rubus hispidus | Small Up to 6' | Slow | Full/Part Shade | Dry or Moist | Shrub and forested wetlands, rich woods | Wildlife: Blue jay, brown thrasher, cardinal, cedar waxwing, grackle, gray catbird, grosbeak, mockingbird, oriole tanager, ring-necked pheasant, robin, ruffed grouse, rufus-sided thrushes, towhee, veery, wild turkey, woodcock, woodpeckers, wood thrush; chipmunk, cottontail, deer, raccoon, skunk, squirrel Food: Fruit, canes |
Sweet Gale | Myrica gale | Small 1-4' | Slow | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, lakeshores, streambanks | Wildlife: Black-capped chickadee, catbird, common yellowthroat, phoebe, pied-billed grebe, ruffed grouse, tree swallow, tufted titmouse, wild turkey; deer, muskrat Food: Buds, leaves |
Sweet Pepperbush | Clethra alnifolia | Medium 3-10' | Moderate | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, lakeshores, streambanks | Wildlife: Butterflies and other insects Food: Fruit, seeds, nectar |
Winterberry Holly (Black Alder) | Ilex verticillata | Medium 6-10' | Slow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, lakeshores, streamabanks | Wildlife: Cardinal, catbird, cedar waxwing, chickadees, finches, flickers, ruffed grouse, thrushes, vireo, woodpeckers; bear, cottontail, deer, moose, skunk, white-footed mouse Food: Berries, twigs, leaves |
Witch Hazel | Hammamelis virginiana | Large 20-30' | Slow | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist | Dry or rich woods | Wildlife: Cardinal, ring-necked pheasant, ruffed grouse, wild turkey; deer, squirrels Food: Seeds, buds, twigs, bark |
Common Name(s) | Latin Name | Height | Light Preference | Soil Preference | Habitat | Associated Birds & Mammals (Cover, Nesting or Food) & Food Value |
Groundcover/Herbaceous Perennials | ||||||
Boneset | Eupatorium perfoliatum | 4-6' | Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Wet meadows, marshes, pond edges | Wildlife: Mallards, ruffed grouse, swamp sparrow, wild turkey; butterflies and other insects Food: Nectar |
Blue Flag Iris | Iris versicolor | 2-3' | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Marshes, lakeshores, streambanks | Wildlife: Blue-winged teal, ruby-throated hummingbird, wood duck; butterflies and other insects; muskrat Food: Nectar, shoots |
Bunchberry | Cornus canadensis | 3-8" | Full/Part Shade | Moist | Cool, moist woods | Wildlife: Sharp-tailed grouse, spruce-grouse; moose Food: Fruit, buds |
Cardinal Flower | Lobelia cardinalis | 2-4' | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Damp sites, streambanks | Wildlife: Ruby-throated hummingbirds; butterflies and other insects; bear, deer Food: Nectar |
Cattail (Broad-Leaf) | Typha latifolia | Up to 10' | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Marshes, lakeshores, streambanks | Wildlife: Blue-winged teal, black-crowned night heron, red-winged blackbird, king rail, least and American bittern, mallards, marsh wren, swamp sparrow, Virginia rail; chipmunk, deer, muskrat Food: Seed heads |
Christmas Fern | Polystichium acrostichoides | Up to 1' | Full/Part Shade | Moist | Rich woods | Wildlife: Ruffed grouse; box turtle, chipmunk, rabbit Food: Fronds, filldeheads |
Cinnamon Fern | Osmunda cinnamomea | Up to 3' | Full/Part Shade | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands | Wildlife: Brown thrasher, ruby-throated hummingbird, ruffed grouse, yellow throat; chipmunk, deer, white-footed mouse, vole Food: Fronds, filldeheads |
Foamflower | Tiarella cordifolia | Up to 1' | Full/Part Shade | Moist | Rich woods | Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Food: Leaves |
Goldenrod (Rough or Grass-Leaved) | Solidago spp. | 1-5' | Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Wet meadows, marshes, damp swales | Wildlife: Goldfinch, junco, ruffed grouse, swamp sparrow; butterflies and other insects; cottontail, meadow mice Food: Seeds, nectar |
Hay-Scented Fern | Dennstaedtia punctiloula | Up to 2' | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist | Woodlands, hillside pastures | Wildlife: Mammals Food: Fronds, filldeheads |
Interrupted Fern | Osmunda punctiloula | 3-4' | Full/Part Shade | Moist | Woodland edges, stony dry soil | Wildlife: Mammals Food:Fronds, filldeheads |
Jewelweed (Spotted-Touch-Me-Not) | Impatiens capensis | 2-5' | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands, streambanks | Wildlife: Ring-necked pheasant, ruffed grouse, ruby-throated hummingbird, veery; butterflies and other insects; white-footed mouse Food: Nectar, seeds |
Joe Pye Weed | Eupatorium purpureum | 2-6' | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Wet meadows, marshes, shores | Wildlife: Ruby-throated hummingbird, swamp sparrow; butterflies and other insects; cottontail, muskrat, raccoon Food: Nectar |
New England Aster | Aster novae-angliae | Up to 5' | Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Wet meadows, wetlands | Wildlife: Songbirds; butterflies and other insects Food: Nectar, seeds |
Ostrich Fern | Pteretis pensylvanica | Up to 6' | Full/Part Shade | Shrub and forested wetlands | Wildlife: Mammals Food: Fronds, fiddleheads | |
Partridgeberry | Mitchella repens | Up to 1' | Full/Part Shade | Dry or Moist | Rich woods | Wildlife: Grouse, mammals Food: Berries |
Rattlesnake Manna Grass | Glyceria canadensis | Up to 3' | Full Sun | Moist | Marshes, bogs, forested wetlands, lakeshores | Wildlife: Songbirds and mammals Food: Seeds |
Rice Cutgrass | Leersia oryzoides | Up to 5' | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Primarily fresh marshes | Wildlife: Deer, muskrat, moose Food: Seeds, foliage |
Riverbank Grape (Vine) | Vistis riparia | Up to 25' | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist | Streambanks | Wildlife: Pileated woodpecker, ruffed grouse, wild turkey, wood duck; various mammals Food: Fruit |
Royal Fern | Osmunda regalis | Up to 5' | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands | Wildlife: Mammals Food: Fronds, fiddleheads |
Sensitive Fern | Onoclea sensibilis | Up to 3' | Full/Part Shade | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forested wetlands | Wildlife: Black-capped chickadee, ruffed grouse; bear, deer Food: Buds, foliage |
Sheep Laurel | Kalmia angustifolia | Up to 4' | Fall/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry, Moist, Flood Tolerant | Shrub and forest wetlands, fields/pastures | Poisonous to livestock. |
Swamp Milkweed | Asclepias incarnata | Up to 2' | Fall/Part Shade | Moist | Wet meadows, wetlands, thickets, shores | Wildlife: Black duck, mallards, red-winged blackbird, ruby-throated hummingbird; Monarch butterfly, other butterflies and insects; muskrat Food: Nectar, seeds |
Sweet Fern | Componia perigrina | 1-3' | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry | Open, dry sandy soils and pastures | Wildlife:Flickers, sharp-tailed grouse; deer, moose Food: Fruit |
Tall Meadow Rue | Thalictrum polyganum | 2-8' | Full/Part Shade | Moist | Wetlands, wet meadows, streamsides | Wildlife: Bees, butterflies Food: Nectar |
Tussock Sedge | Carex stricta | Up to 4" | Full Sun | Moist, Flood Tolerant | Marshes, rich woods | Wildlife: Finches, ruffed grouse, snipe, sparrows; deer Food: Seeds, foliage |
Twinflower | Linnaea borealis | Up to 6" | Full/Part Shade | Moist | Rich woods | Wildlife: Mammals Food: Foliage |
Virginia Creeper (Vine) | Parthenocissus quinquefolia | Up to 25' | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Woods, rocky banks | Wildlife: Bluebird, great-crested flycatcher, red-eyes vireo, pileated woodpecker Food: Berries |
Whorled Loosestrife | Lysimachia quadrifolia | Up to 4' | Full/Part Shade or Full Sun | Dry or Moist | Dry or moist open woods, thickets | Wildlife: Mammals Food: Foliage |
Wild Sarsaparilla | Aralia nudicanlis | 8-15" | Full/Part Shade | Dry or Moist | Upland woods | Wildlife: Mammals Food: Foliage, seeds, berries |
Wintergreen (Teaberry/Checkerberry) | Gaultheria procumbens | Up to 4" | Full Sun | Dry | Oak woods, sandy soils | Wildlife: Partridge,ruffed grouse, songbirds; chipmunk, deer, moose Food: Fruit, foliage |
N.H. Admin. Code Env, Env-Wq, ch. Env-Wq 1400, app D