10-144-200 Me. Code R. § 1-2

Current through 2025-03, January 15, 2025

Section 144-200-1-2 - DEFINITIONS

1-201 Applicability and Terms Defined

1-201.10 Statement of Application and Listing of Terms.

(A) The following definitions apply in the interpretation and application of this Code.

(B) Terms Defined. As used in this Code, each of the terms listed in Section 1-201.10(B) shall have the meaning stated below.

(1)Accredited program.

(a) "Accredited program" means a food protection manager certification program that has been evaluated and listed by an accrediting agency as conforming to national standards for organizations that certify individuals.

(b) "Accredited program" refers to the certification process and is a designation based upon an independent evaluation of factors such as the sponsor's mission; organizational structure; staff resources; revenue sources; policies; public information regarding program scope, eligibility requirements, re-certification, discipline and grievance procedures; and test development and administration.

(c) "Accredited program" does not refer to training functions or educational programs.

(2)Additive.

(a) "Food additive" has the meaning stated in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, §201(s) (2006 Edition, Supplement 3 current through January 5, 2010) and 21 CFR §170.3(e)(1) (April 1, 2012 ed.).

(b) "Color additive" has the meaning stated in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, §201(t) ((2006 Edition, Supplement 3 current through January 5, 2010)) and 21 CFR §70.3(f) (April 1, 2012 ed.).

(3) "Adulterated" has the meaning stated in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, §402 (2006 Edition, Supplement 3 current through January 5, 2010) and as provided in 22 M.R.S.§2156 (Amended2009)).

(4) "Approved" means acceptable to the Regulatory Authority based on a determination of conformity with principles, practices, and generally recognized standards that protect public health.

(5) "a _w " means water activity which is a measure of the free moisture in a Food, is the quotient of the water vapor pressure of the substance divided by the vapor pressure of pure water at the same temperature, and is indicated by the symbol a_w.

(6) "Balut" means an embryo inside a fertile egg that has been incubated for a period sufficient for the embryo to reach a specific stage of development after which it is removed from incubation before hatching.

(7) "Bed and Breakfast" is a unique Eating Establishment where the general public can stay overnight, and are provided with a "limited menu," serving only a breakfast meal. This meal can be either a full or continental breakfast. Unlike other Eating Establishments, the meal is prepared in the private home. Notwithstanding 22 M.R.S. §2501 (Amended 2011), all Bed and Breakfasts, regardless of the number of rooms rented, are subject to Departmental licensing requirements by these Rules.

(8) "Beverage" means a liquid for drinking, including water.

(9) "Bottled drinking water" means water that is sealed in bottles, packages, or other containers and offered for sale for human consumption, including bottled mineral water.

(10) "Bulk Food" Processed or unprocessed food in aggregate containers from which quantities desired by the consumer are withdrawn.

(11) "Casing" means a tubular container for sausage products made of either natural or artificial (synthetic) material.

(12) "Certification number" means a unique combination of letters and numbers assigned by a Fish Control Authority to a Molluscan Fish Dealer according to the provisions of the National Shellfish Sanitation Program.

(13) "Certified Food Protection Manager"means a person who is employed or engaged by the management of that Establishment with the authority to implement food protection measures, and who meets the certification requirements of Maine's Rules Relating to the Administration and Enforcement of Establishments Licensed by the Health Inspection Program, 10-144 CMR 201, Section 2(A) (Amended October 7, 2012).

(14) "CFR" means Code of Federal Regulations. Citations in this Code to the CFR refer sequentially to the Title, Part, and Section numbers, such as 40 CFR 180.194 refers to Title 40, Part 180, Section 194. "Code of Federal Regulations" means the compilation of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the federal government which:

(a) Is published annually by the U.S. Government Printing Office; and

(b) Contains FDA rules in 21 CFR, USDA rules in 7 CFR and 9 CFR, EPA rules in 40 CFR, and Wildlife and Fisheries rules in 50 CFR.

(c) If the CFR citations in this Code do not have a date, or has a date earlier than 2012, then the version incorporated by reference in this Food Code is the 2012 version. The CFR is available free on the internet at a number of websites by searching the citation.

(15)CIP

(a) "CIP" means cleaned in place by the circulation or flowing by mechanical means through a piping system of a detergent solution, water rinse, and sanitizing solution onto or over equipment surfaces that require cleaning, such as the method used, in part, to clean and sanitize a frozen dessert machine.

(b) "CIP" does not include the cleaning of equipment, such as band saws, slicers, or mixers that are subjected to in-place manual cleaning without the use of a CIP system.

(16) "Commingle" means

(a) To combine Stock harvested on different days or from different growing areas as identified on the tag or label, or

(b) To combine shucked fish from containers with different container codes or different shucking dates.

(17) Comminuted.

(a) "Comminuted" means reduced in size by methods including chopping, flaking, grinding, or mincing.

(b) "Comminuted" includes fish or meat products that are reduced in size and restructured or reformulated such as gefilte fish, gyros, ground beef, and sausage; and a mixture of 2 or more types of meat that have been reduced in size and combined, such as sausages made from 2 or more meats.

(18) "Conditional Employee" means a potential Food Employee to whom a job offer is made, conditional on responses to subsequent medical questions or examinations designed to identify potential Food Employees who may be suffering from a disease that can be transmitted through food and done in compliance with Title 1 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (Amended January 1, 2009).

(19) "Confirmed disease outbreak" means a Foodborne Disease Outbreak in which laboratory analysis of appropriate specimens identifies a causative agent and epidemiological analysis implicates the food as the source of the illness.

(20) "Consumer" means a person who is a member of the public, takes possession of food, is not functioning in the capacity of an operator of a Food or Eating Establishment or Food Processing Plant, and does not offer the food for resale.

(21) "Corrosion-resistant material" means a material that maintains acceptable surface cleanability characteristics under prolonged influence of the food to be contacted, the normal use of cleaning compounds and sanitizing solutions, and other conditions of the use environment.

(22) "Counter-mounted equipment" means equipment that is not portable and is designed to be mounted off the floor on a table, counter, or shelf.

(23) "Critical control point" means a point or procedure in a specific food system where loss of control may result in an unacceptable health risk.

(24) "Critical limit" means the maximum or minimum value to which a physical, biological, or chemical parameter must be controlled at a Critical Control Point to minimize the risk that the identified food safety hazard may occur.

(25) Critical Item.

(a) "Critical item" means a provision of this Code, that, if in noncompliance, is more likely than other violations to contribute to Food contamination, illness, or environmental health Hazard.

(b) "Critical item" is an item that is denoted in this Code with an asterisk *.

(26)"Cut leafy greens" means fresh leafy greens whose leaves have been cut, shredded, sliced, chopped, or torn. The term "leafy greens" includes iceberg lettuce, romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce, butter lettuce, baby leaf lettuce (i.e., immature lettuce or leafy greens), escarole, endive, spring mix, spinach, cabbage, kale, arugula and chard. The term "leafy greens" does not include herbs such as cilantro or parsley.

(27) "Dealer" means a Person who is authorized by a Fish Control Authority for the activities of stock shipper, shucker-packer, repacker, reshipper, or depuration processor of molluscan fish according to the provisions of the National Fish Sanitation Program.

(28) "Disclosure" means a written statement that clearly identifies the animal-derived foods which are, or can be ordered, raw, undercooked, or without otherwise being processed to eliminate pathogens, or items that contain an ingredient that is raw, undercooked, or without otherwise being processed to eliminate pathogens.

(29)Drinking Water.

(a) "Drinking water" means water that meets criteria as specified in 40 CFR 141 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (Amended July 1, 2012), 10-144 CMR Chapter 231 State of Maine Rules Relating to Drinking Water(Amended Feb 27, 2012), and Maine's Water for Human Consumption Act, 22 M.R.S.,Chapter 601 (1975, Amended 2011).

(b) "Drinking water" is traditionally known as "potable water."

(c) "Drinking water" includes the term "water" except where the term used connotes that the water is not potable, such as "boiler water," "mop water," "rainwater," "wastewater," and "nondrinking" water.

(30) "Dry storage area" means a room or area designated for the storage of packaged or containerized bulk food that is not Potentially Hazardous (Time/Temperature Control For Safety Food) and dry goods such as Single-Service items.

(31)Easily Cleanable.

(a) "Easily cleanable" means a characteristic of a surface that:

(i) Allows effective removal of soil by normal cleaning methods;

(ii) Is dependent on the material, design, construction, and installation of the surface; and

(iii) Varies with the likelihood of the surface's role in introducing pathogenic or toxigenic agents or other contaminants into Food based on the surface's approved placement, purpose, and use.

(b) "Easily cleanable" includes a tiered application of the criteria that qualify the surface as Easily Cleanable as specified under Subparagraph (a) of this definition to different situations in which varying degrees of cleanability are required such as:

(i) The appropriateness of stainless steel for a food preparation surface as opposed to the lack of need for stainless steel to be used for floors or for tables used for consumer dining; or

(ii) The need for a different degree of cleanability for a utilitarian attachment or accessory in the kitchen as opposed to a decorative attachment or accessory in the consumer dining area.

(32) "Easily movable" means:

(a) Portable; mounted on casters, gliders, or rollers; or provided with a mechanical means to safely tilt a unit of equipment for cleaning; and

(b)Having no utility connection, a utility connection that disconnects quickly, or a flexible utility connection line of sufficient length to allow the equipment to be moved for cleaning of the equipment and adjacent area.

(33)Eating Establishment means:

Any place where food or drink is prepared and served, or served to the public for consumption on the premises, or catering establishments or establishments dispensing food from vending machines, or establishments preparing food for vending machines dispensing foods other than in original sealed packages, such as hotels, motels, boarding homes, restaurants, mobile eating places, coffee shops, cafeterias, short order cafes, luncheonettes, grills, tearooms, sandwich shops, soda fountains, bars, cocktail lounges, night clubs, roadside stands, industrial feeding establishments, private or public institutions routinely serving foods, retail frozen dairy product establishments, airports, parks, theaters, take-outs, or any other catering or non-alcoholic drinking establishments or operations where food is prepared and served or served for consumption on the premises, or catering establishments where food is prepared.

(34) Egg.

(a) "Egg" means the shell egg of avian species such as chicken, duck, goose, guinea, quail, ratites or turkey.

(b) "Egg"does not include:

1. A Balut;

2. The egg of reptile species such as alligator; or

3. An egg product

(35) Egg Product.

"Egg Product" means all, or a portion of, the contents found inside eggs separated from the shell and pasteurized in a Food Processing Plant, with or without added ingredients, intended for human consumption, such as dried, frozen or liquid eggs.

i."Egg Product" does not include Food which contains Eggs only in a relatively small proportion, such as cake mixes.

(36) "Employee" means the Permit Holder, Person in Charge, Food Employee, Person, having supervisory or management duties, person on the payroll, family member, volunteer, person performing work under contractual agreement, or other person working in a Food or Eating Establishment. Volunteers providing services in a Food or Eating Establishment are subject to the same standards as other Employees.

(37) "Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli" (EHEC) means E. coli which cause hemorrhagic colitis, meaning bleeding enterically or bleeding from the intestine. The term is typically used in association with E. coli that have the capacity to produce Shiga toxins and to cause attaching and effacing lesions in the intestine. EHEC is a subset of STEC, whose members produce additional virulence factors. Infections with EHEC may be asymptomatic but are classically associated with bloody diarrhea (hemorrhagiccolitis) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Examples of serotypes of EHEC include: E. coli O157:H7; E. coli O157:NM; E. coliO26:H11; E. coliO145:NM; E. coli O103:H2; or E. coli O111:NM. Also see Shiga Toxin- Producing E. coli

(38) "EPA" means the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

(39)Equipment.

(a) "Equipment" means an article that is used in the operation of a Food or Eating Establishment, such as a freezer, grinder, hood, ice maker, meat block, mixer, oven, reach-in refrigerator, scale, sink, slicer, stove, table, temperature measuring device for ambient air, vending machine, or warewashing machine.

(b) "Equipment" does not include apparatuses or items used for handling or storing large quantities of Packaged Foods that are received from a supplier in a cased or overwrapped lot, such as hand trucks, forklifts, dollies, pallets, racks, and skids.

(40) "Exclude" means to prevent a person from working as an Employee in a Food or Eating Establishment or entering a Food or Eating Establishment as an Employee.

(41) "FDA" means the United States Food and Drug Administration.

(42) Fish.

(a) "Fish" means fresh or saltwater finfish, crustaceans and other forms of aquatic life (including alligator, frog, aquatic turtle, jellyfish, sea cucumber, and sea urchin and the roe of such animals) other than birds or mammals, and all mollusks, if such animal life is intended for human consumption.

(b) "Fish" includes an edible human Food product derived in whole or in part from Fish, including Fish that have been processed in any manner.

(43) "Food" means a raw, cooked, or processed edible substance, ice,beverage, or ingredient used or intended for use or for sale in whole or in part for human consumption, or chewing gum.

(44) "Foodborne Disease Outbreak" means the occurrence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of a common food.

(45) "Food-contact surface" means:

(a)A surface of equipment or a Utensil with which Food normally comes into contact; or

(b)A surface of Equipment or a Utensil from which Foodmay drain, drip, or splash:

(i) Into a Food, or

(ii) Onto a surface normally in contact with Food.

(46) "Food Employee" means an individual working with unpackaged Food, Food Equipment or Utensils, or Food-Contact Surfaces.

(47)"Food Establishment"means a factory, plant, warehouse or store in which food and food products are manufactured, processed, packed, held for introduction into commerce or sold. "Food establishment" includes a primary caregiver, as defined in 22 M.R.S. §2422(8-A) (New 2011) and a registered dispensary, as defined in 22 M.R.S. §2422(6) (New 2011), that prepare food containing marijuana for medical use by a qualifying patient pursuant to 22 M.R.S., Chapter 558-C (New 2009). The following establishments are not considered food establishments required to be licensed under 22 M.R.S. § 2167 (Amended 2011):

(a) Eating establishments, as defined in 22 M.R.S. §2491(7) (Amended 2011) and within this Code;

(b) Fish and shellfish processing establishments inspected under 12 M.R.S. §§6101 (Amended 2011), 6102 (Amended 1981) or 6856 (Amended 2011);

(c) Storage facilities for native produce;

(d) Establishments such as farm stands and farmers' markets primarily selling fresh produce not including dairy and meat products;

(e) Establishments engaged in the washing, cleaning or sorting of whole produce, provided the produce remains in essentially the same condition as when harvested. The whole produce may be packaged for sale, provided that packaging is not by a vacuum packaging process or a modified atmosphere packaging process;

(f)

Establishments that are engaged in the drying of single herbs that are generally recognized as safe under 21 CFR §§182 - 189 (Amended September 2011). The single herbs may be packaged for sale, provided that packaging is not by a vacuum packaging process or a modified atmosphere packaging process; and

(g)

A primary caregiver, as defined in 22 M.R.S. §2422(8-A) (New 2011), conducting an activity allowed in 22 M.R.S. §2423-A (New 2011) for a qualifying patient who is a member of the family, as defined in 22 M.R.S.§2422 (5-A) (New 2011), or member of the household, as defined in 22 M.R.S.§2422(5-B) (New 2011), of the primary caregiver.

(48)Food Processing Plant.

(a) "Food processing plant " means a commercial operation that manufactures, packages, labels, or stores Food for human consumption and provides food for sale or distribution to other business entities such as Food Processing Plants or Food Establishments and does not provide Food directly to a Consumer.

(b) "Food processing plant" does not include a Food Establishment as defined under Subparagraph 1-201.10(B).

(49)Game Animal

(a) "Game animal" means an animal, the products of which are Food, that is not classified as livestock, cattle, sheep, swine, goat, horse, mule, or other equine in 9 CFR 301.2 Definitions, Subchapter A - Mandatory Meat Inspection (January 1, 2013 ed.), as Poultry in 9 CFR 381, Subchapter C - Mandatory Poultry Products Inspection, or as fish, defined under Subparagraph 1-201.10(B) (January 1, 2013 ed.).

(b) "Game animal" includes mammals such as reindeer, elk, deer, antelope, water buffalo, bison, rabbit, squirrel, opossum, raccoon, nutria, or muskrat, and nonaquatic reptiles such as land snakes.

(c) "Game animal" does not include ratites, such as ostrich, emu, and rhea.

(50) "General use pesticide" means a pesticide that is not classified by EPA for restricted use as specified in 40 CFR 152.175 (Revised July 2011).

(51) "Grade A standards" means the requirements of the United States Public Health Service/FDA "Grade A Pasteurized Milk Ordinance" with which certain fluid and dry milk and milk products comply.

(52)Group Residence.

(a) "Group residence" means a private or public housing corporation or institutional facility that provides living quarters and meals.

(b) "Group residence" includes a domicile for unrelated Persons such as a retirement home or a long-term health care facility.

(53) "Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) " means a systematic evaluation of food preparation procedures to identify opportunities for bacterial contamination and growth. From this perspective, a public health inspector may then determine those circumstances which could result in the development of food-borne diseases.

(54) "HACCP plan" means a written document that delineates the formal procedures for following the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point principles developed by The National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods.

(55) Handwashing Sink.

(a) "Handwashing sink" means a lavatory, a basin or vessel for washing, a wash basin, or a Plumbing Fixture especially placed for use in personal hygiene and designed for the washing of the hands.

(b) "Handwashing sink" includes an automatic handwashing facility.

(56) "Hazard" means a biological, chemical, or physical property that may cause an unacceptable Consumer health risk.

(57) "Health Inspector" means a person whose education and experience in the biological and sanitary sciences qualify him/her to engage in the promotion and protection of the public health. A health inspector applies technical knowledge to solve problems of a sanitary nature and develops methods and carries out procedures for those factors of man's environment which affect health, safety and the well-being of others.

(58) "Health practitioner" means a physician licensed to practice medicine, or if allowed by Law, a nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or similar medical professional.

(59) "Hermetically sealed container" means a container that is designed and intended to be secure against the entry of microorganisms and, in the case of low acid canned Foods, to maintain the commercial sterility of its contents after processing.

(60) "Highly susceptible population" means a group of Persons who are more likely than other people in the general population to experience foodborne disease because they are:

(a) Immunocompromised; preschool age children, or older adults; and

(b) Obtaining Food at a facility that provides services such as custodial care, or older adults and in a facility that provides health care or assisted living services, such as a child or adult day carecenter, kidney dialysis center, hospital or nursing home; or nutritional or socialization services, such as a senior center.

(61) "Imminent health hazard" means a significant threat or danger to health that is considered to exist when there is evidence sufficient to show that a product, practice, circumstance, or event creates a situation that requires immediate correction or cessation of operation to prevent injury based on:

(a)The number of potential injuries, and

(b)The nature, severity, and duration of the anticipated injury.

Imminent Health Hazard includes, but is not limited to, the following:

(1) an extended loss of water supply,

(2) an extended power outage,

(3) flood water or sewer back-up into the establishment,

(4) fire, or

(5) any other violation(s) that has/have the potential to pose an imminent threat to public health.

Failure to include other violations in this definition shall not be construed as a determination that other violations may not, in light of the circumstances, be found to pose an imminent health hazard.

(62) "Injected" means manipulating a Meatto which a solution has been introduced into its interior by processes that are referred to as "injecting," "pump marinating" "pinning," or "stitch pumping."

(63) Juice

(a) "Juice", when used in the context of Food safety, means the aqueous liquid expressed or extracted from one or more fruits or vegetables, purées of the edible portions of one or more fruits or vegetables, or any concentrates of such liquid or purée.

(b) "Juice" does not include, for purposes of HACCP, liquids, purees, or concentrates that are not used as Beverages or ingredients of Beverages.

(64) "Kitchenware" means food preparation and storage Utensils.

(65) "Law" means applicable local, state, and federal statutes, regulations, and ordinances.

(66) "Linens" means fabric items such as cloth hampers, cloth napkins, table cloths, wiping cloths, and work garments including cloth gloves.

(67) Major Food Allergen.

(a) "Major food allergen" means:

i. Milk, Egg, Fish (such as bass, flounder, cod, and including crustacean fish such as crab, lobster, or shrimp), tree nuts (such as almonds, pecans, or walnuts), wheat, peanuts, and soybeans; or

ii. A Food ingredient that contains protein derived from a Food, as specified in Subparagraph (a)(i) of this definition.

(b) "Major food allergen" does not include:

i. Any highly refined oil derived from a Food specified in Subparagraph (a)(i) of this definition and any ingredient derived from such highly refined oil; or

ii. Any ingredient that is exempt under the petition or notification process specified in the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 at 21 U.S.C. § 31 et. seq.

(68) "Meat" means the flesh of animals used as Food including the dressed flesh of cattle, swine, sheep, or goats and other edible animals, except fish, poultry, and wild game animals, as specified under Subparagraphs 3-201.17.

(69) Mechanically Tenderized.

(a) "Mechanically tenderized" means manipulating meat with deep penetration by processes which may be referred to as "blade tenderizing," "jaccarding," "pinning," "needling," or using blades, pins, needles or any mechanical device.

(b) "Mechanically tenderized" does not include processes by which solutions are injected into meat.

(70) "mg/L" means milligrams per liter, which is the metric equivalent of parts per million (ppm).

(71) "Molluscan Shellfish" means any edible species of fresh or frozen oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops or edible portions thereof, except when the scallop product consists only of the shucked adductor muscle.

(72) Non-Continuous Cooking.

(a) "Non-continuous cooking" means the cooking of Food in a Food or Eating Establishment, using a process in which the initial heating of the Food is intentionally halted so that it may be cooled and held for complete cooking at a later time prior to sale or service.

(b) "Non-continuous cooking" does not include cooking procedures that only involve temporarily interrupting or slowing an otherwise continuous cooking process.

(73) Packaged.

(a) "Packaged" means bottled, canned, cartoned, securely bagged, or securely wrapped, whether packaged in a Food Establishment or a Food Processing Plant.

(b) "Packaged" does not include a wrapper, carry-out box, or other nondurable container used to containerize Food with the purpose of facilitating Food protection during service and receipt of the Food by the Consumer.

(74) "Permit" means the license issued by the Regulatory Authority that authorizes a Person to operate a Food Establishment.

(75) "Permit holder" means the entity that:

(a) Is legally responsible for the operation of the Food or Eating Establishment such as the owner, the owner's agent, or other Person; and

(b) Possesses a valid Permit to operate a Food or Eating Establishment.

(76) "Person" means an association, a corporation, individual, partnership, other legal entity, government, or governmental subdivision or agency.

(77) "Person in charge" means the individual present at a Food or Eating Establishment who is responsible for the operation at the time of inspection.

(78)Personal Care Items.

(a) "Personal care items" means items or substances that may be poisonous, toxic, or a source of contamination and are used to maintain or enhance a Person's health, hygiene, or appearance.

(b) "Personal care items" include items such as medicines; first aid supplies; and other items such as cosmetics, and toiletries such as toothpaste and mouthwash.

(79) "pH" means the symbol for the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, which is a measure of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution. Values between 0 and 7 indicate acidity and values between 7 and 14 indicate alkalinity. The value for pure distilled water is 7, which is considered neutral.

(80) "Physical facilities" means the structure and interior surfaces of a Food or Eating Establishment, including accessories, such as soap and towel dispensers, and attachments such as light fixtures and heating or air conditioning system vents.

(81) "Plumbing fixture" means a receptacle or device that:

(a) Is permanently or temporarily connected to the water distribution system of the Premises and demands a supply of water from the system; or

(b) Discharges used water, waste materials, or Sewage directly or indirectly to the drainage system of the Premises.

(82) "Plumbing system" means the water supply and distribution pipes; Plumbing Fixtures and traps; soil, waste, and vent pipes; sanitary and storm sewers and building drains, including their respective connections, devices, and appurtenances within the Premises; and water-treating Equipment.

(83) "Poisonous or toxic materials" means substances that are not intended for ingestion and are included in 4 categories:

(a) Cleaners and Sanitizers, which include cleaning and Sanitizing agents and agents such as caustics, acids, drying agents, polishes, and other chemicals;

(b) Pesticides, except Sanitizers, which include substances such as insecticides and rodenticides;

(c) Substances necessary for the operation and maintenance of the establishment such as nonfood grade lubricants and Personal Care Items that may be deleterious to health; and

(d)Substances that are not necessary for the operation and maintenance of the establishment and are on the Premises for retail sale, such as petroleum products and paints.

(84)Potentially Hazardous Food.(Time/Temperature Control for Safety Food)

(a) "Potentially hazardous food (time/temperature control for safety food) "means a Food that requires time/temperature control for safety (TCS) to limit pathogenic microorganism growth or toxin formation.

(b) "Potentially hazardous food(Time/Temperature Control for Safety Food)includes:

(i) An animal Food or any food that consists in whole, or in part, of milk or milk products, eggs, meat, poultry, shellfish, fish, edible crustacea, or their ingredients, including synthetic ingredients that is raw or heat-treated; a plant Food that is heat-treated or consists of raw seed sprouts, cut melons, cut leafy greens, cut tomatoes or mixtures of cut tomatoes that are not modified in a way so that they are unable to support pathogenic microorganism growth or toxin formation, or garlic-in-oil mixtures that are not modified in a way so that they are unable to support pathogenic microorganism growth or toxin formation;

(ii) Except as specified in Subparagraph (c)(iv) of this definition, a Food that because of the interaction of its AW and PH values is designated as Product Assessment Required (PA) in Table A or B of this definition:

Table A. Interaction of PH and A_W for control of spores in Food heat-treated to destroy vegetative cells and subsequently Packaged
A _Wvalues	PH values
A _Wvalues	4.6 or less	> 4.6 - 5.6	> 5.6
[LESS THAN =]8804;0.92	non-PHF/non-TCS FOOD*	non-PHF/non-TCS FOOD	non-PHF/non-TCS FOOD
>0.92 - .95	non-PHF/non-TCS FOOD	non-PHF/non-TCS FOOD	PA***
>0.95	non-PHF/non-TCS FOOD	PA	PA
* PHF means POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS FOOD TCS FOOD means TIME/TEMPERATURE CONTROL FOR SAFETY FOOD * PA means Product Assessment required
Table B. Interaction of PH and A _W for control of vegetative cells and spores in FOOD not heat-treated or heat-treated but not PACKAGED
A_W values	PH values
A_W values	<4.2	4.2 - 4.6	>4.6 - 5.0	>5.0
<0.88	non-PHF/ non-TCS food*	non-PHF/ non-TCS food	non-PHF/ non-TCS food	non-PHF/ non-TCS food
0.88 - 0.90	non-PHF/ non-TCS food	non-PHF/ non-TCS food	non-PHF/ non-TCS food	PA***
>0.90 - 0.92	non-PHF/ non-TCS food	non-PHF/ non-TCS food	PA	PA
>0.92	non-PHF/ non-TCS food	PA	PA	PA
* PHF means POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS FOOD TCS FOOD means TIME/TEMPERATURE CONTROL FOR SAFETY FOOD * PA means Product Assessment required

(c) "Potentially hazardous food (time/temperature control for safety food) " does not include:

(i)An air-cooled hard-boiled egg with shell intactor an Egg with shell intact that is not hard-boiled, but has been pasteurized to destroy all viable salmonellae;

(ii) A Food, in an unopened Hermetically Sealed Container, that is commercially processed to achieve and maintain commercial sterility under conditions of nonrefrigerated storage and distribution;

(iii)A Food that because of its PH or A_W value, or interaction of A_W and PH values, is designated as a non-PHF/non-TCS Food in Table A or B of this definition;

(iv)

A Food that is designated as Product Assessment Required (PA) in Table A or B of this definition and has undergone a Product Assessment showing that the growth or toxin formation of pathogenic microorganisms that are reasonably likely to occur in that Food is precluded due to:

a.Intrinsic factors including added or natural characteristics of the Food such as preservatives, antimicrobials, humectants, acidulants, or nutrients,

b.Extrinsic factors including environmental or operational factors that affect the Food such as packaging, modified atmosphere such as Reduced Oxygen Packaging, shelf life and use, or temperature range of storage and use, or

c.A combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors; or

(v)A Food that does not support the growth or toxin formation of pathogenic microorganisms in accordance with one of the Subparagraphs (c)(i)-(iv)

of this definition even though the Food may contain a pathogenic microorganism or chemical or physical contaminant at a level sufficient to cause illness or injury.

(85) "Poultry" means:

(a) Any domesticated bird (chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, or guineas, ratites or squabs), whether live or dead, as defined in 9 CFR 381.1 (Poultry Products Inspection Regulations Definitions, Poultry)( January 1, 2013 ed.); and

(b) Any migratory waterfowl or game bird, or squab, pheasant, partridge, quail, grouse, pigeon, or guinea, whether live or dead, as defined in 9 CFR 362.1 (Voluntary Poultry Inspection Regulations, Definitions) (January 1, 2013 ed.).

(86) "Premises" means:

(a) The physical facility, its contents, and the contiguous land or property under the control of the Permit Holder; or

(b) The physical facility, its contents, and the land or property not described under Subparagraph(a) of this definition if its facilities and contents are under the control of the Permit Holder and may impact Food or Eating Establishment personnel, facilities, or operations, and a Food or Eating Establishment is only one component of a larger operation such as a health care facility, hotel, motel, school, recreational camp, or prison.

(87) "Primal cut" means a basic major cut into which carcasses and sides of Meat are separated, such as a beef round, pork loin, lamb flank, or veal breast.

(88) "Public water system" has the meaning stated in 40 CFR 141 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (June 2012 ed.). Specifically, a Public Water System means any publicly or privately owned system of pipes or other constructed conveyances, structures and facilities through which water is obtained for or sold, furnished or distributed to the public for human consumption if such a system has at least 15 service connections, regularly serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year or bottles water for sale. Any publicly or privately owned system that only stores and distributes water without treating or collecting it; obtains all its water from, but is not owned or operated by, a public water system; and does not sell water or bottled water to any person is not a "public water system." The term "public water system" includes any collection, treatment, storage or distribution pipes or other constructed conveyances, structures or facilities under the control of the supplier of water and used primarily in connection with such a system, and any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under that control that are used primarily in connection with such a system. The system does not include the portion of service pipe owned and maintained by a customer of the public water system.

(89) "Ratite" means a flightless bird such as an emu, ostrich, or rhea.

(90) Ready-to-Eat Food.

(a)"Ready-to-Eat Food" means Food that:

(i)Is in a form that is edible without additional preparation to achieve food safety, as specified under one of the following: ¶ 3-401.11(A) or (B),

§ 3-401.12, or § 3-402.11, or as specified in ¶ 3-401.11(C);

(ii)Is a raw or partially cooked animal food and the consumer is advised as specified in Subparagraphs 3-401.11(D)(1) and (3); or

(iii) Is prepared in accordance with a variance that is granted as specified in Subparagraph 3-401.11(D) (4); and

(iv) May receive additional preparation for palatability or aesthetic, epicurean, gastronomic, or culinary purposes.

(b) "Ready-to-Eat Food" includes:

(i)Raw animal food that is cooked as specified under§ 3-401.11 or 3401.12, or frozen as specified under § 3-402.11;

(ii)Raw fruits and vegetables that are washed as specified under § 3-302.15;

(iii)Fruits and vegetables that are cooked for hot holding, as specified under § 3-401.13;

(iv)All Potentially Hazardous Food(Time/Temperature Control For Safety Food) that is cooked to the temperature and time required for the specific Food under Subpart 3-401 and cooled as specified under § 3-501.14;

(v)

Plant Food for which further washing, cooking, or other processing is not required for Food safety, and from which rinds, peels, husks, or shells, if naturally present are removed;

(vi)

Substances derived from plants such as spices, seasonings, and sugar;

(vii)

A bakery item such as bread, cakes, pies, fillings, or icing for which further cooking is not required for Food safety;

(viii)The following products that are produced in accordance with USDA guidelines and that have received a lethality treatment for pathogens: dry, fermented sausages, such as dry salami or pepperoni; salt-cured Meat and Poultry products, such as prosciutto ham, country cured ham, and Parma ham; and dried Meat and Poultry products, such as jerky or beef sticks; and

(ix)Foods manufactured as specified in 21 CFR Part 113, (Thermally Processed Low-Acid Foods Packaged in Hermetically Sealed Containers) (April 2013 ed.) .

(91) Reduced Oxygen Packaging.

(a) "Reduced oxygen packaging" means:

(i)The reduction of the amount of oxygen in a Package by removing oxygen; displacing oxygen and replacing it with another gas or combination of gases; or otherwise controlling the oxygen content to a level below that normally found in the atmosphere, (approximately 21% at sea level); and

(ii) A process as specified in Subparagraph (a)(i) of this definition that involves a Food for which the hazards Clostridium botulinum and Listeria monocytogenes require control in the final Packaged form.

(b) "Reduced oxygen packaging" includes:

(i)Vacuum Packaging, in which air is removed from a Package of Food and the Package is Hermetically Sealed so that a vacuum remains inside the Package;

(ii)Modified atmosphere Packaging, in which the atmosphere of a Package of Food is modified so that its composition is different from air but the atmosphere may change over time due to the permeability of the Packaging material or the respiration of the Food. Modified atmosphere Packaging includes: reduction in the proportion of oxygen, total replacement of oxygen, or an increase in the proportion of other gases such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen;

(iii)Controlled atmosphere Packaging, in which the atmosphere of a Package of Food is modified so that until the Package is opened, its composition is different from air, and continuous control of that atmosphere is maintained, such as by using oxygen scavengers or a combination of total replacement of oxygen, nonrespiring food, and impermeable packaging material.

(iv)Cook chill Packaging, in which cooked Food is hot filled into impermeable bags which have the air expelled and are then sealed or crimped closed. The bagged Food is rapidly chilled and refrigerated at temperatures that inhibit the growth of psychrotrophic pathogens; or

(v)

Sous vide Packaging, in which raw or partially cooked Food is placed in a hermetically sealed, impermeable bag, cooked in the bag, rapidly chilled, and refrigerated at temperatures that inhibit the growth of psychrotrophic pathogens.

(92) "Refuse" means solid waste not carried by water through the Sewage system.

(93) "Regulatory authority" means the local, state, or federal enforcement body or authorized representative having jurisdiction over the Eating or Food Establishment. The state Regulatory Authority means the Maine Department of Health and Human Services or the Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry.

(94) "Reminder" means a written statement concerning the health Risk of consuming animal Foods raw, undercooked, or without otherwise being processed to eliminate pathogens.

(95) "Re-service" means the transfer of Food that is unused and returned by a Consumer after being served or sold and in the possession of the Consumer, to another Person.

(96) "Restrict" means to limit the activities of a Food Employee so that there is no Risk of transmitting a disease that is transmissible through Food and the Food Employee does not work with exposed Food, clean Equipment, Utensils, Linens, or unwrapped Single-Service or Single-Use Articles.

(97) "Restricted egg" means any check, dirty Egg, incubator reject, inedible, leaker, or loss as defined in 9 CFR 590 (January 1, 2013 ed.)

(98) "Restricted use pesticide"means a pesticide product that contains the active ingredients specified in 40 CFR 152.175 (Sept 2011 ed.). Pesticides classified for restricted use, and that is limited to use by or under the direct supervision of a certified applicator; and also includes pesticides added by 22 M.R.S. §1471-C (23) (Amended 2011).

(99) "Risk" means the likelihood that an adverse health effect will occur within a population as a result of a Hazard in a Food.

(100) "Safe material" means:

(a) An article manufactured from or composed of materials that may not reasonably be expected to result, directly or indirectly, in their becoming a component or otherwise affecting the characteristics of any Food;

(b) An additive that is used as specified in §§ 409 or 706 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (2006 Edition, 21 USC §§348, 379(e); or

(c) Other materials that are not Additives and that are used in conformity with applicable regulations of the Food and Drug Administration.

(101) "Sanitization" means the application of cumulative heat or chemicals on cleaned Food-Contact Surfaces that, when evaluated for efficacy, is sufficient to yield a reduction of 5 logs, which is equal to a 99.999% reduction, of representative disease microorganisms of public health importance.

(102) "Sealed" means free of cracks or other openings that allow the entry or passage of moisture.

(103) "Service animal" means an animal such as a guide dogor signal dog, in accordance with 5 M.R.S. §4553(9-E)(Amended 2011), that has been individually trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a physical or mental disability. Service animals are permitted on the premises of Food or Eating Establishments, in accordance with 17 M.R.S. §3966 (Amended 2011).

(104) "Servicing area" means an operating base location to which a mobile Food Establishment or transportation vehicle returns regularly for such things as vehicle and equipment cleaning, discharging liquid or solid wastes, refilling water tanks and ice bins, and boarding Food.

(105) "Sewage" means liquid waste containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution and may include liquids containing chemicals in solution.

(106) "Shellfish control authority" means a state, federal, foreign, tribal, or other government entity legally responsible for administering a program that includes certification of Molluscan Shellfish harvesters and dealers for interstate commerce.

(107) "Shellstock" means raw, in-shell Molluscan Shellfish.

(108) "Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli" (STEC) means any E. coli capable of producing Shiga toxins (also called verocytotoxins or "Shiga-like" toxins). Examples of serotypes of STEC include both O157 and non-O157 E. coli. Also seeEnterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli.

(109) "Shucked Shellfish" means Molluscan Shellfish that have one or both shells removed.

(110) "Single-service articles" means Tableware, carry-out Utensils, and other items such as bags, containers, placemats, stirrers, straws, toothpicks, and wrappers that are designed and constructed for one time, one Person use after which they are intended for discard.

(111)Single-Use Articles.

(a) "Single-use articles" means Utensils and bulk Food containers designed and constructed to be used once and discarded.

(b) "Single-use articles" includes items such as wax paper, butcher paper, plastic wrap, formed aluminum Food containers, jars, plastic tubs or buckets, bread wrappers, pickle barrels, ketchup bottles, and number 10 cans which do not meet the materials, durability, strength, and cleanability specifications under §§4-101.11, 4-201.11, and 4-202.11 for multiuse Utensils.

(112) "Slacking" means the process of moderating the temperature of a Food such as allowing a Food to gradually increase from a temperature of -23ºC (-10ºF) to -4º C

(25ºF) in preparation for deep-fat frying or to facilitate even heat penetration during the cooking of previously block-frozen Food such as shrimp.

(113) "Smooth" means:

(a) A Food-Contact Surface having a surface free of pits and inclusions with a cleanability equal to or exceeding that of (100 grit) number 3 stainless steel;

(b)A non-Food-Contact Surface of Equipment having a surface equal to that of commercial grade hot-rolled steel free of visible scale; and

(c) A floor, wall, or ceiling having an even or level surface with no roughness or projections that render it difficult to clean.

(114) "Sporting -Recreational Camp" means a building or group of buildings devoted primarily to the offering of eating and primitive lodging facilities to guests only, and not to the general public, primarily in pursuit of primitive recreation, hunting, fishing, snowmobiling or similar activities. Sporting-Recreational camps generally do not include summer sports programs overseen by employees or volunteers of municipalities and educational institutions, when the activities generally take place at the municipal or institution property and buildings.

(115) "Tableware" means eating, drinking, and serving Utensils for table use such as flatware including forks, knives, and spoons; hollowware including bowls, cups, serving dishes, and tumblers; and plates.

(116) "Temperature measuring device" means a thermometer, thermocouple, thermistor,

or other device that indicates the temperature of Food, air, or water.

(117) "Temporary Eating Establishment" means an Eating Establishment that operates for a period of no more than 14 consecutive days in conjunction with a single event or celebration.

(118) "USDA" means the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

(119) "Utensil" means a Food-contact implement or container used in the storage, preparation, transportation, dispensing, sale, or service of Food, such as Kitchenware or Tableware that is multiuse, Single-Service, or Single-Use; gloves used in contact with Food; Food Temperature Measuring Devices; and probe-type price or identification tags used in contact with Food.

(120) "Variance" means a written document issued by the Regulatory Authority that authorizes a modification or waiver of one or more requirements of this Code if, in the opinion of the Regulatory Authority, a health Hazard or nuisance will not result from the modification or waiver.

(121) "Vending Machine" means a self-service device that, upon insertion of a coin, paper currency, token, card, or key, or by optional manual operation, dispenses unit servings of Food in bulk or in packages without the necessity of replenishing the device between each vending operation.

(122) "Vending machine location" means the room, enclosure, space, or area where one or more Vending Machines are installed and operated and includes the storage areas and areas on the Premises that are used to service and maintain the Vending Machines.

(123) "Warewashing" means the cleaning and Sanitizing of Utensils and Food-Contact Surfaces of Equipment.

(124) "Whole-muscle, intact beef" means whole muscle beef that is not injected,

mechanically tenderized, reconstructed, or scored and marinated, from which beef steaks may be cut.

10-144 C.M.R. ch. 200, § 1-2