La. Admin. Code tit. 33 § V-4437

Current through Register Vol. 50, No. 9, September 20, 2024

Section V-4437 - Containment and Detection of Releases

A. In order to prevent the release of hazardous waste or hazardous constituents to the environment, secondary containment that meets the requirements of this Section must be provided (except as provided in Subsections F and G of this Section):

1. for all new and existing tank systems or components, prior to their being put into service;

2. for tank systems that store or treat materials that become hazardous wastes, within two years of the hazardous waste listing, or when the tank system has reached 15 years of age, whichever comes later.

B. Secondary containment systems must be:

1. designed, installed, and operated to prevent any migration of wastes or accumulated liquid out of the system to the soil, groundwater, or surface water at any time during the use of the tank system; and

2. capable of detecting and collecting releases and accumulated liquids until the collected material is removed.

C. To meet the requirements of Subsection B of this Section, secondary containment systems must be at a minimum:

1. constructed of or lined with materials that are compatible with the waste to be placed in the tank systems and must have sufficient strength and thickness to prevent failure due to pressure gradients (including static head and external hydrological forces), physical contact with the waste to which they are exposed, climatic conditions, the stress of installation, and the stress of daily operation (including stresses from nearby vehicular traffic);

2. placed on a foundation or base capable of providing support to the secondary containment systems and resistance to pressure gradients above and below the system and capable of preventing failure due to settlement, compression, or uplift;

3. provide with a leak detection system that is designed and operated so that it will detect the failure of either the primary and secondary containment structure or any release of hazardous waste or accumulated liquid in the secondary containment system within 24 hours, or at the earliest practicable time if the existing detection technology or site conditions will not allow detection of a release within 24 hours;

4. sloped or otherwise designed or operated to drain and remove liquids resulting from leaks, spills, or precipitation. Spilled or leaked waste and accumulated precipitation must be removed from the secondary containment system within 24 hours, or in as timely a manner as is possible to prevent harm to human health or the environment, if removal of the released waste or accumulated precipitation cannot be accomplished within 24 hours.

D. Secondary containment for tanks must include one or more of the following devices:

1. a liner (external to the tank);

2. a vault;

3. a double-walled tank; or

4. an equivalent device as approved by the administrative authority.

E. In addition to the requirements of Subsections B-D of this Section, secondary containment systems must satisfy the following requirements.

1. External liner systems must be:

a. designed or operated to contain 100 percent of the capacity of the largest tank within its boundary;

b. designed or operated to prevent run-on or infiltration of precipitation into the secondary containment system unless the collection system has sufficient excess capacity to contain run-on or infiltration. Such additional capacity must be sufficient to contain precipitation from a 25-year, 24-hour rainfall event;

c. free of cracks or gaps;

d. designed and installed to completely surround the tank and cover all surrounding earth likely to come into contact with the waste if released from the tank(s);

e. impermeable to the extent that it will prevent lateral as well as vertical migration of waste into the environment (this is not intended to address releases to the air); and

f. if concrete is used as an external liner system:

i. the liner system must be:

(a). provided with a coating or lining that is compatible with the stored waste and meets the requirements of Subparagraph E.1.d and e of this Section, except as specified in Clause E.1.f.ii and Subsection J of this Section;

(b). constructed with chemical-resistant water stops in place at all joints (if any), in liner systems installed after June 20, 2010, and in liner systems undergoing significant upgrade after June 20, 2010; and

(c). constructed with chemical-resistant joint sealants at all joints and cracks (if any);

ii. the owner or operator of a tank equipped with an uncoated/unlined concrete external liner system may demonstrate compliance with Subclause E.1.f.i.(a) of this Section by submitting the information described in Subsection J of this Section for review and obtaining written approval by the Office of Environmental Services.

2. Vault systems must be:

a. designed or operated to contain 100 percent of the capacity of the largest tank within its boundary;

b. designed or operated to prevent run-on or infiltration of precipitation into the secondary containment system unless the collection system has sufficient excess capacity to contain run-on or infiltration. Such additional capacity must be sufficient to contain precipitation from a 25-year, 24-hour rainfall event;

c. constructed with chemical-resistant water stops in place at all joints (if any);

d. constructed with chemical-resistant joint sealants at all joints and cracks (if any), in vault systems installed after June 20, 2010, and in vault systems undergoing significant upgrade after June 20, 2010;

e. provided with an impermeable interior coating or lining that is compatible with the stored waste and that will prevent migration of waste into the concrete;

f. provided with a means to protect against the formation of and ignition of vapors within the vault, if the waste being stored or treated:

i. meets any of the definitions of ignitable waste under LAC 33:V.4903.B; or

ii. meets the definition of reactive waste under LAC 33:V.4903.D, and may form an ignitable or explosive vapor; and

g. provided with an exterior moisture barrier or be otherwise designed or operated to prevent migration of moisture into the vault if the vault is subject to hydraulic pressure.

3. Double-walled tanks must be:

a. designed as an integral structure (i.e., an inner tank within an outer shell) so that any release from the inner tank is contained by the outer shell;

b. protected, if constructed of metal, from both corrosion of the primary tank interior and external surface of the outer shell; and

c. provided with a built-in, continuous leak detection system capable of detecting a release within 24 hours or at the earliest practicable time, if the owner or operator can demonstrate to the administrative authority and the administrative authority concurs, that the existing leak detection technology or site conditions will not allow detection of a release within 24 hours.

F. Ancillary equipment must be provided with full secondary containment (e.g., trench, jacketing, double-walled piping) that meets the requirements of Subsections B and C of this Section, except for:

1. aboveground piping (exclusive of flanges, joints, valves, and connections) that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis;

2. welded flanges, welded joints, and welded connections that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis;

3. sealless or magnetic coupling pumps and sealless valves that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis; and

4. pressurized aboveground piping systems with automatic shut-off devices (e.g., excess flow check valves, flow metering shutdown devices, loss of pressure actuated shut-off devices) that are visually inspected for leaks on a daily basis.

G. The owner or operator may obtain a variance from the requirements of this Section if the administrative authority finds, as a result of a demonstration by the owner or operator, either that alternative design and operating practices together with location characteristics will prevent the migration of hazardous waste or hazardous constituents into the groundwater or surface water at least as effectively as a secondary containment during the active life of the tank system or that in the event of a release that does migrate to groundwater or surface water, no substantial present or potential hazard will be posed to human health or the environment. New underground tank systems may not, per a demonstration in accordance with this Subsection, be exempted from the secondary containment requirements of this Section. Application for a variance as allowed in this Subsection does not waive compliance with the requirements of this Chapter for new tank systems.

1. In deciding whether to grant a variance based on a demonstration of equivalent protection of groundwater and surface water, the administrative authority will consider:

a. the nature and quantity of the waste;

b. the proposed alternate design and operation;

c. the hydrogeologic setting of the facility, including the thickness of soils between the tank system and groundwater; and

d. all other factors that would influence the quality and mobility of the hazardous constituents and the potential for them to migrate to groundwater or surface water.

2. In deciding whether to grant a variance, based on a demonstration of no substantial present or potential hazard, the administrative authority will consider:

a. the potential adverse effects on groundwater, surface water, and land quality taking into account:

i. the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the tank system, including its potential for migration;

ii. the hydrogeological characteristics of the facility and surrounding land;

iii. the potential for health risks caused by human exposure to waste constituents;

iv. the potential for damage to wildlife, crops, vegetation, and physical structures caused by exposure to waste constituents; and

v. the persistence and permanence of the potential adverse effects;

b. the potential adverse effects of a release on groundwater quality, taking into account:

i. the quantity and quality of groundwater and the direction of groundwater flow;

ii. the proximity and withdrawal rates of water in the area;

iii. the current and future uses of groundwater in the area; and

iv. the existing quality of groundwater, including other sources of contamination and their cumulative impact on the groundwater quality;

c. the potential adverse effects of a release on surface water quality, taking into account:

i. the quantity and quality of groundwater and the direction of groundwater flow;

ii. the patterns of rainfall in the region;

iii. the proximity of the tank system to surface waters;

iv. the current and future uses of surface waters in the area and any water quality standards established for those surface waters; and

v. the existing quality of surface water, including other sources of contamination and the cumulative impact on surface water quality; and

d. the potential adverse effects of a release on the land surrounding the tank system, taking into account:

i. the patterns of rainfall in the region; and

ii. the current and future uses of the surrounding land.

3. The owner or operator of a tank system, for which a variance from secondary containment has been granted in accordance with the requirements of Paragraph G.1 of this Section, at which a release of a hazardous waste has occurred from the primary tank system but has not migrated beyond the zone of engineering control (as established in the variance), must:

a. comply with the requirements of LAC 33:V.4441, except LAC 33:V.4441.D; and

b. decontaminate or remove contaminated soil to the extent necessary to:

i. enable the tank system, for which the variance was granted, to resume operation with the capability for the detection of and response to releases at least equivalent to the capability it had prior to the release; and

ii. prevent the migration of hazardous waste or hazardous constituents to groundwater or surface water; or

c. if contaminated soil cannot be removed or decontaminated in accordance with Subparagraph G.3.b of this Section, comply with the requirements of LAC 33:V.1915.B.

4. The owner or operator of a tank system, for which a variance from secondary containment had been granted in accordance with the requirements of Paragraph G.1 of this Section, at which a release of hazardous waste has occurred from the primary tank system and has migrated beyond the zone of engineering control (as established in the variance), must:

a. comply with the requirements of LAC 33:V.4441.B-D; and

b. prevent the migration of hazardous waste or hazardous constituents to groundwater or surface water, if possible, and decontaminate or remove contaminated soil. If contaminated soil cannot be decontaminated or removed, or if groundwater has been contaminated, the owner or operator must comply with the requirements of LAC 33:V.4442;

c. if repairing, replacing, or reinstalling the tank system, provide secondary containment in accordance with the requirements of Subsections A-F of this Section or reapply for a variance from secondary containment and meet the requirements for new tank systems in LAC 33:V.4435 if the tank system is replaced. The owner or operator must comply with these requirements even if contaminated soil can be decontaminated or removed, and groundwater or surface water has not been contaminated.

H. The following procedures must be followed in order to request a variance from secondary containment.

1. The Office of Environmental Services must be notified in writing by the owner or operator that he intends to conduct and submit a demonstration for a variance from secondary containment as allowed in Subsection G of this Section according to the following schedule:

a. for existing tank systems, at least 24 months prior to the date that secondary containment must be provided in accordance with Subsection A of this Section; and

b. for new tank systems, at least 30 days prior to entering into a contract for installation of the tank system.

2. As part of the notification, the owner or operator must also submit to the Office of Environmental Services a description of the steps necessary to conduct the demonstration and a timetable for completing each of the steps. The demonstration must address each of the factors listed in Paragraph G.1 or 2 of this Section.

3. The demonstration for a variance must be completed and submitted to the Office of Environmental Services within 180 days after notifying the administrative authority of intent to conduct the demonstration.

4. The administrative authority will inform the public, through a newspaper notice, of the availability of the demonstration for a variance. The notice shall be placed in a daily or weekly major local newspaper of general circulation and shall provide at least 30 days from the date of the notice for the public to review and comment on the demonstration for a variance. The administrative authority also will hold a public hearing, in response to a request or at his own discretion, whenever such a hearing might clarify one or more issues concerning the demonstration for a variance. Public notice of the hearing will be given at least 30 days prior to the date of the hearing and may be given at the same time as notice of the opportunity for the public to review and comment on the demonstration. These two notices may be combined.

5. The administrative authority will approve or disapprove the request for a variance within 90 days of receipt of the demonstration from the owner or operator and will notify in writing the owner or operator and each person who submitted written comments or requested notice of the variance decision. If the demonstration for a variance is incomplete or does not include sufficient information, the 90-day time period will begin when the administrative authority receives a complete demonstration, including all information necessary to make a final determination. If the public comment period in Paragraph H.4 of this Section is extended, the 90-day time period will be similarly extended.

I. All tank systems, until such time as secondary containment meeting the requirements of this Section is provided, must comply with the following.

1. For non-enterable underground tanks, a leak test that meets the requirements of LAC 33:V.4433 must be conducted at least annually.

2. For other than non-enterable underground tanks and for all ancillary equipment, an annual leak test, as described in Paragraph I.1 of this Section, or an internal inspection or other tank integrity examination by an independent, qualified professional engineer that addresses cracks, leaks, corrosion, and erosion must be conducted at least annually. The owner or operator must remove the stored waste from the tank, if necessary, to allow the condition of all internal tank surfaces to be assessed.

3. The owner or operator must maintain on file at the facility a record of the results of the assessments conducted in accordance with Paragraphs I.1-2 of this Section.

4. If a tank system or component is found to be leaking or unfit-for-use as a result of the leak test or assessment in Paragraphs I.1-2 of this Section, the owner or operator must comply with the requirements of LAC 33:V.4441.

J. Unlined/Uncoated Concrete Liner Systems-Demonstration of Sufficiency Process

1. Submittals to the Office of Environmental Services intended to secure its approval of uncoated/ unlined concrete liner systems, as provided for in Clause E.1.f.ii of this Section, must contain documentation regarding the information described below.

a. The owner or operator must provide detailed information on the uncoated/unlined external liner, including, but not limited to:

i. the design and installation specifications for any concrete joints, including water stops;

ii. the characteristics of any joint sealant used, including its compatibility with the waste stored in the tank system; and

iii. the characteristics of the concrete mix used, the design and construction specifications of the concrete liner and secondary containment system, and any American Concrete Institute or other applicable standards used.

b. The owner or operator must also provide the following information:

i. the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste in the tank system, including its potential for migration and its compatibility with the unlined/uncoated concrete external liner system;

ii. the persistence and permanence of the potential adverse effects from a release of the waste constituents to the environment;

iii. the risk to human health and the environment posed by a potential release of the waste constituents contained in the tank to the soil or groundwater;

iv. any factors that specifically influence the potential mobility of the waste contained in the tank and its potential to migrate through the unlined/uncoated concrete external liner system to the environment;

v. any additional protections afforded by the design and construction of the tank system; such as tank liners, lined piping, welded flanges, double bottoms, and/or elevation of the tank above the unlined/uncoated concrete external liner; and

vi. any other information requested by the administrative authority.

2. The submittal may also contain other documentation demonstrating that an unlined/uncoated concrete external liner system is appropriate, such as documentation regarding the following:

a. any natural or man-made hydrogeological characteristic of the facility and surrounding land that affords a barrier to the migration of waste into the environment;

b. any applicable regulation or permit requirement, or standard, such as, for example:

i. any schedule of more frequent than normal internal inspection of the tank pursuant to appropriate standards (e.g. American Petroleum Institute (API), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), etc.);

ii. any schedule of more frequent than normal external inspection of the tank pursuant to appropriate standards (e.g. API, ASME, etc.);

iii. any certification by a registered professional engineer regarding the permeability of the concrete that comprises the concrete liner system; and

c. the cost of installing and maintaining an impermeable coating or lining versus the potential benefits to be derived therefrom.

3. In deciding whether to approve the use of an unlined/uncoated concrete external liner system in lieu of the requirements of Subclause E.1.f.i.(a) of this Section:

a. the administrative authority shall consider each submittal on its own merits;

b. the stringency of the administrative authority's requirements may vary depending on the tank's contents (e.g., the concentration or type of material involved); and

c. the administrative authority shall approve the use of an unlined/uncoated concrete external liner system if it reasonably determines that the unlined/uncoated concrete external liner system:

i. will prevent lateral and vertical migration of waste into the environment; or

ii. is otherwise appropriate based on the potential risk to human health and the environment.

4. Within 30 days after receipt of an administratively complete submittal pursuant to this Subsection, the department shall provide written acknowledgment to the owner or operator that the submittal is under consideration. Subclause E.1.f.i.(a) of this Section shall not apply to the concrete external liner system while the administrative authority considers the owner's or operator's submittal. The administrative authority shall notify the owner or operator in writing of the administrative authority's approval or disapproval of the proposed use of an unlined/uncoated concrete external liner system. If the administrative authority does not approve the use of an unlined/uncoated concrete external liner system, it shall give the owner or operator a reasonable period of time to provide an appropriate coating or lining for the concrete external liner system, or another acceptable means of secondary containment.

5. If the use of an unlined/uncoated concrete external liner system is approved:

a. the owner or operator shall maintain on-site:

i. the written approval received from the administrative authority, or a legible copy thereof; and

ii. documentation sufficient to establish that any conditions upon which that approval was based are being fulfilled; and

b. the owner or operator shall provide written notification to the Office of Environmental Services of any change in the tank system, the service of the tank system, the concrete external liner system, the waste stored in the tank(s), or the information submitted by the owner or operator pursuant to Paragraph 1 or 2 of this Subsection that could result in a significant increase in the risk to human health or the environment posed by a potential release of the waste constituents contained in the tank(s). Such notice shall be provided within 15 days of the owner's or operator's discovery of any such change. The department thereafter may require the submittal of additional information by the owner or operator, and/or revoke the approval for the owner's or operator's continued use of the unlined/uncoated concrete external liner system.

La. Admin. Code tit. 33, § V-4437

Promulgated by the Department of Environmental Quality, Office of Solid and Hazardous Waste, Hazardous Waste Division, LR 10:200 (March 1984), amended LR 13:651 (November 1987), LR 14:790 (November 1988), LR 16:614 (July 1990), LR 18:723 (July 1992), amended by the Office of Environmental Assessment, Environmental Planning Division, LR 26:2507 (November 2000), amended by the Office of the Secretary, Legal Affairs Division, LR 31:2482 (October 2005), LR 33:2134 (October 2007), LR 34:1004 (June 2008), LR 34:1899 (September 2008), LR 36:1238 (June 2010), repromulgated LR 36:1539 (July 2010).

AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. 30:2180 et seq.