Iowa Admin. Code agency 567, tit. II, div. B, ch. 42, app A
Contaminant | Standard Health Effects Language |
Microbiological Contaminants | |
Coliform assessment and/or corrective action violations, under 567-subrule 41.2(1) | Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other potentially harmful waterborne pathogens may be present or that a potential pathway exists through which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution system. We found coliforms indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct assessments to identify problems and to correct any problems that are found. [THE SYSTEM MUST INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING APPLICABLE SENTENCES] |
* We failed to conduct the required assessment. | |
* We failed to correct all identified sanitary defects that were found during the assessments). | |
E. coli | E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems. |
E. coli assessment and/or corrective action violations, under 567-subrule 41.2(1) | E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Human pathogens in these wastes can cause short-term effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a greater health risk for infants, young children, the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems. We violated the standard for E. coli, indicating the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. When this occurs, we are required to conduct a detailed assessment to identify problems and to correct any problems that are found. [THE SYSTEM MUST INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING APPLICABLE SENTENCES] |
* We failed to conduct the required assessment. | |
* We failed to correct all identified sanitary defects that were found during the assessments). | |
Seasonal system treatment technique violation | * When this violation includes the failure to monitor for total coliforms or E. coli prior to serving water to the public, the mandatory language for monitoring violation in 42.1 (5) "c "(2) must be used. |
* When this violation includes failure to complete other actions, the appropriate elements found in 42.1(5) "c " to describe the violation must be used. | |
Fecal indicators for the groundwater rule (E. coli, enterococci, and coliphage) | Fecal indicators are microbes whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term health effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems. |
Groundwater Treatment Technique Requirements | |
Groundwater rule treatment technique violations | Inadequately treated or inadequately protected water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, cramps, and associated headaches. |
Surface Water Treatment Technique Requirements | |
Turbidity | Turbidity has no health effects. However, turbidity can interfere with disinfection and provide a medium for microbial growth. Turbidity may indicate the presence of disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites that can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches, and can lead to death. |
Surface water/IGW system treatment technique requirements: CT ratio; residual disinfectant; log removal/inactivation ofGiardia, viruses, andCryptosporidium; or filter backwash recycling | Inadequately treated water may contain disease-causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches, and can lead to death. |
Inorganic Chemical Contaminants | |
Antimony | Some people who drink water containing antimony well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience increases in blood cholesterol and decreases in blood sugar. |
Arsenic | Some people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the MCL over many years could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Asbestos | Some people who drink water containing asbestos in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of developing benign intestinal polyps. |
Barium | Some people who drink water containing barium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience an increase in their blood pressure. |
Beryllium | Some people who drink water containing beryllium well in excess of the MCL over many years could develop intestinal lesions. |
Cadmium | Some people who drink water containing cadmium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage. |
Chromium, total | Some people who drink water containing chromium well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience allergic dermatitis. |
Copper | Copper is an essential nutrient, but some people who drink water containing copper in excess of the action level over many years could suffer liver or kidney damage. People with Wilson's Disease should consult their personal doctor. |
Cyanide | Some people who drink water containing cyanide well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience nerve damage or problems with their thyroid. |
Fluoride | Some people who drink water containing fluoride in excess of the MCL over many years could get bone disease, including pain and tenderness of the bones. Fluoride in drinking water above 2.0 mg/L may cause mottling of children's teeth, usually in children less than nine years of age. Mottling, also known as dental fluorosis, may include brown staining and pitting of the teeth, and occurs only in developing teeth before they erupt from the gums. |
Lead | Infants and children who drink water containing lead in excess of the action level could experience delays in their physical or mental development. Children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities. Adults who drink this water over many years could develop kidney problems or high blood pressure. |
Mercury, inorganic | Some people who drink water containing inorganic mercury well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience kidney damage. |
Nitrate | Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. |
Nitrite | Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. |
Total Nitrate and Nitrite | Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate and nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue baby syndrome. |
Selenium | Selenium is an essential nutrient. However, some people who drink water containing selenium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience loss of hair or fingernails, numbness in fingers or toes, or problems with their circulation. |
Thallium | Some people who drink water containing thallium in excess of the MCL over many years could experience hair loss, changes in their blood, or problems with their kidneys, intestines, or liver. |
Synthetic Organic Chemical Contaminants | |
2,4-D | Some people who drink water containing the weed killer 2,4-D well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or adrenal glands. |
2,4,5-TP (Silvex) | Some people who drink water containing Silvex in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems. |
Alachlor | Some people who drink water containing alachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their eyes, liver, kidneys, or spleen, or experience anemia, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Atrazine | Some people who drink water containing atrazine well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their cardiovascular system or have reproductive difficulties. |
Benzo(a)pyrene (PAHs) | Some people who drink water containing benzo(a)pyrene in excess of the MCL over many years may experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Carbofuran | Some people who drink water containing carbofuran in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood, or nervous or reproductive systems. |
Chlordane | Some people who drink water containing chlordane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Dalapon | Some people who drink water containing dalapon well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience minor kidney changes. |
Di(2- ethyl hexy 1)adi pate | Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience toxic effects such as weight loss, liver enlargement, or possible reproductive difficulties. |
Di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate | Some people who drink water containing di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate well in excess of the MCL over many years may have problems with their liver, or experience reproductive difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP) | Some people who drink water containing DBCP in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Dinoseb | Some people who drink water containing dinoseb well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties. |
Dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) | Some people who drink water containing dioxin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Diquat | Some people who drink water containing diquat in excess of the MCL over many years could get cataracts. |
Endothall | Some people who drink water containing endothall in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their stomach or intestines. |
Endrin | Some people who drink water containing endrin in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver problems. |
Ethylene dibromide | Some people who drink water containing ethylene dibromide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, stomach, reproductive system, or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Glyphosate | Some people who drink water containing glyphosate in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or reproductive difficulties. |
Heptachlor | Some people who drink water containing heptachlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Heptachlor epoxide | Some people who drink water containing heptachlor epoxide in excess of the MCL over many years could experience liver damage, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Hexachlorobenzene | Some people who drink water containing hexachlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, or adverse reproductive effects, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Hexachloro-cyclopentadiene | Some people who drink water containing hexachlorocyclopentadiene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or stomach. |
Lindane | Some people who drink water containing lindane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys or liver. |
Methoxychlor | Some people who drink water containing methoxychlor in excess of the MCL over many years could experience reproductive difficulties. |
Oxamyl (Vydate) | Some people who drink water containing oxamyl in excess of the MCL over many years could experience slight nervous system effects. |
Pentachlorophenol | Some people who drink water containing pentachlorophenol in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Picloram | Some people who drink water containing picloram in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. |
Polychlorinated byphenyls (PCBs) | Some people who drink water containing PCBs in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their skin, problems with their thymus gland, immune deficiencies, or reproductive or nervous system difficulties, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Simazine | Some people who drink water containing simazine in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their blood. |
Toxaphene | Some people who drink water containing toxaphene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their kidneys, liver, or thyroid, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Volatile Organic Chemical Contaminants (VOCs) | |
Benzene | Some people who drink water containing benzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia or a decrease in blood platelets, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Carbon tetrachloride | Some people who drink water containing carbon tetrachloride in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Chlorobenzene (monochlorobenzene) | Some people who drink water containing chlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys. |
o-Dichlorobenzene | Some people who drink water containing o-dichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system. |
p-Dichlorobenzene | Some people who drink water containing p-dichlorobenzene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience anemia, damage to their liver, kidneys, or spleen, or changes in their blood. |
1, 2-Dichloroethane | Some people who drink water containing 1, 2-dichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
1,1-Dichloroethylene | Some people who drink water containing 1, 1-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. |
cis-1, 2-Dichloroethylene | Some people who drink water containing cis-1, 2-dichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. |
trans-1, 2-Dichloroethylene | Some people who drink water containing trans- 1, 2-dichloroethylene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver. |
Dichloromethane | Some people who drink water containing dichloromethane in excess of the MCL over many years could have liver problems and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
1, 2-Dichloropropane | Some people who drink water containing 1,2-dichloropropane in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Ethylbenzene | Some people who drink water containing ethylbenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver or kidneys. |
Styrene | Some people who drink water containing styrene well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or circulatory system. |
Tetrachloroethylene | Some people who drink water containing tetrachloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Toluene | Some people who drink water containing toluene in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their nervous system, kidneys, or liver. |
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene | Some people who drink water containing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience changes in their adrenal glands. |
1,1,1-Trichloroethane | Some people who drink water containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver, nervous system, or circulatory system. |
1,1,2-Trichloroethane | Some people who drink water containing 1,1,2-trichloroethane well in excess of the MCL over many years could have problems with their liver, kidneys, or immune system. |
Trichloroethylene | Some people who drink water containing trichloroethylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their liver and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Vinyl chloride | Some people who drink water containing vinyl chloride in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Xylene (total) | Some people who drink water containing total xylene in excess of the MCL over many years could experience damage to their nervous system. |
Radionuclide Contaminants | |
Alpha emitters | Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit a form of radiation known as alpha radiation. Some people who drink water containing alpha emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Beta/photon emitters | Certain minerals are radioactive and may emit forms of radiation known as photons and beta radiation. Some people who drink water containing beta and photon emitters in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Combined radium (226 & 228) | Some people who drink water containing radium 226 or 228 in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Uranium | Some people who drink water containing uranium in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer and kidney toxicity. |
Disinfection Byproducts | |
Bromate | Some people who drink water containing bromate in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Chlorite | Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorite in excess of the MCL. Some people may experience anemia. |
Haloacetic Acids (HAA) | Some people who drink water containing haloacetic acids in excess of the MCL over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs) | Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience problems with their liver, kidneys, or central nervous system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Residual Disinfectants | |
Chloramines | Some people who use water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chloramines well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort or anemia. |
Chlorine | Some people who use water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience irritating effects to their eyes and nose. Some people who drink water containing chlorine well in excess of the MRDL could experience stomach discomfort. |
Chlorine dioxide-acute (one or more distribution samples exceed the MRDL) | Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may experience anemia. The chlorine dioxide violations reported today include exceedances of the standard within the distribution system which delivers water to consumers. Violations of the chlorine dioxide standard within the distribution system may harm human health based on short-term exposures. Certain groups, including fetuses, infants, and young children, may be especially susceptible to nervous system effects from excessive chlorine dioxide exposure. |
Chlorine dioxide-non-acute (two consecutive daily samples taken at the source entry point to the distribution system are above the MRDL) | Some infants and young children who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL could experience nervous system effects. Similar effects may occur in fetuses of pregnant women who drink water containing chlorine dioxide in excess of the MRDL. Some people may experience anemia. The chlorine dioxide violations reported today are the result of exceedances at the treatment facility only, not within the distribution system which delivers water to consumers. Continued compliance with chlorine dioxide levels within the distribution system minimizes the potential risk of these violations to consumers. |
Disinfection Byproduct Precursors | |
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) | Total organic carbon has no health effects. However, total organic carbon provides a medium for the formation of disinfection by products. These byproducts include trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Drinking water containing these byproducts in excess of the MCL may lead to adverse health effects, liver, or kidney problems, or nervous system effects, and may lead to an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Other Treatment Techniques | |
Acrylamide | Some people who drink water containing high levels of acrylamide over a long period of time could have problems with their nervous system or blood, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Epichlorohydrin | Some people who drink water containing high levels of epichlorohydrin over a long period of time could experience stomach problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. |
Iowa Admin. Code agency 567, tit. II, div. B, ch. 42, app A