Iowa Admin. Code r. 567-41.4
REQUIRED NUMBER OF LEAD/COPPER SAMPLES
System Size (Number of People Served) | Standard Monitoring (Number of Sites) | Reduced Monitoring (Number of Sites) |
greater than 100,000 | 100 | 50 |
10,001 to 100,000 | 60 | 30 |
3,301 to 10,000 | 40 | 20 |
501 to 3,300 | 20 | 10 |
101 to 500 | 10 | 5 |
less than or equal to 100 | 5 | 5 |
System Size (Number of People Served) | First Six-month Monitoring Period Begins on: |
greater than 50,000 (large system) | January 1, 1992 |
3,301 to 50,000 (medium system) | July 1, 1992 |
less than or equal to 3,300 (small system) | July 1, 1993 |
All large systems shall monitor during two consecutive six-month periods. All small and medium-size systems shall monitor during each six-month monitoring period until the system exceeds the lead or copper action level and is, therefore, required to implement the corrosion control treatment requirements under 567-paragraph 43.7(1) "a" in which case the system shall continue monitoring in accordance with 41.4(1)"c" (4), or the system meets the lead and copper action levels during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods, in which case the system may reduce monitoring in accordance with 41.4(1) V(4).
* A small or medium-size water system that meets the lead and copper action levels during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods may reduce the number of lead and copper samples according to 41.4(1)"c"(3) and reduce the frequency of sampling to once per year. A small or medium-size water system collecting fewer than five samples as specified in 41.4(1)"c" (3) that meets the lead and copper action levels during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods may reduce the frequency of sampling to once per year. The system may not ever reduce the number of samples required below the minimum of one sample per available tap. This sampling shall begin during the calendar year immediately following the end of the second consecutive six-month monitoring period.
* Any public water supply system that meets the lead action level and maintains the range of values for the water quality control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the department under 567-paragraph 43.7(2)"f" during each of two consecutive six-month monitoring periods may reduce the monitoring frequency to once per year and reduce the number of lead and copper samples according to 41.4(1)"c" (3), upon written approval by the department. This sampling shall begin during the calendar year immediately following the end of the second consecutive six-month monitoring period. The department shall review monitoring, treatment, and other relevant information submitted by the water system in accordance with 567-subrule 42.4(2), and shall notify the system in writing when it determines that the system is eligible to commence reduced monitoring. The department will review and, where appropriate, revise its determination when the system submits new monitoring or treatment data, or when other data relevant to the number and frequency of tap sampling becomes available.
* A small or medium-size water system that meets the lead and copper action levels during three consecutive years of monitoring may reduce the frequency of monitoring for lead and copper from annually to once every three years. Any water system that meets the lead action level and maintains the range of values for the water quality control parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the department under 567-paragraph 43.7(2)"f" during three consecutive years of monitoring may reduce the frequency of monitoring from annually to once every three years if it receives written approval by the department. Samples collected once every three years shall be collected no later than every third calendar year. The department shall review monitoring, treatment, and other relevant information submitted by the water system in accordance with 567-subrule 42.4(2), and shall notify the system in writing when it determines that the system is eligible to reduce the monitoring frequency to once every three years. The department will review and, where appropriate, revise its determination when the system submits new monitoring or treatment data, or when other data relevant to the number and frequency of tap sampling becomes available.
* A water system that reduces the number and frequency of sampling shall collect these samples from sites included in the pool of targeted sampling sites identified in 41.4(1)"c"(1). Systems sampling annually or less frequently shall conduct the lead and copper tap sampling during the months of June through September, unless the department, at its discretion, has approved a different sampling period. If approved by the department, the period shall be no longer than four consecutive months and must represent a time of normal operation where the highest levels of lead are most likely to occur. The department shall designate a period that represents a time of normal operation for an NTNC system that does not operate during the months of June through September, and for which the period of normal operation where the highest levels of lead are most likely to occur is not known. This sampling shall begin during the period approved or designated by the department in the calendar year immediately following the end of the second consecutive six-month monitoring period for systems initiating annual monitoring and during the three-year period following the end of the third consecutive calendar year of annual monitoring for systems initiating triennial monitoring.
Systems monitoring annually that have been collecting samples during the months of June through September and that receive department approval to alter their sample collection period must collect their next round of samples during a time period that ends no later than 21 months after the previous round of sampling.
Systems monitoring triennially that have been collecting samples during the months of June through September and that receive department approval to alter the sampling collection period must collect their next round of samples during a time period that ends no later than 45 months after the previous round of sampling.
Subsequent rounds of sampling must be collected annually or triennially, as required by 41.4(1)"c. "
Small systems that have been granted waivers pursuant to 41.4(1)"c "(7), that have been collecting samples during the months of June through September and that receive department approval to alter their sample collection period as previously stated must collect their next round of samples before the end of the nine-year period.
* Any water system that demonstrates for two consecutive six-month monitoring periods that the 90th percentile tap water level computed under 41.4(1)"b"(3) is less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L for lead and is less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L for copper may reduce the number of samples in accordance with 41.4(1)"c"(3) and reduce the frequency of sampling to once every three calendar years, if approved by the department.
* A small or medium-size water system subject to reduced monitoring that exceeds the lead or copper action level shall resume sampling according to 41.4(1)"c"(4)"3" and collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring in 41.4(1)"c" (3). Any such system shall also conduct water quality parameter monitoring in accordance with 41.4(1)"d"(2), (3), or (4), as appropriate, during the monitoring period in which it exceeded the action level. Any such system may resume annual monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in 41.4(1) "c " (3) after it has completed two subsequent consecutive six-month rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria of 41.4(1) "c"(4)"4," first bulleted paragraph, and may resume triennial monitoring for lead and copper at the reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of either 41.4(1) "c"(4)"4," third bulleted paragraph or fifth bulleted paragraph, and has received department approval.
Any water system subject to reduced monitoring frequency that fails to meet the lead action level during any four-month monitoring period or that fails to operate at or above the minimum value or within the range of values for the water quality control parameters specified by the department under 567-paragraph 43.7(2)"f" for more than nine days in any six-month period specified in 41.4(1)"d" (4) shall resume tap water sampling according to 41.4(1) "c"(4)"3," collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring in 41.4(1)"c" (3), and resume monitoring for water quality parameters within the distribution system in accordance with 41.4(1)"d"(4). This standard tap water sampling shall begin no later than the six-month period beginning January 1 of the calendar year following the lead action level exceedance or water quality parameter excursion. The system may resume reduced monitoring for lead and copper at the tap and for water quality parameters within the distribution system under the following conditions:
The system may resume annual monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at the reduced number of sites specified in 41.4(1)"c"(3) after it has completed two subsequent six-month rounds of monitoring that meet the criteria of 41.4(1) "c"(4)"4," second bulleted paragraph, and upon written approval from the department to resume reduced annual monitoring. This sampling shall begin during the calendar year immediately following the end of the second consecutive six-month monitoring period.
The system may resume triennial monitoring for lead and copper at the tap at the reduced number of sites after it demonstrates through subsequent rounds of monitoring that it meets the criteria of either 41.4(1) "c"(4)"4," third bulleted paragraph or fifth bulleted paragraph, and upon written approval from the department to resume triennial monitoring.
The system may reduce the number of water quality parameter tap water samples required in 41.4(1) "d"(5)"1" and the sampling frequency required in 41.4(1) "d"(5)"2." Such a system may not resume triennial monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap until it demonstrates that it has requalified for triennial monitoring, pursuant to 41.4(1) "d"(5)"2."
* Any water system subject to a reduced monitoring frequency under 41.4(1)"c"(4)"4" must notify the department in writing in accordance with 567-subparagraph 42.4(2)"a" (3) of any upcoming long-term change in treatment or addition of a new source as described in that subparagraph. The department must review and approve the addition of a new source or long-term change in water treatment before it is implemented by the system. The department may require the system to resume sampling pursuant to 41.4(1) "c"(4)"3" and collect the number of samples specified for standard monitoring under 41.4(1)"c"(3), or take other appropriate steps such as increased water quality parameter monitoring or reevaluation of its corrosion control treatment given the potentially different water quality considerations.
* The laboratory establishes that improper sample analysis caused erroneous results.
* The department determines that the sample was taken from a site that did not meet the site selection criteria of 567-41.4 (455B).
* The sample container was damaged in transit to the laboratory.
* There is a substantial reason to believe that the sample was subject to tampering.
* The sample is not representative of water that would be consumed from the tap.
* The department determined that a major disruption of the water flow occurred in the system or building plumbing prior to sample collection, which resulted in lead or copper levels that were not representative of the system.
* Lead. The water system must provide certification and supporting documentation to the department that the system is free of all lead-containing materials. The system does not contain any plastic pipes which contain lead plasticizers, or plastic service lines which contain lead plasticizers. The system must be free of lead service lines, lead pipes, lead soldered pipe joints, and leaded brass or bronze alloy fittings and fixtures, unless such fittings and fixtures meet the specifications of any standard established pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 300 -g-6(e).
* Copper. The water system must provide certification and supporting documentation to the department that the system contains no copper pipes or copper service lines.
* Lead levels. The system must demonstrate that the 90th percentile lead level does not exceed 0.005 mg/L.
* Copper levels. The system must demonstrate that the 90th percentile copper level does not exceed 0.65 mg/L.
* A system must conduct tap water monitoring for lead and copper in accordance with 41.4(1) "c"(4)"4" at the reduced number of sampling sites identified in subparagraph 41.4(1)"c" (3) at least once every nine years and provide the materials certification specified in 41.4(1) "c"(7)"1" for both lead and copper to the department along with the monitoring results. Samples collected every nine years shall be collected no later than every ninth calendar year.
* A system with a waiver must notify the department in writing pursuant to 567-subparagraph 42.4(2)"a" (3) of any upcoming long-term change in treatment or addition of a new source, as described in that subparagraph. The department must review and approve the addition of a new source or long-term change in water treatment before it is implemented by the system. The department has the authority to require the system to add or modify waiver conditions, such as to require recertification that the system is free of lead-containing and copper-containing materials or to require additional monitoring, if the department deems such modifications are necessary to address treatment or source water changes at the system.
* If a system with a waiver becomes aware that it is no longer free of lead-containing or copper-containing materials, such as from new construction or repairs, the system shall notify the department in writing no later than 60 days after becoming aware of such a change.
* A system no longer satisfies the materials criteria of 41.4(1) "c"(7)"1," or has a 90th percentile lead level greater than 0.005 mg/L or a 90th percentile copper level greater than 0.65 mg/L.
* The department notifies the system in writing that the waiver has been revoked, including the basis of its decision.
* If the system exceeds the lead or copper action level, the system must implement corrosion control treatment in accordance with the deadlines specified in 567-paragraph 43.7(1)"e, " and any other applicable parts of 567-41.4 (455B).
* If the system meets both the lead and copper action levels, the system must monitor for lead and copper at the tap no less frequently than once every three years using the reduced number of sample sites specified in subparagraph 41.4(1)"c" (3).
* Systems shall collect two tap samples for applicable water quality parameters during each monitoring period specified in 41.4(1)"d"(2) through (5) from the following number of sites.
REQUIRED NUMBER OF SAMPLES: WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS
System Size (Number of People Served) | Number of Sites for Water Quality Parameters |
greater than 100,000 | 25 |
10,001 to 100,000 | 10 |
3,301 to 10,000 | 3 |
501 to 3,300 | 2 |
101 to 500 | 1 |
less than or equal to 100 | 1 |
* Except as provided in 41.4(1)"d"(3) "3," systems shall collect two samples for each applicable water quality parameter at each entry point to the distribution system during each six-month monitoring period specified in 41.4(1)"d"(2). During each monitoring period specified in 41.4(1)"d"(2). During each monitoring period specified in 41.4(1)"d"(3) through (5), systems shall collect one sample for each applicable water quality parameter at each entry point to the distribution system.
REDUCED WATER QUALITY PARAMETER MONITORING
System Size (Number of People Served) | Reduced Number of Sites for Water Quality Parameters |
greater than 100,000 | 10 |
10,001 to 100,000 | 7 |
3,301 to 10,000 | 3 |
501 to 3,300 | 2 |
101 to 500 | 1 |
less than or equal to 100 | 1 |
A water system may reduce the frequency with which it collects tap samples for applicable water quality parameters specified in 41.4(1) "d"(5)"1" to every three years if it demonstrates during two consecutive monitoring periods that its tap water lead level at the 90th percentile is less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L, that its tap water copper level at the 90th percentile is less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L, and that it also has maintained the range of values for the water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control treatment specified by the department under 567-paragraph 43.7(2)"f. " Monitoring conducted every three years shall be done no later than every third calendar year.
SUMMARY OF MONITORING REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS1
Monitoring Period | Location | Parameters2 | Frequency |
Initial Monitoring | Taps and at entry point(s) to distribution systems | pH, alkalinity, orthophosphate or silica3, calcium, conductivity, temperature | Every 6 months |
After Installation of Corrosion Control | Taps | pH, alkalinity, orthophosphate or silica3, calcium4 | Every 6 months |
Entry point(s) to distribution system6 | pH, alkalinity, if alkalinity is adjusted as part of corrosion control then include the chemical additive dosage rate and concentration, inhibitor dosage rate and inhibitor residual5 | At least every two weeks | |
After Department Specifies Parameter Values for Optimal Corrosion Control | Taps | pH, alkalinity, orthophosphate or silica3, calcium4 | Every 6 months |
Entry point(s) to distribution system6 | pH, alkalinity, if alkalinity is adjusted as part of corrosion control then include the chemical additive dosage rate and concentration, inhibitor dosage rate and inhibitor residual5 | At least every two weeks | |
Reduced Monitoring | Taps | pH, alkalinity, orthophosphate or silica3, calcium4 | Every 6 months, annually7, or every 3 years8, at a reduced number of sites |
Entry point(s) to distribution system6 | pH, alkalinity, if alkalinity is adjusted as part of corrosion control then include the chemical additive dosage rate and concentration, inhibitor dosage rate and inhibitor residual5 | At least every two weeks |
1Table is for illustrative purposes; consult the text of this subrule for precise regulatory requirements.
2Small and medium-size systems have to monitor for water quality parameters only during monitoring periods in which the system exceeds the lead or copper action level.
3Orthophosphate must be measured only when an inhibitor containing a phosphate compound is used. Silica must be measured only when an inhibitor containing silicate compound is used.
4Calcium must be measured only when calcium carbonate stabilization is used as part of corrosion control.
5Inhibitor dosage rates and inhibitor residual concentrations (orthophosphate or silica) must be measured only when an inhibitor is used.
6Groundwater systems may limit monitoring to representative locations throughout the systems.
7Water systems may reduce frequency of monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap from every six months to annually if they have maintained the range of values for water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control during three consecutive years of monitoring.
8Water systems may further reduce the frequency of monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap from annually to once every three years if they have maintained the range of values for water quality parameters reflecting optimal corrosion control during three consecutive years of annual monitoring. Water systems may accelerate to triennial monitoring for water quality parameters at the tap if they have maintained 90th percentile lead levels less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L, 90th percentile copper levels less than or equal to 0.65mg/L, and the range of water quality parameters designated by the department under 567-paragraph 43.7(2)"f" as representing optimal corrosion control during two consecutive six-month monitoring periods.
* Groundwater systems shall take a minimum of one sample at every entry point to the distribution system (source entry point) which is representative of each well after treatment. The system shall take one sample at the same source entry point unless conditions make another sampling location more representative of each source or treatment plant.
* Surface water systems and any system with a combination of surface water and groundwater shall take a minimum of one sample at every entry point to the distribution system after any application of treatment or in the distribution system at a point which is representative of each source after treatment. The system shall take each sample at the same sampling point unless conditions make another sampling point more representative of each source or treatment plant.
* If a system draws water from more than one source and the sources are combined before distribution, the system must sample at an entry point to the distribution system during periods of normal operating conditions, when water is representative of all sources being used.
* The system demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the distribution system has been maintained below the maximum permissible lead or copper concentrations specified by the department in 567-subparagraph 43.7(3)"b" (4) during at least three consecutive compliance periods under 41.4(1) "e"(4)"1"; or
* The department has determined that source water treatment is not needed and the system demonstrates that, during at least three consecutive compliance periods in which sampling was conducted under 41.4(1)"e "(4)"1," the concentration of lead in source water was less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and the concentration of copper in source water was less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L.
* The system demonstrates that finished drinking water entering the distribution system has been maintained below the maximum permissible lead and copper concentrations specified by the department in 567-subparagraph 43.7(3)"b" (4) for at least three consecutive years; or
* The department has determined that source water treatment is not needed and the system demonstrates that, during at least three consecutive years, the concentration of lead in source water was less than or equal to 0.005 mg/L and the concentration of copper in source water was less than or equal to 0.65 mg/L.
LEAD, COPPER AND WATER QUALITY PARAMETER ANALYTICAL METHODS
Contaminant | Methodology9 | Reference (Method Number) | ||||
EPA | ASTM3 | SM | SM Online 16 | USGS5 or Other | ||
Alkalinity | Titrimetric | D1067-92B, 02B, 06B, 11B | 2320 BU. 15.18 | 2320 B-97 | ||
Electrometric titration | I-1030-85 | |||||
Calcium | EDTA titrimetric | D511-93A, 03A, 09A, 14A | 3500-Ca D-4 | 3500-Ca B-97 | ||
3500-Ca B12, 15, 18 | 3500-Ca B-97 | |||||
Atomic absorption; direct aspiration | D511-93B, 03B, 09B, 14B | 31H B4, 15, 18 | 3111 B-99 | |||
Inductively coupled plasma | 200.72 | 3120B11,15,18 | 3120 B-99 | |||
Ion chromatography | D6919-03, 09 | |||||
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES) | 200.5, Rev. 4.217 | |||||
Chloride | Ion chromatography Potentiometric titration | 300.08, 300.113 | D4327-97, 03 | 4110B11,15 4500-C1- D11. 15 | 4550 B-00 4500-C1-D-97 | |
Argentometric titration | D512-89B (reapproved 1999), D512-04B | 4500-C1-311,15 | 4500-C1-B-97 | |||
Capillary ion electrophoresis | D6508, Rev. 214 | |||||
Conductivity | Conductance | D1125-95A (reapproved 1999), 14A | 2510B11,15,18 | 2510 B-97 | ||
Copper6 | Atomic absorption; furnace technique | D1688-95C, 02C, 07C, 12C | 3113 B4, 15, 18 | 3113 B-99,04, 10 | ||
Atomic absorption; direct aspiration | D1688-95A, 02A, 07A, 12A | 3111 B4, 15, 18 | 3111 B-99 | |||
Inductively coupled plasma | 200.72 | 3120B11,15,18 | 3120 B-99 | |||
Inductively coupled plasma; mass spectrometry | 200.82 | |||||
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES) | 200.5, Rev. 4.217 | |||||
Atomic absorption; platform furnace | 200.92 | |||||
Colorimetric | Hach Method 802619 Hach Method 1027220 | |||||
Lead6 | Atomic absorption; furnace technique | D3559-96D, 03D, 08D | 3113 B4,15,18 | 3113B-99,04, 10 | ||
Inductively coupled plasma; mass spectrometry | 200.82 | |||||
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES) | 200.5, Rev. 4.217 | |||||
Atomic absorption; platform furnace technique | 200.92 | |||||
Differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry | Method 100110 | |||||
PH | Electrometric | 150.11 | D1293-95, 99, 12 | 4500-H+ B11,15,18 | 4500-H+ B-00 | |
150.21 | ||||||
Orthophosphate (Unfiltered, no digestion or hydrolysis) | Colorimetric, automated, ascorbic acid | 365.18 | 4500-P F11,15,18 | 4500-P F-99 | Thermo Fisher Discrete Analyzer2 ! | |
Colorimetric, ascorbic acid, single reagent | D515-88A | 4500-P E11,15,18. | 4500-P E-99 | |||
Colorimetric, phosphomolybdate; | 1-1602-85 | |||||
Automated-segmented flow | 1-2601-908 | |||||
Automated discrete | 1-2598-85 | |||||
Ion chromatography | 300.07, 300.113 | D4327-97, 03, 11 | 4110 B11,15,18 | 4110 B-00 | ||
Capillary ion electrophoresis | D6508, Rev. 2M | |||||
Silica | Colorimetric, molybdate blue | 1-1700-85 | ||||
Automated-segmented flow Colorimetric | D859-95, 00, 05, 10 | 1-2700-85 | ||||
Molybdosilicate | 4500-Si D4, | 4500-SiO2 C-97 | ||||
4500-SiO2 C 12,15,18 | 4500-SiO2 C-97 | |||||
Heteropoly blue | 4500-Si E15 | 4500-SiO2 D-97 | ||||
4500-SiO2 D12,15,18 | 4500-SiO2 D-97 | |||||
Automated method for molybdate-reactive silica | 4500-Si F 4500-SiO2 E12, 15, 18 | 4500-SiO2 E-97 | ||||
Inductively coupled plasma6 | 200.72 | 3120 B11,15,18 | 3120 B-99 | |||
Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES) | 200.5, Rev. 4.217 | |||||
Sulfate | Ion chromatography | 300.07, 300.113 | D4327-97, 03 | 411011,15,18 | 4110 B-00 | |
Automated methylthymol blue | 375.27 | 4500-SO4F11,15. | 4500-SO4-2 F-97 | |||
Gravimetric | 4500-SO4C11,15 en. | 45OO-SO4-2 C-97 | ||||
4500-SO4D11,15 | 45OO-SO4-2 D-97 | |||||
Turbidimetric | D516-90, 02, 07 | 4500-SO4E11,15 | 45OO-SO4-2 E-97 | |||
Capillary ion electrophoresis | D6508, Rev. 2I4 | |||||
Temperature | Thermometric | 2550B11,15,18 | 2550-00, 10 | |||
Total Filterable Residue (TDS) | Gravimetric | 2540C11,15 | 2540 C-97 | |||
The procedures shall be done in accordance with the documents listed below. The incorporation by reference of the following documents was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51. Copies of the documents may be obtained from the sources listed below. Information regarding obtaining these documents can be obtained from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800)426-4791. Documents may be inspected at EPA's Drinking Water Docket, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460 (telephone: (202)260-3027); or at the Office of Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC.
1"Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes," EPA-600/4-79-020, March 1983. Available at NTIS as PB84-128677.
2"Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples," EPA-600/4-91-010, June 1991. Available at NTIS as PB91-231498.
3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1994, 1996, 1999, or 2003, Vols. 11.01 and 11.02, American Society for Testing and Materials, International; the methods listed are the only versions that may be used. The previous versions of D1688-95A and D1688-95C (copper), D3559-95D (lead), D1293-95 (pH), D1125-91A (conductivity), and D859-94 (silica) are also approved. These previous versions, D1688-90A, C, D3559-90D, D1293-84, D1125-91A and D859-88, respectively, are located in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1994, Volume 11.01. Copies may be obtained from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428 orwww.astm.org.
418th and 19th editions of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992 and 1995, respectively, American Public Health Association. Either edition may be used. Copies may be obtained from the American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
5Techniques of Water Resources Investigation of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 5, Chapter A-l, 3rd ed., 1989. Available from Information Services, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25286, Denver, CO 80225-0425.
6Samples may not be filtered. Samples that contain less than 1 NTU (Nephelometric turbidity unit) and are properly preserved (concentrated nitric acid to pH < 2) may be analyzed directly (without digestion) for total metals; otherwise, digestion is required. When digestion is required, the total recoverable technique as defined in the method must be used.
7"Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples," EPA/600/R-93/100, August 1993. Available at NTIS as PB94-120821.
8"Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments, Open File Report 93-125." Available from Information Services, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25286, Denver, CO 80225-0425.
9Because MDLs reported in EPA Methods 200.7 and 200.9 were determined using a 2X preconcentration step during sample digestion, MDLs determined when samples are analyzed by direct analysis (i.e., no sample digestion) will be higher. Preconcentration may be required for direct analysis of lead by Methods 200.9, 3113B, and 3559-90D unless multiple in-furnace depositions are made.
10The description for Method 1001 is available from Palintest, Ltd., 21 Kenton Lands Road, P.O. Box 18395, Erlanger, KY 41018; or from the Hach Company, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80538.
11The 18th, 19th, and 20th editions of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992, 1995, and 1998, respectively, American Public Health Association. Any edition may be used, except that the versions of 3111B and 3113B in the 20th edition may not be used. Copies may be obtained from the American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
12The 20th edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1998, American Public Health Association. Copies may be obtained from the American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
13"Methods for the Determination of Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Drinking Water," Vol. 1, EPA 815-R-00-014, August 2000. Available at NTIS, PB2000-106981.
14Method D6508, Rev. 2, "Test Method for Determination of Dissolved Inorganic Anions in Aqueous Matrices Using Capillary Ion Electrophoresis and Chromate Electrolyte," available from Waters Corp., 34 Maple Street, Milford, MA 01757; telephone: (508)482-2131.
15Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st edition (2005), American Public Health Association. Available from the American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
16Standard Methods Online is available at www.standardmethods.org The year in which each method was approved by the Standard Methods Committee is designated by the last two digits in the method number. The methods listed are the only online versions that may be used.
17EPA Method 200.5, Revision 4.2: "Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking Water by Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry," 2003. EPA/600/R-06/115. Available at www.nemi.gov .
18Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22nd edition (2012), American Public Health Association. Available from the American Public Health Association, 800 I Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
19Hach Company. "Hach Method 8026 - Spectrophotometric Measurement of Copper in Finished Drinking Water," December 2015, Revision 1.2. Available from www.hach.com .
20Hach Company. "Hach Method 10272 - Spectrophotometric Measurement of Copper in Finished Drinking Water," December 2015, Revision 1.2. Available from www.hach.com .
21Thermo Fisher. "Thermo Fisher Scientific Drinking Water Orthophosphate Method for Thermo Scientific Gallery Discrete Analyzer," February 2016. Revision 5. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Ratastie 2 01620 Vantaa, Finland.
Iowa Admin. Code r. 567-41.4