19 Del. Admin. Code § 1322-3.0

Current through Register Vol. 28, No. 5, November 1, 2024

Section 1322-3.0 - Concepts and Definitions

3.1 This section presents definitions and explanations to provide a basic understanding of elements inherent in collecting wage data and issuing wage determinations, and enforcing prevailing rates.

3.1.1 Activity Covered. 29 Del.C. § 6960 The prevailing wage law applies to every contract or aggregate of contracts relating to a public works project in excess of $500,000 for now construction (including painting or decorating) or $45,000 for alteration, repair, renovation, rehabilitation, demolition or reconstruction (including painting and decorating of building or works) to which this State or any subdivision thereof is a party and for which the State appropriated any part of the funds and which requires or involves the employment of mechanics and/or laborers.

3.1.2 "Building" or "Work". The terms "building" or "work" generally include construction activity as distinguished from manufacturing, furnishing of materials, or servicing and maintenance work. The terms include without limitation, buildings, structures, and improvements of all types, such as bridges, dams, plants, highways, parkways, streets, tunnels, sewers, mains, power lines, pumping stations, heavy generators, railways, airports, terminals, docks, piers, wharves, buoys, jetties, breakwaters, levees, canals, dredging, shoring, rehabilitation and reactivation of plants, scaffolding, drilling, blasting, excavating, clearing, and landscaping. The manufacture or furnishing of materials, articles, supplies or equipment is not a "building" or "work" within the meaning of the regulations unless conducted at the site of such a building or work.

3.1.3 Laborers and Mechanics. The terms "laborer" and "mechanic" includes at least those workers whose duties are manual or physical in nature (including those workers who use tools or who are performing the work of a trade), as distinguished from mental or managerial. The term "laborer" or "mechanic" includes apprentices and Supportive Service Program (SSP) trainees. The term does not apply to workers whose duties are primarily administrative, executive, or clerical, rather than manual. Persons employed in a bona fide executive, administrative, or professional capacity are not deemed to be laborers or mechanics. Working foremen who devote more than twenty (20) percent of their time during a workweek to mechanic or laborer duties are deemed to be laborers and mechanics for the time so spent.

The terms "laborers" and "mechanics" do not apply to watchmen, guards, dispatchers, or weighmasters. The following classifications of workers are recognized by the Department:

Asbestos Workers

Boilermakers

Bricklayers

Carpenters

Cement Finishers

Diver

Diver Tender

Electrical Line Worker

Electricians

Elevator Constructors

Glaziers

Insulators

Iron Workers

Laborers

Millwrights

Painters

Pile Driver

Plasterers

Plumbers/Pipefitters/Steamfitters

Power Equipment Operators

Roofer- Composition

Roofer - Shingle, Slate and Tile

Sheet Metal Workers

Soft Floor Layers

Sprinkler Fitters

Terrazzo/Marble/Tile Setters

Terrazzo/Marble/Tile Finishers

Truck Drivers

Definitions for each classification are contained in a separate document entitled, "Classifications of Workers Under Delaware's Prevailing Wage Law." Workers shall be classified by the Department of Labor. Classification determinations shall be recorded by the Department as they are made.

Laborers and mechanics are to be paid the appropriate wage rates for the classification of work actually performed, without regard to skill.

3.1.4 Apprentices and Supportive Service Program Trainees.

3.1.4.1 Definitions. As used in this section:

3.1.4.1.1 The term "apprentice" means persons who are indentured and employed in a bona fide apprenticeship program and individually registered with the Delaware Department of Labor.

3.1.4.1.2 The term "apprenticeship agreement" means a written agreement between an apprentice and either his/her employer or a joint apprenticeship committee which contains the terms and conditions of the employment and training of the apprentice.

3.1.4.1.3 The term "apprenticeship program" means a complete plan of terms and conditions for the employment and training of apprentices.

3.1.4.1.4 The term "Joint apprenticeship committee" means a local committee equally representative of employers and employees which has been established by a group of employers with a bona fide bargaining agent or agents to direct the training of apprentices with whom it has made agreements.

3.1.4.1.5 The term "registration" means the approval by the Department of Labor of an apprenticeship program or agreement as meeting the basic standards adopted by the Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training, United States Department of Labor. The term "registration" for SSP Trainees means the individual registration of a participant in a program which has received prior approval, evidenced by formal certification by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration.

3.1.4.1.6 The term "SSP Trainee" or "trainee" means a participant in the "Supportive Service Program" mandated by the Federal Highway Administration for federally aided state highway projects.

3.1.4.2 Employment of Apprentices and SSP Trainees on State Projects.

3.1.4.2.1 Apprentices and SSP Trainees will be permitted to work as such on State contracts in excess of $500,000 for new construction or $45,000 for alteration, repair, renovation, rehabilitation, demolition or reconstruction only when they are registered with the Department of Labor or an approved SSP Training Program.

3.1.4.2.2 The mechanic's rate on all such State contracts is that rate determined by the Department of Labor. The percentage of the mechanic's rate that the registered apprentice or SSP Trainee receives will be the percentage that the apprentice or trainee qualifies for under the terms of the individual's formal Apprenticeship/Trainee agreement.

3.1.4.2.3 Any person employed at an apprentice or trainee wage rate who is not registered as above, shall be paid the wage rate determined by the Department of Labor for the classification of work (s)he actually performed.

3.1.4.2.4 The ratio of apprentices to mechanics on the site of any work covered by 29 Del.C. § 6960 in any craft classification may not be greater than the ratio permitted to the contractor for the entire workforce under the registered apprenticeship program. Any apprentice performing work on the job site in excess of the ratio permitted under the registered program must be paid not less than the wage rate that the applicable wage determination specifies for the work (s)he actually performs. Entitlement to mechanic's wages shall be based upon seniority in the apprenticeship program or (in the case of equal seniority) seniority on the job site.

3.1.4.3 Records.

3.1.4.3.1 Every employer who employs an apprentice or SSP trainee under this part must keep the records required by 19 Del.C. Chs. 9 and 11, including designation of apprentices or trainees on the payroll. In addition, every employer who employs apprentices or SSP trainees shall preserve the agreements under which the individuals were employed.

3.1.4.3.2 Every joint apprenticeship committee or SSP Program sponsor shall keep a record of the cumulative amount of work experience gained by the apprentice or trainee.

3.1.4.3.3 Every joint apprenticeship committee shall keep a list of the employers to whom the apprentice was assigned and the period of time (s)he worked for each. Every SSP Program sponsor shall keep a list of the projects to which the trainee was assigned and the period of time (s)he worked on each.

3.1.4.3.4 The records required by sections 3.1.4.3.1, 3.1.4.3.2, and 3.1.4.3.3 shall be maintained and preserved for at least three (3) years from the termination of the apprenticeship or training period. Such records shall be kept safe and accessible at the place or places of employment or at a central location where such records are customarily maintained. All records shall be available at any time for inspection and copying by the Department of Labor.

3.1.5 Working Foremen. 29 Del.C. § 6960 does not apply to (and therefore survey data are not collected for) workers whose duties are primarily administrative, executive or clerical, rather than manual. However, working foremen who devote more than twenty (20) percent of their time during a workweek to mechanic or laborer duties are laborers and mechanics for the time so spent and data will be collected for the hours spent as laborers or mechanics.

3.1.6 Helpers. Helper classifications are not recognized by the Department of Labor. All laborers and mechanics are to be paid the appropriate wage rate for the classification of work actually performed, without regard to skill.

3.1.7 Construction Projects. In the wage determination process, the term "project" refers to construction activity as distinguished from manufacturing, furnishing of materials, or servicing and maintenance work away from the site of the work and consists of all construction necessary to complete a facility regardless of the number of contracts involved so long as all contracts awarded are closely related in the purpose, time and place. For example, demolition or site clearing work preparatory to construction is considered a part of the project.

3.1.7.1 Character Similar. 29 Del.C. § 6960 requires the predetermination of wage rates which are prevailing on projects of a "character similar to the construction work." As a general rule, the Department identifies projects by end use type and classifies then into three major categories:

3.1.7.1.1 Building Construction. Building construction generally is the construction of sheltered enclosures with walk-in access for the purpose of housing persons, machinery, equipment, or supplies. It includes all construction of such structures, the installation of utilities and the installation of equipment, both above and below grade level as well as incidental grading, utilities and paving. Additionally, such structures need not be "habitable" to be building construction. The installation of heavy machinery and/or equipment shall not change the project's character as a building. Examples: Alterations and additions to nonresidential buildings; Apartment buildings (5 stories and above); Arenas (enclosed); Auditoriums; Automobile parking garages; Banks and financial buildings; Barracks; Churches; Hospitals; Hotels; Industrial buildings; Institutional buildings; Libraries; Mausoleums; Motels; Museums; Nursing and convalescent facilities; Office buildings; Outpatient clinics; Passenger and freight terminal buildings; Police stations; Post offices; City halls; Civic centers; Commercial buildings; Court houses; Detention facilities; Dormitories; Farm buildings; Fire stations; Power plants; Prefabricated buildings; Remodeling buildings; Renovating buildings; Repairing buildings; Restaurants; Schools; Service stations; Shopping centers; Stores; Subway stations; Theaters; Warehouses; Water and sewage treatment plants (building only).

3.1.7.1.2 Heavy Construction. Heavy projects are those that are not properly classified as either "building" or "highway". Unlike these classifications, heavy construction is not a homogeneous classification. Examples of Heavy construction: Antenna towers; Bridges (major bridges designed for commercial navigation); Breakwaters; Caissons (other than building or highway); Canals; Channels; Channel cut-offs; Chemical complexes or facilities (other than buildings); Cofferdams; Coke ovens; Dams; Demolition (not incidental to construction); Dikes; Docks; Drainage projects; Dredging projects; Electrification projects (outdoor); Flood control projects; Industrial incinerators (other than building); Irrigation projects; Jetties; Kilns; Land drainage (not incidental to other construction); Land leveling (not incidental to other construction); Land reclamation; Levees; Locks, Waterways; oil refineries; Pipe lines; Ponds; Pumping stations (pre-fabricated drop-in units); Railroad construction; Reservoirs; Revetments; Sewage collection and disposal lines; Sewers (sanitary, storm, etc.); Shoreline maintenance; Ski tows; Storage tanks; swimming pools (outdoor); Subways (other than buildings); Tipples; Tunnels; Unsheltered piers and wharves; Viaducts (other than highway); Water mains; Waterway construction; Water supply lines (not incidental to building); Water and sewage treatment plants (other than buildings); Wells.

3.1.7.1.3 Highway Construction. Highway projects include the construction, alteration or repair of roads, streets, highways, runways, taxiways, alleys, trails, paths, parking areas, greenway projects and other similar projects not incidental to building or heavy construction. Examples: Alleys; Base courses; Bituminous treatments; Bridle paths; Concrete pavement; Curbs; Excavation and embankment (for road construction); Fencing (highway); Grade crossing elimination (overpasses or underpasses); Parking lots; Parkways; Resurfacing streets and highways; Roadbeds; Roadways; Shoulders; Stabilizing courses; Storm sewers incidental to road construction; Street Paving; Guard rails on highway; Highway signs; Highway bridges (overpasses; underpasses; grade separation); Medians; Surface courses; Taxiways; Trails.

3.1.7.1.4 Multiple Categories. In some cases a project includes construction items that in themselves encompass different categories of construction. Generally, a project is considered mixed and a "multiple schedule" used if the construction items are substantial in relation to project cost, i.e. more than twenty (20) percent. Only one schedule is used if construction items are "incidental" in function to the overall character of a project (e.g., paving of parking lots or an access road on a building project), and if there is not a substantial amount of construction in the second category.

3.1.7.2 Site of Work. A basic characteristic of the construction industry is the continual shift in the site of employment. 29 Del.C. § 6960 provides that prevailing wages are to be paid to "...all mechanics and laborers employed directly upon the site of the work..." (emphasis added). The site of the work is limited to the physical place or places where the construction called for in the contract will remain when work on it has been completed.

3.1.8 Prevailing Wage Rates. Every contract and the specifications for every contract to which section 6960 applies are required to contain a provision stating the minimum wages to be paid various classes of laborers and mechanics. These rates are to be based upon the wages that the Department of Labor determines to be prevailing for the corresponding classes of laborers and mechanics employed on projects of a character similar to the contract work in the county in which the work is to be performed, as reported in the Department's annual prevailing wage survey.

The prevailing wage shall be the wage paid to a majority of employees performing similar work as reported in the Department's annual prevailing wage survey or, in the absence of a majority, the weighted average wage paid to all employees reported.

3.1.9 Wages. The term "wages" means the basic hourly rate of pay plus fringe benefits as defined below.

3.1.10 Fringe Benefits.

3.1.10.1 Fringe benefits may be considered in determining whether an employer has met his/her prevailing wage obligations. To be considered a "bona fide" fringe benefit for purposes of the Act, a fringe benefit plan, fund, or program must constitute a legally enforceable obligation which meets the following criteria:

3.1.10.1.1 The provisions of a plan, fund, or program adopted by the contractor, or by contract as a result of collective bargaining, must be specified in writing, and must be communicated in writing to the affected employees. Contributions must be made pursuant to the terms of such plan, fund, or program. The plan may be either contractor-financed or a joint contractor-employee contributory plan. For example, employer contributions to Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) approved by IRS are permissible. However, any contributions made by employees must be voluntary. No contribution toward fringe benefits made by the employees themselves, or fringe benefits provided from monies deducted from the employee's wages may be included or used by an employer in satisfying any part of any fringe benefit obligation under the Act.

3.1.10.1.2 The primary purpose of the plan must be to provide systematically for the payment of benefits to employees on account of death, disability, advanced age, retirement, illness, medical expenses, hospitalization, and supplemental unemployment benefits.

3.1.10.1.3 The plan must contain a definite formula for determining the amount to be contributed by the contractor and a definite formula for determining the benefits for each of the employees participating in the plan.

3.1.10.1.4 Except as provided in subsection 3.1 .10.2, the contractor's contributions must be paid irrevocably to a trustee or third person pursuant to an insurance agreement, trust or other funded arrangement. The trustee must assume the usual fiduciary responsibilities imposed upon trustees by applicable law. The trust or fund must be set up in such a way that the contractor, its owners, officers, or business, will not be able to recapture any of the contributions paid in nor in any way divert the funds to its own use or benefit. In order to be considered a valid fringe benefit, payments must be made either in cash, or contributed to an irrevocable escrow account at least once each month.

3.1.10.2 Unfunded self-insured fringe benefit plans (other than fringe benefits such as vacations and holidays which by their nature are normally unfunded) under which contractors allegedly make "out of pocket" payments to provide benefits as expenses may arise, rather than making irrevocable contributions to a trust or other funded arrangement as required under subsection 3.1 .10.1.4, are not normally considered "bona fide" plans or equivalent benefits.

3.1.10.2.1 A contractor may request approval by the Administrator of an unfunded self-insured plan, in advance, in order to allow credit for payments under the plan to meet the fringe benefit requirements. In considering whether such a plan is bona fide, the Administrator will consider such factors as whether it could be reasonably anticipated to provide the prescribed benefits, whether it represents a legally enforceable commitment to provide such benefits, whether it is carried out under a financially responsible program, and whether the plan has been communicated to the employees in writing. The Administrator in his/her discretion may direct that assets be set aside and preserved in an escrow account or that other protections be afforded to meet the plan's future obligation. The Administrator will not approve, under any circumstances, a plan that benefits the contractor, its owners, officers, or business.

3.1.10.3 No benefit required by any other Federal law or by any State or local law, such as unemployment compensation, workers' compensation, or social security, is a fringe benefit.

3.1.10.4 The furnishing to an employee of board, lodging, or other facilities, are not "bona fide" wages or fringe benefits or equivalent benefits.

3.1.10.5 The furnishing of facilities which are primarily for the benefit or convenience of the contractor or the cost of which is properly a business expense of the contractor is not the furnishing of a "bona fide" fringe benefit or equivalent benefit or the payment of wages. This would be true of such items, for example, as relocation expenses, travel and transportation expenses incident to employment, incentive or suggestion awards, and recruitment bonuses, as well as tools and other materials and services incidental to the employer's performance of the contract and the carrying on of his business, and the cost of furnishing, laundering, and maintaining uniforms and/or related apparel or equipment where employees are required by the contractor, by the contractor's state contract, by law, or by the nature of the work to wear such items.

3.1.10.6 Contributions by contractors for such items as social functions or parties for employees, flowers, cards, or gifts on employee birthdays, anniversaries, etc. (sunshine funds), employee rest or recreation rooms, paid coffee breaks, magazine subscriptions, and professional association or club dues, may not be used to offset any wages or fringe benefits specified in the contract, as such items are not "bona fide" wages or fringe benefits or equivalent benefits.

3.1.10.7 The actual cost of the benefit to the employer is the basis for evaluating the value of the fringe benefit. Administration costs are not considered fringe benefits. The cost of the benefits must be apportioned between employment on both public and private projects. Thus, the total value of the benefit would be divided by the total amount of time worked. This will result in benefit per unit of time which would be equally applicable to public and private employment projects. Example: an employee works two weeks (80 hours) on a public project and two weeks (80 hours) on a private project. The employer pays $160 for the employee's health insurance for the month. The value of the benefit is $1.00 per hour. The employer is not permitted to apply the entire premium to the public project alone.

3.1.11 Peak Week. In determining prevailing wages, the Department utilizes a "peak week" survey concept to ensure that wage and fringe benefit data obtained from employers reflects for each classification, the payroll period during which the greatest number of workers in each classification are used on a project. The survey solicits the number of employees and wages paid at each given rate during the peak week. The contractor or reporting organization selects the week (between July 1 to December 31 of the previous year) during which the greatest number of each classification of laborers and mechanics was working. Peak weeks may be different for each classification of worker.

3.1.12 Wage Determinations. A "wage determination" is the listing of wages (including fringe benefits) for each classification of laborers and mechanics, which the Administrator has determined to be prevailing in a given county and type of construction. Wage determinations are issued annually.

3.1.13 Maintenance Work. To "maintain" means to preserve or keep in an existing state or condition to prevent a decline, lapse, or cessation from that state or condition. Wages paid to workers performing maintenance work shall not be used in determining prevailing wage rates.

3.1.14 Area. The term "area" in determining wage rates under 29 Del.C. § 6960s hall mean the county of the State in which the work is to be performed. The term "area" in determining classifications of workers under 29 Del.C. § 6960 shall mean the State of Delaware.

3.1.15 Secretary. "Secretary" means the Secretary of Labor for the State of Delaware.

3.1.16 Administrator. "Administrator" means the Administrator of the Office of Labor Law Enforcement for the Delaware Department of Labor, Division of Industrial Affairs.

3.1.17 Department. "Department" means the Delaware Department of Labor.

19 Del. Admin. Code § 1322-3.0

1 DE Reg. 519 (11/01/97)
4 DE Reg. 1186 (01/01/01)
5 DE Reg. 205 (07/01/01)
7 DE Reg. 518 (10/01/03)
19 DE Reg. 415 (11/1/2015)
22 DE Reg. 403 (11/1/2018) (Final)