105 CMR, § 120.005
As used in 105 CMR 120.000, these terms have the definitions set forth in 105 CMR 120.005. Additional definitions used only in a certain Section will be found in that Section.
105 CMR 120.000 means all Sections of the Massachusetts Regulations for the Control of Radiation.
Absorbed Dose means the energy imparted by ionizing radiation per unit mass of irradiated material. The units of absorbed dose are the gray (Gy) and the rad.
Accelerator means any machine capable of accelerating electrons, protons, deuterons, or other charged particles in a vacuum and of discharging the resultant particulate or other radiation into a medium at energies usually in excess of 1 MeV. For purposes of Accelerator, "particle accelerator" is an equivalent term.
Accelerator-produced Material means any material made radioactive by a particle accelerator.
Activity means the rate of disintegration or transformation or decay of radioactive material. The units of activity are the becquerel (Bq) and the curie (Ci).
Adult means an individual 18 years of age or older.
Agency means the Radiation Control Program of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
Agreement State means any State with which the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission has entered into an effective agreement under § 274b of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (St. 1973, c. 689).
Airborne Radioactive Material means any radioactive material dispersed in the air in the form of dusts, fumes, particulates, mists, vapors, or gases.
Airborne Radioactivity Area means a room, enclosure, or area in which airborne radioactive materials exist in concentrations:
(a) In excess of the derived air concentrations (DACs) specified in 105 CMR 120.200: Appendix B, Table I; or
(b) To such a degree that an individual present in the area without respiratory protective equipment could exceed, during the hours an individual is present in a week, an intake of 0.6% of the annual limit on intake (ALI) or 12 DAC- hours.
Airline Respirator (seeSupplied-air Respirator (SAR) ).
Air-purifying Respirator means a respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying element.
Alert means events may occur, are in progress, or have occurred that could lead to a release of radioactive material but that the release is not expected to require a response by offsite response organizations to protect persons offsite.
As Low as is Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) means making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to radiation as far below the dose limits in 105 CMR 120.000 as is practical, consistent with the purpose for which the licensed or registered activity is undertaken, taking into account the state of technology, the economics of improvements in relation to state of technology, the economics of improvements in relation to benefits to the public health and safety, and other societal and socioeconomic considerations, and in relation to utilization of ionizing radiation and licensed or registered sources of radiation in the public interest.
Assigned Protection Factor (APF) means the expected workplace level of respiratory protection that would be provided by a properly functioning respirator or a class of respirators to properly trained and fitted users. Operationally, the inhaled concentration can be estimated by dividing the ambient airborne concentration by the APF.
Atmosphere-supplying Respirator means a respirator that supplies the respirator user with breathing air from a source independent of the ambient atmosphere, and includes supplied-air respirators (SAR's) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) units.
Background Radiation means radiation from cosmic sources; non-technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material, including radon, except as a decay product of source or special nuclear material, and including global fallout as it exists in the environment from the testing of nuclear explosive devices or from past nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl that contribute to background radiation and are not under the control of the licensee or registrant. "Background radiation" does not include sources of radiation from radioactive materials regulated by the Agency.
Becquerel (Bq) means the SI unit of activity. One becquerel is equal to one disintegration or transformation per second (dps or tps).
Bioassay means the determination of kinds, quantities, or concentrations, and, in some cases, the locations of radioactive material in the human body, whether by direct measurement (in vivo counting), or by analysis and evaluation of materials excreted or removed from the human body. For purposes of 105 CMR 120.000, Radiobioassay is an equivalent term.
Brachytherapy means a method of radiation therapy in which sealed sources are utilized to deliver a radiation dose at a distance of up to a few centimeters, by surface, intracavitary, or interstitial application.
Byproduct Material means:
(1) Any radioactive material (except special nuclear material) yielded in, or made radioactive by, exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or using special nuclear material;
(2)
(a) Any discrete source of radium-226 that is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction, before, on, or after August 8, 2005, for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity; or
(b) Any material that:
1. Has been made radioactive by use of a particle accelerator; and
2. Is produced, extracted, or converted after extraction, before, on, or after August 8, 2005, for use for a commercial, medical, or research activity; and
(3) Any discrete source of naturally occurring radioactive material, other than source material, that:
(a) The Commission, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the head of any other appropriate Federal agency, determines would pose a threat similar to the threat posed by a discrete source of radium-226 to the public health and safety or the common defense and security; and
(b) Before, on, or after August 8, 2005, is extracted or converted after extraction for use in a commercial, medical, or research activity.
Calendar Quarter means not less than 12 consecutive weeks nor more than 14 consecutive weeks. The first calendar quarter of each year shall begin in January and subsequent calendar quarters shall be so arranged such that no day is included in more than one calendar quarter and no day in any one year is omitted from inclusion within a calendar quarter. The method observed by the licensee or registrant for determining calendar quarters shall only be changed at the beginning of a year.
Calibration means the determination of:
(1) the response or reading of an instrument relative to a series of known radiation values over the range of the instrument; or
(2) the strength of a source of radiation relative to a standard.
CFR means Code of Federal Regulations.
Chelating Agent means amine polycarboxylic acids, hydroxy-carboxylic acids, gluconic acid, and polycarboxylic acids.
CMR means Code of Massachusetts Regulations.
Collective Dose means the sum of the individual doses received in a given period of time by a specified population from exposure to a specified source of radiation.
Commissioner means the Commissioner, Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
Committed Dose Equivalent (HT,50) means the dose equivalent to organs or tissues of reference (T) that will be received from an intake of radioactive material by an individual during the 50-year period following the intake.
Committed Effective Dose Equivalent (HE,50) means the sum of the products of the weighting factors applicable to each of the body organs or tissues that are irradiated and the committed dose equivalent to each of these organs or tissues (HE,50 = [SIGMA] wT HT,50).
Confirmatory Action Letters means letters, confirming a licensee's, registrant's, or vendor's agreement to take certain actions to remove significant concerns about health and safety, safeguards, or the environment.
Consortium means an association of medical use licensees and a PET radionuclide production facility in the same geographical area that jointly own or share in the operation and maintenance cost of the PET radionuclide production facility that produces PET radionuclides for use in producing radioactive drugs within the consortium for noncommercial distributions among its associated members for medical use. The PET radionuclide production facility within the consortium must be located at an educational institution or a Federal facility or a medical facility.
Constraint (Dose Constraint) means a value above which specified licensee actions are required.
Critical Group means the group of individuals reasonably expected to receive the greatest exposure to residual radioactivity for any applicable set of circumstances.
Curie means a unit of quantity of activity. One curie (Ci) is that quantity of radioactive material which decays at the rate of 3.7 x 1010 "disintegrations or transformations per second (dps or tps). Commonly used submultiples of the curie are the millicurie and the microcurie. One millicurie (mCi) = 1 x 10-3 curie = 3.7 x 10 7 tps. One microcurie (µCi) = 1 x 10-6 curie = 3.7 x 104 tps. One nanocurie (nCi) = 1 x 10-9 curie = 3.7 x 101 tps. One picocurie (pCi) = 1 x 10-12 curie = 10-2 tps.
Cyclotron means a particle accelerator in which the charged particles travel in an outward spiral or circular path. A cyclotron accelerates charged particles at energies usually in excess of ten megaelectron volts and is commonly used for production of short half-life radionuclides for medical use. (See105 CMR 120.005: Accelerator).
Decommission means to remove safely from service and reduce residual radioactivity to a level that permits release of the property for unrestricted use and/or termination of license.
Deep Dose Equivalent (Hd) means the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of one centimeter (1000 mg/cm2) and applies to external whole body exposure.
Demand Respirator means an atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits breathing air to the face piece only when a negative pressure is created inside the facepiece by inhalation.
Department means the Department of Public Health.
Depleted Uranium means the source material uranium in which the isotope uranium-235 is less than 0.711 weight percent of the total uranium present. Depleted uranium does not include special nuclear material.
Discrete Source means a radionuclide that has been processed so that its concentration within a material has been purposely increased for use for commercial, medical, industrial, or research activities.
Disposable Respirator means a respirator for which maintenance is not intended and that is designed to be discarded after excessive breathing resistance, sorbent exhaustion, physical damage, or end-of-service-life renders it unsuitable for use. Examples of this type of respirator are a disposable half-mask respirator or a disposable escape-only self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Distinguishable from Background means that the detectable concentration of a radionuclide is statistically different from the background concentration of that radionuclide in the vicinity of the site or, in the case of structures, in similar materials using adequate measurement technology, survey, and statistical techniques.
Dose is a generic term that means absorbed dose, dose equivalent, effective dose equivalent, committed dose equivalent, committed effective dose equivalent, total organ dose equivalent, or total effective dose equivalent. For purposes of 105 CMR 120.000, Radiation Dose is an equivalent term.
Dose Equivalent (HT) means the product of the absorbed dose in tissue, quality factor, and all other necessary modifying factors at the location of interest. The units of dose equivalent are the sievert (Sv) and rem.
Dose Limits means the permissible upper bounds of radiation doses established in accordance with 105 CMR 120.000. For purposes of 105 CMR 120.000, Limits is an equivalent term.
Effective Dose Equivalent (HE means the sum of the products of the dose equivalent to each organ or tissue (H T) and the weighting factor (w T) applicable to each of the body organs or tissues that are irradiated (HE = [SIGMA] wTHT).
Embryo/Fetus means the developing human organism from conception until the time of birth.
Entrance or Access Point means any location through which an individual could gain access to radiation areas or to licensed or registered radioactive materials. This includes entry or exit portals of sufficient size to permit human entry, irrespective of their intended use.
Explosive Material means any chemical compound, mixture, or device which produces a substantial instantaneous release of gas and heat spontaneously or by contact with sparks or flame.
Exposure means being exposed to ionizing radiation or to radioactive material.
Exposure means the quotient of dQ by dm where "dQ" is the absolute value of the total charge of the ions of one sign produced in air when all the electrons (negatrons and positrons) liberated by photons in a volume element of air having mass "dm" are completely stopped in air. The SI unit of Exposure is the coulomb per kilogram (C/kg). See105 CMR 120.014: Units of Exposure and Dose for the special unit.
Exposure Rate means the Exposure per unit of time, such as roentgen per minute and milliroentgen per hour.
External Dose means that portion of the dose equivalent received from any source of radiation outside the body.
Extremity means hand, elbow, arm below the elbow, foot, knee, and leg below the knee.
Filtering Facepiece (Dust Mask) means a negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as an integral part of the facepiece or with the entire facepiece composed of the filtering medium, not equipped with elastomeric sealing surfaces and adjustable straps.
Fit Factor means a quantitative estimate of the fit of a particular respirator to a specific individual, and typically estimates the ratio of the concentration of a substance in ambient air to its concentration inside the respirator when worn.
Fit Test means the use of a protocol to qualitatively evaluate the fit of a respirator on an individual.
Former U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) or U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Licensed Facilities means nuclear reactors, nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, uranium enrichment plants, or critical mass experimental facilities where AEC or NRC licenses have been terminated.
Generally Applicable Environmental Radiation Standards means standards issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the authority of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, that impose limits on radiation exposures or levels, or concentrations or quantities of radioactive material, in the general environment outside the boundaries of locations under the control of persons possessing or using radioactive material.
Gray (Gy) means the SI unit of absorbed dose. One gray is equal to an absorbed dose of 1 joule per kilogram (100 rad).
Half-value layer (HVL) means the thickness of a specified material which attenuates X-radiation or gamma radiation to an extent that the air kerma rate, exposure rate, or absorbed dose rate is reduced to 1/2 of the value measured without the material at the same point.
Hazardous Waste means those wastes designated as hazardous by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulations in 40 CFR Part 261 .
Healing Arts means any discipline which involves the diagnosis or treatment of persons by a practitioner or animals by a veterinarian, and who is licensed for that purpose by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and which discipline includes the intentional exposure of persons and animals to sources of radiation for diagnosis or treatment.
Healing Arts Radiologic Screening means the completion of a procedure that irradiates an individual, with no symptoms or other potential indicators of disease, to ionizing radiation for the purpose of diagnosing the presence or absence of disease within the individual.
Helmet means a rigid respiratory inlet covering that also provides head protection against impact and penetration.
High Radiation Area means an area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 1 mSv (0.1 rem) in one hour at 30 centimeters from any source of radiation or from any surface that the radiation penetrates.
Hood means a respiratory inlet covering that completely covers the head and neck and may also cover portions of the shoulders and torso.
Human Use means the internal or external administration of radiation or radioactive material to human beings.
Individual means any human being.
Individual Monitoring means the assessment of:
(1) Dose equivalent.
(a) by the use of individual monitoring devices; or
(b) by the use of survey data; or
(2) Committed effective dose equivalent.
(a) by bioassay; or
(b) by determination of the time-weighted air concentrations to which an individual has been exposed, that is, DAC-hours. (See the definition of DAC-hours in 105 CMR 120.200) .
Individual Monitoring Devices means devices designed to be worn by a single individual for the assessment of dose equivalent. For purposes of 105 CMR 120.000, Personnel Dosimeter and "dosimeter" are equivalent terms. Examples of individual monitoring devices are film badges, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), pocket ionization chambers, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters, and personal (lapel) air sampling devices.
Inspection means an official examination or observation including but not limited to, tests, surveys, and monitoring to determine compliance with rules, regulations, orders, requirements, and conditions of the Agency.
Instrument Traceability means the ability to show that an instrument has been calibrated at specified time intervals using a national standard or a transfer standard. If a transfer standard is used, the calibration must be at laboratory accredited by a program which requires continuing participation in measurement quality assurance with the National Institute of Standards and Technology or other equivalent national or international program.
Interlock means a device arranged or connected such that the occurrence of an event or condition is required before a second event or condition can occur or continue to occur.
Internal Dose means that portion of the dose equivalent received from radioactive material taken into the body.
Ionizing Radiation (SeeRadiation).
Irradiation means the exposure of a living being or matter to ionizing radiation.
Kilovolt (kV) [Kilo Electron Volt (keV)] means the energy equal to that acquired by a particle with one electron charge in passing through a potential difference of 1,000 volts in a vacuum. [Note: current convention is to use kV for photons and keV for electrons.]
Lead Equivalent means the thickness of the material in question affording the same attenuation, under specified conditions, as lead.
Leakage Radiation means radiation emanating from the diagnostic or therapeutic source assembly except for:
(1) The useful beam; and,
(2) Radiation produced when the exposure switch or timer is not activated.
Lens Dose Equivalent (LDE) means the external exposure to the lens of the eye as the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 0.3 centimeter (300 mg/cm2).
License means a license issued by the Agency in accordance with the regulations adopted by the Agency.
Licensed (or Registered) Material means radioactive material received, possessed, used, transferred or disposed of under a general or specific license [or registration] issued by the Agency.
Licensee means any person who is licensed by the Agency in accordance with 105 CMR 120.000 and M.G.L. c. 111, §§ 3, 5M, 5N, 5O and 5P.
Licensing State means any State which has been finally designated as such by the Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc., which reviews state regulations to establish equivalency with the Suggested State Regulations and ascertains whether a State has an effective program for control of natural occurring or accelerator produced radioactive material (NARM). The Conference will designate as Licensing States those states with regulations for control of radiation relating to, and an effective program for, the regulatory control of NARM.
Limits (SeeDose Limits).
Loose-fitting Facepiece means a respiratory inlet covering that is designed to form a partial seal with the face.
Lost or Missing Source of Radiation means licensed (or registered) source of radiation whose location is unknown. This definition includes, but is not limited to, licensed (or registered) material that has been shipped but has not reached its planned destination and whose location cannot be readily traced in the transportation system.
Major Processor means a user processing, handling, or manufacturing radioactive material exceeding Type A quantities as unsealed sources or material, or exceeding four times Type B quantities as sealed sources, but does not include nuclear medicine programs, universities, industrial radiographers, or small industrial programs. Type A and B quantities are defined in 105 CMR 120.772.
Manifest means a detailed record of the characteristics and quantities of packaged waste as presented for transportation, treatment, storage, or disposal which usually accompanies waste transfers for these purposes.
Member of the Public means an individual except when that individual is receiving an occupational dose.
Minor means an individual less than 18 years of age.
Monitoring means the measurement of radiation, radioactive material concentrations, surface area activities or quantities of radioactive material and the use of the results of these measurements to evaluate potential exposures and doses. For purposes of 105 CMR 120.000, Radiation Monitoring and Radiation Protection Monitoring are equivalent terms.
NARM means any naturally occurring or accelerator-produced radioactive material. It does not include byproduct, source, or special nuclear material.
Nationally Tracked Source means a sealed source containing a quantity equal to or greater than Category 1 or Category 2 levels of any radioactive material listed in 105 CMR 120.298: Appendix D. In this context a sealed source is defined as radioactive material that is sealed in a capsule or closely bonded, in a solid form and which is not exempt from regulatory control. It does not mean material encapsulated solely for disposal, or nuclear material contained in any fuel assembly, subassembly, fuel rod, or fuel pellet. Category 1 nationally tracked sources are those containing radioactive material at a quantity equal to or greater than the Category 1 threshold. Category 2 nationally tracked sources are those containing radioactive material at a quantity equal to or greater than the Category 2 threshold but less than the Category 1 threshold.
Natural Radioactivity means radioactivity of naturally occurring nuclides.
Negative Pressure Respirator (Tight Fitting) means a respirator in which the air pressure inside the facepiece is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.
Non-ionizing Radiation (SeeRadiation).
NORM means any naturally occurring radioactive material. It does not include accelerator produced, byproduct, source, or special nuclear material.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) means the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or its duly authorized representatives.
Occupational Dose means the dose received by an individual in the course of employment in which the individual's assigned duties for the licensee or registrant involve exposure to sources of radiation, whether or not the sources of radiation are in the possession of the licensee, registrant, or other person. Occupational dose does not include dose received: from background radiation, or from any medical administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive material and released in accordance with 105 CMR 120.527, or from voluntary participation in medical research program, or as a member of the public.
Package means the packaging together with its radioactive contents as presented for transport.
Particle Accelerator (SeeAccelerator).
Patient means an individual subjected to healing arts examination, diagnosis, or treatment
Person means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, agency of the commonwealth other than the Department, any political subdivision of the commonwealth, any other state or political subdivision or agency thereof, and any legal successor, representative, agent, or agency of the foregoing, but not including federal government agencies.
Personnel Monitoring Equipment (SeeIndividual Monitoring Devices).
Phantom means a volume of material behaving in a manner similar to tissue with respect to the attenuation and scattering of radiation. This requires that both the atomic number (Z) and the density of the material be similar to that of tissue.
Pharmacist means an individual certified as such under M.G.L. c. 112, § 24 to compound and dispense drugs, prescriptions, and poisons.
Physician means an individual certified as a physician under M.G.L. c. 112, § 2 or corresponding citation of earlier laws.
Positive Pressure Respirator means a respirator in which the pressure inside the respiratory inlet covering exceeds the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radionuclide production facility means a facility operating a cyclotron or accelerator for the purpose of producing PET radionuclides.
Powered Air-purifying Respirator (PAPR) means an air-purifying respirator that uses a blower to force the ambient air through air-purifying elements to the inlet covering.
Pressure Demand Respirator means a positive pressure atmosphere-supplying respirator that admits breathing air to the facepiece when the positive pressure is reduced inside the facepiece by inhalation.
Principal Activities means activities authorized by the license which are essential to achieving the purpose(s) for which the license was issued or amended. Storage during which no licensed material is accessed for use or disposal and activities incidental to decontamination or decommissioning are not principal activities.
Protective Apron means an apron made of radiation-attenuating materials used to reduce exposure to radiation.
Protective Barrier means a barrier of radiation absorbing material(s) used to reduce radiation exposure. The types of protective barriers are as follows:
(1) Primary protective barrier means the material, excluding filters, placed in the useful beam.
(2) Secondary protective barrier means the material which attenuates stray radiation.
Public Dose means the dose received by a member of the public from exposure to sources of radiation released by the licensee or registrant, or to any other source of radiation under the control of the licensee or registrant. Public dose does not include occupational dose, or dose received from background radiation, from any medical administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive material and released in accordance with 105 CMR 120.540, or from voluntary participation in medical research programs.
Pyrophoric Material means any liquid that ignites spontaneously in dry or moist air at or below 130°F (54.4°C) or any solid material, other than one classed as an explosive, which under normal conditions is liable to cause fires through friction, retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily and, when ignited, burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious transportation, handling, or disposal hazard. Included are spontaneously combustible and water-reactive materials.
Qualified Expert means an individual having the knowledge and training to measure ionizing radiation, to evaluate safety techniques, and to advise regarding radiation protection needs, for example, individuals certified in the appropriate field by the American Board of Radiology, or the American Board of Health Physics, or the American Board of Medical Physics, or those having equivalent qualifications. With reference to the calibration of radiation therapy equipment, an individual having, in addition to the above qualifications, training and experience in the clinical applications of radiation physics to radiation therapy, for example, individuals certified in Therapeutic Radiological Physics or X-ray and Radium Physics by the American Board of Radiology, or those having equivalent qualifications.
Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT) means a pass/fail fit test to assess the adequacy of respirator fit that relies on the individual's response to the test agent.
Quality Factor (Q) means the modifying factor, listed in 105 CMR 120.014: Tables I and II, that is used to derive dose equivalent from absorbed dose.
Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT) means an assessment of the adequacy of respirator fit by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator.
Rad means the special unit of absorbed dose. One rad is equal to an absorbed dose of 100 erg per gram or 0.01 joule per kilogram (0.01 gray).
Radiation means alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, x-rays, neutrons, high-speed electrons, high-speed protons, and other particles capable of producing ions. For purposes of 105 CMR 120.000, ionizing radiation is an equivalent term. Radiation, as used in 105 CMR 120.000, does not include non-ionizing radiation, such as radiowaves or microwaves, visible, infrared, or ultraviolet light.
Radiation Area means any area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 0.05 mSv (0.005 rem) in one hour at 30 centimeters from the source of radiation or from any surface that the radiation penetrates.
Radiation Dose (SeeDose).
Radiation Detector means a device which, in the presence of radiation, provides by either direct or indirect means a signal or other indication suitable for use in measuring one or more quantities of incident radiation.
Radiation Machine means any device capable of producing radiation except, those devices with radioactive material as the only source of radiation.
Radiation Safety Officer means an individual who has the knowledge and responsibility to apply appropriate radiation protection regulations and programs and has been assigned such responsibility by the licensee or registrant.
Radioactive Material means any solid, liquid, or gas which emits radiation spontaneously.
Radioactivity means the transformation of unstable atomic nuclei with the emission of radiation.
Radiobioassay (SeeBioassay).
Registrant means any person who is registered with the Agency and is legally obligated to register with the Agency pursuant to 105 CMR 120.000 and M.G.L. c. 111, §§ 3, 5M, 5N, 5O, and 5P.
Registration means registration with the Agency in accordance with the regulations adopted by the Agency.
Regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) means the regulations in 49 CFR Parts 100 through 189.
Rem means the special unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in rem is equal to the absorbed dose in rad multiplied by the quality factor (one rem = 0.01 Sv).
Research and Development means:
(1) theoretical analysis, exploration, or experimentation; or
(2) the extension of investigative findings and theories of a scientific or technical nature into practical application for experimental and demonstration purposes, including the experimental production and testing of models, devices, equipment, materials, and processes. Research and development does not include the internal or external administration of radiation or radioactive material to human beings.
Residual Radioactivity means radioactivity in structures, materials, soils, groundwater, and other media at a site resulting from activities under the licensee's control. This includes radioactivity from all licensed and unlicensed sources used by the licensee, but excludes background radiation. It also includes radioactive materials remaining at the site as a result of routine or accidental releases of radioactive materials at the site and previous burials at the site, even if those burials were made in accordance with the provisions of 105 CMR 120.200.
Restricted Area means an area, access to which is limited by the licensee or registrant for the purpose of protecting individuals against undue risks from exposure to sources of radiation. Restricted area does not include areas used as residential quarters, but separate rooms in a residential building may be set apart as a restricted area.
Roentgen means the special unit of Exposure. One roentgen (R) equals 2.58 x 10-4 coulombs/kilogram of air (seeExposure).
Scattered Primary Radiation means that scattered radiation that has been deviated in direction only by materials irradiated by the useful beam.
Scattered Radiation means ionizing radiation emitted by the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter, the interaction being accompanied by a change in direction of the radiation.
Sealed Source means any radioactive material that is used as a source of radiation and is encased in a capsule designed to prevent leakage or escape of the radioactive material.
Sealed Source and Device Registry means the national registry that contains the registration certificates, generated by both the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Agreement States, that summarize the radiation safety information for sealed sources and devices, and describe the licensing and use conditions approved for the product.
Self-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the breathing air source is designed to be carried by the user.
Shallow Dose Equivalent (HS), which applies to the external exposure of the skin or an extremity, means the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 0.007 centimeter (7 mg/cm2).
Shutter means a device attached to the tube housing assembly which can totally intercept the useful beam and which has a lead equivalency not less than that of the tube housing assembly.
SI means the abbreviation for the International System of Units.
Sievert means the SI unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in sievert is equal to the absorbed dose in gray multiplied by the quality factor (one Sv = 100 rem).
Site Area Emergency means events may occur, are in progress, or have occurred that could lead to a significant release of radioactive material and that could require a response by off-site response organizations to protect persons offsite.
Site Boundary means that line beyond which the land or property is not owned, leased, or otherwise controlled by the licensee or registrant.
Source Material means:
(1) uranium or thorium, or any combination thereof, in any physical or chemical form; or
(2) ores which contain by weight 1/20 of one percent (0.05%) or more of:
(a) uranium;
(b) thorium; or
(c) any combination thereof.
Source material does not include special nuclear material.
Source Material Milling means any activity that results in the production of byproduct material as defined by 105 CMR 120.005: Byproduct Material (2).
Source of Radiation means any radioactive material or any device or equipment emitting, or capable of producing, radiation.
Source Traceability means the ability to show that a radioactive source has been calibrated either by the national standards laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), or by a laboratory which participates in a continuing measurement quality assurance program with NIST or other equivalent national or international program.
Special Form Radioactive Material means radioactive material which satisfies the following conditions:
(1) It is either a single solid piece or is contained in a sealed capsule that can be opened only by destroying the capsule;
(2) The piece or capsule has at least one dimension not less than five millimeters (0.2 inch); and
(3) It satisfies the requirements of 10 CFR 71.75. A special form encapsulation designed in accordance with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements of 10 CFR 71.4 in effect on June 30, 1983 (see 10 CFR part 71 , revised as of January 1, 1983), and constructed prior to July 1, 1985, may continue to be used. A special form encapsulation designed in accordance with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements of 10 CFR 71.4 in effect on March 31, 1996 (see 10 CFR part 71, revised as of January 1, 1996), and constructed prior to April 1, 1998, may continue to be used. Special form material that was successfully tested before September 10, 2015 in accordance with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements of 10 CFR 71.75(d) in effect before September 10, 2015 may continue to be used. Any other special form encapsulation must meet the specifications of Special Form Radioactive Material.
Special Nuclear Material means:
(1) Plutonium, uranium-233, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, pursuant to the provisions of § 51 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, determines to be special nuclear material, but does not include source material; or
(2) Any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing but does not include source material.
Special Nuclear Material in Quantities not Sufficient to Form a Critical Mass means uranium enriched in the isotope U-235 in quantities not exceeding 350 grams of contained U-235; uranium- 233 in quantities not exceeding 200 grams; plutonium in quantities not exceeding 200 grams; or any combination of them in accordance with the following formula: For each kind of special nuclear material, determine the ratio between the quantity of that special nuclear material and the quantity specified above for the same kind of special nuclear material. The sum of such ratios for all of the kinds of special nuclear material in combination shall not exceed one. For example, the following quantities in combination would not exceed the limitation and are within the formula:
Supplied Air Respirator (SAR) or Airline Respirator means an atmosphere supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user.
Survey means an evaluation of the radiological conditions and potential hazards incident to the production, use, transfer, release, disposal, and/or presence of sources of radiation. When appropriate, such evaluation includes, but is not limited to, tests, physical examinations, and measurements of levels of radiation or concentrations of radioactive material present.
Test means the process of verifying compliance with an applicable regulation.
Tight-fitting Facepiece means a respiratory inlet covering that forms a complete seal with the face.
Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) means the sum of the effective dose equivalent (for external exposures) and the committed effective dose equivalent (for internal exposures).
Total Organ Dose Equivalent (TODE) means the sum of the deep dose equivalent and the committed dose equivalent to the organ receiving the highest dose as described in 105 CMR 120.267(A)(6).
Traceable to National Standard (SeeInstrument Traceability or Source Traceability)
U.S. Department of Energy means the Department of Energy established by Public Law 95-91, August 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 565, 42 U.S.C. 7101et seq., to the extent that the Department exercises functions formerly vested in the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, its Chairman, members, officers and components and transferred to the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration and to the Administrator thereof pursuant to sections 104(b), (c) and (d) of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 ( Public Law 93-438, October 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1233 at 1237, effective January 19, 1975) and retransferred to the Secretary of Energy pursuant to section 301(a) of the Department of Energy Organization Act ( Public Law 95-91, August 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 565 at 577-578, 42 U.S.C. 7151, effective October 1, 1977).
Unrefined and Unprocessed Ore means ore in its natural form prior to any processing, such as grinding, roasting, beneficiating, or refining. Processing does not include sieving or encapsulating of ore or preparation of samples for laboratory analysis.
Unrestricted Area (Uncontrolled Area) means area access to which is neither limited nor controlled by the licensee or registrant. For purposes of 105 CMR 120.000, Uncontrolled Area is an equivalent term.
User Seal Check (Fit Check) means an action conducted by the respirator user to determine if the respirator is properly seated to the face. Examples include negative pressure check, positive pressure check, irritant smoke check, or isoamyl acetate check.
Vendor means a supplier of products or services to be used by a licensee or registrant or a licensed or registered facility or activity.
Very High Radiation Area means an area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to the body could result in an individual receiving an absorbed dose in excess of 5 Gy (500 rad) in one hour at one meter from a source of radiation or one meter from any surface that the radiation penetrates. [Note: At very high doses rates, units of adsorbed dose, gray and rad, are appropriate, rather than units of dose equivalent, sievert and rem].
Waste means those low-level radioactive wastes containing source, special nuclear, or byproduct material that are acceptable for disposal in a land disposal facility. For the purposes of this definition, low-level radioactive waste means radioactive waste not classified as high-level radioactive waste, transuranic waste, spent nuclear fuel, or byproduct material as defined in 105 CMR 120.005: Byproduct Material (2) and (3).
Waste Handling Licensees means persons licensed to receive and store radioactive wastes prior to disposal and/or persons licensed to dispose of radioactive waste.
Week means seven consecutive days starting on Sunday.
Whole Body means, for purposes of external exposure, head, trunk including male gonads, arms above the elbow, or legs above the knee.
Worker means an individual engaged in work under a license or registration issued by the Agency and controlled by a licensee or registrant, but does not include the licensee or registrant.
Working Level (WL) means any combination of short-lived radon daughters in one liter of air that will result in the ultimate emission of 1.3E+5 MeV of potential alpha particle energy. The short-lived radon daughters are -- for radon-222: polonium-218, lead-214, bismuth-214, and polonium-214; and for radon-220: polonium-216, lead-212, bismuth-212, and polonium-212.
Working Level Month (WLM) means an exposure to one working level for 170 hours - 2,000 working hours per year divided by 12 months per year is approximately equal to 170 hours per month.
Year means the period of time beginning in January used to determine compliance with the provisions of 105 CMR 120.000. The licensee or registrant may change the starting date of the year used to determine compliance by the licensee or registrant provided that the change is made at the beginning of the year and that no day is omitted or duplicated in consecutive years.
105 CMR, § 120.005