Table I-Group I Cetaceans1
Representative average adult lengths | Minimum horizontal dimension (MHD) | Minimum required depth | Volume of water required for each additional cetacean in excess of two | ||||
Meters | Feet | Meters | Feet | Meters | Feet | Cubic meters | feet |
1.68 | 5.5 | 7.32 | 24 | 1.83 | 6 | 8.11 | 284.95 |
2.29 | 7.5 | 7.32 | 24 | 1.83 | 6 | 15.07 | 529.87 |
2.74 | 9.0 | 7.32 | 24 | 1.83 | 6 | 21.57 | 763.02 |
3.05 | 10.0 | 7.32 | 24 | 1.83 | 6 | 26.73 | 942.00 |
3.51 | 11.5 | 7.32 | 24 | 1.83 | 6 | 35.40 | 1,245.79 |
3.66 | 12.0 | 7.32 | 24 | 1.83 | 6 | 38.49 | 1,356.48 |
4.27 | 14.0 | 8.53 | 28 | 2.13 | 7 | 60.97 | 2,154.04 |
5.49 | 18.0 | 10.97 | 36 | 2.74 | 9 | 129.65 | 4,578.12 |
5.64 | 18.5 | 11.28 | 37 | 2.82 | 9.25 | 140.83 | 4,970.33 |
5.79 | 19.0 | 11.58 | 38 | 2.90 | 9.50 | 152.64 | 5,384.32 |
6.71 | 22.0 | 13.41 | 44 | 3.36 | 11 | 237.50 | 8,358.68 |
6.86 | 22.5 | 13.72 | 45 | 3.43 | 11.25 | 253.42 | 8,941.64 |
7.32 | 24.0 | 14.63 | 48 | 3.66 | 12 | 307.89 | 10,851.84 |
8.53 | 28.0 | 17.07 | 56 | 4.27 | 14 | 487.78 | 17,232.32 |
1 All calculations are rounded off to the nearest hundredth. In converting the length of cetaceans from feet to meters, 1 foot equals .3048 meter. Due to rounding of meter figures as to the length of the cetacean, the correlation of meters to feet in subsequent calculations of MHD and additional volume of water required per cetacean, over two, may vary slightly from a strict feet to meters ratio. Cubic meters is based on: 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 cubic meter.
Table II-Group II Cetaceans1
Representative average adult length | Minimum horizontal dimension (MHD) | Minimum required depth | Volume of water required for each additional cetacean in excess of four | ||||
Meters | Feet | Meters | Feet | Meters | Feet | Cubic meters1 | Cubic feet |
1.52 | 5.0 | 7.32 | 24 | 1.83 | 6 | 13.28 | 471.00 |
1.68 | 5.5 | 7.32 | 24 | 1.83 | 6 | 16.22 | 569.91 |
1.83 | 6.0 | 7.32 | 24 | 1.83 | 6 | 19.24 | 678.24 |
2.13 | 7.0 | 8.53 | 28 | 1.83 | 6 | 26.07 | 923.16 |
2.29 | 7.5 | 9.14 | 30 | 1.83 | 6 | 30.13 | 1,059.75 |
2.44 | 8.0 | 9.75 | 32 | 1.83 | 6 | 34.21 | 1,205.76 |
2.59 | 8.5 | 10.36 | 34 | 1.83 | 6 | 38.55 | 1,361.19 |
2.74 | 9.0 | 10.97 | 36 | 1.83 | 6 | 43.14 | 1,526.04 |
1 Converting cubic feet to cubic meters is based on: 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 of a cubic meter.
Table III-Average Adult Lengths of Marine Mammals Maintained in Captivity1
Species | Common name | Average adult length | |
In meters | In feet | ||
Group I Cetaceans: | |||
Balaenoptera acutorostrata | Minke whale | 8.50 | 27.9 |
Cephalorhynchus commersonii | Commerson's dolphin | 1.52 | 5.0 |
Delphinapterus leucas | Beluga whale | 4.27 | 14.0 |
Monodon monoceros | Narwhale | 3.96 | 13.0 |
Globicephala melaena | Long-finned pilot whale | 5.79 | 19.0 |
Globicephala macrorhynchus | Short-finned pilot whale | 5.49 | 18.0 |
Grampus griseus | Risso's dolphin | 3.66 | 12.0 |
Orcinus orca | Killer whale | 7.32 | 24.0 |
Pseudorca carassidens | False killer whale | 4.35 | 14.3 |
Tursiops truncatus (Atlantic) | Bottlenose dolphin | 2.74 | 9.0 |
Tursiops truncatus (Pacific) | Bottlenose dolphin | 3.05 | 10.0 |
Inia geoffrensis | Amazon porpoise | 2.44 | 8.0 |
Phocoena phocoena | Harbor porpoise | 1.68 | 5.5 |
Pontoporia blainvillei | Franciscana | 1.52 | 5.0 |
Sotalia fluviatilis | Tucuxi | 1.68 | 5.5 |
Platanista, all species | River dolphin | 2.44 | 8.0 |
Group II Cetaceans: | |||
Delphinus delphis | Common dolphin | 2.59 | 8.5 |
Feresa attenuata | Pygmy killer whale | 2.44 | 8.0 |
Kogia breviceps | Pygmy sperm whale | 3.96 | 13.0 |
Kogia simus | Dwarf sperm whale | 2.90 | 9.5 |
Lagenorhynchus acutus | Atlantic white-sided dolphin | 2.90 | 9.5 |
Lagenorhynchus cruciger | Hourglass dolphin | 1.70 | 5.6 |
Lagenorhynchus obliquidens | Pacific white-sided dolphin | 2.29 | 7.5 |
Lagenorhynchus albirostris | White-beaked dolphin | 2.74 | 9.0 |
Lagenorhynchus obscurus | Duskey dolphin | 2.13 | 7.0 |
Lissodelphis borealis | Northern right whale dolphin | 2.74 | 9.0 |
Neophocaena phocaenoides | Finless porpoise | 1.83 | 6.0 |
Peponocephala electra | Melon-headed whale | 2.74 | 9.0 |
Phocoenoides dalli | Dall's porpoise | 2.00 | 6.5 |
Stenella longirostris | Spinner dolphin | 2.13 | 7.0 |
Stenella coeruleoalba | Striped dolphin | 2.29 | 7.5 |
Stenella attenuata | Spotted dolphin | 2.29 | 7.5 |
Stenella plagiodon | Spotted dolphin | 2.29 | 7.5 |
Steno bredanensis | Rough-toothed dolphin | 2.44 | 8.0 |
1 This table contains the species of marine mammals known by the Department to be presently in captivity or that are likely to become captive in the future. Anyone who is subject to the Animal Welfare Act having species of marine mammals in captivity which are not included in this table should consult the Deputy Administrator with regard to the average adult length of such animals.
Species | Common name | Average adult length | |||
In meters | In feet | ||||
Male | Female | Male | Female | ||
Group I Pinnipeds: | |||||
Arctocephalus gazella** | Antarctic Fur Seal | 1.80 | 1.20 | 5.9 | 3.9 |
Arctocephalus tropicalis** | Amsterdam Island Fur Seal | 1.80 | 1.45 | 5.9 | 4.75 |
Arctocephalus australis** | South American Fur Seal | 1.88 | 1.42 | 6.2 | 4.7 |
Arctocephalus pusillis** | Cape Fur Seal | 2.73 | 1.83 | 8.96 | 6.0 |
Callorhinus ursinus** | Northern Fur Seal | 2.20 | 1.45 | 7.2 | 4.75 |
Eumetopias jubatus** | Steller's Sea Lion | 2.86 | 2.40 | 9.4 | 7.9 |
Hydrurga leptonyx | Leopard Seal | 2.90 | 3.30 | 9.5 | 10.8 |
Mirounga angustirostris** | Northern Elephant Seal | 3.96 | 2.49 | 13.0 | 8.2 |
Mirounga leonina** | Southern Elephant Seal | 4.67 | 2.50 | 15.3 | 8.2 |
Odobenus rosmarus** | Walrus | 3.15 | 2.60 | 10.3 | 8.5 |
Otaria flavescens** | South American Sea Lion | 2.40 | 2.00 | 7.9 | 6.6 |
Phoca caspica | Caspian Seal | 1.45 | 1.40 | 4.75 | 4.6 |
Phoca fasciata | Ribbon Seal | 1.75 | 1.68 | 5.7 | 5.5 |
Phoca larga | Harbor Seal | 1.70 | 1.50 | 5.6 | 4.9 |
Phoca vitulina | Habor Seal | 1.70 | 1.50 | 5.6 | 4.9 |
Zalophus californianus | California Sea Lion | 2.24 | 1.75 | 7.3 | 5.7 |
Halichoerus grypus** | Grar Seal | 2.30 | 1.95 | 7.5 | 6.4 |
Phoca sibirica | Baikal Seal | 1.70 | 1.85 | 5.6 | 6.1 |
Phoca groenlandica | Harp Seal | 1.85 | 1.85 | 6.1 | 6.1 |
Leptonychotes weddelli** | Weddell Seal | 2.90 | 3.15 | 9.5 | 10.3 |
Lobodon carcinophagus** | Crabeater Seal | 2.21 | 2.21 | 7.3 | 7.3 |
Ommatophoca rossi** | Ross Seal | 1.99 | 2.13 | 6.5 | 7.0 |
Group II Pinnipeds: | |||||
Erignathus barbatus | Bearded Seal | 2.33 | 2.33 | 7.6 | 7.6 |
Phoca hispida | Ringed Seal | 1.35 | 1.30 | 4.4 | 4.3 |
Cystophora cristata | Hooded Seal | 2.60 | 2.00 | 8.5 | 6.6 |
NOTE. **Any Group I animals maintained together will be considered as Group II when the animals maintained together include two or more sexually mature males from species marked with a double asterisk (**) regardless of whether the sexually mature males from the same species.
Species | Common name | Average adult length | |
In meters | In feet | ||
Sirenia: | |||
Dugong dugong | Dugong | 3.35 | 11.0 |
Trichechus manatus | West Indian Manatee | 3.51 | 11.5 |
Trichechus inunguis | Amazon Manatee | 2.44 | 8.0 |
Mustelidae: | |||
Enhydra lutris | Sea Otter | 1.25 | 4.1 |
When there are more than two Group I cetaceans housed in a primary enclosure pool, the additional volume of water required for each additional Group I cetacean in excess of two is based on the following formula:
See Table I for required volumes.
When there are more than four Group II cetaceans housed in a primary enclosure pool, the additional volume of water required for each additional Group II cetacean in excess of four is based on the following formula:
Volume = (Average Adult Length)2 * 3.14 * depth
See Table II for required volumes.
Then the volume necessary for the cetaceans to be housed in the pool must be calculated (by obtaining the sum of the volumes required for each animal). If this volume is greater than that obtained by using the MHD and depth figures, then the additional volume required may be added by enlarging the pool in its lateral dimensions or by increasing its depth, or both. The minimum surface area requirements discussed next must also be satisfied.
In a pool containing more than two Group I cetaceans or more than four Group II cetaceans, the additional surface area which may be required when animals are added must be calculated for each such animal.
Table IV-Minimum Surface Area Required for Each Cetacean
Average adult length of each cetacean | Surface area required for each cetacean | ||
Meters | Feet | Sq. meters1 | Sq. feet |
1.68 | 5.5 | 3.31 | 33.62 |
2.13 | 7.0 | 5.36 | 57.70 |
2.29 | 7.5 | 6.15 | 66.23 |
2.59 | 8.5 | 7.90 | 85.07 |
2.74 | 9.0 | 8.86 | 95.38 |
3.05 | 10.0 | 10.94 | 117.75 |
3.51 | 11.5 | 14.47 | 155.72 |
3.66 | 12.0 | 15.75 | 169.56 |
4.27 | 14.0 | 21.44 | 230.79 |
5.49 | 18.0 | 35.44 | 381.51 |
5.64 | 18.5 | 37.43 | 403.00 |
5.79 | 19.0 | 39.49 | 425.08 |
6.71 | 22.0 | 52.94 | 569.91 |
6.86 | 22.5 | 55.38 | 596.11 |
7.32 | 24.0 | 63.01 | 678.24 |
8.53 | 28.0 | 85.76 | 923.16 |
1 Square meter = square feet/9 * 0.8361.
(average adult length)2 of 1st Group I pinniped + (average adult length)2 of 2nd Group I pinniped = Total DRA for two pinnipeds
DRA for one pinniped = 2 * (average adult length of Group I pinniped)2
Examples: DRA for 1 Group II Pinniped = [(Average adult length)2 * 1.5] + [(Average adult length)2 * 1.4]
1st pinniped (avg. adult length)2 * 1.5 = social and DRA required |
2nd pinniped (avg. adult length)2 * 1.4 = social and DRA required |
3rd pinniped (avg. adult length)1 * 1.3 = social and DRA required |
4th pinniped (avg. adult length)2 * 1.2 = social and DRA required |
5th pinniped (avg. adult length)2 * 1.1 = social and DRA required |
Each pinniped over 5 (avg. adult length)2 = social and DRA required |
Total minimum social activity and dry resting area required for all pinnipeds housed in a primary enclosure. |
If all the pinnipeds in the primary enclosure are of the same species, the same descending order of calculation shall apply. Example: Hooded seal-average adult length of male = 8.5 feet and female = 6.6 feet. In a primary enclosure containing 2 males and 2 females, the social or DRA required would be the sum of [(8.5)2 * 1.5] + [(8.5)2 * 1.4] + [(6.6)2 * 1.3] + [(6.6)2 * 1.2].
If two or more sexually mature males are maintained together in a primary enclosure, the dry resting or social activity area shall be divided into two or more separate areas with sufficient visual barriers (such as fences, rocks, or foliage) to provide relief from aggressive animals.
Table V-Additional Space Required for Each Sea Otter When More Than Two in a Primary Enclosure
Average adult length of sea otter | Resting area | Pool Volume | |||
Meters | Feet | Square meters | Square Feet | Cubic meters | Cubic feet |
1.25 | 4.1 | 1.96 | 6.44 | 2.23 | 79.17 |
SA = [PI] * (MHD / 2).2
9 C.F.R. §3.104