Section 383.25 - Commercial learner's permit (CLP)(a) A CLP is considered a valid CDL for purposes of behind-the-wheel training on public roads or highways, if all of the following minimum conditions are met: (1) The CLP holder is at all times accompanied by the holder of a valid CDL who has the proper CDL group and endorsement(s) necessary to operate the CMV and is otherwise authorized to operate the CMV for that trip. The CDL holder must at all times be physically present in the front seat of the vehicle next to the CLP holder or, in the case of a passenger vehicle, directly behind or in the first row behind the driver and must have the CLP holder under observation and direct supervision.(2) The CLP holder holds a valid driver's license issued by the same jurisdiction that issued the CLP.(3) The CLP holder must have taken and passed a general knowledge test that meets the Federal standards contained in subparts F, G, and H of this part for the commercial motor vehicle that person operates or expects to operate.(4) The CLP holder must be 18 years of age or older.(5) Endorsements: (i) A CLP holder with a passenger (P) endorsement must have taken and passed the P endorsement knowledge test. A CLP holder with a P endorsement is prohibited from operating a CMV carrying passengers, other than Federal/State auditors and inspectors, test examiners, other trainees, and the CDL holder accompanying the CLP holder as prescribed by paragraph (a)(1) of this section. The P endorsement must be class specific.(ii) A CLP holder with a school bus (S) endorsement must have taken and passed the S endorsement knowledge test. A CLP holder with an S endorsement is prohibited from operating a school bus with passengers other than Federal/State auditors and inspectors, test examiners, other trainees, and the CDL holder accompanying the CLP holder as prescribed by paragraph (a)(1) of this section.(iii) A CLP holder with a tank vehicle (N) endorsement must have taken and passed the N endorsement knowledge test. A CLP holder with an N endorsement may only operate an empty tank vehicle and is prohibited from operating any tank vehicle that previously contained hazardous materials that has not been purged of any residue.(iv) All other Federal endorsements are prohibited on a CLP.(6) The CLP holder does not operate a commercial motor vehicle transporting hazardous materials as defined in § 383.5 .(b) The CLP must be a separate document from the CDL or non-CDL.(c) The CLP must be valid for no more than one year from the initial date of issuance without requiring the CLP holder to retake the general and endorsement knowledge tests. CLPs issued for a period of less than one year may be renewed provided the CLP is not valid for more than one year from the date of initial issuance.(d) The issuance of a CLP is a precondition to the initial issuance of a CDL. The issuance of a CLP is also a precondition to the upgrade of a CDL if the upgrade requires a skills test.(e) The CLP holder is not eligible to take the CDL skills test in the first 14 days after initial issuance of the CLP. 76 FR 26879 , May 9, 2011, as amended at 83 FR 65571 , Dec. 21, 2018; 84 FR 51432 , Sept. 30, 2019; 88 FR 80181 , Nov. 17, 2023 83 FR 65571, 2/19/2019; 84 FR 51432, 9/30/2019; 88 FR 80181, 11/17/2023