40 C.F.R. § 1054.801
The following definitions apply to this part. The definitions apply to all subparts unless we note otherwise. All undefined terms have the meaning the Clean Air Act gives to them. The definitions follow:
Adjustable parameter has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.50 .
Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate filter, thermal reactor, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the environment. Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR), turbochargers, and oxygen sensors are not aftertreatment.
Alcohol-fueled engine means an engine that is designed to run using an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do not include fuels with a nominal alcohol content below 25 percent by volume.
Amphibious vehicle means a vehicle with wheels or tracks that is designed primarily for operation on land and secondarily for operation in water.
Applicable emission standard or applicable standard means an emission standard to which an engine (or equipment) is subject. Additionally, if an engine (or equipment) has been or is being certified to another standard or FEL, applicable emission standard means the FEL or other standard to which the engine (or equipment) has been or is being certified. This definition does not apply to subpart H of this part.
Auxiliary emission control device means any element of design that senses temperature, motive speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system.
Brake power means the usable power output of the engine, not including power required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the engine, circulate coolant to the engine, or to operate aftertreatment devices.
Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific to a particular design, version, or application of a component or assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its working range.
Carryover means relating to certification based on emission data generated from an earlier model year as described in § 1054.235(d) .
Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a certificate of conformity for an emission family that complies with the emission standards and requirements in this part.
Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission level in an emission family for a given pollutant from either transient or steady-state testing.
Class I means relating to nonhandheld engines with total displacement below 225 cc. See § 1054.101 for special provisions that apply for engines with total displacement at or below 80 cc.
Class II means relating to nonhandheld engines with total displacement at or above 225 cc.
Class III means relating to handheld engines with total displacement below 20 cc.
Class IV means relating to handheld engines with total displacement at or above 20 cc but below 50 cc.
Class V means relating to handheld engines with total displacement at or above 50 cc.
Clean Air Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q .
Cold-weather equipment is limited to the following types of handheld equipment: chainsaws, cut-off saws, clearing saws, brush cutters with engines at or above 40cc, commercial earth and wood drills, and ice augers. This includes earth augers if they are also marketed as ice augers.
Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the atmosphere from any part of the engine crankcase's ventilation or lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft and other related internal parts.
Critical emission-related component has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30 .
Days means calendar days unless otherwise specified. For example, when we specify working days we mean calendar days, excluding weekends and U.S. national holidays.
Designated Compliance Officer means the Director, Gasoline Engine Compliance Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; complianceinfo@epa.gov.
Designated Enforcement Officer means the Director, Air Enforcement Division (2242A), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460.
Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official emission result of the emission-data engine.
Deterioration factor means the relationship between emissions at the end of useful life and emissions at the low-hour test point (see §§ 1054.240 and 1054.245 ), expressed in one of the following ways:
Displacement has the meaning given in § 1054.140 .
Dry weight means the weight of the equipment as sold without fuel, oil, or engine coolant.
Dual-fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on two different fuels but not on a continuous mixture of those fuels (see § 1054.601(d) ). For purposes of this part, such an engine remains a dual-fuel engine even if it is designed for operation on three or more different fuels.
Emission control system means any device, system, or element of design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants from an engine.
Emission-data engine means an engine that is tested for certification. This includes engines tested to establish deterioration factors.
Emission-data equipment means an engine, piece of equipment, or fuel system component that is tested for certification. This includes units tested to establish deterioration factors.
Emission family has the meaning given in § 1054.230 . We may refer to emission families as "engine families" where provisions relate only to exhaust emissions from engines.
Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission deterioration.
Engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30 . This includes complete and partially complete engines.
Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware and calibration within an emission family. Engines within a single engine configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability or factors unrelated to emissions.
Engine manufacturer means the manufacturer of the engine. See the definition of "manufacturer" in this section.
Equipment means any mechanical device commonly known as equipment, including vehicles. If the equipment has an installed engine, the term equipment includes the installed engine and fuel system components.
Equipment manufacturer means a manufacturer of nonroad equipment. All nonroad equipment manufacturing entities under the control of the same person are considered to be a single nonroad equipment manufacturer.
Evaporative means relating to fuel emissions controlled by 40 CFR part 1060 . This generally includes emissions that result from permeation of fuel through the fuel-system materials or from ventilation of the fuel system.
Excluded means relating to an engine that either:
Exempted has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30 .
Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) means a technology that reduces emissions by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the combustion chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air before or during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the amount of residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber(s) that is mixed with incoming air before or during combustion is not considered exhaust-gas recirculation for the purposes of this part.
Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the manufacturer to serve in place of an otherwise applicable emission standard under the ABT program in subpart H of this part. The family emission limit must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as the emission standard it replaces. The family emission limit serves as the emission standard for the engine family (exhaust) or emission family (evaporative) with respect to all required testing.
Flexible-fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on any mixture of two or more different fuels (see § 1054.601(d) ).
Fuel line means hose or tubing designed to contain liquid fuel (including molded hose or tubing). This does not include any of the following:
Fuel system means all components involved in transporting, metering, and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber(s), including the fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel filters, fuel lines, carburetor or fuel-injection components, and all fuel-system vents.
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type, such as premium gasoline, regular gasoline, or low-level ethanol-gasoline blends.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30 . See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative process we use to evaluate good engineering judgment.
Handheld means relating to equipment that meets any of the following criteria:
Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission standards are based for each fuel type, as described in subpart B of this part.
Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to distinguish a particular engine from other similar engines.
Integrated equipment manufacturer means an equipment manufacturer that also manufactures the engines for its equipment. Equipment manufacturers that manufacture the engines for some but not all of their equipment are considered to be integrated manufacturers for that equipment using the manufacturer's own engines.
Intermediate-speed equipment includes all nonhandheld equipment in which the installed engine's governed speed at full load is below 3330 rpm. It may also include nonhandheld equipment in which the installed engine's governed speed at full load is as high as 3400 rpm.
Low-hour means relating to an engine that is considered to have stabilized emissions and represents the undeteriorated emission level. A low-hour engine typically operates no more than a few hours beyond the minimum stabilization period. However, a low-hour engine could have more hours as long as emissions remain stable. In the absence of other information, a low-hour engine with a useful life of 300 hours or less would generally have operated no more than 15 hours and a low-hour engine with a longer useful life would generally have operated no more than 24 hours.
Manufacture means the physical and engineering process of designing, constructing, and assembling an engine or piece of equipment.
Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7550(1) ). In general, this term includes any person who manufactures an engine, vehicle, vessel, or piece of equipment for sale in the United States or otherwise introduces a new nonroad engine or piece of equipment into U.S. commerce. This includes importers who import engines, equipment, or vehicles for resale, but not dealers. All manufacturing entities under the control of the same person are considered to be a single manufacturer.
Marine engine means a nonroad engine that is installed or intended to be installed on a vessel. There are two kinds of marine engines:
Marine generator engine means an auxiliary marine engine used primarily to operate an electrical generator or alternator to produce electric power.
Marine vessel has the meaning given in 1 U.S.C. 3 , except that it does not include amphibious vehicles. The definition in 1 U.S.C. 3 very broadly includes every craft capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.
Maximum engine power has the meaning given in § 1054.140 .
Maximum test torque has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001 .
Model year has the meaning given in 40 CFR part 1060 for equipment and means one of the following things for engines:
Motor vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 85.1703(a) .
New nonroad engine means any of the following things:
New nonroad equipment means either of the following things:
Noncompliant engine or noncompliant equipment means an engine or equipment that was originally covered by a certificate of conformity but is not in the certified configuration or otherwise does not comply with the conditions of the certificate.
Nonconforming engine or nonconforming equipment means an engine or equipment not covered by a certificate of conformity that would otherwise be subject to emission standards.
Nonhandheld means relating to an engine (or equipment) subject to the standards of this part that is not a handheld engine (or equipment).
Nonintegrated equipment manufacturer means an equipment manufacturer that is not an integrated equipment manufacturer. Equipment manufacturers that manufacture the engines for some but not all of their equipment are considered to be nonintegrated manufacturers for that equipment using a different engine manufacturer's engines.
Nonmethane hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001 . This generally means the difference between the emitted mass of total hydrocarbon and the emitted mass of methane.
Nonroad means relating to nonroad engines or equipment that includes nonroad engines.
Nonroad engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30 . In general, this means all internal-combustion engines except motor vehicle engines, stationary engines, engines used solely for competition, or engines used in aircraft.
Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an emission-data engine on a given duty cycle before the application of any deterioration factor.
Overhead valve means relating to a four-stroke spark-ignition engine in which the intake and exhaust valves are located above the combustion chamber within the cylinder head. Such engines are sometimes referred to as "valve-in-head" engines.
Owners manual means a document or collection of documents prepared by the engine manufacturer for the owner or operator to describe appropriate engine maintenance, applicable warranties, and any other information related to operating or keeping the engine. The owners manual is typically provided to the ultimate purchaser at the time of sale. The owners manual may be in paper or electronic format.
Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001 .
Percent has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001 .
Permeation emissions means fuel that escapes from the fuel system by diffusing through the walls of fuel-system components.
Phase 1 means relating to the Phase 1 emission standards described in appendix I of this part.
Phase 2 means relating to the Phase 2 emission standards described in appendix I of this part.
Phase 3 means relating to the Phase 3 exhaust emission standards described in § 1054.105 .
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended purpose. Engines and equipment do not qualify as being "placed into service" based on incidental use by a manufacturer or dealer.
Rated-speed equipment includes all nonhandheld equipment in which the installed engine's governed speed at full load is at or above 3400 rpm. It may also include nonhandheld equipment in which the installed engine's governed speed at full load is as low as 3330 rpm.
Recreational application means an application in which a vehicle is ridden primarily for pleasure. Note that engines used in reduced-scale model vehicles that cannot be ridden (such as model airplanes) are excluded from this part under § 1054.5 .
Relating to as used in this section means relating to something in a specific, direct manner. This expression is used in this section only to define terms as adjectives and not to broaden the meaning of the terms.
Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30 . In general this means to terminate the certificate or an exemption for an engine family.
Round has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001 .
Running loss emissions has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1060.801 .
Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing, disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or wearing prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic maintenance is not appropriate.
Side valve means relating to a four-stroke spark-ignition engine in which the intake and exhaust valves are located to the side of the cylinder, not within the cylinder head. Such engines are sometimes referred to as "L-head" engines.
Small-volume emission family means one of the following:
Small-volume engine manufacturer means one of the following:
Small-volume equipment manufacturer means one of the following:
Snowthrower engine means an engine used exclusively to power snowthrowers.
Spark-ignition means relating to a gasoline-fueled engine or any other type of engine with a spark plug (or other sparking device) and with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a throttle to regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation.
Steady-state means relating to emission tests in which engine speed and load are held at a finite set of essentially constant values.
Structurally integrated nylon fuel tank has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1060.801 .
Subchapter U means the portion of the Code of Federal Regulations including 40 CFR parts 1000 through 1299.
Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30 . In general this means to temporarily discontinue the certificate or an exemption for an engine family.
Test engine means an engine in a test sample.
Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the population of an emission family for emission testing. This may include testing for certification, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
Tethered gas cap means a gas cap that is loosely but permanently connected to the fuel tank.
Thermal reactor means a hot surface in the engine exhaust system that has the effect of significantly lowering emissions of one or more regulated pollutants. Hot surfaces that have an inconsequential effect on emissions are not thermal reactors.
Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001 . This generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as an atomic hydrocarbon with an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of 1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001 . This generally means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbon, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample, expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled engines. The atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new nonroad equipment or new nonroad engine, the first person who in good faith purchases such new nonroad equipment or new nonroad engine for purposes other than resale.
United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30 .
Upcoming model year for an emission family means the model year after the one currently in production.
U.S.-directed production volume means the number of engine or equipment units, subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer for which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or will be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States.
Useful life means the period during which the engine and equipment are designed to properly function in terms of power output and intended function, without being remanufactured, specified as a number of hours of operation or calendar years, whichever comes first. It is the period during which a nonroad engine is required to comply with all applicable emission standards. See, for example, §§ 1054.107 , 1054.110 , and 1054.112 . If an engine has no hour meter, the specified number of hours does not limit the period during which an in-use engine is required to comply with emission standards unless the degree of service accumulation can be verified separately.
Variable-speed engine means an engine that is not a constant-speed engine.
Vessel means marine vessel.
Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30 . In general this means to invalidate a certificate or an exemption both retroactively and prospectively.
Volatile liquid fuel means any fuel other than diesel or biodiesel that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and has a Reid Vapor Pressure higher than 2.0 pounds per square inch.
We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and any authorized representatives.
Wide-open throttle means maximum throttle opening.
Wintertime engine means an engine used exclusively to power equipment that is used only in wintertime, such as snowthrowers and ice augers.
40 C.F.R. §1054.801