This section describes exhaust emission standards for CO2, CH4, and N2O for medium-duty vehicles. The standards of this section apply for model year 2014 and later vehicles that are chassis-certified with respect to criteria pollutants under this subpart S. Additional medium-duty and heavy-duty vehicles may be subject to the standards of this section as specified in paragraph (j) of this section. Any medium-duty or heavy-duty vehicles not subject to standards under this section are instead subject to greenhouse gas standards under 40 CFR part 1037, and engines installed in these vehicles are subject to standards under 40 CFR part 1036. If you are not the engine manufacturer, you must notify the engine manufacturer that its engines are subject to 40 CFR part 1036 if you intend to use their engines in vehicles that are not subject to standards under this section. Vehicles produced by small businesses may be exempted from the standards of this section as described in paragraph (k)(5) of this section.
WF = 0.75 * (GVWR - Curb Weight + xwd) + 0.25 * (GCWR - GVWR)
Where:
xwd = 500 pounds if the vehicle has four-wheel drive or all-wheel drive; xwd = 0 pounds for all other vehicles.
CO2Target = 0.0221 * WF + 170
CO2Credits Needed (Mg) = [(FEL - Std) * (U.S.-directed production volume) * (Useful Life)] * (GWP) ÷ 1,000,000
Table 1 to paragraph ( d )(17)(i)-Example of Test-Weight Groupings
Test weight basis | Equivalent emission weight | Equivalent test weight |
11,751-11,850 | 11,800 | 12,000 |
11,851-11,950 | 11,900 | 12,000 |
11,951-12,050 | 12,000 | 12,000 |
12,051-12,150 | 12,100 | 12,000 |
12,151-12,250 | 12,200 | 12,000 |
Force = F0 + F1· (velocity) + F2· (velocity)2
ADC = CO2base + 2.18 · [DELTA]F0 + 37.4 · [DELTA]F1 + 2257 · [DELTA]F2 + 189 · [DELTA]AR + 0.0222· [DELTA]ETW
Where:
ADC = Analytically derived combined city/highway CO2 emission rate (g/mile) for a new vehicle.
CO2base = Combined city/highway CO2 emission rate (g/mile) of a baseline vehicle.
[DELTA]F0 = F0 of the new vehicle-F0 of the baseline vehicle.
[DELTA]F1 = F1 of the new vehicle-F1 of the baseline vehicle.
[DELTA]F2 = F2 of the new vehicle-F2 of the baseline vehicle.
[DELTA]AR = Axle ratio of the new vehicle-axle ratio of the baseline vehicle.
[DELTA]ETW = ETW of the new vehicle-ETW of the baseline vehicle.
Table 2 to paragraph (k)(4)(i)-CO2 Target Values for Model years 2014 Through 2027
Model year | CO2 target (g/mile)a | |
Spark-ignition | Compression-ignition | |
2014 | 0.0482 * WF + 371 | 0.0478 * WF + 368. |
2015 | 0.0479 * WF + 369 | 0.0474 * WF + 366. |
2016 | 0.0469 * WF + 362 | 0.0460 * WF + 354. |
2017 | 0.0460 * WF + 354 | 0.0445 * WF + 343. |
2018-2020 | 0.0440 * WF + 339 | 0.0416 * WF + 320. |
2021 | 0.0429 * WF + 331 | 0.0406 * WF + 312. |
2022 | 0.0418 * WF + 322 | 0.0395 * WF + 304. |
2023 | 0.0408 * WF + 314 | 0.0386 * WF + 297. |
2024 | 0.0398 * WF + 306 | 0.0376 * WF + 289. |
2025 | 0.0388 * WF + 299 | 0.0367 * WF + 282. |
2026 | 0.0378 * WF + 291 | 0.0357 * WF + 275. |
2027 | 0.0348 * WF + 268 | 0.0348 * WF + 268. |
a Electric vehicles are subject to the compression-ignition CO2 target values.
Table 3 to paragraph (k)(4)(ii)-Alternative CO2 Target Values for Model Years 2014 Through 2020
Model year | CO2 target (g/mile) | |
Spark-ignition | Compression-ignition. | |
2014 | 0.0482 * WF + 371 | 0.0478 * WF + 368. |
2015 | 0.0479 * WF + 369 | 0.0474 * WF + 366. |
2016-2018 | 0.0456 * WF + 352 | 0.0440 * WF + 339. |
2019-2020 | 0.0440 * WF + 339 | 0.0416 * WF + 320. |
Table 4 to paragraph (k)(4)(iii)-CO2 Target Values for Model Years 2028 Through 2031
Model year | Work factor cutpoint (pounds) | CO2 target value (g/mile) | |
Below cutpoint | Above cutpoint | ||
2028 | 8,000 | 0.0339 * WF + 270 | 541 |
2029 | 6,800 | 0.0310 * WF + 246 | 457 |
2030 | 5,500 | 0.0280 * WF + 220 | 374 |
2031 | 5,500 | 0.0251 * WF + 195 | 333 |
40 C.F.R. §§86.1819-14