Acetal resins production means the production of homopolymers and/or copolymers of alternating oxymethylene units. Acetal resins are also known as polyoxymethylenes, polyacetals, and aldehyde resins. Acetal resins are generally produced by polymerizing formaldehyde (HCHO) with the methylene functional group (CH2) and are characterized by repeating oxymethylene units (CH2O) in the polymer backbone.
Back end process vent means any process vent from a continuous unit operation that is not a front end process vent up to the final separation of raw materials and by-products from the stabilized polymer.
Front end process vent means any process vent from a continuous unit operation involved in the purification of formaldehyde feedstock for use in the acetal homopolymer process. All front end process vents are restricted to those vents that occur prior to the polymer reactor.
Table 1 to § 63.1103(a) -What Are My Requirements If I Own Or Operate An Acetal Resins Production Existing Or New Affected Source?
If you own or operate. . . | And if. . . | Then you must. . . |
1. A storage vessel with: 34 cubic meters [LESS THAN]capacity | The maximum true vapor pressure of organic HAP [GREATER THAN]17.1 kilopascals (for existing sources) or [GREATER THAN]11.7 kilopascals (for new sources) | a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 95 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS (national emission standards for closed vent systems, control devices, recovery devices, and routing to a fuel gas system or a process), as specified in § 63.982(a)(1) (storage vessel requirements) of this part; or |
b. Comply with the requirements of subpart WW (national emission standards for storage vessels (control level 2)) of this part. | ||
2. A front end process vent from continuous unit operations | a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by using a flare meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part; or | |
b. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 60 weight-percent, or reduce TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS, as specified in § 63.982(a)(2) (process vent requirements) of this part. | ||
3. A back end process vent from continuous unit operations | The vent stream has a TREa [LESS THAN]1.0 | a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by using a flare meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part; or |
b. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent, or reduce TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS, as specified in § 63.982(a)(2) (process vent requirements) of this part; or | ||
c. Achieve and maintain a TRE index value greater than 1.0. | ||
4. A back end process vent from continuous unit operations | 1.0 [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]TREa [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]4.0 | Monitor and keep records of equipment operating parameters specified to be monitored under subpart SS, §§ 63.990(c) (absorber, condenser, and carbon adsorber monitoring) or 63.995(c) (other noncombustion systems used as a control device monitoring) of this part. |
5. Equipment as defined under § 63.1101 | The equipment contains or contacts [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]10 weight-percent organic HAPb, and operates [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]300 hours per year | Comply with the requirements of subpart TT (national emission standards for equipment leaks (control level 1)) or subpart UU (national emission standards for equipment leaks (control level 2)) of this part. |
6. An acetal resins production process unit that generates process wastewater | The process wastewater stream is a Group 1 or Group 2 wastewater stream | Comply with the requirements of § 63.1106(a) . |
7. An acetal resins production process unit that generates maintenance wastewater | The maintenance wastewater contains organic HAP | Comply with the requirements of § 63.1106(b) . |
8. An item of equipment listed in § 63.1106(c)(1) | The item of equipment meets the criteria specified in § 63.1106(c)(1) through (3) and either (c)(4)(i) or (ii) | Comply with the requirements in Table 35 of subpart G of this part. |
a The TRE is determined according to the procedures specified in § 63.1104(j) .
b The weight-percent organic HAP is determined for equipment according to procedures specified in § 63.1107 .
Acrylic fiber means a manufactured synthetic fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85 percent by weight of acrylonitrile units.
Acrylic and modacrylic fibers production means the production of either of the following synthetic fibers composed of acrylonitrile units:
Acrylonitrile solution polymerization means a process where acrylonitrile and comonomers are dissolved in a solvent to form a polymer solution (typically polyacrylonitrile). The polyacrylonitrile is soluble in the solvent. In contrast to suspension polymerization, the resulting reactor polymer solution (spin dope) is filtered and pumped directly to the fiber spinning process.
Acrylonitrile suspension polymerization means a polymerization process where small drops of acrylonitrile and comonomers are suspended in water in the presence of a catalyst where they polymerize under agitation. Solid beads of polymer are formed in this suspension reaction which are subsequently filtered, washed, refiltered, and dried. The beads must be subsequently redissolved in a solvent to create a spin dope prior to introduction to the fiber spinning process.
Fiber spinning line means the group of equipment and process vents associated with acrylic or modacrylic fiber spinning operations. The fiber spinning line includes (as applicable to the type of spinning process used) the blending and dissolving tanks, spinning solution filters, wet spinning units, spin bath tanks, and the equipment used downstream of the spin bath to wash, dry, or draw the spun fiber.
In organic hazardous air pollutant or in organic HAP service means, for acrylic and modacrylic fiber production affected sources, that a piece of equipment either contains or contacts a fluid (liquid or gas) that is at least 10 percent by weight of total organic HAP as determined according to the provisions of § 63.180(d) . The provisions of § 63.180(d) also specify how to determine that a piece of equipment is not in organic HAP service.
Modacrylic fiber means a manufactured synthetic fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 35 percent by weight of acrylonitrile units but less than 85 percent by weight of acrylonitrile units.
Seal means, for acrylic and modacrylic fiber production affected sources complying with the requirements of § 63.1033(b) or § 63.167(a) on or after October 8, 2014, that instrument monitoring of the open-ended valve or line conducted according to the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c) , or § 63.180(b) and, as applicable, § 63.180(c) , indicates no readings of 500 parts per million or greater.
Spin dope means the liquid mixture of polymer and solvent that is fed to the spinneret to form the acrylic and modacrylic fibers.
Table 2 to § 63.1103(b)(3)(i) -What Are My Requirements if I Own or Operate an Acrylic and Modacrylic Fiber Production Existing or New Affected Source and Am Complying With Paragraph (b)(3)(i) of This Section?
If you own or operate. . . | And if. . . | Then you must. . . |
1. A storage vessel | The stored material contains organic HAP | a. Reduce emissions of organic HAP by 98 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control device meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, as specified in § 63.982(a)(1) (storage vessel requirements), or 95 weight-percent or greater by venting through a closed vent system to a recovery device meeting the requirements of subpart SS, § 63.993 (recovery device requirements); or |
b. Comply with the requirements of subpart WW of this part. | ||
2. A process vent from continuous unit operations (halogenated) | The vent steam has a mass emission rate of halogen atoms contained in organic compounds [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]0.45 kilograms per hour,a and an organic HAP concentration [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]50 parts per million by volumeb and an average flow rate [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]0.005 cubic meters per minute | a. Reduce emissions of organic HAP or TOC as specified for nonhalogenated process vents from continuous unit operations (other than by using a flare) by venting emissions through a closed vent system to a halogen reduction device meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, § 63.994 (halogen reduction devices requirements) that reduces hydrogen halides and halogens by 99 weight-percent or to less than 0.45 kilograms per year, whichever is less stringent; or |
b. Reduce the process vent halogen atom mass emission rate to less than 0.45 kilograms per hour by venting emissions through a closed vent system to a halogen reduction device meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, § 63.994 (halogen reduction devices requirements) and then complying with the requirements specified for process vents from continuous unit operations (nonhalogenated). | ||
3. A process vent from continuous unit operations (nonhalogenated) | The vent steam has a mass emission rate of halogen atoms contained in organic compounds [LESS THAN]0.45 kilograms per hour,a and an organic HAP concentration [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]50 parts per million by volumeb and an average flow rate [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]0.005 cubic meters per minute | a. Reduce emissions of organic HAP by using a flare meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, § 63.987 (flare requirements); or b. Reduce emissions of organic HAP by 98 weight-percent, or reduce TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, as specified in § 63.982(a)(2) (process vent requirements). |
4. A fiber spinning line that is a new or reconstructed source | The lines use a spin dope produced from either a suspension polymerization process or solution polymerization process | a. Reduce organic HAP emissions by 85 weight-percent or more. (For example, you may enclose the spinning and washing areas of the spinning line (as specified in paragraph (b)(4) of this section) and vent through a closed vent system and use any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, as specified in § 63.982(a) .); or |
b. Reduce organic HAP emissions from the spinning line to less than or equal to 0.25 kilograms of organic HAP per megagram (0.5 pounds of organic HAP per ton) of acrylic and modacrylic fiber produced; or | ||
c. Reduce the organic HAP concentration of the spin dope to less than 100 ppmw. | ||
5. A fiber spinning line that is an existing source | The spinning line uses a spin dope produced from a solution polymerization process | Reduce organic HAP emissions from the spinning line to less than or equal to 20 kilograms of organic HAP per megagram (40 pounds of organic HAP per ton) of acrylic and modacrylic fiber produced. |
6. A fiber spinning line that is an existing source | The spinning line uses a spin dope produced from a suspension polymerization process | a. Reduce the organic HAP concentration of the spin dope to less than 100 ppmw;b or b. Reduce organic HAP emissions from the spinning line to less than or equal to 0.25 kilograms of organic HAP per megagram of acrylic and modacrylic fiber produced. |
7. Equipment as defined under § 63.1101 (with the differences for pressure relief devices described in item 11 below) | It contains or contacts [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]10 weight-percent organic HAP,c and operates [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]300 hours per year | a. Comply with either § 63.1008 or § 63.1027 for connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service, and comply with the requirements of subpart UU of this part, except § 63.1030 , for all other applicable equipment; or |
b. Comply with the requirements in subpart H of this part, except § 63.165 , as provided by the regulatory overlap provisions in § 63.1100(g)(4)(ii) . | ||
8. An acrylic and modacrylic fiber production process unit that generates process wastewater | The process wastewater stream is a Group 1 or Group 2 wastewater stream | Comply with the requirements of § 63.1106(a) . |
9. An acrylic and modacrylic fiber production process unit that generates maintenance wastewater | The maintenance wastewater contains organic HAP | Comply with the requirements of § 63.1106(b) . |
10. An item of equipment listed in § 63.1106(c)(1) | The item of equipment meets the criteria specified in § 63.1106(c)(1) through (3) and either (c)(4)(i) or (ii) | Comply with the requirements in Table 35 of subpart G of this part. |
11. Pressure relief devices | The pressure relief device is in organic HAP service | Comply with § 63.1107(e) . |
a The mass emission rate of halogen atoms contained in organic compounds is determined according to the procedures specified in § 63.1104(i) .
b The percent by weight organic HAP is determined according to the procedures specified in § 63.1107 .
c The weight-percent organic HAP is determined for equipment according to procedures specified in § 63.1107 .
Table 3 to § 63.1103(b)(3)(ii) -What Are My Requirements If I Own or Operate an Acrylic and Modacrylic Fiber Production Existing or New Affected Source and Am Complying With Paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of This Section?
If you own or operate . . . | Then you must control total organic HAP emissions from the affected source by . . . |
1. An acrylic and modacrylic fibers production affected source and your facility is an existing source | Meeting all of following requirements: a. Reduce total organic HAP emissions from all affected storage vessels, process vents, wastewater streams associated with the acrylic and modacrylic fibers production process unit as defined in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, and fiber spinning lines operated in your acrylic and modacrylic fibers production facility to less than or equal to 0.5 kilograms (kg) of organic HAP per megagram (Mg) of fiber produced. |
b. Determine the facility organic HAP emission rate in accordance with the requirements specified in paragraph (b)(5) of this section. | |
2. An acrylic and modacrylic fibers production affected source and your facility is a new source | Meeting all of following requirements: a. Reduce total organic HAP emissions from all affected storage vessels, process vents, wastewater streams associated with the acrylic and modacrylic fibers production process unit as defined in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, and fiber spinning lines operated in your acrylic and modacrylic fibers production facility to less than or equal to 0.25 kilograms (kg) of organic HAP per megagram (Mg) of fiber produced. |
b. Determine the facility organic HAP emission rate in accordance with the requirements specified in paragraph (b)(5) of this section. | |
3. Equipment as defined under § 63.1101 and it contains or contacts [GREATER THAN]10 weight-percent organic HAP,a and operates [GREATER THAN]300 hours per year (with the differences for pressure relief devices described in item 4 below) | a. Comply with either § 63.1008 or § 63.1027 for connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service, and comply with subpart UU of this part, except § 63.1030 , for all other applicable equipment; or b. Comply with the requirements in subpart H of this part, except § 63.165 , as provided by the regulatory overlap provisions in § 63.1100(g)(4)(ii) . |
4. A pressure relief device in organic HAP service | Complying with § 63.1107(e) . |
Connector means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipelines or a pipeline and a piece of equipment. A common connector is a flange. Joined fittings welded completely around the circumference of the interface are not considered connectors for the purposes of this subpart.
Equipment means each pump, compressor, agitator, pressure relief device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line, valve, connector, and instrumentation system in hydrogen fluoride service; and any control devices or closed-vent systems used to comply with this subpart.
Hydrogen fluoride production means a process engaged in the production and recovery of hydrogen fluoride by reacting calcium fluoride with sulfuric acid. For the purpose of implementing this subpart, hydrogen fluoride production is not a process that produces gaseous hydrogen fluoride for direct reaction with hydrated aluminum to form aluminum fluoride (i.e., the hydrogen fluoride is not recovered as an intermediate or final product prior to reacting with the hydrated aluminum).
In hydrogen fluoride service means that a piece of equipment either contains or contacts a hydrogen fluoride process fluid (liquid or gas).
In vacuum service means that equipment is operating at an internal pressure which is at least 5 kilopascals below ambient pressure.
Instrumentation system means a group of equipment components used to condition and convey a sample of the process fluid to analyzers and instruments for the purpose of determining process operating conditions (e.g., composition, pressure, flow, etc.). Valves and connectors are the predominant type of equipment used in instrumentation systems; however, other types of equipment may also be included in these systems.
Kiln seal means the mechanical or hydraulic seals at both ends of the kiln, designed to prevent the infiltration of moisture and air through the interface of the rotating kiln and stationary pipes and equipment attached to the kiln during normal vacuum operation of the kiln (operation at an internal pressure of at least 0.25 kilopascal [one inch of water] below ambient pressure).
Leakless pump means a pump whose seals are submerged in liquid, a magnetically-driven pump, a pump equipped with a dual mechanical seal system that includes a barrier fluid system, a canned pump, or other pump that is designed with no externally actuated shaft penetrating the pump housing.
Open-ended valve or line means any valve, except relief valves, having one side of the valve seat in contact with process fluid and one side open to the atmosphere, either directly or through open piping.
Pressure release means the emission of materials resulting from the system pressure being greater than the set pressure of the relief device. This release can be one release or a series of releases over a short time period due to a malfunction in the process.
Pressure relief device or valve means a safety device used to prevent operating pressures from exceeding the maximum allowable working pressure of the process equipment. A common pressure relief device is a spring-loaded pressure relief valve. Devices that are actuated either by a pressure of less than or equal to 2.5 pounds per square inch gauge or by a vacuum are not pressure relief devices.
Relief device or valve means a valve used only to release an unplanned, nonroutine discharge. A relief valve discharge can result from an operator error, a malfunction such as a power failure or equipment failure, or other unexpected cause that requires immediate venting of gas from process equipment in order to avoid safety hazards or equipment damage.
Repaired for the purpose of this regulation means equipment is adjusted, or otherwise altered, to eliminate a leak identified by sensory monitoring.
Sampling connection system means an assembly of equipment within a process unit or affected facility used during periods of representative operation to take samples of the process fluid. Equipment used to take nonroutine grab samples is not considered a sampling connection system.
Sensory monitoring means the detection of a potential leak to the atmosphere by walk-through visual, audible, or olfactory monitoring. Comprehensive component-by-component inspection is not required.
Shift means the time a shift operator normally works, typically 8 or 12 hours.
Table 4 to § 63.1103(c) -What Are My Requirements If I Own or Operate a Hydrogen Fluoride Production Existing or New Affected Source?
If you own or operate . . . | And if . . . | Then you must . . . |
1. A storage vessel | The stored material is hydrogen fluoride | Reduce emissions of hydrogen fluoride by venting displacement emissions created by normal filling or emptying activities through a closed-vent system to a recovery system or wet scrubber that is designed and operated to achieve a 99 weight-percent removal efficiency. The minimum liquid flow rate to the scrubber that achieves a 99 weight-percent removal efficiency shall be established, and may be done so by design analysis. The liquid flow rate to the scrubber shall be continuously monitored and records maintained according to §§ 63.996 and 63.998(b), (c), and (d)(3) of 40 CFR subpart SS of this part. The Periodic Report specified in § 63.1110(a)(5) of this subpart shall include the information specified in § 63.999(c) of 40 CFR subpart SS of this part, as applicable. |
2. A process vent from continuous unit operations | The vent stream is from hydrogen fluoride recovery and refining vessels | Reduce emissions of hydrogen fluoride from the process vent by venting emissions through a closed-vent system to a wet scrubber that is designed and operated to achieve a 99 weight-percent removal efficiency. Monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting of wet scrubber operation shall be in accordance with the requirements stated above for a wet scrubber controlling hydrogen fluoride emissions from a storage vessel. |
3. A transfer rack | The transfer rack is associated with bulk hydrogen fluoride liquid loading into tank trucks and rail cars | Reduce emissions of hydrogen fluoride by venting emissions through a closed-vent system to a recovery system or wet scrubber that is designed and operated to achieve a 99 weight-percent removal efficiency. Monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting of wet scrubber operation shall be in accordance with the requirements stated above for a wet scrubber controlling HF emissions from a storage vessel. You also must load hydrogen fluoride into only tank trucks and railcars that have a current certification in accordance with the U.S. DOT pressure test requirements of 49 CFR part 180 for tank trucks and 49 CFR 173.31 for railcars; or have been demonstrated to be vapor-tight (i.e. will sustain a pressure change of not more than 750 Pascals within 5 minutes after it is pressurized to a minimum or 4,500 Pascals) within the preceding 12 months. |
4. Equipment | It is in hydrogen fluoride service and operates [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]300 hours per year and is not in vacuum service | Control hydrogen fluoride emissions by using leakless pumps and by implementing a sensory monitoring leak detection program. Equipment that is excluded from sensory monitoring because it operates less than 300 hours per year or is in vacuum service shall be identified by list, location, or other method and the identity shall be recorded. An owner or operator is required to perform sensory monitoring at least once every shift, but no later than within 15 days. When a leak is detected, repair must begin within one hour and be completed as soon as practical. A record shall be kept of each leak detected and repaired including: equipment identification number, date and time the leak was detected and that repair was initiated, and the date of successful repair. |
In organic hazardous air pollutant or in organic HAP service means, for polycarbonate production affected sources, that a piece of equipment either contains or contracts a fluid (liquid or gas) that is at least 5 percent by weight of total organic HAP as determined according to the provisions of § 63.180(d) . The provisions of § 63.180(d) also specify how to determine that a piece of equipment is not in organic HAP service.
Polycarbonate production means a process engaged in the production of a special class of polyester formed from any dihydroxy compound and any carbonate diester or by ester exchange. Polycarbonate may be produced by solution or emulsion polymerization, although other methods may be used. A typical method for the manufacture of polycarbonate includes the reaction of bisphenol-A with phosgene in the presence of pyridine or other catalyst to form polycarbonate. Methylene chloride or other solvents are used in this polymerization reaction.
Seal means, for polycarbonate production affected sources complying with the requirements of § 63.1033(b) or § 63.167(a) or after October 8, 2014, that instrument monitoring of the open-ended valve or line conducted according to the method specified in § 63.1023(b) and, as applicable, § 63.1023(c) , or § 63.180(b) and, as applicable, § 63.180(c) , indicates no readings of 500 parts per million or greater.
Table 5 to § 63.1103(d) -What Are My Requirements If I Own or Operate A Polycarbonate Production Existing Affected Source?
If you own or operate... | And if... | Then you must... |
1. A storage vessel with: 75 cubic meters [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]capacity [LESS THAN]151 cubic meters | 27.6 kilopascals [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]maximum true vapor pressure of total organic HAP [LESS THAN]76.6 kilopascals | Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 95 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS (national emission standards for closed vent systems, control devices, recovery devices, and routing to a fuel gas system or a process), as specified in § 63.982(a)(1) (storage vessel requirements) of this part; or comply with the requirements of subpart WW (national emission standards for storage vessels (control level 2)) of this part. |
2. A storage vessel with: 151 cubic meters [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]capacity | The maximum true vapor pressure of total organic HAP [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]5.2 kilopascals | Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS, as specified in § 63.982(a)(1) (storage vessel requirements) of this part |
3. A storage vessel with: 75 cubic meters [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]capacity [LESS THAN]151 cubic meters | The maximum true vapor pressure of total organic HAP [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]76.6 kilopascals | Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 95 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS, as specified in § 63.982(a)(1) (storage vessel requirements) of this part. |
4. A process vent from continuous unit operations or a combined vent streama (halogenated) | The vent stream has a TREbc [LESS THAN EQUAL TO] 2.7 | a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent, or reduce total organic HAP to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, as specified in § 63.982(c)(2) and (e) ; and then vent emissions from those control device(s) through a closed vent system to a halogen reduction device meeting the requirements of subpart SS, § 63.994 , that reduces hydrogen halides and halogens by 99 weight-percent or to less than 0.45 kilograms per hour,d whichever is less stringent; or |
b. Reduce the process vent halogen atom mass emission rate to less than 0.45 kilograms per hour by venting emissions through a closed vent system to a halogen reduction device meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, § 63.994 ; and then vent emissions from those control device(s) through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS, as specified in § 63.982(c)(2) and (e) , that reduces emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent, or reduce total organic HAP or TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent; or | ||
c. Achieve and maintain a TRE index value greater than 2.7. | ||
5. A process vent from continuous unit operations or a combined vent streama (nonhalogenated) | The vent stream has a TREbc [LESS THAN EQUAL TO] 2.7 | a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent; or reduce total organic HAP to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume; whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, as specified in § 63.982(a)(2) (process vent requirements); or |
b. Achieve and maintain a TRE index value greater than 2.7. | ||
6. A process vent from continuous unit operations or a combined vent streama | 2.7 [LESS THAN] TREbc [LESS THAN EQUAL TO] 4.0 | Monitor and keep records of equipment operating parameters specified to be monitored under subpart SS of this part, §§ 63.982(e) and 63.993(c) (absorbers, condensers, carbon adsorbers and other recovery devices used as final recovery devices). |
7. Equipment as defined under § 63.1101 (with the differences for pressure relief devices described in item 11 below) | The equipment contains or contacts [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]5 weight-percent total organic HAP,e and operates [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]300 hours per year | a. Comply with either § 63.1008 or § 63.1027 for connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service, and comply with the requirements of subpart UU of this part, except § 63.1030 , for all other applicable equipment; or |
b. Comply with the requirements in subpart H of this part, except § 63.165 , as provided by the regulatory overlap provisions in § 63.1100(g)(4)(ii) . | ||
8. A polycarbonate production process unit that generates process wastewater | The process wastewater stream is a Group 1 or a Group 2 wastewater stream | Comply with the requirements of § 63.1106(a) . |
9. A polycarbonate production process unit that generates maintenance wastewater | The maintenance wastewater contains organic HAP | Comply with the requirements of § 63.1106(b) . |
10. An item of equipment listed in § 63.1106(c)(1) | The item of equipment meets the criteria specified in § 63.1106(c)(1) through (3) and either (c)(4)(i) or (ii) | Comply with the requirements in Table 35 of subpart G of this part. |
11. Pressure relief devices | The pressure relief device is in organic HAP service | Comply with § 63.1107(e) . |
a Combined vent streams shall use the applicability determination procedures and methods for process vents from continuous unit operations (§ 63.1104 ).
b The TRE equation coefficients for halogenated streams (table 1 of § 63.1104(j)(1) ) shall be used to calculate the TRE index value.
c The TRE is determined according to the procedures specified in § 63.1104(j) . If a dryer is manifolded with such vents, and the vent is routed to a recovery, recapture, or combustion device, then the TRE index value for the vent must be calculated based on the properties of the vent stream (including the contributions of the dryer). If a dryer is manifolded with other vents and not routed to a recovery, recapture, or combustion device, then the TRE index value must be calculated excluding the contributions of the dryer. The TRE index value for the dryer must be calculated separately in this case.
d The mass emission rate of halogen atoms contained in organic compounds is determined according to the procedures specified in § 63.1104(i) .
e The weight-percent organic HAP is determined for equipment according to procedures specified in § 63.1107 .
Table 6 to § 63.1103(d) -What are My Requirements If I Own or Operate a Polycarbonate Production New Affected Source?
If you own or operate. . . | And if. . . | Then you must. . . |
1. A storage vessel with: 38 cubic meters [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]capacity [LESS THAN]151 cubic meters | 13.1 kilopascals [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]maximum true vapor pressure of total organic HAP [LESS THAN]76.6 kilopascals | a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 95 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS (national emission standards for closed vent systems, control devices, recovery devices, and routing to a fuel gas system or a process), as specified in § 63.982(a)(1) (storage vessel requirements) of this part; or b. Comply with the requirements of subpart WW (national emission standards for storage vessels (control level 2)) of this part. |
2. A storage vessel with: 151 cubic meters [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]capacity | The maximum true vapor pressure of total organic HAP is [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]5.2 kilopascals | Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS, as specified in § 63.982(a)(1) (storage vessel requirements) of this part. |
3. A storage vessel with: 38 cubic meters [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]capacity [LESS THAN]151 cubic meters | The maximum true vapor pressure of total organic HAP is [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]76.6 kilopascals | Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 95 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS, as specified in § 63.982(a)(1) (storage vessel requirements) of this part. |
4. A process vent from continuous unit operations or a combined vent streama (halogenated) | The vent stream has a TREbc [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]9.6 | a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent, or reduce total organic HAP to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, as specified in § 63.982(c)(2) and (e) ; and then vent emissions from those control device(s) through a closed vent system to a halogen reduction device meeting the requirements of subpart SS, § 63.994 , that reduces hydrogen halides and halogens by 99 weight-percent or to less than 0.45 kilograms per hour,d whichever is less stringent; or |
b. Reduce the process vent halogen atom mass emission rate to less than 0.45 kilograms per hour by venting emissions through a closed vent system to a halogen reduction device meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, § 63.994 ; and then vent emissions from those control device(s) through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS, as specified in § 63.982(c)(2) and (e) , that reduces emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent, or reduce total organic HAP or TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent; or | ||
c. Achieve and maintain a TRE index value greater than 9.6. | ||
5. A process vent from continuous unit operations or a combined vent streama (nonhalogenated) | The vent stream has a TREbc [LESS THAN EQUAL TO] 9.6 | a. Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent; or reduce total organic HAP to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume; whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, as specified in § 63.982(a)(2) (process vent requirements); or b. Achieve and maintain a TRE index value greater than 9.6. |
6. Equipment as defined under § 63.1101 (with the differences for pressure relief devices described in item 6 below) | The equipment contains or contacts [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]5 weight-percent total organic HAPe, and operates [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]300 hours per year | a. Comply with either § 63.1008 or § 63.1027 for connectors in gas and vapor service and in light liquid service, and comply with the requirements of subpart UU of this part, except § 63.1030 , for all other applicable equipment; or |
b. Comply with the requirements in subpart H of this part, except § 63.165 , as provided by the regulatory overlap provisions in § 63.1100(g)(4)(ii) . | ||
7. Pressure relief devices | The pressure relief device is in organic HAP service | Comply with § 63.1107(e) . |
a Combined vent streams shall use the applicability determination procedures and methods for process vents from continuous unit operations (§ 63.1104 ).
b The TRE equation coefficients for halogenated streams (Table 1 of § 63.1104(j)(1) of this subpart) shall be used to calculate the TRE index value.
c The TRE is determined according to the procedures specified in § 63.1104(j) . If a dryer is manifolded with such vents, and the vent is routed to a recovery, recapture, or combustion device, then the TRE index value for the vent must be calculated based on the properties of the vent stream (including the contributions of the dryer). If a dryer is manifolded with other vents and not routed to a recovery, recapture, or combustion device, then the TRE index value must be calculated excluding the contributions of the dryer. The TRE index value for the dryer must be calculated separately in this case.
d The mass emission rate of halogen atoms contained in organic compounds is determined according to the procedures specified in § 63.1104(i) .
e The weight-percent organic HAP is determined for equipment according to procedures specified in § 63.1107 .
Decoking operation means the coke combustion activity that occurs inside the radiant tube(s) in the ethylene cracking furnace firebox. Coke combustion activities during decoking can also occur in other downstream equipment such as the process gas outlet piping and transfer line exchangers or quench points.
Ethylene process vent means a gas stream with a flow rate greater than 0.005 standard cubic meters per minute containing greater than 20 parts per million by volume HAP that is continuously discharged during operation of an ethylene production unit. On and after July 6, 2023, ethylene process vent means a gas stream with a flow rate greater than 0.005 standard cubic meters per minute containing greater than 20 parts per million by volume HAP that is continuously or periodically discharged during operation of an ethylene production unit. Ethylene process vents are gas streams that are discharged to the atmosphere (or the point of entry into a control device, if any) either directly or after passing through one or more recovery devices. Ethylene process vents do not include:
Ethylene production or production unit means a chemical manufacturing process unit in which ethylene and/or propylene are produced by separation from petroleum refining process streams or by subjecting hydrocarbons to high temperatures in the presence of steam. The ethylene production unit includes the separation of ethylene and/or propylene from associated streams such as a C4 product, pyrolysis gasoline, and pyrolysis fuel oil. Ethylene production does not include the manufacture of SOCMI chemicals such as the production of butadiene from the C4 stream and aromatics from pyrolysis gasoline.
Force majeure event means a release of HAP, either directly to the atmosphere from a pressure relief device or discharged via a flare, that is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Administrator to result from an event beyond the owner or operator's control, such as natural disasters; acts of war or terrorism; loss of a utility external to the ethylene production unit (e.g., external power curtailment), excluding power curtailment due to an interruptible service agreement; and fire or explosion originating at a near or adjoining facility outside of the ethylene production unit that impacts the ethylene production unit's ability to operate.
Organic HAP means the compounds listed in Table 1 to subpart XX of this part.
Periodically discharged means gas stream discharges that are intermittent for which the total organic HAP concentration is greater than 20 parts per million by volume and total volatile organic compound emissions are 50 pounds per day or more. These intermittent discharges are associated with routine operations, maintenance activities, startups, shutdowns, malfunctions, or process upsets and do not include pressure relief device discharges or discharges classified as maintenance vents.
Pressure-assisted multi-point flare means a flare system consisting of multiple flare burners in staged arrays whereby the vent stream pressure is used to promote mixing and smokeless operation at the flare burner tips. Pressure-assisted multi-point flares are designed for smokeless operation at velocities up to Mach = 1 conditions (i.e., sonic conditions), can be elevated or at ground level, and typically use cross-lighting for flame propagation to combust any flare vent gases sent to a particular stage of flare burners.
Pressure relief device means a valve, rupture disk, or similar device used only to release an unplanned, nonroutine discharge of gas from process equipment in order to avoid safety hazards or equipment damage. A pressure relief device discharge can result from an operator error, a malfunction such as a power failure or equipment failure, or other unexpected cause. Such devices include conventional, spring-actuated relief valves, balanced bellows relief valves, pilot-operated relief valves, rupture disks, and breaking, buckling, or shearing pin devices. Devices that are actuated either by a pressure of less than or equal to 2.5 pounds per square inch gauge or by a vacuum are not pressure relief devices.
Radiant tube(s) means any portion of the tube coil assembly located within the ethylene cracking furnace firebox whereby a thermal cracking reaction of hydrocarbons (in the presence of steam) occurs. Hydrocarbons and steam pass through the radiant tube(s) of the ethylene cracking furnace during normal operation and coke is removed from the inside of the radiant tube(s) during decoking operation.
Relief valve means a type of pressure relief device that is designed to re-close after the pressure relief.
Transfer rack means the collection of loading arms and loading hoses at a single loading rack that is used to fill tank trucks and/or railcars with organic HAP. Transfer rack includes the associated pumps, meters, shutoff valves, relief valves, and other piping and valves. Transfer rack does not include racks, arms, or hoses that contain organic HAP only as impurities; or racks, arms, or hoses that vapor balance during all loading operations.
Waste means any material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, or agricultural operations, or from community activities, that is discarded or is being accumulated, stored, or physically, chemically, thermally, or biologically treated prior to being discarded, recycled, or discharged.
Waste stream means the waste generated by a particular process unit, product tank, or waste management unit. The characteristics of the waste stream (e.g., flow rate, HAP concentration, water content) are determined at the point of waste generation. Examples of a waste stream include process wastewater, product tank drawdown, sludge and slop oil removed from waste management units, and landfill leachate.
Where:
Cm = Average instrument response (ppm)
Ca = Certified cylinder gas value (ppm)
Where:
NHVmeasured = Average instrument response (Btu/scf)
NHVa = Certified cylinder gas value (Btu/scf)
Table 7 to § 63.1103(e) -What Are My Requirements If I Own or Operate an Ethylene Production Existing or New Affected Source?
If you own or operate . . . | And if . . . | Then you must . . . |
(a) A storage vessel (as defined in § 63.1101 ) that stores liquid containing organic HAP | (1) The maximum true vapor pressure of total organic HAP is [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]3.4 kilopascals but [LESS THAN]76.6 kilopascals; and the capacity of the vessel is [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]4 cubic meters but [LESS THAN]95 cubic meters | (i) Fill the vessel through a submerged pipe; or (ii) Comply with the requirements for storage vessels with capacities [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]95 cubic meters. |
(b) A storage vessel (as defined in § 63.1101 ) that stores liquid containing organic HAP | (1) The maximum true vapor pressure of total organic HAP is [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]3.4 kilopascals but [LESS THAN]76.6 kilopascals; and the capacity of the vessel is [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]95 cubic meters | (i) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this table, comply with the requirements of subpart WW of this part; or (ii) Except as specified in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this table, reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices and meet the requirements of § 63.982(a)(1) . (iii) Beginning no later than the compliance dates specified in § 63.1102(c) , comply with paragraph (b)(1)(iii)(A), (B), (C), or (D) of this table, and (e)(10) of this section. (A) Comply with the requirements of subpart WW of this part; or (B) Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to a flare and meet the requirements of § 63.983 and paragraphs (e)(4) and (9) of this section; or (C) Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of non-flare control devices and meet the requirements specified in § 63.982(c)(1) and (e)(9) of this section; or (D) Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent by routing emissions to a fuel gas system(a) or process and meet the requirements specified in § 63.982(d) and (e)(9) of this section. |
(c) A storage vessel (as defined in § 63.1101 ) that stores liquid containing organic HAP | (1) The maximum true vapor pressure of total organic HAP is [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]76.6 kilopascals | (i) Except as specified in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this table, reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices and meet the requirements of § 63.982(a)(1) . (ii) Beginning no later than the compliance dates specified in § 63.1102(c) , comply with paragraph (c)(1)(ii)(A), (B), or (C) of this table, and (e)(10) of this section. (A) Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to a flare and meet the requirements of § 63.983 and paragraphs (e)(4) and (9) of this section; or (B) Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of non-flare control devices and meet the requirements specified in § 63.982(c)(1) and (e)(9) of this section; or (C) Reduce emissions of total organic HAP by 98 weight-percent by routing emissions to a fuel gas system(a) or process and meet the requirements specified in § 63.982(d) and (e)(9) of this section. |
(d) An ethylene process vent (as defined in paragraph (e)(2) of this section) | (1) The process vent is at an existing source and the vent stream has a flow rate [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]0.011 scmm and a total organic HAP concentration [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]50 parts per million by volume on a dry basis; or the process vent is at a new source and the vent stream has a flow rate [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]0.008 scmm and a total organic HAP concentration [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]30 parts per million by volume on a dry basis | (i) Except as specified in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this table, reduce emissions of organic HAP by 98 weight-percent; or reduce organic HAP or TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume on a dry basis corrected to 3% oxygen; whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices and meet the requirements specified in § 63.982(b) and (c)(2) . (ii) Beginning no later than the compliance dates specified in § 63.1102(c) , comply with the maintenance vent requirements specified in paragraph (e)(5) of this section and either paragraph (d)(1)(ii)(A) or (B) of this table. (A) Reduce emissions of organic HAP by 98 weight-percent; or reduce organic HAP or TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume on a dry basis corrected to 3-percent oxygen; whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to a flare and meet the requirements of § 63.983 and paragraphs (e)(4) and (9) of this section; or (B) Reduce emissions of organic HAP by 98 weight-percent; or reduce organic HAP or TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume on a dry basis corrected to 3-percent oxygen; whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of non-flare control devices and meet the requirements specified in § 63.982(c)(2) and (e)(9) of this section. |
(e) A transfer rack (as defined in paragraph (e)(2) of this section) | (1) Materials loaded have a true vapor pressure of total organic HAP [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]3.4 kilopascals and [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]76 cubic meters per day (averaged over any consecutive 30-day period) of HAP-containing material is loaded | (i) Reduce emissions of organic HAP by 98 weight-percent; or reduce organic HAP or TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume on a dry basis corrected to 3-percent oxygen; whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices as specified in § 63.1105 and meet the requirements specified in paragraph (e)(9) of this section.; or |
(ii) Install process piping designed to collect the HAP-containing vapors displaced from tank trucks or railcars during loading and to route it to a process, a fuel gas system, or a vapor balance system, as specified in § 63.1105 and meet the requirements specified in paragraph (e)(9) of this section.(a) | ||
(f) Equipment (as defined in § 63.1101 ) that contains or contacts organic HAP | (1) The equipment contains or contacts [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]5 weight-percent organic HAP; and the equipment is not in vacuum service | (i) Except as specified in paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this table, comply with the requirements of subpart UU of this part. (ii) Beginning no later than the compliance dates specified in § 63.1102(c) , comply with the requirements of paragraph (e)(9) of this section and subpart UU of this part, except instead of complying with the pressure relief device requirements of § 63.1030 of subpart UU, meet the requirements of § 63.1107(h) , and in lieu of the flare requirement of § 63.1034(b)(2)(iii) , comply with the requirements specified in paragraph (e)(4) of this section.(a) |
(g) Processes that generate waste (as defined in paragraph (e)(2) of this section | (1) The waste stream contains any of the following HAP: Benzene, cumene, ethyl benzene, hexane, naphthalene, styrene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, or 1,3-butadiene | Comply with the waste requirements of subpart XX of this part. For ethylene production unit waste stream requirements, terms have the meanings specified in subpart XX. |
(h) A heat exchange system (as defined in § 63.1082(b) ) | Comply with the heat exchange system requirements of subpart XX of this part. | |
(i) A closed vent system that contains one or more bypass lines | (1) The bypass line could divert a vent stream directly to the atmosphere or to a control device not meeting the requirements in this table | Beginning no later than the compliance dates specified in § 63.1102(c) , comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(6) and (9) of this section. |
(j) A decoking operation associated with an ethylene cracking furnace | Beginning no later than the compliance dates specified in § 63.1102(c) , comply with the requirements specified in paragraphs (e)(7) and (8) of this section. |
(a) Beginning no later than the compliance dates specified in § 63.1102(c) , any flare using fuel gas from a fuel gas system, of which 50 percent or more of the fuel gas is derived from an ethylene production unit as determined on an annual average basis, must be in compliance with paragraph (e)(4) of this section.
Carbon black production unit means the equipment assembled and connected by hard-piping or duct work to process raw materials to manufacture, store, and transport a carbon black product. For the purposes of this subpart, a carbon black production process unit includes reactors and associated operations; associated recovery devices; and any feed, intermediate and product storage vessels, product transfer racks, and connected ducts and piping. A carbon black production process unit includes pumps, compressors, agitators, pressure relief devices, sampling connection systems, open-ended valves or lines, valves, connectors, instrumentation systems, and control devices or systems.
Dryer means a rotary-kiln dryer that is heated externally and is used to dry wet pellets in the wet pelletization process.
Main unit filter means the filter that separates the carbon black from the tailgas.
Process filter means the filter that separates the carbon black from the conveying air.
Purge filter means the filter that separates the carbon black from the dryer exhaust.
Table 8 to § 63.1103(f) -What Are My Requirements if I Own or Operate a Carbon Black Production Existing or New Affected Source?
If you own or operate . . . | And if . . . | Then you must . . . |
(a) A carbon black production main unit filter process vent | (1) The HAP concentration of the emission stream is equal to or greater than 260 parts per million by volumea | (i) Reduce emissions of HAP by using a flare meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part; or (ii) Reduce emissions of total HAP by 98 weight-percent or to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of § 63.982(a)(2) . |
(b) A carbon black production process vent not subject to line entry (a) of this table | (1) The HAP concentration of the emission stream is equal to or greater than 260 parts per million by volumea as determined by the process vent applicability determination requirements specified in § 63.1103(f)(3)(iv) | Beginning no later than the compliance dates specified in § 63.1102(e) : (i) Reduce emissions of HAP by using a flare meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part; or (ii) Reduce emissions of total HAP by 98 weight-percent or to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of § 63.982(a)(2) . |
(c) A carbon black production process vent subject to (a) or (b) above | (1) The process vent complies by routing emissions to a boiler/process heater for use as fuel gas | (i) Beginning no later than the compliance dates specified in § 63.1102(e) , conduct annual tune up requirements as specified in § 63.1103(f)(3)(iii) of this subpart. |
a The weight-percent organic HAP is determined according to the procedures specified in § 63.1104(e) .
Blausaure Methane Anlage (BMA) process unit means a process unit that produces hydrogen cyanide by reacting methane and ammonia over a platinum catalyst. A BMA process unit begins at the point at which raw materials are stored and ends at the point at which refined hydrogen cyanide is reacted as a raw material in a downstream process, burned on-site as a fuel in a boiler or industrial furnace, or is shipped offsite. If raw hydrogen cyanide from the reactor is reacted with sodium hydroxide to form sodium cyanide prior to the refining process, the unit operation where sodium cyanide is formed is considered to be part of the BMA process unit.
Byproduct means a chemical that is produced coincidentally during the production of another chemical.
Cyanide chemicals manufacturing process unit or CCMPU means the equipment assembled and connected by hard-piping or duct work to process raw materials to manufacture, store, and transport a cyanide chemicals product. A cyanide chemicals manufacturing process unit shall be limited to any one of the following: an Andrussow process unit, a BMA process unit, a sodium cyanide process unit, or a Sohio hydrogen cyanide process unit. For the purpose of this subpart, a cyanide chemicals manufacturing process unit includes reactors and associated unit operations; associated recovery devices; and any feed, intermediate and product storage vessels, product transfer racks, and connected ducts and piping. A cyanide chemicals manufacturing process unit includes pumps, compressors, agitators, pressure relief devices, sampling connection systems, open-ended valves or lines, valves, connectors, instrumentation systems, and control devices or systems.
Cyanide chemicals product means either hydrogen cyanide, potassium cyanide, or sodium cyanide which is manufactured as the intended product of a CCMPU or a byproduct of the Sohio process. Other hydrogen cyanide, potassium cyanide, or sodium cyanide byproducts, impurities, wastes, and trace contaminants are not considered to be cyanide chemicals products.
Dry-end process vent means a process vent originating from the drum filter or any other unit operation in the dry end of a sodium cyanide manufacturing process unit. For the purposes of this subpart, the dry end of the sodium cyanide process unit begins in the unit operation where water is removed from the sodium cyanide, usually in the drum filter, and ends when the sodium cyanide is used as a raw material in a downstream process, or is shipped offsite.
Free cyanide means chemical species of cyanide that are dissolved in water and are bioavailable and known for their toxic effects on living organisms. This refers to the sum of molecular hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and cyanide ion (CN-) dissolved in water. Included in this definition are the dissolved products of cyanide salts (including potassium cyanide [KCN] and sodium cyanide [NaCN]), as these salts dissociate to cyanide ion and hydrogen cyanide when added to water.
Organic HAP means, for purposes of applicability of the requirements of this subpart, all hydrogen cyanide compounds.
Raw hydrogen cyanide means hydrogen cyanide that has not been through the refining process. Raw hydrogen cyanide usually has a hydrogen cyanide concentration less than 10 percent.
Refined hydrogen cyanide means hydrogen cyanide that has been through the refining process. Refined hydrogen cyanide usually has a hydrogen cyanide concentration greater than 99 percent.
Refining process means the collection of equipment in a cyanide chemicals manufacturing processing unit used to concentrate raw hydrogen cyanide from a concentration around 10 percent or less to refined hydrogen cyanide at a concentration greater than 99 percent.
Sodium cyanide process unit means a process unit that produces sodium cyanide by reacting hydrogen cyanide and sodium hydroxide via the neutralization, or wet, process. A sodium cyanide process unit begins at the unit operation where refined hydrogen cyanide is reacted with sodium hydroxide and ends at the point the solid sodium cyanide product is shipped offsite or used as a raw material in a downstream process. If raw hydrogen cyanide is reacted with sodium hydroxide to form sodium cyanide prior to the hydrogen cyanide refining process, the unit operation where sodium cyanide is formed is not considered to be part of the sodium cyanide process unit. For this type of process, the sodium cyanide process unit begins at the point that the aqueous sodium cyanide stream leaves the unit operation where the sodium cyanide is formed. In situations where potassium hydroxide is substituted for sodium hydroxide to produce potassium cyanide, the process unit is still considered a sodium cyanide process unit.
Sohio hydrogen cyanide process unit means a process unit that produces hydrogen cyanide as a byproduct of the acrylonitrile production process when acrylonitrile is manufactured using the Sohio process. A Sohio hydrogen cyanide process unit begins at the point the hydrogen cyanide leaves the unit operation where the hydrogen cyanide is separated from the acrylonitrile (usually referred to as the heads column). The Sohio hydrogen cyanide process unit ends at the point refined hydrogen cyanide is reacted as a raw material in a downstream process, burned on-site as fuel in a boiler or industrial furnace, or is shipped offsite. If raw hydrogen cyanide is reacted with sodium hydroxide to form sodium cyanide prior to the refining process, the unit operation where sodium cyanide is formed is considered to be part of the Sohio hydrogen cyanide process unit.
Wet-end process vent means a process vent originating from the reactor, crystallizer, or any other unit operation in the wet end of the sodium cyanide process unit. For the purposes of this subpart, the wet end of the sodium cyanide process unit begins at the point at which the raw materials are stored and ends just prior to the unit operation where water is removed from the sodium cyanide, usually in the drum filter. Wastewater streams containing discarded wastewater from the sodium cyanide production process are not considered to be part of the wet-end sodium cyanide process. Discarded wastewater that is no longer used in the production process is considered to be process and/or maintenance wastewater. Vents from process and maintenance wastewater operations are not wet-end process vents.
Where:
REDCCMPU = Overall HAP emission reduction for the group of process vents in the CCMPU, percent.
Eunc,i = Uncontrolled HAP emissions from process vent i that is controlled by using a combustion, recovery, or recapture device, kg/yr.
n = Number of process vents in the process unit that are controlled by using a combustion, recovery, or recapture device.
Ri = Control efficiency of the combustion, recovery, or recapture device used to control HAP emissions from vent i, determined in accordance with paragraph (g)(4)(ii) of this section.
Eunc,j = Uncontrolled HAP emissions from process vent j that is not controlled by using a combustion, recovery, or recapture device, kg/yr.
m = Number of process vents in the process unit that are not controlled by using a combustion, recovery, or recapture device.
Table 9 to § 63.1103(g) -What Are My Requirements if I Own or Operate a Cyanide Chemicals Manufacturing Existing or New Affected Source?
If you own or operate . . . | And if . . . | Then you must . . . |
(a) A storage vessel | (1) The storage vessel contains refined hydrogen cyanide | (i) Reduce emissions of hydrogen cyanide by using a flare meeting the requirements of § 63.982(b) ; or (ii) Reduce emissions of hydrogen cyanide by 98 weight-percent, or to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of § 63.982(c)(1) or (d) . |
(b) A process vent from a continuous unit operations in an Andrussow, BMA, or Sohio hydrogen cyanide process unit | (i) Reduce overall annual emissions of total HAP from the collection of process vents from continuous unit operations in the process by 98 weight-percent in accordance with paragraph (g)(4) of this section. Any control device used to reduce emissions from one or more process vents from continuous unit operations in the process unit must meet the applicable requirements specified in § 63.982(a)(2) ; or | |
(ii) Reduce emissions of total HAP from each process vent from a continuous unit operation in the process unit by using a flare meeting the requirements specified in § 63.982(b) ; or | ||
(iii) Reduce emissions of total HAP from each process vent from a continuous unit operation in the process unit by 98 weight-percent or to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of § 63.982(c)(2) or (d) . | ||
(c) One or more wet end process vents, as defined in paragraph (g)(2) of this section, in a sodium cyanide process unit | (i) Reduce overall annual emissions of total HAP from the collection of process vents from continuous unit operations in the process unit by 98 weight-percent in accordance with paragraph (g)(4) of this section. Any control device used to reduce emissions from one or more process vents from continuous unit operations in the process unit must meet the applicable requirements of § 63.982(a)(2) ; or | |
(ii) Reduce emissions of total HAP from each wet-end process vent in the process unit by using a flare meeting the requirements of § 63.982(b) ; or | ||
(iii) Reduce emissions of total HAP from each wet-end process vent by 98 weight-percent, or to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, by venting emissions through a closed vent system and any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of § 63.982(c)(2) or (d) . | ||
(d) One or more dry end process vents, as defined in paragraph (g)(2) of this section, in a sodium cyanide process unit | (i) Reduce overall annual emissions of sodium cyanide from the collection of process vents from continuous unit operations in the process unit by 98 weight-percent in accordance with paragraph (g)(4) of this section. Any control device used to reduce emissions from one or more process vents from continuous unit operations in the process unit must meet the applicable requirements of § 63.982(a)(2) ; or | |
(ii) Reduce emissions of sodium cyanide from each dry-end process vent in the process unit by 98 weight-percent by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of § 63.982(c)(2) or (d) . | ||
(e) A transfer rack | (1) The transfer rack is used to load refined hydrogen cyanide into tank trucks and/or rail cars | (i) Reduce emissions of hydrogen cyanide by using a flare meeting the requirements of § 63.982(b) ; or (ii) Reduce emissions of hydrogen cyanide by 98 weight-percent, or to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements specified in § 63.982(c)(1), (c)(2), or (d) . |
(f) A new cyanide chemicals manufacturing process unit that generates process wastewater | (1) The process wastewater is from HCN purification, ammonia purification, or flare blowdown | (i) Achieve a combined removal and control of HAP from wastewater of 93 weight-percent; and (ii) Beginning no later than the compliance dates specified in § 63.1102(d) , waste management units upstream of an open or closed biological treatment process shall meet the requirements of § 63.133 through § 63.137 of subpart G of this part, as applicable. |
(g) An existing cyanide chemicals manufacturing process unit that generates process wastewater | (1) The process wastewater stream is from HCN purification, ammonia purification, or flare blowdown; and (2) the total annual average concentration of Table 9 of 40 CFR part 63, subpart G compounds (Table 9 compounds) and free cyanide measured according to § 63.1103(g)(5)(vi) from each process wastewater stream are greater or equal to 10,000 ppmw at any flow rate, or the total annual average concentration of Table 9 compounds and free cyanide from each process wastewater stream are greater or equal to 1,000 ppmw, and the annual average flow rate is greater or equal to 10 liters per minute, according to the procedures in § 63.144(a) | (i) Beginning no later than the compliance dates specified in § 63.1102(d) , comply with the requirements of § 63.138(a)(1) . (ii) For compliance options and calculations requiring an Fr value under § 63.138(a)(1) ; owners and operators may use a value of 0.93 for free cyanide. |
(h) A cyanide chemicals manufacturing process unit that generates maintenance wastewater | (1) The maintenance wastewater contains hydrogen cyanide or acetonitrile | (i) Comply with the requirements of § 63.1106(b) . |
(i) An item of equipment listed in § 63.1106(c)(1) that transports or contains wastewater liquid streams from a cyanide chemicals manufacturing process unit | (1) The item of equipment meets the criteria specified in § 63.1106(c)(1) through (3) and either (c)(4)(i) or (ii) | (i) Comply with the requirements in Table 35 of subpart G of this part. |
(j) Equipment, as defined under § 63.1101 | (1) The equipment contains or contacts hydrogen cyanide and operates equal to or greater than 300 hours per year | (i) Comply with either subpart TT or UU of this part, and paragraph (g)(5) of this section, with the exception that open-ended lines that contain or contact hydrogen cyanide are exempt from any requirements to install a cap, plug, blind flange, or second valve to be capped. |
Fiber spinning line means the group of equipment and process vents associated with spandex fiber spinning operations. The fiber spinning line includes the blending and dissolving tanks, spinning solution filters, spinning units, spin bath tanks, and the equipment used downstream of the spin bath to wash, draw, or dry on the wet belt the spun fiber.
Reaction spinning means a fiber-forming process where prepolymer is extruded into a spin bath that contains a chain-extender; the chemical reaction to make polymer occurs simultaneously with extrusion/fiber formation.
Spandex or spandex fiber means a manufactured synthetic fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long-chain polymer comprised of at least 85 percent by mass of a segmented polyurethane.
Spandex production means the production of synthetic spandex fibers.
Spandex production process unit means a process unit that is specifically used for the production of synthetic spandex fibers.
Table 10 to § 63.1103(h) -What Are My Requirements if I Own or Operate a Spandex Production Process Unit at a New or Existing Source?
If you own or operate . . . | And if . . . | Then you must . . . |
(a) A storage vessel (as defined in § 63.1101 ) that stores liquid containing organic HAP | (1) The maximum true vapor pressure of the organic HAP is [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]3.4 kilopascals; and the capacity of the vessel is [GREATER THAN EQUAL TO]47 cubic meters | (i) Comply with the requirements of subpart WW of this part; or (ii) Reduce emissions of organic HAP by 95 weight-percent by venting emissions in through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of subpart SS of this part, as specified in § 63.982(a)(1) . |
(b) A process vent | Reduce emissions of organic HAP by 95 weight-percent, or reduce organic HAP or TOC to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent, by venting emissions through a closed vent system to any combination of control devices meeting the requirements of § 63.982(a)(2) . | |
(c) A fiber spinning line | Operate the fiber spinning line such that emissions are captured and vented through a line closed vent system to a control device that complies with the requirements of § 63.982(a)(2) . If a control device other than a flare is used, HAP emissions must be reduced by 95 weight-percent, or total organic HAP or TOC must be reduced to a concentration of 20 parts per million by volume, whichever is less stringent. |
40 C.F.R. §63.1103