10 C.F.R. § 434.401

Current through October 31, 2024

Section 434.401 - Electrical power and lighting systems

Electrical power and lighting systems, other than those systems or portions thereof required for emergency use only, shall meet these requirements.

401.1Electrical Distribution Systems.

401.1.1Check Metering. Single-tenant buildings with a service over 250 kVA and tenant spaces with a connected load over 100 kVA in multiple-tenant buildings shall have provisions for check metering of electrical consumption. The electrical power feeders for which provision for check metering is required shall be subdivided as follows:

401.1.1.1 Lighting and receptacle outlets

401.1.1.2 HVAC systems and equipment

401.1.1.3 Service water heating (SWH), elevators, and special occupant equipment or systems of more than 20 kW.

401.1.1.4 Exception to 401.1.1.1 through 401.1.1.3: 10 percent or less of the loads on a feeder may be from another usage or category.

401.1.2 Tenant-shared HVAC and service hot water systems in multiple tenant buildings shall have provision to be separately check metered.

401.1.3 Subdivided feeders shall contain provisions for portable or permanent check metering. The minimum acceptable arrangement for compliance shall provide a safe method for access by qualified persons to the enclosures through which feeder conductors pass and provide sufficient space to attach clamp-on or split core current transformers. These enclosures may be separate compartments or combined spaces with electrical cabinets serving another function. Dedicated enclosures so furnished shall be identified as to measuring function available.

401.1.4Electrical Schematic. The person responsible for installing the electrical distribution system shall provide the Federal building manager a single-line diagram of the record drawing for the electrical distribution system, which includes the location of check metering access, schematic diagrams of non-HVAC electrical control systems, and electrical equipment manufacturer's operating and maintenance literature.

401.2Electric Motors. All permanently wired polyphase motors of 1 hp or more shall meet these requirements:

401.2.1Efficiency. NEMA design A & B squirrel-cage, foot-mounted, T-frame induction motors having synchronous speeds of 3600, 1800, 1200, and 900 rpm, expected to operate more than 1000 hours per year shall have a nominal full-load efficiency no less than that shown in Table 401.2.1 or shall be classified as an "energy efficient motor" in accordance with RS-3 (incorporated by reference, see § 434.701 ). The following are not covered:

(a) Multispeed motors used in systems designed to use more than one speed.

(b) Motors used as a component of the equipment meeting the minimum equipment efficiency requirements of subsection 403, provided that the motor input is included when determining the equipment efficiency.

Table 401.2.1-Minimum Acceptable Nominal Full-Load Efficiency for Single-Speed Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors Having Synchronous Speeds of 3600, 1800, 1200 and 900 rpm¹

HP	2-Pole		4-Pole		6-Pole		8-Pole
HP	Nominal efficiency	Minimum efficiency	Nominal efficiency	Minimum efficiency	Nominal efficiency	Minimum efficiency	Nominal efficiency	Minimum efficiency
Full-Load Efficiencies-Open Motors
1.0			82.5	81.5	80.0	78.5	74.0	72.0
1.5	82.5	81.5	84.0	82.5	84.0	82.5	75.5	74.0
2.0	84.0	82.5	84.0	82.5	85.5	84.0	85.5	84.0
3.0	84.0	82.5	86.5	85.5	86.5	85.5	86.5	85.5
5.0	85.5	84.0	87.5	86.5	87.5	86.5	87.5	86.0
7.5	87.5	86.5	88.5	87.5	88.5	87.5	88.5	87.5
10.0	88.5	87.5	89.5	88.5	90.2	89.5	89.5	88.5
15.0	89.5	88.5	91.0	90.2	90.2	89.5	89.5	88.5
20.0	90.2	89.5	91.0	90.2	91.0	90.2	90.2	89.5
25.0	91.0	90.2	91.7	91.0	91.7	91.0	90.2	89.5
30.0	91.0	90.2	92.4	91.7	92.4	91.7	91.7	90.2
40.0	91.7	91.0	93.0	92.4	93.0	92.4	91.0	90.2
50.0	92.4	91.7	93.0	92.4	93.0	92.4	91.7	91.0
60.0	93.0	92.4	93.6	93.0	93.6	93.0	92.4	91.7
75.0	93.0	92.4	94.1	93.6	93.6	93.0	93.6	93.0
100.0	93.0	92.4	94.1	93.6	94.1	93.6	93.6	93.0
125.0	93.6	93.0	94.5	94.1	94.1	93.6	93.6	93.0
150.0	93.6	93.0	95.0	94.5	94.5	94.1	93.6	93.0
200.0	94.5	94.1	95.0	94.5	94.5	94.1	93.6	93.0
Full-Load Efficiencies-Enclosed Motors
1.0	75.5	74.5	82.5	81.5	80.0	78.5	74.0	72.0
1.5	82.5	81.5	84.0	82.5	85.5	84.0	77.0	75.5
2.0	84.0	82.5	84.5	82.5	86.5	85.5	82.5	81.5
3.0	85.5	84.0	87.5	86.5	87.5	86.5	84.0	82.5
5.0	87.5	86.5	87.5	86.5	87.5	86.5	85.5	84.0
7.5	88.5	87.5	89.5	88.5	89.5	88.5	85.5	84.0
10.0	89.5	88.5	89.5	88.5	89.5	88.5	88.5	87.5
15.0	90.2	89.5	91.0	90.2	90.2	89.5	88.5	87.5
20.0	90.2	89.5	91.0	90.2	90.2	89.5	89.5	88.5
25.0	91.0	90.2	92.4	91.7	91.7	91.0	89.5	88.5
30.0	91.0	90.2	92.4	91.7	91.7	91.0	91.0	90.2
40.0	91.7	91.0	93.0	92.4	93.0	92.4	91.0	90.2
50.0	92.4	91.7	93.0	92.4	93.0	92.4	91.7	91.0
60.0	93.0	92.4	93.6	93.0	93.6	93.0	91.7	91.0
75.0	93.0	92.4	94.1	93.6	93.6	93.0	93.0	92.4
100.0	93.6	93.0	94.5	94.1	94.1	93.6	93.0	92.4
125.0	94.5	94.1	94.5	94.1	94.1	93.6	93.6	93.0
150.0	94.5	94.1	95.0	94.5	94.5	94.1	94.1	93.0
200.0	95.0	94.5	95.0	94.5	95.0	94.5	94.1	93.6

¹ For many applications, efficiencies greater than those listed are likely to be cost-effective. Guidance for evaluating the cost effectiveness of energy efficient motor applications is given in RS-43 and RS-44 (incorporated by reference, see § 434.701 ).

401.3Lighting Power Allowance. The lighting system shall meet the provisions of subsections 401.3.1 through 401.3.5 .

401.3.1Building Exteriors. The total connected exterior lighting power for the building, or a facility containing multiple buildings, shall not exceed the total exterior lighting power allowance, which is the sum of the individual allowances determined from Table 401.3.1. The individual allowances are determined by multiplying the specific area or length of each area description times the allowance for that area. Exceptions are as follows: Lighting for outdoor manufacturing or processing facilities, commercial greenhouses, outdoor athletic facilities, public monuments, designated high-risk security areas, signs, retail storefronts, exterior enclosed display windows, and lighting specifically required by local ordinances and regulations.

Table 401.3.1-Exterior Lighting Power Allowance

Area description	Allowance
Exit (with or without canopy)	25 W/lin ft of door opening.
Entrance (without canopy)	30 W/lin ft of door opening.
Entrance (with canopy):
High Traffic (retail, hotel, airport, theater, etc.)	10 W/ft² of canopied area.
Light Traffic (hospital, office, school, etc.)	4 W/ft² of canopied area.
Loading area	0.40 W/ft².
Loading door	20 W/lin ft of door opening.
Building exterior surfaces/facades	0.25 W/ft² of surface area to be illuminated.
Storage and non-manufacturing work areas	0.20 W/ft².
Other activity areas for casual use such as picnic grounds, gardens, parks, and other landscaped areas	0.10 W/ft².
Private driveways/walkways	0.10 W/ft².
Public driveways/walkways	0.15 W/ft².
Private parking lots	0.12 W/ft².
Public parking lots	0.18 W/ft².

401.3.1.1 Trade-offs of exterior lighting budgets among exterior areas shall be allowed provided the total connected lighting power of the exterior area does not exceed the exterior lighting power allowance. Trade-offs between interior lighting power allowances and exterior lighting power allowances shall not be allowed.

401.3.2Building interiors. The total connected interior lighting power for a building, including adjustments in accordance with subsection 401.3.3 , shall not exceed the total interior lighting power allowance explained in this paragraph. Using Table 401.3.2a, multiply the interior lighting power allowance value by the gross lighted area of the most appropriate building or space activity. For multi-use buildings, using Table 401.3.2a, select the interior power allowance value for each activity using the column for the gross lighted area of the whole building and multiply it by the associated gross area for that activity. The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of all the wattages for each area/activity. Using Table 401.3.2b, c, or d, multiply the interior lighting power allowance values of each individual area/activity by the area of the space and by the area factor from Figure 401.3.2e, based on the most appropriate area/activity provided. The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the wattages for each individual space. When over 20% of the building's tasks or interior areas are undefined, the most appropriate value for that building from Table 401.3.2a shall be used for the undefined spaces. Exceptions are as follows:

(a) Lighting power that is an essential technical element for the function performed in theatrical, stage, broadcasting, and similar uses.

(b) Specialized medical, dental, and research lighting.

(c) Display lighting for exhibits in galleries, museums, and monuments.

(d) Lighting solely for indoor plant growth (between the hours of 10:00 pm and 6:00 am).

(e) Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation.

(f) High-risk security areas.

(g) Spaces specifically designed for the primary use by the physically impaired or aged.

(h) Lighting in dwelling units.

401.3.2.1 Trade-offs of the interior lighting power budgets among interior spaces shall be allowed provided the total connected lighting power within the building does not exceed the interior lighting power allowance. Trade-offs between interior lighting power allowances and exterior lighting power allowances shall not be allowed.

401.3.2.2Building/Space Activities. Definitions of buildings/space activity as they apply to Table 401.3.2a are as follows. These definitions are necessary to characterize the activities for which lighting is provided. They are applicable only to Table 401.3.2a. They are not intended to be used elsewhere in place of building use group definitions provided in the Building Code. They are not included in § 434.201 , "Definitions," to avoid confusion with "Occupancy Type Categories."

(a)Food service, fast food, and cafeteria: This group includes cafeterias, hamburger and sandwich stores, bakeries, ice cream parlors, cookie stores, and all other kinds of retail food service establishments in which customers are generally served at a counter and their direct selections are paid for and taken to a table or carried out.

(b)Garages: This category includes all types of parking garages, except for service or repair areas.

(c)Leisure dining and bar: This group includes cafes, diners, bars, lounges, and similar establishments where orders are placed with a wait person.

(d)Mall concourse, multi-store service: This group includes the interior of multifunctional public spaces, such as shopping center malls, airports, resort concourses and malls, entertainment facilities, and related types of buildings or spaces.

(e)Offices: This group includes all kinds of offices, including corporate and professional offices, office/laboratories, governmental offices, libraries, and similar facilities, where paperwork occurs.

(f)Retail: A retail store, including departments for the sale of accessories, clothing, dry goods, electronics, and toys, and other types of establishments that display objects for direct selection and purchase by consumers. Direct selection means literally removing an item from display and carrying it to the checkout or pick-up at a customer service facility.

(g)Schools: This category, subdivided by pre-school/elementary, junior high/high school, and technical/vocational, includes public and private educational institutions, for children or adults, and may also include community centers, college and university buildings, and business educational centers.

(h)Service establishment: A retail-like facility, such as watch repair, real estate offices, auto and tire service facilities, parts departments, travel agencies and similar facilities, in which the customer obtains services rather than the direct selection of goods.

(i)Warehouse and storage: This includes all types of support facilities, such as warehouses, barns, storage buildings, shipping/receiving buildings, boiler or mechanical buildings, electric power buildings, and similar buildings where the primary visual task is large items.

401.3.2-Tables and Figures

Table 401.3.2a-Interior Lighting Power Allowance W/ft²

Building space activity¹	Gross lighted area of total building
Building space activity¹	0 to 2,000 ft²	2,001 to 10,000 ft²	10,001 to 25,000 ft²	25,001 to 50,000 ft²	50,001 to 250,000 ft²	250,000 ft²
Food Service:
Fast Food/Cafeteria	1.50	1.38	1.34	1.32	1.31	1.30
Leisure Dining/Bar	2.20	1.91	1.71	1.56	1.46	1.40
Offices	1.90	1.81	1.72	1.65	1.57	1.50
Retail³	3.30	3.08	2.83	2.50	2.28	2.10
Mall Concourse Multi-store Service	1.60	1.58	1.52	1.46	1.43	1.40
Service Establishment	2.70	2.37	2.08	1.92	1.80	1.70
Garages	0.30	0.28	0.24	0.22	0.21	0.20
Schools:
Preschool/Elementary	1.80	1.80	1.72	1.65	1.57	1.50
Jr. High/High School	1.90	1.90	1.88	1.83	1.76	1.70
Technical/Vocational	2.40	2.33	2.17	2.01	1.84	1.70
Warehouse/Storage	0.80	0.66	0.56	0.48	0.43	0.40

¹ If at least 10% of the building area is intended for multiple space activities, such as parking, retail, and storage in an office building, then calculate for each separate building type/space activity.

² The values in the categories are building wide allowances which include the listed activity and directly related facilities such as conference rooms, lobbies, corridors, restrooms, etc.

³ Includes general, merchandising, and display lighting.

Table 401.3.2b-Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance

Common area/activity¹	UPD W/ft²
Auditorium²	1.4
Corridor³	0.8
Classroom/Lecture Hall	2.0
Electrical/Mechanical Equipment Room:
General³	0.7
Control Rooms³	1.5
Food Service:
Fast Food/Cafeteria	1.3
Leisure Dining⁴	1.4
Bar/Lounge⁴	2.5
Kitchen	1.4
Recreation/Lounge	0.7
Stair:
Active Traffic	0.6
Emergency Exit	0.4
Toilet & Washroom	0.8
Garage:
Auto & Pedestrian Circulation Area	0.3
Parking Area	0.2
Laboratory	2.2
Library:
Audio Visual	1.1
Stack Area	1.1
Card File & Cataloging	0.8
Reading Area	1.1
Lobby (General):
Reception & Waiting	1.0
Elevator Lobbies	0.4
Atrium (Multi-Story):
First 3 Floors	0.7
Each Additional Floor	0.2
Locker Room & Shower	0.8
Office Category 1
Enclosed offices, all open plan offices w/o partitions or w/partitions⁶ lower than 4.5 ft below the ceiling.⁵
Reading, Typing and Filing	1.5
Drafting	1.9
Accounting	1.6
Office Category 2:
Open plan offices 900 ft² or larger w/partitions
1 3.5 to 4.5 ft below the ceiling.
Offices less than 900 ft2 shall use category 1³
Reading, Typing and Filing	1.5
Drafting	2.0
Accounting	1.8
Office Category 3:
Open plan offices 900 ft² or larger w/partitions⁶ higher than 3.5 ft below the ceiling.
Offices less than 900 ft² shall use category 1.³
Reading, Typing and Filing	1.7
Drafting	2.3
Accounting	1.9
Common Activity Areas
Conference/Meeting Room²	1.3
Computer/Office Equipment	1.1
Filing, Inactive	1.0
Mail Room	1.8
Shop (Non-Industrial):
Machinery	2.5
Electrical/Electronic	2.5
Painting	1.6
Carpentry	2.3
Welding	1.2
Storage and Warehouse;
Inactive Storage	0.2
Active Storage, Bulky	0.3
Active Storage, Fine	0.9
Material Handling	1.0
Unlisted Space	0.2

¹ Use a weighted average UPD in rooms with multiple simultaneous activities, weighted in proportion to the area served.

² A 1.5 power adjustment factor is applicable for multi-function spaces when a supplementary system having independent controls is installed that has installed power [LESS THAN EQUAL TO]33% of the adjusted lighting power for that space.

³ Area factor of 1.0 shall be used for these spaced.

⁴ UPD includes lighting power required for clean-up purposes.

⁵ Area factor shall not exceed 1.55.

⁶ Not less than 90 percent of all work stations shall be individually enclosed with partitions of at least the height described.

Table 401.3.2c-Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance

Specific building area/activity¹	UPD W/ft²
Airport, Bus and Rail Station:
Baggage Area	0.8
Concourse/Main Thruway	0.9
Ticket Counter	2.0
Waiting & Lounge Area	0.8
Bank:
Customer Area	1.0
Banking Activity Area	2.2
Barber & Beauty Parlor	1.6
Church, Synagogue, Chapel:
Worship/Congregational	1.7
Preaching & Sermon/Choir	1.8
Dormitory:
Bedroom	1.0
Bedroom w/Study	1.3
Study Hall	1.2
Fire & Police Department:
Fire Engine Room	0.7
Jail Cell	0.8
Hospital/Nursing Home:
Corridor³	1.3
Dental Suite/Examination/Treatment	1.6
Emergency	2.0
Laboratory	1.7
Lounge/Waiting Room	0.9
Medical Supplies	2.4
Nursery	1.6
Nurse Station	1.8
Occupational Therapy/Physical Therapy	1.4
Patient Room	1.2
Pharmacy	1.5
Radiology	1.8
Surgical & Obstetrics Suites:
General Area	1.8
Operating Room	6.0
Recovery	2.0
Hotel/Conference Center:
Banquet Room/Multipurpose²	1.7
Bathroom/Powder Room	1.2
Guest Room	0.9
Public Area	1.0
Exhibition Hall	1.8
Conference/Meeting²	1.5
Lobby	1.5
Reception Desk	2.4
Laundry:
Washing	0.9
Ironing & Sorting	1.3
Museum & Gallery:
General Exhibition	1.9
Inspection/Restoration	3.0
Storage (Artifacts):
Inactive	0.6
Active	0.7
Post Office:
Lobby	1.1
Sorting & Mailing	2.1
Service Station/Auto Repair	0.8
Theater:
Performance Arts	1.3
Motion Picture	1.0
Lobby	1.3
Retail Establishments-Merchandising & Circulation Area (Applicable to all lighting, including accent and display lighting, installed in merchandising and circulation areas):
Type 1: Jewelry merchandising, where minute examination of displayed merchandise is critical.	5.6
Type 2: Fine merchandising, such as fine apparel and accessories, china, crystal, and silver art galleries and where the detailed display and examination of merchandising is important.	2.9
Type 3: Mass merchandising, such as general apparel, variety goods, stationary, books, sporting goods, hobby materials, cameras, gifts, and luggage, displayed in a warehouse type of building, where focused display and detailed examination of merchandise is important.	2.7
Type 4: General merchandising, such as general apparel, variety goods, stationary, books, sporting goods, hobby materials, cameras, gifts, and luggage, displayed in a department store type of building, where general display and examination of merchandise is adequate.	2.3
Type 5: Food and miscellaneous such as bakeries, hardware and housewares, grocery stores, appliance and furniture stores, where pleasant appearance is important.	2.4
Type 6: Service establishments, where functional performance is important.	2.6
Mall Concourse	1.4
Retail Support Areas	2.1
Tailoring	1.1
Dressing/Fitting Rooms

¹ Use a weighted average UPD in rooms with multiple simultaneous activities, weighted in proportion to the area served.

³ Area factor shall not exceed 1.55.

Table 401.3.2d-Unit Interior Lighting Power Allowance

Indoor athletic area/activity^{1 2}	UPD W/ft²
Seating Area, All Sports	0.4
Badminton:
Club	0.5
Tournament	0.8
Basketball/Volleyball:
Intramural	0.8
College	1.3
Professional	1.9
Bowling:
Approach Area	0.5
Lanes	1.1
Boxing or Wrestling (platform):
Amateur	2.4
Professional	4.8
Gymnasium:
General Exercising and Recreation Only	1.0
Handball/Racquetball/Squash:
Club	1.3
Tournament	2.6
Hockey, Ice:
Amateur	1.3
College or Professional	2.6
Skating Rink:
Recreational	0.6
Exhibition/Professional	2.6
Swimming:
Recreational	0.9
Exhibition	1.5
Underwater	1.0
Tennis:
Recreational (Class III)	1.3
Club/College (Class II)	1.9
Professional (Class I)	2.6
Tennis, Table:
Club	1.0
Tournament	1.6

¹ Area factor of 1.0 shall be used for these spaces.

² Consider as 10 ft. beyond playing boundaries but less than or equal to the total floor area of the sports space minus spectator seating area.

Figure 401.3.2e-Area Factor Formula

View Image

Area Factor Formula:

Area Factor (AF) = 0.2 + 0.8(1/0.9ⁿ)

Where:

AF = area factor,

CH = ceiling height (ft),

A_r = space area (ft²).

If AF [LESS THAN]1.0 use 1.0; if AF [GREATER THAN]1.8 use 1.8

401.3.3Lighting Power Control Credits. The interior connected lighting power determined in accordance with § 434.401.3.2 can be decreased for luminaries that are automatically controlled for occupancy, daylight, lumen maintenance, or programmable timing. The adjusted interior connected lighting power shall be determined by subtracting the sum of all lighting power control credits from the interior connected lighting power. Using Table 401.3.3, the lighting power control credit equals the power adjustment factor times the connected lighting power of the controlled lighting. The lighting power adjustment shall be applied with the following limitations:

(a) It is limited to the specific area controlled by the automatic control device.

(b) Only one lighting power adjustment may be used for each building space or luminaire, and 50 percent or more of the controlled luminaire shall be within the applicable space.

(c) Controls shall be installed in series with the lights and in series with all manual switching devices.

(d) When sufficient daylight is available, daylight sensing controls shall be capable of reducing electrical power consumption for lighting (continuously or in steps) to 50 percent or less of maximum power consumption.

(e) Daylight sensing controls shall control all luminaires to which the adjustment is applied and that direct a minimum of 50 percent of their light output into the daylight zone.

(f) Programmable timing controls shall be able to program different schedules for occupied and unoccupied days, be readily accessible for temporary override with automatic return to the original schedule, and keep time during power outages for at least four hours.

Table 401.3.3-Lighting Power Adjustment Factors

Automatic control devices	PAF
(1) Daylight Sensing controls (DS), continuous dimming	0.30
(2) DS, multiple step dimming	0.20
(3) DS, ON/OFF	0.10
(4) DS continuous dimming and programmable timing	0.35
(5) DS multiple step dimming and programmable timing	0.25
(6) DS ON/OFF and programmable timing	0.15
(7) DS continuous dimming, programmable timing, and lumen maintenance	0.40
(8) DS multiple step dimming, programmable timing, and lumen maintenance	0.30
(9) DS ON/OFF, programmable timing, and lumen maintenance	0.20
(10) Lumen maintenance control	0.10
(11) Lumen maintenance and programmable timing control	0.15
(12) Programmable timing control	0.15
(13) Occupancy sensor (OS)	0.30
(14) OS and DS, continuous dimming	0.40
(15) OS and DS, multiple-step dimming	0.35
(16) OS and DS, ON/OFF	0.35
(17) OS, DS continuous dimming, and lumen maintenance	0.45
(18) OS, DS multiple-step dimming and lumen maintenance	0.40
(19) OS, DS ON/OFF, and lumen maintenance	0.35
(20) OS and lumen maintenance	0.35
(21) OS and programmable timing control	0.35

401.3.4Lighting controls.

401.3.4.1Type of Lighting Controls. All lighting systems shall have controls, with the exception of emergency use or exit lighting.

401.3.4.2Number of Manual Controls. Spaces enclosed by walls or ceiling-high partitions shall have a minimum of one manual control (on/off switch) for lighting in that space. Additional manual controls shall be provided for each task location or for each group of task locations within an area of 450 ft² or less. For spaces with only one lighting fixture or with a single ballast, one manual control is required. Exceptions are as follows:

401.3.4.2.1 Continuous lighting for security;

401.3.4.2.2 Systems in which occupancy sensors, local programmable timers, or three-level (including OFF) step controls or preset dimming controls are substituted for manual controls at the rate of one for every two required manual controls, providing at least one control is installed for every 1500 watts of power.

401.3.4.2.3 Systems in which four-level (including OFF) step controls or preset dimming controls or automatic or continuous dimming controls are substituted for manual controls at a rate of one for every three required manual controls, providing at least one control is installed for every 1500 watts of power.

401.3.4.2.4 Spaces that must be used as a whole, such as public lobbies, retail stores, warehouses, and storerooms.

401.3.4.3Multiple Location Controls. Manual controls that operate the same load from multiple locations must be counted as one manual control.

401.3.4.4Control Accessibility. Lighting controls shall be readily accessible from within the space controlled. Exceptions are as follows: Controls for spaces that are to be used as a whole, automatic controls, programmable controls, controls requiring trained operators, and controls for safety hazards and security.

401.3.4.5Hotel and Motel Guest Room Control. Hotel and motel guest rooms and suites shall have at least one master switch at the main entry door that controls all permanently wired lighting fixtures and switched receptacles excluding bathrooms. The following exception applies: Where switches are provided at the entry to each room of a multiple-room suite.

401.3.4.6Switching of Exterior Lighting. Exterior lighting not intended for 24-hour use shall be automatically switched by either timer or photocell or a combination of timer and photocell. When used, timers shall be capable of seven-day and seasonal daylight schedule adjustment and have power backup for at least four hours.

401.3.5Ballasts.

401.3.5.1Tandem Wiring. One-lamp or three-lamp fluorescent luminaries that are recess mounted within 10 ft center-to-center of each other, or pendant mounted, or surface mounted within 1 ft of each other, and within the same room, shall be tandem wired, unless three-lamp ballasts are used.

401.3.5.2Power Factor. All ballasts shall have a power factor of at least 90%, with the exception of dimming ballasts, and ballasts for circline and compact fluorescent lamps and low wattage high intensity discharge (HID) lamps not over 100 W.

10 C.F.R. §434.401