Section 2193 - Smoke Opacity Standards, Inspection Intervals, and Test Procedures(a) Standards. For any vehicle subject to the requirements of this chapter, the maximum smoke opacity standard when tested in accordance with the test procedures specified in section 2193(d) is as specified in section 2196.6. (1) 5% for any heavy-duty vehicle powered by a 2007 or subsequent model year diesel engine.(2) 5% for any heavy-duty vehicle required to be equipped or retrofitted with a Level 3 VDECS, regardless of its diesel engine model year.(3) 20% for any heavy-duty vehicle equipped or retrofitted with a Level 2 VDECS, regardless of its diesel engine model year.(4) 20% for any heavy-duty vehicle powered by a 1997 to 2006 model year diesel engine.(5) 30% for any heavy-duty vehicle powered by a 1991 to 1996 model year diesel engine.(6) 40% for any heavy-duty vehicle powered by a pre-1991 model year diesel engine.(7) 40% for any heavy-duty two-engine crane that has been reported to CARB per title 13 section 2449(g) and that is powered by an off-road propulsion engine without a diesel particulate filter.(b) Inspection intervals. (1) Annual testing. A fleet, as defined in section 2191(a)(2), shall comply with the requirements of this chapter. A vehicle subject to the requirements must be tested annually (on or before December 31 of each year) for smoke opacity (and repaired if the applicable smoke opacity standard is exceeded) in accordance with the requirements of section 2193. An owner may elect instead to review annually an eligible vehicle's OBD data using the procedure set forth in section 2193(f).(2) New fleets. Fleets that first become subject to the requirements of this chapter subsequent to the effective date of these regulations must be tested in accordance with section 2193 on or before December 31 of the next calendar year from the date the fleet first becomes subject to the requirements of this chapter.(c) Smoke test equipment. The smoke measurement equipment shall consist of a full-flow end-of-line or a sampling type smoke meter, a data-processing unit, and a printer and/or electronic storage medium to record and output the test results. (1) The smoke meter shall comply with the specifications provided in the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) procedure J1667, "Snap-Acceleration Smoke Test Procedure for Heavy-Duty Powered Vehicles," February 1996, section 6, which is incorporated herein by reference, and shall be calibrated in accordance with specifications in SAE procedure J1667, section 7.(2) The data-processing unit shall be capable of performing the functions described in SAE procedure J1667, Appendices A and C (February 1996).(d) Smoke test procedures. The smoke opacity test procedures are those set forth in the SAE Recommended Practice SAE J1667 as issued February 1996 ("1996-02"), which is incorporated herein by reference. The test procedure shall consist of preparation, preconditioning, and test phases:
(1) In the preparation phase, the tester shall ensure the vehicle is placed at rest, verify that the transmission is placed in neutral, and ensure the vehicle wheels are properly restrained to prevent any rolling motion, in accordance with specifications in SAE procedure J1667, section 5.1 (February 1996).(2) In the preconditioning phase, the tester shall perform at least three preliminary snap-acceleration test cycles on the vehicle using the sequence described in SAE procedure J1667, section 5.3 (February 1996). Prior to conducting smoke measurements, the zero and full scale readings of the smoke meter shall be verified by the tester in accordance with specifications in SAE procedure J1667, section 5.4.2 (February 1996).(3) In the test phase, the tester shall put the vehicle through three snap-acceleration test cycles.(4) The tester shall measure the opacity during the preconditioning and test phases with a smoke meter and shall record the opacity measurements during each snap-acceleration test cycle.(5) The smoke test opacity level to determine the compliance with section 2193(a) shall be the average of the corrected maximum 0.5-second average smoke values from the three snap-acceleration test cycles.(6) The testing shall be performed by a "Trained Smoke Tester" as defined in section 2191(a)(8).(e) OBD submission alternative. In lieu of performing a smoke test as specified in section 2193(d), for 2013 and newer model year engines, fleets may review OBD data and submit the data to CARB as specified in section 2193(f).
(1) If the OBD data submission shows that the malfunction indicator light (MIL) status is commanded on or that any permanent fault code is stored, the vehicle is considered to have failed the test. The fleet owner shall then repair the vehicle and submit a post-repair OBD scan result that shows the MIL status is commanded off and that there are no permanent fault codes. The fleet owner shall keep vehicle repair information as specified in section 2194(b) for two years.(f) OBD submission alternative procedure. If a fleet owner chooses to submit OBD data in accordance with section 2193(e), the owner shall submit the data to CARB using a format approved by the Executive Officer for electronic data reporting, to be made available on CARB's website, https://www.arb.ca.gov. (1) Owner information. The owner shall submit to CARB the following information: * Owner's name
* Name of company or agency
* Name of responsible person
* Title of responsible person
* Contact phone number
* Contact email address (if applicable)
* Street Address and Mailing Address
(2) Vehicle information. For each vehicle subject to the requirements of this chapter for which a fleet owner elects to conduct an annual review of OBD data, the fleet owner shall submit to CARB the following information: * License plate number
* Engine model year
* Engine make
(3) OBD information. For each vehicle subject to the requirements of this chapter for which a fleet owner elects to conduct an annual review of OBD data, the fleet owner shall submit to CARB the following data from an OBD data scan which are available from vehicles pursuant to Title 13, California Code of Regulations, Section 1971.1(h)(4), "On-Board Diagnostic System Requirements -- 2010 and Subsequent Model -Year Heavy-Duty Engines" for vehicles with gross vehicle weight rating greater than 14,000 pounds, and Title 13, California Code of Regulations, Section 1968.2(g)(4), "Malfunction and Diagnostic System Requirements -- 2004 and Subsequent Model-Year Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles and Engines" for vehicles with GVWR 6001 pounds to 14,000 pounds. * MIL status
* All stored emission-related fault codes:
* Active (MIL on) fault codes
* Previously active fault codes (if available)
* Pending fault codes
* Permanent fault codes
* Vehicle Identification Number
* Engine Serial Number (if available)
* Status of each readiness indicator
* Calibration Verification Number (CVN)
* OBD requirements to which the engine is certified
* Distance traveled/engine run time while MIL activated
* Distance traveled/engine run time since fault memory last cleared
* Number of warm-up cycles since fault memory last cleared
(g) Smoke Tester Training Requirements A smoke tester must have a CARB-approved smoke tester identification number to perform the testing requirements in section 2193. To receive a smoke tester identification number through CARB, an individual that is not the owner and that is not directly employed by the fleet must submit a copy of the certificate of completion upon successful completion of one of the following training courses specified in section 2193(g)(1) or (2). An owner or an individual directly employed by the owner of the fleet may instead complete an on-line training course developed and distributed by CARB.
(1) The California Council on Diesel Education and Technology HDVIP/PSIP Course (CCDET I), or(2) A training course meeting the requirements of section 2193(h), which has received Executive Officer approval as an approved smoke tester training.(h) Smoke Tester Training Course Requirements An entity offering a smoke tester training course must apply to the Executive Officer for approval to become a CARB-approved smoke tester training course provider. An approved smoke tester training course must include the following:
(1) Hands-on training on how to properly perform the testing requirements of this chapter following the equipment and procedure specifications required in section 2193.(2) Hands-on training on how to properly calibrate a smoke meter to meet the specifications of SAE procedure J1667 and the requirements of section 2193(c)(1).(3) Instructional curriculum on the requirements and responsibilities of both the fleet owner and the smoke tester to meet the requirements of sections 2190-2194.(4) A requirement that potential smoke testers successfully pass a written examination and the hands-on training specified in sections 2193(h)(1) and (2).(5) Issuance of a certificate of completion for smoke testers who have successfully passed the smoke tester training examinations as specified in section 2193(h)(4).Cal. Code Regs. Tit. 13, § 2193
1. New section filed 12-1-93; operative 1-1-95 (Register 93, No. 49).
2. Amendment of subsection (a) filed 11-30-95; operative 12-30-95 (Register 95, No. 48).
3. Amendment of section heading and section filed 5-4-98; operative 5-4-98 pursuant to Government Code section 11343.4(d) (Register 98, No. 19).
4. Change without regulatory effect amending subsection (e)(1) filed 8-24-2009 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 2009, No. 35).
5. Change without regulatory effect amending subsection (c) filed 2-7-2013 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 2013, No. 6).
6. Amendment of section heading and section filed 5-8-2019; operative 7-1-2019 (Register 2019, No. 19).
7. Amendment of subsection (a) filed 10-5-2022; operative 1-1-2023 (Register 2022, No. 40). Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013 and 43701(a), Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39033, 43000, 43013, 43018, 43701(a) and 44011.6, Health and Safety Code.
1. New section filed 12-1-93; operative 1-1-95 (Register 93, No. 49).
2. Amendment of subsection (a) filed 11-30-95; operative 12-30-95 (Register 95, No. 48).
3. Amendment of section heading and section filed 5-4-98; operative 5-4-98 pursuant to Government Code section 11343.4(d) (Register 98, No. 19).
4. Change without regulatory effect amending subsection (e)(1) filed 8-24-2009 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 2009, No. 35).
5. Change without regulatory effect amending subsection (c) filed 2-7-2013 pursuant to section 100, title 1, California Code of Regulations (Register 2013, No. 6).
6. Amendment of section heading and section filed 5-8-2019; operative 7/1/2019 (Register 2019, No. 19).
7. Amendment of subsection (a) filed 10-5-2022; operative 1/1/2023 (Register 2022, No. 40).