Ariz. Admin. Code § 18-2-313

Current through Register Vol. 30, No. 45, November 8, 2024

Section R18-2-313 - Existing Source Emission Monitoring

A. Every source subject to an existing source performance standard as specified in this Chapter shall install, calibrate, operate, and maintain all monitoring equipment necessary for continuously monitoring the pollutants and other gases specified in this Section for the applicable source category.

1. Applicability.

a. Fossil-fuel fired steam generators, as specified in subsection (C)(1), shall be monitored for opacity, nitrogen oxides emissions, sulfur dioxide emissions, and oxygen or carbon dioxide.

b. Fluid bed catalytic cracking unit catalyst regenerators, as specified in subsection (C)(4), shall be monitored for opacity.

c. Sulfuric acid plants, as specified in subsection (C)(3)of this Section, shall be monitored for sulfur dioxide emissions.

d. Nitric acid plants, as specified in subsection (C)(2), shall be monitored for nitrogen oxides emissions.

2. Emission monitoring shall not be required when the source of emissions is not operating.

3. Variations.

a. Unless otherwise prohibited by the Act, the Director may approve, on a case-by-case basis, alternative monitoring requirements different from the provisions of this Section if the installation of a continuous emission monitoring system cannot be implemented by a source due to physical plant limitations or extreme economic reasons. Alternative monitoring procedures shall be specified by the Director on a case-by-case basis and shall include, as a minimum, annual manual stack tests for the pollutants identified for each type of source in this Section. Extreme economic reasons shall mean that the requirements of this Section would cause the source to be unable to continue in business.

b. Alternative monitoring requirements may be prescribed when installation of a continuous emission monitoring system or monitoring device specified by this Section would not provide accurate determinations of emissions (e.g., condensed, uncombined water vapor may prevent an accurate determination of opacity using commercially available continuous emission monitoring systems).

c. Alternative monitoring requirements may be prescribed when the affected facility is infrequently operated (e.g., some affected facilities may operate less than one month per year).

4. Monitoring system malfunction: A temporary exemption from the monitoring and reporting requirements of this Section may be provided during any period of monitoring system malfunction, provided that the source owner or operator demonstrates that the malfunction was unavoidable and is being repaired expeditiously.

B. Installation and performance testing required under this Section shall be completed and monitoring and recording shall commence within 18 months of the effective date of this Section.

C. Minimum monitoring requirements:

1. Fossil-fuel fired steam generators: Each fossil-fuel fired steam generator, except as provided in the following subsections, with an annual average capacity factor of greater than 30%, as reported to the Federal Power Commission for calendar year 1976, or as otherwise demonstrated to the Department by the owner or operator, shall conform with the following monitoring requirements when such facility is subject to an emission standard for the pollutant in question.

a. A continuous emission monitoring system for the measurement of opacity which meets the performance specifications of this Section shall be installed, calibrated, maintained, and operated in accordance with the procedures of this Section by the owner or operator of any such steam generator of greater than 250 million Btu per hour heat input except where:

i. Gaseous fuel is the only fuel burned; or

ii. Oil or a mixture of gas and oil are the only fuels burned and the source is able to comply with the applicable particulate matter and opacity regulations without utilization of particulate matter collection equipment, and where the source has never been found to be in violation through any administrative or judicial proceedings, or accepted responsibility for any violation of any visible emission standard.

b. A continuous emission monitoring system for the measurement of sulfur dioxide which meets the performance specifications of this Section shall be installed, calibrated, using sulfur dioxide calibration gas mixtures or other gas mixtures approved by the Director, maintained and operated on any fossil-fuel fired steam generator of greater than 250 million Btu per hour heat input which has installed sulfur dioxide pollutant control equipment.

c. A continuous emission monitoring system for the measurement of nitrogen oxides which meets the performance specification of this Section shall be installed, calibrated using nitric oxide calibration gas mixtures or other gas mixtures approved by the Director, maintained and operated on fossil-fuel fired steam generators of greater than 1000 million Btu per hour heat input when such facility is located in an air quality control region where the Director has specifically determined that a control strategy for nitrogen dioxide is necessary to attain the ambient air quality standard specified in R18-2-205, unless the source owner or operator demonstrates during source compliance tests as required by the Department that such a source emits nitrogen oxides at levels 30% or more below the emission standard within this Chapter.

d. A continuous emission monitoring system for the measurement of the percent oxygen or carbon dioxide which meets the performance specifications of this Section shall be installed, calibrated, operated, and maintained on fossil-fuel fired steam generators where measurements of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the flue gas are required to convert either sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides continuous emission monitoring data, or both, to units of the emission standard within this Chapter.

2. Nitric acid plants: Each nitric acid plant of greater than 300 tons per day production capacity, the production capacity being expressed as 100% acid located in an air quality control region where the Director has specifically determined that a control strategy for nitrogen dioxide is necessary to attain the ambient air quality standard specified in R18-2-205, shall install, calibrate using nitrogen dioxide calibration gas mixtures, maintain, and operate a continuous emission monitoring system for the measurement of nitrogen oxides which meets the performance specifications of this Section for each nitric acid producing facility within such plant.

3. Sulfuric acid plants: Each sulfuric acid plant as defined in R18-2-101, of greater than 300 tons per day production capacity, the production being expressed as 100% acid, shall install, calibrate using sulfur dioxide calibration gas mixtures or other gas mixtures approved by the Director, maintain and operate a continuous emission monitoring system for the measurement of sulfur dioxide which meets the performance specifications of this Section for each sulfuric acid producing facility within such a plant.

4. Fluid bed catalytic cracking unit catalyst regenerators at petroleum refineries. Each catalyst regenerator for fluid bed catalytic cracking units of greater than 20,000 barrels per day fresh-feed capacity shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous emission monitoring system for the measurement of opacity which meets the performance specifications of this Section for each regenerator within such refinery.

D. Minimum specifications: Owners or operators of monitoring equipment installed to comply with this Section shall demonstrate compliance with the following performance specifications.

1. The performance specifications set forth in Appendix B of 40 CFR 60 are incorporated herein by reference and shall be used by the Director to determine acceptability of monitoring equipment installed pursuant to this Section. However where reference is made to the Administrator in Appendix B of 40 CFR 60, the Director may allow the use of either the state-approved reference method or the federally approved reference method as published in 40 CFR 60. The performance specifications to be used with each type of monitoring system are listed below.

a. Continuous emission monitoring systems for measuring opacity shall comply with performance specification 1.

b. Continuous emission monitoring systems for measuring nitrogen oxides shall comply with performance specification 2.

c. Continuous emission monitoring systems for measuring sulfur dioxide shall comply with performance specification 2.

d. Continuous emission monitoring systems for measuring sulfur dioxide shall comply with performance specification 3.

e. Continuous emission monitoring systems for measuring carbon dioxide shall comply with performance specification 3.

2. Calibration gases: Span and zero gases shall be traceable to National Bureau of Standards reference gases whenever these reference gases are available. Every six months from date of manufacture, span and zero gases shall be reanalyzed by conducting triplicate analyses using the reference methods in Appendix A of 40 CFR 60 (Chapter 1) as amended: For sulfur dioxide, use Reference Method 6; for nitrogen oxides, use Reference method 7; and for carbon dioxide or oxygen, use Reference Method 3. The gases may be analyzed at less frequent intervals if longer shelf lives are guaranteed by the manufacturer.

3. Cycling time: Time includes the total time required to sample, analyze, and record an emission measurement.

a. Continuous emission monitoring systems for measuring opacity shall complete a minimum of one cycle of sampling and analyzing for each successive six-minute period.

b. Continuous emission monitoring systems for measuring oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, or sulfur dioxide shall complete a minimum of one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing, and date recording) for each successive 15-minute period.

4. Monitor location: All continuous emission monitoring systems or monitoring devices shall be installed such that representative measurements of emissions of process parameter (i.e., oxygen, or carbon dioxide) from the affected facility are obtained. Additional guidance for location of continuous emission monitoring systems to obtain representative samples are contained in the applicable performance specifications of Appendix B of 40 CFR 60.

5. Combined effluents: When the effluents from two or more affected facilities of similar design and operating characteristics are combined before being released to the atmosphere through more than one point, separate monitors shall be installed.

6. Zero and drift: Owners or operators of all continuous emission monitoring systems installed in accordance with the requirements of this Section shall record the zero and span drift in accordance with the method prescribed by the manufacturer's recommended zero and span check at least once daily, using calibration gases specified in subsection (C) as applicable, unless the manufacturer has recommended adjustments at shorter intervals, in which case such recommendations shall be followed; shall adjust the zero span whenever the 24-hour zero drift or 24-hour calibration drift limits of the applicable performance specifications in Appendix B of Part 60, Chapter 1, Title 40 CFR are exceeded.

7. Span: Instrument span should be approximately 200% of the expected instrument data display output corresponding to the emission standard for the source.

E. Minimum data requirement: The following subsections set forth the minimum data reporting requirements for sources employing continuous monitoring equipment as specified in this Section. These periodic reports do not relieve the source operator from the reporting requirements of R18-2-310.01.

1. The owners or operators of facilities required to install continuous emission monitoring systems shall submit to the Director a written report of excess emissions for each calendar quarter and the nature and cause of the excess emissions, if known. The averaging period used for data reporting shall correspond to the averaging period specified in the emission standard for the pollutant source category in question. The required report shall include, as a minimum, the data stipulated in this subsection.

2. For opacity measurements, the summary shall consist of the magnitude in actual percent opacity of all six-minute opacity averages greater than any applicable standards for each hour of operation of the facility. Average values may be obtained by integration over the averaging period or by arithmetically averaging a minimum of four equally spaced, instantaneous opacity measurements per minute. Any time periods exempted shall be deleted before determining any averages in excess of opacity standards.

3. For gaseous measurements the summary shall consist of emission averages in the units of the applicable standard for each averaging period during which the applicable standard was exceeded.

4. The date and time identifying each period during which the continuous emission monitoring system was inoperative, except for zero and span checks and the nature of system repair or adjustment shall be reported. The Director may require proof of continuous emission monitoring system performance whenever system repairs or adjustments have been made.

5. When no excess emissions have occurred and the continuous emission monitoring system(s) have not been inoperative, repaired, or adjusted, such information shall be included in the report.

6. Owners or operators of affected facilities shall maintain a file of all information reported in the quarterly summaries, and all other data collected either by the continuous emission monitoring system or as necessary to convert monitoring data to the units of the applicable standard for a minimum of two years from the date of collection of such data or submission of such summaries.

F. Data reduction: Owners or operators of affected facilities shall use the following procedures for converting monitoring data to units of the standard where necessary.

1. For fossil-fuel fired steam generators the following procedures shall be used to convert gaseous emission monitoring data in parts per million to g/million cal (lb/million Btu) where necessary.

a. When the owner or operator of a fossil-fuel fired steam generator elects under subsection (C)(1)(d) to measure oxygen in the flue gases, the measurements of the pollutant concentration and oxygen concentration shall each be on a consistent basis (wet or dry).

i. When measurements are on a wet basis, except where wet scrubbers are employed or where moisture is otherwise added to stack gases, the following conversion procedure shall be used:

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ii. When measurements are on a wet basis and the water vapor content of the stack gas is determined at least once every 15 minutes the following conversion procedure shall be used:

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Use of this equation is contingent upon demonstrating the ability to accurately determine B(ws) such that any absolute error in B(ws) will not cause an error of more than ±1.5% in the term:

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iii. When measurements are on a dry basis, the following conversation procedure shall be used:

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b. When the owner or operator elects under subsection (C)(1)(d) to measure carbon dioxide in the flue gases, the measurement of the pollutant concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration shall each be on a consistent basis (wet or dry) and the following conversion procedure used;

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c. The values used in the equations under subsection (F)(1) above are derived as follows:

E(Q) = pollutant emission, g/million cal (lb/million Btu).

C = pollutant concentration, g/dscm (lb/dscf), determined by multiplying the average concentration (ppm) for each hourly period by 4.16 x 10^-5 M g/dscm per ppm (2.64 x 10^-9 M lb/dscf per ppm) where M = pollutant molecular weight, g/g-mole (lb/lb-mole), M = 64 for sulfur dioxide and 46 for oxides of nitrogen.

C(ws) = pollutant concentrations at stack conditions, g/wscm (lb/wscf), determined by multiplying the average concentration (ppm) for each one-hour period by 4.15 x 10^-5 M lb/wscm per ppm) (2.59 x 10^-5 M lb/wscf per ppm) where M = pollutant molecular weight, g/g mole (lb/lb mole). M = 64 for sulfur dioxide and 46 for nitrogen oxides.

%O(2),%CO(2) = Oxygen or carbon dioxide volume (expressed as percent) determined with equipment specified under subsection (D)(1)(d).

F,F(c) = A factor representing a ratio of the volume of dry flue gases generated to the calorific value of the fuel combusted (F), a factor representing a ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide generated to the calorific value of the fuel combusted (F(c)), respectively. Values of F and F(c) are given in 40 CFR 60.45(f) (Chapter 1).

F(w) = A factor representing a ratio of the volume of wet flue gases generated to the caloric value of the fuel combusted. Values of F(w) are given in Reference Method 19 of the Arizona Testing Manual.

B(wa) = Proportion by volume of water vapor in the ambient air. Approval may be given for determination of B(w)a by on-site instrumental measurement provided that the absolute accuracy of the measurement technique can be demonstrated to be within ± 0.7% water vapor. Estimation methods for B(wa) are given in Reference Method 19 of the Arizona Testing Manual.

B(ws) = Proportion by volume of water vapor in the stack gas.

2. For sulfuric acid plants as defined in R18-2-101, the owner or operator shall:

a. Establish a conversion factor three times daily according to the procedures of 40 CFR 60.84(b) (Chapter 1),

b. Multiply the conversion factor by the average sulfur dioxide concentration in the flue gases to obtain average sulfur dioxide emissions in Kg/metric ton (lb/short ton), and

c. Report the average sulfur dioxide emission for each averaging period in excess of the applicable emission standard in the quarterly summary.

3. For nitric acid plants, the owner or operator shall:

a. Establish a conversion factor according to the procedures of 40 CFR 60.73(b) (Chapter 1),

b. Multiply the conversion factor by the average nitrogen oxides concentration in the flue gases to obtain the nitrogen oxides emissions in the units of the applicable standard,

c. Report the average nitrogen oxides emission for each averaging period in excess of applicable emission standard in the quarterly summary.

4. The Director may allow data reporting or reduction procedures varying from those set forth in this Section if the owner or operator of a source shows to the satisfaction of the Director that his procedures are at least as accurate as those in this Section. Such procedures may include but are not limited to the following:

a. Alternative procedures for computing emission averages that do not require integration of data (e.g., some facilities may demonstrate that the variability of their emissions is sufficiently small to allow accurate reduction of data based upon computing averages from equally spaced data points over the averaging period).

b. Alternative methods of converting pollutant concentration measurements to the units of the emission standards.

Ariz. Admin. Code § R18-2-313

Adopted effective May 14, 1979 (Supp. 79-1). Amended effective October 2, 1979 (Supp. 79-5). Editorial correction, subsection (C), paragraph (1), subparagraph (d) (Supp 80-2). Amended effective July 9, 1980 (Supp. 80-4). Former Section R9-3-313 renumbered without change as R18-2-313 (Supp. 87-3). Amended effective September 26, 1990 (Supp. 90-3). Section repealed, new Section adopted effective November 15, 1993 (Supp. 93-4). Amended by final rulemaking at 7 A.A.R. 1164, effective February 15, 2001 (Supp. 01-1).