Ala. Admin. Code r. 335-3-6-.16

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Current through Register Vol. 42, No. 12, September 30, 2024

Section 335-3-6-.16 - Test Methods And Procedures

(1)Determination of Volatile Organic Content of Surface Coatings.

(a) This method applies to paint, varnish, lacquer, and surface coatings which are air-dried or force-dried.

(b) This method does not apply to any coating system requiring a special curing process such as:

1. exposure to temperatures in excess of 110° C (230° F) to promote thermal cross-linking; or

2. exposure to ultraviolet light to promote cross-linking.

(c) For the purposes of this method, the applicable surface coatings are divided into three classes. They are:

1.Class I: General Solvent-Type Paints. This class includes white linseed oil outside paint, white soya and phthalic alkyd enamel, white linseed o-phthalic alkyd enamel, red lead primer, zinc chromate primer, flat white inside enamel, white epoxy enamel, white vinyl toluene modified alkyd, white amino modified baking enamel, and other solvent-type paints not included in Class II.

2.Class II: Varnishes and Lacquers. This class includes clear and pigmented lacquers and varnishes.

3.Class III: Water Thinned Paints. This class includes emulsion or latex paints and colored enamels.

(d) For the purposes of this method, a representative sample of the surface coating shall be obtained at the point of delivery to the coater or any other point in the process that the Director approves.

(e) The volatile organic content of the sample shall be determined as follows:

1. Assign the coating to one of the three classes in subparagraph (c) of this paragraph. Assign any coating not clearly belonging to Class II or III to Class I.

2. Determine the density Dm (in grams/cubic centimeter) of the paint, varnish, lacquer, or related product according to the procedure outlined in ASTM 1475-60, Standard Method of Test for density of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products. Then, depending on the class of the coatings, use one of the following specified procedures to determine the volatile content:

(i)Class I. Use the procedure in ASTM 2369-73, Standard Method of Test for Volatile Content of Paints.

(I) Record the following information:

W1 = Weight of dish and sample, grams

W2 = Weight of dish and sample after heating, grams

S = Sample weight, grams.

(II) Compute the volatile organic content Cv (in grams/liter of paint) as follows:

See Formula at http://www.alabamaadministrativecode.state.al.us/docs/adem/3ADEM6.htm#T1

(III) To convert grams/liter to pounds/gallons, multiply Cv by 8.3455 x 10-3.

(ii)Class II. Use the procedure in ASTM D 1644-59 Method A, Standard Methods of Test for Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes (Do not use Method B).

(I) Record the following information:

A = Record of dish, grams

B = Weight of sample used, grams

C = Weight of dish and content after heating, grams.

(II) Compute the volatile organic content Cv (in grams/liter) as follows:

See Formula at http://www.alabamaadministrativecode.state.al.us/docs/adem/3ADEM6.htm#T1

(III) To convert grams/liter to pounds/gallon, multiply Cv by 8.3455 x 10-3.

(iii)Class III. Use the procedure in ASTM D 2369-73, Standard Method of Test for Volatile Content of Paints.

(I) Record the same information as specified in subparagraph (e)2.(i) of this paragraph.

(II) Determine the water content P (in percent water) of the paint according to the procedure outlined in Federal Standards 141a, Method 4082.1, Water in Paint and Varnishes (Karl Fisher Titration Method).

(III) Compute the nonaqueous volatile matter content Cv (in grams/liter) as follows:

See Formula at http://www.alabamaadministrativecode.state.al.us/docs/adem/3ADEM6.htm#T1

(IV) To convert grams/liter to pounds/gallon, multiply Cv by 8.3455 x 10-3.

(2)Test Procedure for Determination of VOC Emissions from Bulk Gasoline Terminals.

(a)Principle. VOC mass emissions are determined directly using flow meters and hydrocarbon analyzers. The volume of liquid gasoline dispensed is determined by computation based on the metered quantity of gasoline at the loading rack. Test results are expressed in milligrams of hydrocarbons emitted per liter of gasoline transferred.

(b)Summary of the Method. This method describes the test conditions and test procedures to be followed in determining the emissions from systems installed to control VOC vapors resulting from tank truck and trailer loading operations at bulk terminals. Under this procedure direct measurements are made to compute the hydrocarbon mass exhausted from the vapor control system. All possible sources of leaks are qualitatively checked to ensure that no uncontrolled vapors are emitted to the atmosphere. The results are expressed in terms of mass hydrocarbons emitted per unit volume of gasoline transferred. Emissions are determined on a total hydrocarbon basis. If methane is present in the vapors returned from the tank trucks or trailers, provisions are included for conversion to a total nonmethane hydrocarbon basis.

(c)Applicability. This method is applicable to determining VOC emission rates at tank truck and trailer gasoline loading terminals employing vapor collection systems and either continuous or intermittent vapor control systems. This method is applicable to motor tank truck and trailer loading only as per Rule 335-3-6-.06.

(d)Apparatus. The components essential to the evaluation of emissions from gasoline loading terminals are:

1. portable combustible gas detector equipped to read zero (0) to one hundred percent (100%) of the lower explosive limit,

2. flexible thermocouple with recorder,

3. gas volume meter, sized for the expected exhaust flow rate and range,

4. total hydrocarbon analyzer with recorder (flame ionization detector or nondispersive infrared equipped to read zero (0) to ten percent (10%) by volume hydrocarbon as propane for vapor control systems which recover the vapor liquid, or 0 to 10,000 ppmv hydrocarbon as propane for incineration vapor control system),

5. barometer to measure atmospheric pressure,

6. gas chromatography/flame ionization detector with a column to separate C1 - C7 alkanes (used if methane is present in recovered vapors or if incineration is the vapor control technique).

(e)Test Requirements:

1. No less than three 8-hour repetitions will be performed.

2. During the test period, all loading racks shall be open for each produce line which is controlled by the system under test. Simultaneous use of more than one loading rack shall occur to the extent that such would normally occur.

3. Simultaneous use of more than one dispenser on each loading rack shall occur to the extent that such use would normally occur.

4. Dispensing rates shall be set at the maximum rate at which the equipment is designed to be operated. Automatic product dispensers are to be used according to normal operating practices.

5. Applicable operating parameters of the vapor control system shall be monitored to demonstrate that the control unit is operating at design levels. For intermittent vapor control systems employing a vapor holder, each test repetition shall include at least one fully automatic operation cycle of the vapor holder and control device. Tank trucks and trailers shall be essentially leak free as determined by the Director.

(f)Basic Measurements Required. The basic measurements essential to the evaluation of emissions from gasoline loading terminals are:

1. the amount of gasoline dispensed from gasoline dispensers,

2. leak check of all fittings and vents,

3. the following items for the processing unit exhaust:

(i) temperature,

(ii) pressure,

(iii) volume of vapors,

(iv) hydrocarbon concentration of vapors, if methane is present, in recovered vapors.

(g)Test Procedure.

1. Calibrate and span all instruments as outlined under subparagraph (I) of this paragraph.

2. Install an appropriately sized gas meter on the exhaust vent of the vapor control system. For those vapor control systems where restrictions preclude the use of a volume meter or when incineration is used for vapor control, a gas flow rate meter (orifice, pitot tube, annubar, etc.) is necessary. At the meter inlet, install a thermocouple with recorder. Install a tap at the volume meter outlet. Attach a sample line for total hydrocarbon analyzer (0 to 10 percent) as propane to this tap. If the meter pressure is different than barometric pressure, install a second tap at the meter outlet and attach an appropriate manometer for pressure measurement. If methane analysis is required, install a third tap for connection to a constant volume sample pump/evacuated bag assembly as described in 40 CFR 36.247, Method 3, December 23, 1977.

3. Measurements and data required for evaluating emissions from the system:

(i) at the beginning and end of each test repetition, record the volume readings on each product dispenser on each loading rack served by the system under test;

(ii) at the beginning of each test repetition and each two (2) hours thereafter, record the ambient temperature and the barometric pressure;

(iii) for intermittent vapor control systems employing a vapor holder, the unit shall be manually started and allowed to process vapors in the holder until the lower automatic cut-off is reached. This cycle should be performed immediately prior to the beginning of the test repetition before readings under Subparagraph (g)3.(i) of this paragraph are taken. No loading shall be in progress during this manual cycle;

(iv) for each cycle of the vapor control system during each test repetition, record the start and stop time, the initial and final gas meter readings, and the average vapor temperature, pressure and hydrocarbon concentration. If a flow rate meter is used, record flow meter readouts continuously during the cycle. If required, extract a sample continuously during each cycle for chromatographic analysis for specific hydrocarbons;

(v) for each tank truck or trailer loading during the test period, check all fittings and seals on the tanker compartments with the combustible gas detector. Record the maximum combustible gas reading for any incidents of leakage of hydrocarbon vapors. Explore the entire periphery of the potential leak source with the sample hose inlet 1 cm (0.4 inches) away from the interface;

(vi) during each test period, monitor all possible sources of leaks in the vapor collection and control systems with the combustible gas indicator. Record the location and combustible gas reading for any incidents of leakage;

(vii) for intermittent vapor control systems, the control unit shall be manually started and allowed to process vapors in the holder until the lower automatic shutoff is reached at the end of each test repetition. Record the data required under subparagraph (g)3.(iv) of this paragraph for this manual cycle. No loading shall be in progress during this manual cycle.

(h)Calculations.

1.Terminology:

Ta = Ambient temperature (° C)

Pb = Barometric pressure (mm Hg)

Lt = Total volume of liquid dispensed from all controlled racks during the test period (liters)

Ve = Volume of air-hydrocarbon mixture exhausted from the processing unit (m3)

Ves = Normalized volume of air-hydrocarbon mixture exhausted NM3 @ 20° C, 760 mm Hg

Ce = Volume fraction of hydrocarbons in exhausted mixture (volume % as C3H8/100, corrected for methane content if required)

Te = Temperature at processing unit exhaust (° C)

Pe = Pressure at processing unit exhaust (mm Hg abs)

(M/L)e = Mass of hydrocarbons exhausted from the processing unit per volume of liquid loaded (mg/1).

2. Calculate the following results for each period of the vapor control system operation:

(i) volume of air-hydrocarbon mixture exhausted from the vapor control system:

Ve = Vef - Vei; or

Ve = total volume from flow rate and time records

(ii) normalized volume of exhausted mixture:

See Formula at http://www.alabamaadministrativecode.state.al.us/docs/adem/3ADEM6.htm#T1

(iii) mass of hydrocarbons exhausted from the vapor control system:

See Formula at http://www.alabamaadministrativecode.state.al.us/docs/adem/3ADEM6.htm#T1

3. calculate the average mass of hydrocarbons emitted per volume of gasoline loaded:

See Formula at http://www.alabamaadministrativecode.state.al.us/docs/adem/3ADEM6.htm#T1

(i)Calibrations.

1. Flow meters shall be calibrated using standard methods and procedures which have been approved by the Director.

2. Temperature recording instruments shall be calibrated prior to a test period and following the test period using an ice bath (0° C) and a known reference temperature source of about 35° C. Daily during the test period, use an accurate reference to measure the ambient temperature and compare the ambient temperature reading of all other instruments to this value.

3. Manufacturer's instructions concerning warm-up and adjustments shall be followed for total hydrocarbon analyzers. Prior to and immediately after the emission test, perform a comprehensive laboratory calibration on each analyzer used. Calibration gases should be propane in nitrogen prepared gravimetrically with mass quantities of approximately one hundred percent (100%) propane. A calibration curve shall be provided using a minimum of five (5) prepared standards in the range of concentrations expected during testing;

(i) For each repetition, zero with zero gas (3 ppm C) and span with seventy percent (70%) propane for instruments used in the vapor lines and with ten percent (10%) propane for instruments used at the vapor control system exhaust.

(ii) The zero and span procedure shall be performed at least once prior to the first test measurements, once during the middle of the run, and once following the final test measurement for each run.

(iii) Conditions in calibration gas cylinders must be kept such that condensation of propane does not occur. A safety factor of two (2) for pressure and temperature is recommended.

(3)Determination of Volatile Organic Compound Emission Control System Efficiency.

(a) The provisions of this paragraph are generally applicable to any test method employed to determine the collection or control efficiency of any device or system designed, installed, and operated for the purpose of reducing volatile organic compound emissions.

(b) The following procedures shall be included in any efficiency demonstration:

1. The volatile organic compound containing material shall be sampled and analyzed in a manner approved by the Director such that the quantity of emissions that could result from the use of the material can be quantified.

2. The efficiency of any capture system used to transport the volatile organic compound emissions from their point of origination to the control equipment shall be computed by using accepted engineering practice and in a manner approved by the Director.

3. Samples of the volatile organic compound containing gas stream shall be taken simultaneously at the inlet and outlet of the emissions control device in a manner approved by the Director.

4. The total combustible carbon content of the samples shall be determined by a method approved by the Director.

5. The efficiency of the control device shall be expressed as the fraction of total combustible carbon content reduction achieved.

6. The volatile organic compound mass emission rate shall be the sum of emissions from the control device, emissions not collected by the capture system, and capture system losses.

(4)Determination of Solvent Metal Cleaning Volatile Organic Compound Emissions.

(a) This method is applicable to determining volatile organic compound emissions from solvent metal cleaning equipment.

(b) The purpose of this method is to quantify, by material balance, the amount of solvent input into a degreaser over a sufficiently long period of time so that an average emission rate can be computed.

(c) The following procedure shall be forwarded to perform a material balance test:

1. Clean the degreaser sump before testing.

2. Record the amount of solvent added to the tank with a flow meter.

3. Record the weight and type of work load degreased each day.

4. At the end of the test run, pump out the used solvent and measure the amount with a flow meter. Also, estimate the volume of metal chips and other material remaining in the emptied sump, if significant.

5. Bottle a sample of the used solvent and analyze it to find the percent that is oil and other contaminants. The oil and solvent proportions can be estimated by weighing samples of used solvent before and after boiling off the solvent. Compute the volume of oils in the used solvent. The volume of solvent displaced by this oil along with the volume of make-up solvent added during operations are equal to the solvent emission.

(5)Reserved.

(6)Testing and Monitoring Procedures for Graphic Arts.

(a) The owner or operator of a VOC source shall, at his own expense, demonstrate compliance with this Chapter by the methods in subparagraph (c) of this paragraph or an alternative method approved by the Director. All tests shall be made by, or under the direction of, a person qualified by training and/or experience in the field of air pollution testing.

(b) A person proposing to conduct a VOC emissions test shall notify the Director of the intent to test not less than thirty (30) days before the proposed initiation of the tests so the Director may at his option observe the test. The notification shall contain the information required by, and be in a format approved by, the Director.

(c) Test procedures to determine compliance with Chapter 335-3-6 must be approved by the Director and consistent with:

1. EPA Guideline Series document, "Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds", EPA-450/2-78-041; and

2. Appendix A of "Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources - Volume II: Surface Coating of Cans, Coils, Paper, Fabrics, Automobiles, and Light-Duty Trucks", EPA-450/2-77-008.

(d) The Director may accept, instead of ink solvent analysis, a certification by the ink manufacturer of the composition of the ink solvent, if supported by actual batch formulation records.

(e) If add-on control equipment is used, continuous monitors of the following parameters shall be installed, periodically calibrated, and operated at all times that the associated control equipment is operating:

1. exhaust gas temperatures of all incinerators;

2. temperature rise across a catalytic incinerator bed;

3. breakthrough of VOC on a carbon adsorption unit; and,

4. any other continuous monitoring or recording device required by the Director.

(7)Testing and Monitoring Procedures for Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts.

(a) The owner or operator of a VOC source required to comply with this Chapter shall, at his own expense, demonstrate compliance by the methods of this paragraph, or an alternative method approved by the Director. All tests shall be made by, or under the direction of, a person qualified by training and/or experience in the field of air pollution testing.

(c) Test procedures to determine compliance with Chapter 335-3-6 must be approved by the Director and be consistent with:

1. EPA Guideline Series document, "Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds", EPA-450/2-78-041; and,

(d) The Director may accept, instead of the coating analysis required in subparagraph (c)2. of this paragraph, a certification by the manufacturer of the composition of the coatings, if supported by actual batch formulation records.

1. exhaust gas temperature of all incinerators;

2. temperature rise across a catalytic incinerator bed;

3. breakthrough of VOC on a carbon adsorption unit; and

4. any other continuous monitoring or recording device required by the Director.

(8)Testing and Monitoring Procedures for Petroleum Liquid Storage in Floating Roof Tanks.

(a) The owner or operator of any VOC source required to comply with this Chapter shall, at his own expense, demonstrate compliance by the methods of this paragraph or an alternative method approved by the Director. All tests shall be made by, or under the direction of, a person qualified by training and/or experience in the field of air pollution testing.

(c) Compliance with Chapter 335-3-6 shall be determined by:

1. physically measuring the length and width of all gaps around the entire circumference of the secondary seal in each place where a 0.32 centimeter (1/8 inch) uniform diameter probe passes freely (without forcing or binding against the seal) between the seal and tank wall; and,

2. summing the area of the individual gaps.

(9)Testing and Monitoring Procedures for the Manufacture of Pneumatic Rubber Tires.

(a) The owner or operator of a VOC source required to comply with this Chapter shall, at his own expense, demonstrate compliance by the methods of subparagraphs (c) and (d) of this paragraph, or an alternative method approved by the Director. All tests shall be made by, or under the direction of, a person qualified by training and/or experience in the field of air pollution testing.

(b) A person proposing to conduct a VOC emissions test shall notify the Director of the intent to test not less than thirty (30) days before the proposed initiation of the tests so the Director may, at his option, observe the test. The notification shall contain the information required by, and be in a format approved by, the Director.

(c) Test procedures to determine compliance with Chapter 335-3-6 must be approved by the Director and be consistent with:

1. EPA Guideline Series document, "Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds," EPA-450/2-78-041; and,

(d) The Director may accept, instead of the analyses of spray, cement, or other compounds, a certification by the manufacturer of the composition of the spray, cement, or other compounds, if supported by actual batch formulation records.

1. exhaust gas temperatures of incinerators;

2. temperature rise across a catalytic incinerator bed;

3. breakthrough of VOC on a carbon adsorption unit; and

4. any other continuous monitoring or recording device required by the Director.

(10)Testing and Monitoring Procedures for the Manufacture of Synthesized Pharmaceutical Products.

(a) The owner or operator of any VOC source required to comply with this Chapter shall, at his own expense, demonstrate compliance by the methods of subparagraph (c) of this paragraph or an alternative method approved by the Director. All tests shall be made by, or under the direction of, a person qualified by training and/or experience in the field of air pollution testing.

(b) A person proposing to conduct a VOC emissions test shall notify the Director of the intent to test not less than thirty (30) days before the proposed initiation of the tests so the Director may, at his option, observe the test. The notification shall contain the information required by, and in a format approved by, the Director.

(c) Test procedures to determine compliance with Chapter 335-3-6 must be approved by the Director and consistent with EPA Guideline Series document, "Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds," EPA-450/2-78-041.

(d) If add-on control equipment is used, continuous monitors of the following parameters shall be installed, periodically calibrated, and operated at all times that the associated control equipment is operating:

1. exhaust gas temperature of all incinerators;

2. temperature rise across a catalytic incinerator bed;

3. breakthrough of VOC on a carbon adsorption unit; and,

4. any other continuous monitoring or recording device required by the Director.

(11)Testing and Monitoring Procedures for the Surface Coating of Flatwood Paneling.

(a) The owner or operator of a VOC source required to comply with this Chapter shall, at his own expense, demonstrate compliance by the methods of subparagraphs (c) and (d) of this paragraph or an alternative method approved by the Director. All tests shall be made by, or under the direction of, a person qualified by training and/or experience in the field of air pollution testing.

(b) A person proposing to conduct a VOC emissions test shall notify the Director of the intent to test not less than thirty (30) days before the proposed initiation of the tests so the Director may, at his option, observe the test. The notification shall contain the information required by, and be in a format approved by, the Director.

(c) Test procedures to determine compliance with Chapter 335-3-6 must be approved by the Director and be consistent with:

1. EPA Guideline Series document, "Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds", EPA-450/2-78-041; and,

(d) The Director may accept, instead of the coating analysis required by subparagraph (c)2. of this paragraph above, a certification by the coating manufacturer of the composition of the coating, if supported by actual batch formulation records.

1. exhaust gas temperature of all incinerators;

2. temperature rise across a catalytic incinerator bed;

3. breakthrough of VOC on a carbon adsorption unit; and,

4. any other continuous monitoring or recording device required by the Director.

(12)Testing and Monitoring Procedures for Leaks from Gasoline Tank Trucks and Vapor Collection Systems.

(a) The owner or operator of a VOC source shall, at his own expense, demonstrate compliance with Rule 335-3-6-.20 by the methods of subparagraph (c) of this paragraph or an alternative method approved by the Director. All tests shall be made by, or under the direction of, a person qualified by training and/or experience in the field of air pollution testing.

(b) The owner or operator of a gasoline tank truck subject to Chapter 335-3-6 must notify the Director in writing of the date and location of a certification test at least ten (10) days before the anticipated test date. In order to observe a certification test, the Director may postpone or reschedule the certification test date by written notice to the owner or operator within five (5) days after receipt of certification test notification.

(c) Test methods and procedures shall be consistent with one of the following methods and procedures:

1. Reference Method 27.

2. EPA Guideline Series document, "Control of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks from Gasoline Tank Trucks and Vapor Collection Systems", EPA-450/2-78-051.

(13)Testing and Monitoring Procedures for Petroleum Refinery Equipment.

(a) The owner or operator of a petroleum refinery subject to this Chapter shall, at his own expense, demonstrate compliance by the methods of this paragraph or an alternative method approved by the Director. All tests shall be made by, or under the direction of a person qualified by training and/or experienced in the field of air pollution testing.

(b) Testing and monitoring procedures to determine compliance with this Chapter must be approved by the Director and consistent with Appendix B of the OAQPS Guideline Series document, "Control of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks from Petroleum Refinery Equipment," EPA-450/2-78-036.

Author: Wm. Gerald Hardy

Ala. Admin. Code r. 335-3-6-.16

Effective Date: November 26, 1979, April 19, 1984. Amended: November 1, 1990. Amended: Filed October 17, 1996; effective November 21, 1996. Amended: Filed August 21, 1997; effective September 25, 1997.

Statutory Authority:Code of Ala. 1975, §§ 22-28-14, 22-22A-5, 22-22A-6, 22-22A-8.