Zinc Phosphide; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions

AGENCY:

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION:

Final rule.

SUMMARY:

This regulation establishes time-limited tolerances for residues of phosphine resulting from the use of the rodenticide zinc phosphide in or on barley and wheat grain, hay and straw and wheat aspirated grain fractions. This action is in response to EPA's granting of emergency exemptions under section 18 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act authorizing use of the pesticide on barley and wheat. This regulation establishes maximum permissible levels for residues of phosphine in these food commodities. The tolerances will expire and are revoked on December 31, 2001.

DATES:

This regulation is effective August 16, 2000. Objections and requests for hearings, identified by docket control number OPP-301029, must be received by EPA on or before October 16, 2000.

ADDRESSES:

Written objections and hearing requests may be submitted by mail, in person, or by courier. Please follow the detailed instructions for each method as provided in Unit VII. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, your objections and hearing requests must identify docket control number OPP-301029 in the subject line on the first page of your response.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

By mail: Libby Pemberton, Registration Division (7505C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone number: 703 308-9364; and e-mail address: pemberton.libby@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Does this Action Apply to Me?

You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. Potentially affected categories and entities may include, but are not limited to:

This listing is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by this action. Other types of entities not listed in the table could also be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in determining whether or not this action might apply to certain entities. If you have questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.

B. How Can I Get Additional Information, Including Copies of this Document and Other Related Documents?

1. Electronically. You may obtain electronic copies of this document, and certain other related documents that might be available electronically, from the EPA Internet Home Page at http://www.epa.gov/. To access this document, on the Home Page select “Laws and Regulations,” “Regulations and Proposed Rules,” and then look up the entry for this document under the “Federal Register—Environmental Documents.” You can also go directly to the Federal Register listings at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/.

2. In person. The Agency has established an official record for this action under docket control number OPP-301029. The official record consists of the documents specifically referenced in this action, and other information related to this action, including any information claimed as Confidential Business Information (CBI). This official record includes the documents that are physically located in the docket, as well as the documents that are referenced in those documents. The public version of the official record does not include any information claimed as CBI. The public version of the official record, which includes printed, paper versions of any electronic comments submitted during an applicable comment period is available for inspection in the Public Information and Records Integrity Branch (PIRIB), Rm. 119, Crystal Mall #2, 1921 Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA, from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The PIRIB telephone number is (703) 305-5805.

II. Background and Statutory Findings

EPA, on its own initiative, in accordance with sections 408(l)(6) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), 21 U.S.C. 346a, is establishing tolerances for residues of phosphine resulting from the use of the rodenticide zinc phosphide in or on barley and wheat grain, wheat hay and aspirated grain fractions at 0.010 parts per million (ppm), barley hay at 0.20 ppm, and barley straw at 0.020 ppm. These tolerances will expire and are revoked on December 31, 2001. EPA will publish a document in the Federal Register to remove the revoked tolerances from the Code of Federal Regulations.

Section 408(l)(6) of the FFDCA requires EPA to establish a time-limited tolerance or exemption from the requirement for a tolerance for pesticide chemical residues in food that will result from the use of a pesticide under an emergency exemption granted by EPA under section 18 of FIFRA. Such tolerances can be established without providing notice or period for public comment. EPA does not intend for its actions on section 18-related tolerances to set binding precedents for the application of section 408 and the new safety standard to other tolerances and exemptions.

Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of the FFDCA allows EPA to establish a tolerance (the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a food) only if EPA determines that the tolerance is “safe.” Section 408(b)(2)(A)(ii) defines “safe” to mean that “there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary exposures and all other exposures for which there is reliable information.” This includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C) requires EPA to give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to “ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue. . . .”

Section 18 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) authorizes EPA to exempt any Federal or State agency from any provision of FIFRA, if EPA determines that “emergency conditions exist which require such exemption.” This provision was not amended by the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA). EPA has established regulations governing such emergency exemptions in 40 CFR part 166.

III. Emergency Exemptions for Zinc Phosphide on Barley and Wheat and FFDCA Tolerances

EPA has authorized under FIFRA section 18 the use of zinc phosphide on barley and wheat for control of meadow voles and field mice in Idaho. After having reviewed the submission, EPA concurs that emergency conditions exist for this State.

As part of its assessment of this emergency exemption, EPA assessed the potential risks presented by residues of zinc phosphide in or on barley and wheat grain, hay and straw and wheat aspirated grain fractions. In doing so, EPA considered the safety standard in FFDCA section 408(b)(2), and EPA decided that the necessary tolerance under FFDCA section 408(l)(6) would be consistent with the safety standard and with FIFRA section 18. Consistent with the need to move quickly on the emergency exemption in order to address an urgent non-routine situation and to ensure that the resulting food is safe and lawful, EPA is issuing this tolerance without notice and opportunity for public comment as provided in section 408(l)(6). Although this tolerance will expire and is revoked on December 31, 2001, under FFDCA section 408(l)(5), residues of the pesticide not in excess of the amounts specified in the tolerance remaining in or on barley and wheat grain, hay and straw and wheat aspirated grain fractions after that date will not be unlawful, provided the pesticide is applied in a manner that was lawful under FIFRA, and the residues do not exceed a level that was authorized by this tolerance at the time of that application. EPA will take action to revoke this tolerance earlier if any experience with, scientific data on, or other relevant information on this pesticide indicate that the residues are not safe.

Because this tolerance is being approved under emergency conditions, EPA has not made any decisions about whether zinc phosphide meets EPA's registration requirements for use on barley and wheat or whether permanent tolerances for this use would be appropriate. Under these circumstances, EPA does not believe that these tolerances serve as a basis for registration of zinc phosphide by a State for special local needs under FIFRA section 24(c). Nor do these tolerances serve as the basis for any State other than Idaho to use this pesticide on this crop under section 18 of FIFRA without following all provisions of EPA's regulations implementing section 18 as identified in 40 CFR part 166. For additional information regarding the emergency exemption for zinc phosphide, contact the Agency's Registration Division at the address provided under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.

IV. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety

EPA performs a number of analyses to determine the risks from aggregate exposure to pesticide residues. For further discussion of the regulatory requirements of section 408 and a complete description of the risk assessment process, see the final rule on Bifenthrin Pesticide Tolerances (62 FR 62961, November 26, 1997) (FRL-5754-7) .

Consistent with section 408(b)(2)(D), EPA has reviewed the available scientific data and other relevant information in support of this action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of zinc phosphide and to make a determination on aggregate exposure, consistent with section 408(b)(2), for time-limited tolerances for residues of phosphine resulting from the use of the rodenticide zinc phosphide in or on barley and wheat grain, wheat hay and aspirated grain fractions at 0.010 ppm, barley hay at 0.20 ppm, and barley straw at 0.020 part per million (ppm). EPA's assessment of the dietary exposures and risks associated with establishing the tolerances follow.

A. Toxicological Profile

EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and children. The nature of the toxic effects caused by zinc phosphide are discussed in this unit.

B. Toxicological Endpoint

1. Acute toxicity. No toxicology studies were identified by EPA which demonstrated the need for an acute dietary risk assessment.

2. Short- and intermediate-term toxicity. Based on the acute dermal LD₅₀ study in rabbits, no appropriate toxic effects were identified for risk assessment. In that study no mortalities were observed at 5,000 milligrams/kilograms (mg/kg). At the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 2,000 mg/kg, there was a decrease in body weight. Based on the physical properties of the chemical, dermal absorption is expected to be very low, since zinc phosphide reacts with water and stomach acid to produce the toxic gas phosphine from oral, but not dermal, exposure. As no endpoint of toxicological concern for dermal exposure has been identified, no dermal penetration data were required. The requirement for an acute inhalation study has been waived, thus, zinc phosphide has been placed in Toxicity Category I for acute inhalation exposure.

3. Chronic toxicity. EPA has established the Reference Dose (RfD) for zinc phosphide at 0.0001 mg/kg/day. This RfD is based on a subchronic oral study in rats with a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 0.1 mg/kg/day and an uncertainty factor of 1,000 based on increased mortality, increase in absolute and relative liver weight and hematological changes at the LOAEL of 1 mg/kg/day. An uncertainty factor of 100 was applied to account for both the interspecies extrapolation and intraspecies variability. An additional UF of 10 was applied to account for the lack of reproductive data, and the lack of chronic toxicity data in a non-rodent species.

4. Carcinogenicity. Zinc phosphide has not been classified as to its carcinogenic potential since cancer studies have been waived. Although this chemical has food uses, dietary exposure is expected to be minimal.

C. Exposures and Risks

1. From food and feed uses. Tolerances have been established (40 CFR 180.284) for the residues of phosphine resulting from the use of zinc phosphide, in or on a variety of raw agricultural commodities at levels ranging from 0.01 ppm in or on grapes to 0.1 ppm in or on grasses (rangeland). There is no reasonable expectation of secondary residues in meat, milk, poultry or eggs. Any residues of zinc phosphide ingested by livestock would be metabolized to naturally occurring phosphorous compounds. Risk assessments were conducted by EPA to assess dietary exposures and risks from zinc phosphide as follows:

Acute and chronic exposure and risk. Acute dietary risk assessments are performed for a food-use pesticide if a toxicological study has indicated the possibility of an effect of concern occurring as a result of a 1-day or single exposure. In our best scientific judgment, the proposed use of zinc phosphide on wheat and barley will not result in acute or chronic human dietary exposure to zinc phosphide due to the following:

Zinc phosphide is not systemic.

Applications are made prior to the grain head formation.

Residue data show that residues of phosphine are less than the limit of quantification (<0.010 ppm) in wheat and barley grain.

The grain will be highly processed prior to human consumption.

There is no expectation of secondary residues in meat, milk, poultry, and eggs as a result of the registered and proposed uses.

2. From drinking water. Zinc phosphide degrades rapidly to phosphine (PH₃) and zinc ions (Zn²⁺), both of which adsorb strongly to soil and are common nutrients in soil. Zinc phosphide and its degradation products appear to have low potential for ground and surface water contamination. Therefore, dietary exposure is not expected from either ground or surface water fed drinking water.

3. From non-dietary exposure. Zinc phosphide is currently registered for use on residential non-food sites. A detailed residential exposure assessment is contained in the RED for zinc phosphide (RED Zinc Phosphide, EPA 738-R-98-006, July 1998). The residential exposure assessment evaluated exposure from accidental ingestion of zinc phosphide. No other residential exposure assessment was required. It is stated in the RED that the Agency believes that “accidental ingestion” of zinc phosphide baits should not be included in the FQPA determination for tolerance setting.

4. Cumulative exposure to substances with a common mechanism of toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) requires that, when considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the Agency consider “available information” concerning the cumulative effects of a particular pesticide's residues and “other substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity.” Zinc phosphide, aluminum phosphide and magnesium phosphide all generate phosphine gas.

EPA does not have, at this time, available data to determine whether zinc phosphide has a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances or how to include this pesticide in a cumulative risk assessment. Unlike other pesticides for which EPA has followed a cumulative risk approach based on a common mechanism of toxicity, zinc phosphide does not appear to produce a toxic metabolite produced by other substances. For the purposes of this tolerance action, therefore, EPA has not assumed that zinc phosphide has a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances. For more information regarding EPA's efforts to determine which chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the cumulative effects of such chemicals, see the final rule for Bifenthrin Pesticide Tolerances (62 FR 62961, November 26, 1997).

D. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety for U.S. Population

1. Acute and chronic risk. There is no drinking water, residential, nor dietary component to acute and chronic aggregate exposure to zinc phosphide residues. Thus, acute and chronic aggregate exposure assessments are not required.

2. Short- and intermediate-term risk. Short- and intermediate-term aggregate exposure takes into account chronic dietary food and water (considered to be a background exposure level) plus indoor and outdoor residential exposure. No short- or intermediate-term dermal, oral or inhalation toxicological endpoints were identified for zinc phosphide. Thus, no short- or intermediate-term risk assessments are required.

3. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population. Although zinc phosphide is registered for use on food crops, no chronic toxicity or carcinogenicity studies were required because chronic exposure to zinc phosphide or its byproducts were considered to be negligible. Thus, data are not available to classify zinc phosphide in terms of carcinogenicity and a cancer risk assessment was not performed.

4. Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to zinc phosphide residues.

E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety for Infants and Children

1. Acute and chronic risk. There is no drinking water, residential, nor dietary component to acute and chronic aggregate exposure to zinc phosphide residues. Thus, acute and chronic aggregate exposure assessments are not required.

2. Short- or intermediate-term risk. Short- and intermediate-term aggregate exposure takes into account chronic dietary food and water (considered to be a background exposure level) plus indoor and outdoor residential exposure. No short- or intermediate-term dermal, oral or inhalation toxicological endpoints were identified for zinc phosphide. Thus, no short- or intermediate-term risk assessments are required.

3. Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to zinc phosphide residues.

V. Other Considerations

A. Metabolism in Plants and Animals

The nature of the residue in plants is adequately understood. The residue of concern is zinc phosphide measured as phosphine.

There is no expectation of secondary residues in meat, milk, poultry, and eggs as a result of the registered uses. Residues of zinc phosphide ingested by livestock would be immediately converted to phosphine and metabolized to naturally occurring phosphorous compounds.

B. Analytical Enforcement Methodology

Adequate enforcement methodology (colorimetric and GLC/FPD) is available (Pesticide Analytical Method II under aluminum phosphide) to enforce the tolerance expression.

C. Magnitude of Residues

Residues of phosphine resulting from the use of zinc phosphide are not expected to exceed 0.010 ppm in/on barley grain and wheat grain, 0.20 ppm in barley hay, 0.020 ppm in barley straw, 0.010 ppm in wheat hay, 0.010 ppm in wheat straw, 0.010 ppm in aspirated grain fractions under the use conditions of this section 18 exemption.

D. International Residue Limits

No CODEX, Canadian or Mexican Maximum Residue Levels have been established for zinc phosphide.

E. Rotational Crop Restrictions

Data for confined accumulation in rotational crops has been waived because the physical properties of zinc phosphide precludes transfer of residues to rotated crops (Zinc Phosphide RED, EPA 738-R-98-006, July 1998). Thus, rotational crop restrictions are not required.

VI. Conclusion

Therefore, tolerances are established for residues of phosphine resulting from the use of the rodenticide zinc phosphide in or on barley and wheat grain, wheat hay and aspirated grain fractions at 0.010 ppm, barley hay at 0.20 ppm, and barley straw at 0.020 ppm.

VII. Objections and Hearing Requests

Under section 408(g) of the FFDCA, as amended by the FQPA, any person may file an objection to any aspect of this regulation and may also request a hearing on those objections. The EPA procedural regulations which govern the submission of objections and requests for hearings appear in 40 CFR part 178. Although the procedures in those regulations require some modification to reflect the amendments made to the FFDCA by the FQPA of 1996, EPA will continue to use those procedures, with appropriate adjustments, until the necessary modifications can be made. The new section 408(g) provides essentially the same process for persons to “object” to a regulation for an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance issued by EPA under new section 408(d), as was provided in the old FFDCA sections 408 and 409. However, the period for filing objections is now 60 days, rather than 30 days.

A. What Do I Need To Do to File an Objection or Request a Hearing?

You must file your objection or request a hearing on this regulation in accordance with the instructions provided in this unit and in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, you must identify docket control number OPP-301029 in the subject line on the first page of your submission. All requests must be in writing, and must be mailed or delivered to the Hearing Clerk on or before October 16, 2000.

1. Filing the request. Your objection must specify the specific provisions in the regulation that you object to, and the grounds for the objections (40 CFR 178.25). If a hearing is requested, the objections must include a statement of the factual issues(s) on which a hearing is requested, the requestor's contentions on such issues, and a summary of any evidence relied upon by the objector (40 CFR 178.27). Information submitted in connection with an objection or hearing request may be claimed confidential by marking any part or all of that information as CBI. Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. A copy of the information that does not contain CBI must be submitted for inclusion in the public record. Information not marked confidential may be disclosed publicly by EPA without prior notice.

Mail your written request to: Office of the Hearing Clerk (1900), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. You may also deliver your request to the Office of the Hearing Clerk in Rm. C400, Waterside Mall, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460. The Office of the Hearing Clerk is open from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Office of the Hearing Clerk is (202) 260-4865.

2. Tolerance fee payment. If you file an objection or request a hearing, you must also pay the fee prescribed by 40 CFR 180.33(i) or request a waiver of that fee pursuant to 40 CFR 180.33(m). You must mail the fee to: EPA Headquarters Accounting Operations Branch, Office of Pesticide Programs, P.O. Box 360277M, Pittsburgh, PA 15251. Please identify the fee submission by labeling it “Tolerance Petition Fees.”

EPA is authorized to waive any fee requirement “when in the judgement of the Administrator such a waiver or refund is equitable and not contrary to the purpose of this subsection.” For additional information regarding the waiver of these fees, you may contact James Tompkins by phone at (703) 305-5697, by e-mail at tompkins.jim@epa.gov, or by mailing a request for information to Mr. Tompkins at Registration Division (7505C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.

If you would like to request a waiver of the tolerance objection fees, you must mail your request for such a waiver to: James Hollins, Information Resources and Services Division (7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460.

3. Copies for the Docket. In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the Hearing Clerk as described in Unit VII.A., you should also send a copy of your request to the PIRIB for its inclusion in the official record that is described in Unit I.B.2. Mail your copies, identified by the docket control number OPP-301029, to: Public Information and Records Integrity Branch, Information Resources and Services Division (7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. In person or by courier, bring a copy to the location of the PIRIB described in Unit I.B.2. You may also send an electronic copy of your request via e-mail to: opp-docket@epa.gov. Please use an ASCII file format and avoid the use of special characters and any form of encryption. Copies of electronic objections and hearing requests will also be accepted on disks in WordPerfect 6.1/8.0 file format or ASCII file format. Do not include any CBI in your electronic copy. You may also submit an electronic copy of your request at many Federal Depository Libraries.

B. When Will the Agency Grant a Request for a Hearing?

A request for a hearing will be granted if the Administrator determines that the material submitted shows the following: There is a genuine and substantial issue of fact; there is a reasonable possibility that available evidence identified by the requestor would, if established, resolve one or more of such issues in favor of the requestor, taking into account uncontested claims or facts to the contrary; and resolution of the factual issues(s) in the manner sought by the requestor would be adequate to justify the action requested (40 CFR 178.32).

VIII. Regulatory Assessment Requirements

This final rule establishes time-limited tolerances under FFDCA section 408. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from review under Executive Order 12866, entitled Regulatory Planning and Review (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). This final rule does not contain any information collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., or impose any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded mandate as described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) (Public Law 104-4). Nor does it require any prior consultation as specified by Executive Order 13084, entitled Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments (63 FR 27655, May 19, 1998); special considerations as required by Executive Order 12898, entitled Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994); or require OMB review or any Agency action under Executive Order 13045, entitled Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997). This action does not involve any technical standards that would require Agency consideration of voluntary consensus standards pursuant to section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note). Since tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis of a FIFRA section 18 petition under FFDCA section 408, such as the tolerances in this final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed rule, the requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) do not apply. In addition, the Agency has determined that this action will not have a substantial direct effect on States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132, entitled Federalism (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999). Executive Order 13132 requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure “meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.” “Policies that have federalism implications” is defined in the Executive Order to include regulations that have “substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.” This final rule directly regulates growers, food processors, food handlers and food retailers, not States. This action does not alter the relationships or distribution of power and responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions of FFDCA section 408(n)(4).

IX. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General

The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of this final rule in the Federal Register. This final rule is not a “major rule” as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180

• Environmental protection
• Administrative practice and procedure
• Agricultural commodities
• Pesticides and pests
• Reporting and recordkeeping requirements

Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:

PART 180—[AMENDED]

1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346(a) and 371. 2. Section 180.284 is amended by alphabetically adding the following commodities to the table in paragraph (b) to read as follows: