Washington Bryan, M.D.; Decision and Order

On June 16, 2021, a former Assistant Administrator, Diversion Control Division, Drug Enforcement Administration (hereinafter, DEA or Government), issued an Order to Show Cause to Washington Bryan, M.D., (hereinafter, Applicant), of Los Angeles, California. Order to Show Cause (hereinafter, OSC), at 1. The OSC proposed the denial of Applicant's application No. W19097421C for a DEA Certificate of Registration, because the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General (hereinafter, HHS/OIG) mandatorily excluded Applicant from participation in Medicare, Medicaid, and all Federal health care programs for a minimum period of 10 years pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7(a); and such exclusion “warrants denial of [Applicant's] application for DEA registration pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(5).” Id. at 2. The OSC also alleged that Applicant had “been convicted of a felony relating to controlled substances.” Id. (citing 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(2)).

The OSC alleged that on November 17, 2016, Applicant was “convicted of twenty-nine felony counts of currency transaction structuring, resulting in a thirty-three month federal incarceration. The funds involved in the illegal structuring transactions were related to [Applicant's] writing of controlled substance prescriptions.” OSC, at 1. The OSC alleged that as a result of this conviction, Applicant surrendered his then-active DEA registration. Id. at 2. It proposed denial of Applicant's application based on 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(2). Id. The OSC further alleged that, based on such conviction, HHS/OIG “mandatorily excluded [Applicant] from participation in Medicare, Medicaid, and all Federal health care programs” for a minimum period of 10 years pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7(a), effective January 18, 2018. Id. The OSC additionally proposed denial of Applicant's application based on 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(5).

The Show Cause Order notified Applicant of the right to request a hearing on the allegations or to submit a written statement, while waiving the right to a hearing, the procedures for electing each option, and the consequences for failing to elect either option. Id. at 2 (citing 21 CFR 1301.43). The OSC also notified Applicant of the opportunity to submit a corrective action plan. OSC, at 3 (citing 21 U.S.C. 824(c)(2)(C)).

Adequacy of Service

In a Declaration dated October 8, 2021, a Diversion Investigator (hereinafter, DI) assigned to the Orange County District office, Los Angeles Field Division, stated that on July 12, 2021, she sent the OSC to Applicant's proposed registered address via United States Postal Service (USPS) registered mail, but on July 15, 2021, the website indicated that there was “No Access To Delivery Location,” and that service would be attempted the next day, July 16, 2021. Request for Final Agency Action dated October 12, 2021 (hereinafter, RFAA), Exhibit (hereinafter, RFAAX) 1 (DI's Declaration). The DI stated that there was “no further tracking information on the USPS website,” and that she contacted USPS, who attempted delivery again, but it was unclear what occurred thereafter. Id. at 2. Therefore, on September 8, 2021, DI herself travelled to the proposed registered address and personally handed the OSC to Applicant. Id. at 3.

The Government forwarded its RFAA, along with the evidentiary record, to this office on October 13, 2021. In its RFAA, the Government represents that “Applicant did not request a hearing.” RFAA, at 1. The Government requests that Applicant's Certificate of Registration as a practitioner be denied “due to his federal felony conviction related to controlled substances” and “due to his mandatory exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid, and all Federal health care programs by HHS/OIG due to his felony controlled substance conviction.” Id. at 3.

Based on the DI's Declaration, the Government's written representations, and my review of the record, I find that the Government accomplished service of the OSC on Applicant on or before September 8, 2021. I also find that more than thirty days have now passed since the Government accomplished service of the OSC. Further, based on the Government's written representations, I find that neither Applicant, nor anyone purporting to represent the Applicant, requested a hearing, submitted a written statement while waiving Applicant's right to a hearing, or submitted a corrective action plan. Accordingly, I find that Applicant has waived the right to a hearing and the right to submit a written statement and corrective action plan. 21 CFR 1301.43(d) and 21 U.S.C. 824(c)(2)(C). I, therefore, issue this Decision and Order based on the record submitted by the Government, which constitutes the entire record before me. 21 CFR 1301.43(e).

Findings of Fact

Applicant's DEA Registration

On August 22, 2019, Applicant submitted an application for a DEA Certificate of Registration as a practitioner in Schedules II through V with a proposed registered address at 201 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90024. RFAAX 2 (Application). Applicant's application was assigned Control No. W19097421C. RFAAX 1, at 1.

On November 21, 2017, Applicant surrendered his previous DEA registration No. 684743414, “because [his] California Medical License Physician and Surgeon's Certificate No. A61799, [was] suspended by the Medical Board of California by operation of law effective April 5, 2017.” RFAAX 5 (email from Applicant surrendering his prior DEA registration).

Applicant's Exclusion

The evidence in the record demonstrates that on March 6, 2017, the United States District Court for the Central District of California issued a “Judgment and Probation/Commitment Order” in U.S. v. Washington Bryan, II, Docket No. Cr-16-00320-RGK (hereinafter, Judgment). RFAAX 4. According to the Judgment, Applicant was found guilty of “Structuring of Currency Transactions in violation of Title 31 U.S.C. 5324(a)(3), as charged in Counts 1 through 29 of the Indictment.” Id. at 1.

In a decision from an HHS Administrative Law Judge (HHS ALJ), dated September 18, 2018, HHS excluded Applicant from Medicare, Medicaid, and all federal health care programs under 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7(a) for a minimum period 10 years based on Applicant's felony conviction in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. RFAAX 6 (hereinafter, HHS Exclusion), at 1. The HHS ALJ found that Applicant's conviction of “29 felony counts of structuring cash deposits” was “related to the unlawful manufacture, distribution, prescription, or dispensing of a controlled substance,” as defined in Section 1128(a)(4) of the Social Security Act, such that Applicant was mandatorily excluded under 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7(a). Id. at 5-6. The HHS Exclusion stated that the exclusion would become effective on January 18, 2018. Id. at 8.

Accordingly, I find that HHS excluded Applicant from Medicare, Medicaid, and all federal health care programs under 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7(a) for a minimum of 10 years effective January 18, 2018.

Discussion

In its OSC, the Government relied upon grounds Congress provided to support revocation/suspension, not denial of an application. Prior Agency decisions have addressed whether it is appropriate to consider a provision of 21 U.S.C. 824(a) when determining whether or not to grant a practitioner registration application. For over forty-five years, Agency decisions have concluded that it is. Robert Wayne Locklear, M.D., 86 FR 33,738 33,744-45 (2021) (collecting cases); see also, William Ralph Kincaid, M.D., 86 FR 40,636, 40,641 (2021). A provision of section 824 may be the basis for the denial of a practitioner registration application and allegations related to section 823 remain relevant to the adjudication of a practitioner registration application when a provision of section 824 is involved. See Robert Wayne Locklear, M.D., 86 FR at 33,744-45.

Accordingly, when considering an application for a registration, I will consider any actionable allegations related to the grounds for denial of an application under 823 and will also consider any allegations that the applicant meets one of the five grounds for revocation or suspension of a registration under section 824. Id. See also Dinorah Drug Store, Inc., 61 FR 15,972, 15,973-74 (1996).

1. 21 U.S.C. 823(f): The Five Public Interest Factors

Pursuant to section 303(f) of the Controlled Substances Act (hereinafter, the CSA), “[t]he Attorney General shall register practitioners . . . to dispense . . . controlled substances . . . if the applicant is authorized to dispense . . . controlled substances under the laws of the State in which he practices.” 21 U.S.C. 823(f). Section 303(f) further provides that an application for a practitioner's registration may be denied upon a determination that “the issuance of such registration . . . would be inconsistent with the public interest.” Id.

In this case, there is no indication that Applicant does not hold a valid state medical license or is not authorized to dispense controlled substances in the State of California where he practices.

Because the Government has not alleged that Applicant's registration is inconsistent with the public interest under section 823, and although I have considered 823, I will not analyze Applicant's application under the public interest factors. Therefore, in accordance with prior agency decisions, I will move to assess whether the Government has proven by substantial evidence that a ground for revocation exists under 21 U.S.C. 824(a). Supra II.C.

2. 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(5): Mandatory Exclusion From Federal Health Care Programs Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7(a)

Under Section 824(a) of the CSA, a registration “may be suspended or revoked” upon a finding of one or more of five grounds. 21 U.S.C. 824. The ground in 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(5) requires that the registrant “has been excluded (or directed to be excluded) from participation in a program pursuant to section 1320a-7(a) of Title 42.” Id. Here, the undisputed record evidence demonstrates that HHS mandatorily excluded Applicant from federal health care programs. RFAAX 6. Accordingly, I will sustain the Government's allegation that Applicant has been excluded from participation in a program pursuant to section 1320a-7(a) of Title 42 and find that the Government has established that a ground exists upon which a registration could be revoked pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(5). Although the language of 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(5) discusses suspension and revocation of a registration, for the reasons discussed above, it may also serve as the basis for the denial of a DEA registration application. Dinorah Drug Store, Inc., 61 FR at 15,973 (interpreting 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(5) to serve as a basis for the denial of a registration because it “makes little sense . . . to grant the application for registration, only to possibly turn around and propose to revoke or suspend that registration based on the registrant's exclusion from a Medicare program”). Applicant's exclusion from participation in a program under 42 U.S.C. 1320a-7(a), therefore, serves as an independent basis for denying his application for DEA registration. 21 U.S.C. 824(a)(5).

Where, in Section 824(a)(5) cases, the applicant offers no mitigating evidence upon which the Administrator can analyze the facts, the agency has consistently held that revocation is warranted. See, e.g., Sassan Bassiri, D.D.S., 82 FR 32,200, 32,201 (2017); Richard Hauser, M.D., 83 FR 26,308, 26,310 (2018) (revocation was sought under Section 824(a)(5) and the registrant's certificate of registration was revoked “based on the unchallenged basis for his mandatory exclusion.”) When the basis for revocation or suspension is clear and the registrant has had notice and the opportunity to present evidence, whether in a hearing or a written statement in accordance with 21 CFR 1301.43, but has chosen not to present any such evidence that could inform the Administrator's decision, it is reasonable that the Administrator should revoke or suspend. See KK Pharmacy, 64 FR 49,507, 49,510 (1999); Orlando Ortega-Ortiz, M.D. 70 FR 15,122 (2005); Lazaro Guerra, 68 FR 15,266 (2003) (basis for revocation was both (a)(3) and (a)(5)).

In this case, the HHS ALJ found that the evidence in front of him demonstrated that Applicant “was convicted of structuring cash deposits and both the district court and the court of appeals accepted evidence that those cash deposits were derived from unlawful distribution or prescription of controlled substances.” RFAAX 6, at 5. The HHS ALJ also applied aggravating factors to extend his exclusion period, because Applicant's illegal activity spanned over a year and Applicant was sentenced to 33 months of incarceration. RFAAX 6, at 7.

Sanction

Here, there is no dispute in the record that Applicant is mandatorily excluded pursuant to Section 1320a-7(a) of Title 42 and, therefore, that a ground for the denial of Applicant's application exists.

Where, as here, the Government has met its prima facie burden of showing that a ground for denial exists, the burden shifts to the Applicant to show why he can be entrusted with a registration. Garrett Howard Smith, M.D., 83 FR 18,882, 18,910 (2018) (collecting cases).

In this case, Applicant failed to respond to the Government's Order to Show Cause and did not avail himself of the opportunity to refute the Government's case. See RFAA, at 6. Therefore, Applicant has not provided any remorse or assurances that he would implement remedial measures to ensure such conduct is not repeated. Such silence weighs against the Applicant's continued registration. Zvi H. Perper, M.D., 77 FR at 64,142, citing Medicine Shoppe, 73 FR at 387; see also Samuel S. Jackson, 72 FR at 23,853. Further, due to the lack of a statement or testimony from Applicant, it is unclear whether Applicant can be entrusted with a DEA registration; and therefore, I find that sanction is appropriate to protect the public from a recurrence of Applicant's unlawful actions in the context of his CSA registration. See Leo R. Miller, M.D., 53 FR 21,931, 21,932 (1988).

Consequently, I find that the factors weigh in favor of sanction and I shall order the sanctions the Government requested, as contained in the Order below.

Order

Pursuant to 28 CFR 0.100(b) and the authority vested in me by 21 U.S.C. 823(f), I hereby deny the pending application for a Certificate of Registration, Control Number W19097421C, submitted by Washington Bryan, M.D., as well as any other pending application of Washington Bryan, M.D. for additional registration in California. This Order is effective January 19, 2022.