AGENCY:
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION:
Final rule.
SUMMARY:
This action reestablishes new source performance standards (NSPS) for new small municipal waste combustion (MWC) units. The NSPS for small MWC units contain stringent emission limits for organics (dioxins/furans), metals (cadmium, lead, mercury, and particulate matter), and acid gases (hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides). Some of those pollutants can cause toxic effects such as eye, nose, throat, and skin irritation, and blood cell, heart, liver, and kidney damage. The NSPS for small MWC units were originally promulgated in December 1995, but were vacated by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in March 1997. In response to the 1997 vacature, on August 30, 1999, EPA proposed to reestablish NSPS for small MWC units. The NSPS contained in this final rule are equivalent to the 1995 NSPS for small MWC units.
DATES:
Effective date. June 6, 2001.
The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in this rule are approved by the Director of the Office of Federal Register as of June 6, 2001.
Applicability Date. The NSPS apply to small MWC units that commenced construction after August 30, 1999 and small MWC units that commenced reconstruction or modification after June 6, 2001.
ADDRESSES:
Docket No. A-98-18 and associated Docket Nos. A-90-45 and A-89-08 contain supporting information for the NSPS. The dockets are available for public inspection and copying between 8:00 a.m. and 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, at EPA's Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center (Mail Code-6102), 401 M Street SW, Washington, DC 20460, or by calling (202) 260-7548. The dockets are located at the above address in Room M-1500, Waterside Mall (ground floor). A reasonable fee may be charged for copying.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. Rick Copland at (919) 541-5265, Combustion Group, Emission Standards Division (MD-13), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, e-mail: copland.rick@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Public Comments. The NSPS and companion emission guidelines for small MWC units were proposed on August 30, 1999 (64 FR 47276), and 48 comment letters were received on the proposals. Verbal comments were also received at the October 5, 1999 public hearing. The comment letters and a transcript of the public hearing are available in Docket No. A-98-18. A summary of and responses to the public comments are contained in “Small Municipal Waste Combustors: Background Information Document for New Source Performance Standards and Emission Guidelines-Public Comments and Responses (EPA-453/R-00-001).” In response to the public comments, EPA adjusted the final NSPS where appropriate. A copy of the background information document is located in Docket No. A-98-18.
World Wide Web
Electronic versions of this action, the regulatory text, and other background information, including the response to comments document, are available at the Technology Transfer Network Web site (TTN Web) that EPA has established for the NSPS for small MWC units: “http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/129/mwc/rimwc2.html.” For assistance in downloading files, call the EPA's TTN Web Help Line at (919) 541-5384.
Regulated Entities
The NSPS will affect the following categories of sources:
| Category | NAICS codes | SIC codes | Examples of regulated entities |
|---|---|---|---|
| Industry, Federal government, and State/local/tribal governments | 562213 92411 | 4953 9511 | Solid waste combustors or incinerators at waste-to-energy facilities that generate electricity or steam from the combustion of garbage (typically municipal waste); and solid waste combustors or incinerators at facilities that combust garbage (typically municipal waste) and do not recover energy from the waste. |
The above list is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide regarding the entities EPA expects to regulate with the NSPS for small MWC units. Not all facilities classified under the NAICS and SIC codes are affected. Other types of entities not listed could also be affected. To determine whether your facility is regulated by the NSPS, carefully examine the applicability criteria in §§ 60.1010 through 60.1045 of the NSPS.
Judicial Review
Today's action of adopting a final rule for small MWC units constitutes final administrative action on the proposed NSPS for small MWC units. Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act (CAA), judicial review of the final rule is available only by filing a petition for review in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by February 5, 2001. Under section 307(d)(7)(B) of the CAA, only an objection to this final rule that was raised with reasonable specificity during the period for public comment can be raised during judicial review. Moreover, under section 307(b)(2) of the CAA, the requirements established by today's final action may not be challenged separately in any civil or criminal proceeding brought by EPA to enforce the requirements.
Organization of This Document
The following outline is provided to aid in locating information in this preamble.
I. Background Information
II. Summary of the NSPS
A. Sources Regulated by the NSPS
B. Pollutants Regulated by the NSPS
C. Format of the Emission Limits
D. Summary of the NSPS
III. Changes to the NSPS
IV. Impacts of the NSPS
A. Air Impacts
B. Cost and Economic Impacts
V. Companion Rule for Existing Small MWC Units
VI. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
B. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
C. Executive Order 13084: Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments
D. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
F. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.
G. Paperwork Reduction Act
H. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
I. Congressional Review Act
Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in This Document
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
EIA Economic Impact Analysis
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
FR Federal Register
ICR Information Collection Request kg/year Kilograms per year
Mg/year Megagrams per year
MACT Maximum achievable control technology
MSW Municipal solid waste
MWC Municipal waste combustion
NAICS North American Industrial Classification System
NSPS New source performance standards
NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
OAQPS Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
OMB Office of Management and Budget
OP Office of Policy
Pub. L. Public Law
RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act
SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
SD/FF/CI Spray dryer/fabric filter/carbon injection
SIC Standard Industrial Classification
TTN Technology Transfer Network
UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
U.S. United States
U.S.C. United States Code
I. Background Information
On December 19, 1995, EPA promulgated NSPS for large and small MWC units under 40 CFR part 60, subpart Eb. The NSPS covered new MWC units located at plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity greater than 35 megagrams per day of municipal solid waste (MSW) (approximately 39 tons per day of MSW). The 1995 NSPS divided the MWC unit population into MWC units located at large MWC plants and MWC units located at small MWC plants. Plant size was based on the total aggregate capacity of all individual MWC units at the MWC plant.
Litigation followed the promulgation of the 1995 NSPS. In 1997, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit ruled that EPA must develop regulations for small MWC units (units with an individual MWC capacity of 250 tons per day or less) separately from regulations for large MWC units (units with an individual MWC unit capacity greater than 250 tons per day), indicating that the 1995 NSPS were not consistent with section 129 of the CAA. The court directed EPA to revise the 1995 NSPS so that they applied only to large MWC units, and the court vacated the 1995 NSPS as they applied to small MWC units. In response to the court ruling, EPA amended the 1995 NSPS on August 25, 1997 so that they applied only to new large MWC units. Then, on August 30, 1999, EPA proposed NSPS for small MWC units with an individual unit capacity of 35 to 250 tons per day.
Today's final rule reestablishes NSPS for new small MWC units with capacities of 35 to 250 tons per day of MSW under 40 CFR part 60, subpart AAAA.
II. Summary of the NSPS
The following summarizes the final NSPS for small MWC units, including identification of the subcategories used in the final NSPS. Overall, there are no significant changes in the final NSPS compared to the proposed NSPS. The following two subcategories are used in the NSPS for small MWC units: Class I units are small MWC units located at plants with aggregate plant capacities greater than 250 tons of MSW per day while Class II units are small MWC units located at plants with aggregate plant capacities less than or equal to 250 tons of MSW per day.
A. Sources Regulated by the NSPS
Today's NSPS apply to each new MWC unit that has a design combustion capacity of 35 to 250 tons per day of MSW and commenced construction after August 30, 1999 or commenced modification or reconstruction after June 6, 2001. The NSPS for new, modified, or reconstructed MWC units will become effective on June 6, 2001. Small MWC units that commenced construction on or before August 30, 1999 are not covered under the NSPS (subpart AAAA). Those units will be subject to the emission guidelines for existing small MWC units (subpart BBBB) which are published separately in today's Federal Register.
B. Pollutants Regulated by the NSPS
Section 129 of the CAA requires EPA to establish numerical emission limits for dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. Section 129 specifies that EPA may also:
* * * promulgate numerical emission limitations or provide for the monitoring of post-combustion concentrations of surrogate substances, parameters, or periods of residence times in excess of stated temperatures with respect to pollutants other than those listed [above] * * *
Therefore, in addition to the emission limits, EPA is establishing requirements for MWC unit operating load, flue gas temperature at the particulate matter control device inlet, and carbon feed rate as part of the good combustion practice requirements. The EPA is also establishing requirements for the control of fugitive ash emissions. All of those requirements were contained in the 1995 NSPS.
C. Format of the Emission Limits
The format of the emission limits is identical to the format of the 1995 NSPS: emission limits based on pollutant concentration. Alternative percentage reduction requirements are provided for mercury, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen chloride. Opacity and fugitive ash requirements are the same as the 1995 NSPS. In addition to controlling stack emissions, the NSPS incorporate good combustion practice requirements (i.e., operator training, operator certification, and MWC unit operating requirements).
D. Summary of the NSPS
A concise summary of the NSPS can be found in Tables 1 and 2 of subpart AAAA.
III. Changes to the NSPS
There are no substantial changes in the final NSPS relative to the NSPS proposed in 1999. A summary of and responses to the public comments are contained in the background information document described earlier under “Public Comments.” The final emission limits are consistent with the 1995 NSPS. Based on an evaluation of the best controlled units within the small MWC unit population, EPA has concluded that the performance of a spray dryer/fabric filter air pollution control system continues to represent the maximum achievable control technology (MACT) floor for new small MWC units.
IV. Impacts of the NSPS
The following describes the impacts (i.e., air, water, solid waste, energy, cost, and economic impacts) of the NSPS for new small MWC units. The impact analysis conducted to evaluate the 1995 NSPS still applies because the air pollution control requirements in the final NSPS are the same as the 1995 NSPS. The 1995 analysis is available at 59 FR 48198. The discussion in this preamble focuses only on the air, cost, and economic impacts of the NSPS.
In the preamble for the 1995 NSPS, EPA determined that the water, solid waste, and energy impacts associated with the NSPS were not significant. Because the NSPS are the same as the 1995 NSPS, the water, solid waste, and energy impacts are the same and continue to be judged as not significant.
For further information on the impacts of the NSPS, refer to “Economic Impact Analysis (EIA): Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units—Emission Guidelines and New Source Performance Standards,” March 2000, EPA-452/R-00-001.
A. Air Impacts
As discussed in the EIA, approximately 90 small MWC units located at 41 plants are operating in the United States. Based on trends in small MWC unit construction over the past several years, EPA projects that about one new small MWC plant will be constructed each year. It is estimated that most new plants with small MWC units will have, on average, two small MWC units onsite. The 5th year impacts are, therefore, based on the construction of 10 new small MWC units over a 5-year period.
Table 1 of this preamble presents the national air emissions reductions for new small MWC units that would result from full implementation of the NSPS in the 5th year compared to a baseline scenario without the NSPS.
Table 1.—National Air Emission Impacts of the NSPS for Small MWC Units
B. Cost and Economic Impacts
To estimate the costs of the NSPS for new small MWC units, EPA has taken into account the various air pollution control equipment that would need to be installed at new small MWC plants to achieve the NSPS. The cost estimates presented here are the projected costs that a new MWC plant with two small MWC units would incur to comply with the NSPS. Those costs are based on new small MWC units installing spray dryer/fabric filter/carbon injection as the air pollution control device system. The EPA projects that the total annual cost (including annualized capital and operating costs) for a single MWC plant would be approximately $1.6 million, and the total annualized cost of the NSPS would be $8.1 million in the 5th year after promulgation. For more details on the cost and economic analysis, refer to the EIA.
V. Companion Rule for Existing Small MWC Units
A companion rule to establish emission guidelines for existing small MWC units is being published separately in today's Federal Register. The emission guidelines for existing small MWC units are contained in 40 CFR part 60, subpart BBBB.
VI. Administrative Requirements
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), the EPA must determine whether the regulatory action is “significant,” and, therefore, subject to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review and the requirements of the Executive Order. The Executive Order defines “significant regulatory action” as one that is likely to lead to a rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more, or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or communities;
(2) Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) Materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or
(4) Raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in the Executive Order.
Pursuant to the terms of Executive Order 12866, EPA has determined that this final rule is not a “significant regulatory action” and, therefore, is not subject to OMB review. The EPA submitted the 1995 rulemaking package (which included requirements for new and existing large MWC units and requirements for new and existing small MWC units) to OMB for review (60 FR 65405, December 19, 1995) and OMB approved the rulemaking package for adoption. The NSPS promulgated today only apply to new small MWC units and are projected to have an impact of approximately $8.1 million annually in the 5th year after promulgation of the NSPS.
B. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
Executive Order 13132, entitled “Federalism” (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure “meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.” “Policies that have federalism implications” are defined in the Executive Order to include regulations that have “substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.”
Under Section 6 of Executive Order 13132, EPA may not issue a regulation that has federalism implications, that imposes substantial direct compliance costs, and that is not required by statute, unless the Federal government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance costs incurred by State and local governments, or EPA consults with State and local officials early in the process of developing the proposed regulation. The EPA also may not issue a regulation that has federalism implications and that preempts State law, unless EPA consults with State and local officials early in the process of developing the proposed regulation.
This final rule does not have federalism implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132, because the NSPS do not preclude States from adopting and implementing their own performance standards. Thus, the requirements of section 6 of the Executive Order do not apply to this final rule. Although section 6 of Executive Order 13132 does not apply to this final rule, EPA did consult with State and local officials in developing this final rule. A list of those consultations is provided in the preamble to the 1995 NSPS (60 FR 65405-65412, December 19, 1995).
C. Executive Order 13084: Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments
Under Executive Order 13084, EPA may not issue a regulation that is not required by statute, that significantly or uniquely affects the communities of Indian tribal governments, and that imposes substantial direct compliance costs on those communities unless the Federal government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance costs incurred by the tribal governments, or EPA consults with those governments. If EPA complies by consulting, Executive Order 13084 requires EPA to provide to OMB, in a separately identified section of the preamble to the rule, a description of the extent of EPA's prior consultation with representatives of affected tribal governments, a summary of the nature of their concerns, and a statement supporting the need to issue the regulation. In addition, Executive Order 13084 requires EPA to develop an effective process permitting elected officials and other representatives of Indian tribal governments “to provide meaningful and timely input in the development of regulatory policies on matters that significantly or uniquely affect their communities.”
Today's final rule does not significantly or uniquely affect the communities of Indian tribal governments. The EPA is not aware of any small MWC units located in Indian territory. Accordingly, the requirements of section 3(b) of Executive Order 13084 do not apply to this final rule.
D. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
Executive Order 13045, “Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks” (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), applies to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be “economically significant” as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action meets both criteria, EPA must evaluate the environmental health or safety effects of the planned rule on children and explain why the planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and reasonably feasible alternatives considered by EPA.
The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has the potential to influence the regulation. This final rule is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it is not economically significant as defined in Executive Order 12866. Further, it is based on technology performance and not on health and safety risks.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, or tribal governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, EPA generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit analysis, for proposed and final rules with “Federal mandates” that may result in expenditures to State, local, or tribal governments, in the aggregate, or to the private sector, of $100 million or more in any 1 year. Before promulgating a rule for which a written statement is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least costly, most cost-effective, or least burdensome alternative if the Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including tribal governments, it must have developed under section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and timely input in the development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and advising small governments on compliance with the regulatory requirements.
The EPA has determined that the NSPS do not contain a Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more for State, local, or tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the private sector in any 1 year. The EIA shows that the total annual costs of the NSPS is about $8.1 million per year in the 5th year after the rule is promulgated. Thus, today's NSPS are not subject to the requirements of sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA. Although the NSPS are not subject to UMRA, EPA prepared a cost-benefit analysis under section 202 of the UMRA for the 1995 NSPS. For a discussion of how EPA complied with the UMRA for the 1995 NSPS, including its extensive consultations with State and local governments, see the preamble to the 1995 NSPS. Because today's final NSPS are equivalent to the 1995 NSPS, no additional consultations were necessary.
F. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as Amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.
The RFA generally requires Federal agencies to prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any other statute unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions.
For purposes of assessing the impacts of today's final rule on small entities, a small entity is defined as: (1) A small business in the regulated industry that has a gross annual revenue less than $6 million; (2) a small governmental jurisdiction that is a government of a city, county, town, school district or special district with a population of less than 50,000; or (3) a small organization that is any not-for-profit enterprise that is independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its field.
After considering the economic impacts of today's final rule on small entities, EPA has determined that this action will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. The EPA has determined that few small entities use MWC units for municipal solid waste disposal. The vast majority of small entities use municipal solid waste landfills for disposal. A small entity considering a new small MWC unit would have the opportunity to switch to an alternative municipal solid waste disposal method, such as municipal solid waste landfills, if the costs to comply with the NSPS were considered prohibitive. Thus, the number of small entities that will be significantly impacted by this final rule is not substantial.
Although this final rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, EPA has tried to reduce the impact of this final rule on small entities by establishing different requirements for Class I and Class II MWC units and establishing provisions for less frequent testing for Class II MWC units. In addition, EPA involved representatives of small entities in the development of the NSPS.
G. Paperwork Reduction Act
The OMB has approved the information collection requirements in the NSPS under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., and has assigned OMB control number 2060-0423; and ICR #1900.01.
The information will be used by EPA to identify new, modified, or reconstructed units subject to the NSPS and to ensure that those units undergo a preconstruction impact analysis. The information will also be used by EPA to ensure that the small MWC unit requirements are implemented properly and are complied with on a continuous basis. Records and reports enable EPA to identify small MWC units that might not be in compliance with the NSPS. Based on reported information, EPA will decide which small MWC units should be inspected and what records or processes should be inspected. Records that owners and operators of small MWC units maintain indicate to EPA whether personnel are operating and maintaining control equipment properly.
The recordkeeping and reporting requirements are specifically authorized by section 114 of the CAA (42 U.S.C. 7414). All information submitted to the EPA for which a claim of confidentiality is made will be safeguarded according to EPA policies in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B, Confidentiality of Business Information.
For the information collection request (ICR), a 3-year impact period was analyzed. The NSPS are projected to affect six MWC units located at three MWC plants during the first 3 years immediately following promulgation. The estimated average annual burden to owners of new small MWC units for the first 3 years after promulgation of the NSPS would be approximately 8,600 person-hours annually at a total cost of $219,000 for capital start-up costs and O&M costs per year to meet the monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements. The estimated average annualized burden to the government implementing the final NSPS would be approximately 500 hours during the first 3 years at a cost of $21,000 (including travel expenses).
Burden means total time, effort, or financial resources expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, disclose, or provide information to or for a Federal agency. That includes the time needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements; train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information; search data sources; complete and review the collection of information; and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's regulations are listed in 40 CFR part 9 and 48 CFR chapter 15. The EPA is amending the table in 40 CFR part 9 of currently approved ICR control numbers issued by OMB for various regulations to list the information collection requirements contained in this final rule.
H. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
As noted in the proposed rule, section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law No. 104-113, Section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note), directs EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in its regulatory activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, business practices) developed or adopted by one or more voluntary consensus standards bodies. The NTTAA directs EPA to provide Congress, through annual reports to OMB, explanations when EPA decides not to use available and applicable voluntary consensus standards.
Consistent with the NTTAA, EPA conducted searches to identify voluntary consensus standards applicable to the NSPS for small MWC units that could be used in process and emissions monitoring. The search for emissions monitoring procedures identified 29 voluntary consensus standards that initially appeared to have possible use in lieu of EPA standard reference methods. After reviewing the available standards, EPA determined that 21 of the candidate consensus standards identified for measuring emissions or surrogates subject to emission standards in the final rule would not be practical due to lack of equivalency, documentation, validation data and other important technical and policy considerations. The seven remaining candidate consensus standards are under development or currently under EPA review. The EPA plans to follow, review and consider adopting those standards after their development and further review by EPA is completed.
One consensus standard, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6216-98, is practical for EPA use in EPA Performance Specification 1 (PS-1) (40 CFR part 60, appendix B). The ASTM D6216 can best be used in place of the design specification verification procedures currently in sections 5 and 6 of PS-1. On September 23, 1998, EPA proposed incorporating by reference ASTM D6216-98 under a separate rulemaking (63 FR 50824). Comments from the proposal have been addressed, and EPA expects to complete that action in the near future. For the above reasons, EPA does not in this final rulemaking adopt ASTM D6216-98 in lieu of PS-1 requirements as it would be impractical for EPA to act independently from another rulemaking activity already undergoing promulgation, and because ASTM D6216 does not address all of the requirements specified in PS-1.
The EPA also conducted searches to identify voluntary consensus standards for process monitoring and process operation. Candidate voluntary consensus standards for process monitoring and process operation were identified for MWC unit load level (steam output); designing, constructing, installing, calibrating, and using nozzles and orifices; and MWC plant operator certification requirements.
One consensus standard by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) was identified for potential use in this final rule for the measurement of MWC unit load level (steam output). The EPA believes the standard is practical to use in this final rule as the method to measure MWC unit load. The EPA has already incorporated by reference “ASME Power Test Codes: Test Code for Steam Generating Units, Power Test Code 4.1—1964 (R1991)” in 40 CFR 60.17(h)(2).
A second consensus standard by ASME was identified for potential use in this final rule for designing, constructing, installing, calibrating, and using nozzles and orifices. The EPA believes the standard is practical to use for the design, construction, installation, calibration, and use of nozzles and orifices. The EPA has already incorporated by reference “American Society of Mechanical Engineers Interim Supplement 19.5 on Instruments and Apparatus: Application, Part II of Fluid Meters, 6th edition (1971)” in 40 CFR 60.17(h)(3).
A third consensus standard by ASME (QRO-1-1994) was identified for potential use in this final rule for MWC plant operator certification requirements instead of developing new operator certification procedures. The EPA believes the standard is practical to use in the emission guidelines that require a chief facility operator and shift supervisor to successfully complete the operator certification procedures developed by ASME. The EPA has already incorporated by reference (QRO-1-1994) in 40 CFR 60.17(h)(1).
Tables 3, 4 and 5 of subpart AAAA list the EPA testing methods and performance standards included in this final rule. Most of the standards have been used by States and industry for more than 10 years. Nevertheless, under § 60.8 of subpart A of part 60, the standard also allows any State or source to apply to EPA for permission to use alternative methods in place of any of the EPA testing methods or performance standards listed in the rule.
I. Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. The EPA will submit a report containing this final rule and other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of the final rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal Register. This action is not a “major rule” as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2). This final rule will be effective June 6, 2001.
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 60
- Environmental protection
- Administrative practice and procedure
- Air pollution control
- Incorporation by reference
- Municipal waste combustion
- Reporting and recordkeeping requirements
Dated: November 3, 2000.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, title 40, chapter I, part 60, of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:
PART 60—[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 60 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7601.
Subpart A—[Amended]
2. Section 60.17 is amended by revising paragraphs (h)(1), (h)(2) and (h)(3) to read as follows:
(h) * * *
(1) ASME QRO-1-1994, Standard for the Qualification and Certification of Resource Recovery Facility Operators, IBR approved for §§ 60.56a, 60.54b(a), 60.54b(b), 60.1185(a), 60.1185(c)(2), 60.1675(a), and 60.1675(c)(2).
(2) ASME PTC 4.1-1964 (Reaffirmed 1991), Power Test Codes: Test Code for Steam Generating Units (with 1968 and 1969 Addenda), IBR approved for §§ 60.46b, 60.58a(h)(6)(ii), 60.58b(i)(6)(ii), 60.1320(a)(3) and 60.1810(a)(3).
(3) ASME Interim Supplement 19.5 on Instruments and Apparatus: Application, Part II of Fluid Meters, 6th Edition (1971), IBR approved for §§ 60.58a(h)(6)(ii), 60.58b(i)(6)(ii), 60.1320(a)4), and 60.1810(a)(4).
3. Part 60 is amended by adding a new subpart AAAA to read as follows:
Subpart AAAA—Standards of Performance for Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units for Which Construction is Commenced After August 30, 1999 or for Which Modification or Reconstruction is Commenced After June 6, 2001
- Introduction
- 60.1000
- What does this subpart do?
- 60.1005
- When does this subpart become effective? Applicability
- 60.1010
- Does this subpart apply to my municipal waste combustion unit?
- 60.1015
- What is a new municipal waste combustion unit?
- 60.1020
- Does this subpart allow any exemptions?
- 60.1025
- Do subpart E new source performance standards also apply to my municipal waste combustion unit?
- 60.1030
- Can the Administrator delegate authority to enforce these Federal new source performance standards to a State agency?
- 60.1035
- How are these new source performance standards structured?
- 60.1040
- Do all five components of these new source performance standards apply at the same time?
- 60.1045
- Are there different subcategories of small municipal waste combustion units within this subpart? Preconstruction Requirements: Materials Separation Plan
- 60.1050
- Who must submit a materials separation plan?
- 60.1055
- What is a materials separation plan?
- 60.1060
- What steps must I complete for my materials separation plan?
- 60.1065
- What must I include in my draft materials separation plan?
- 60.1070
- How do I make my draft materials separation plan available to the public?
- 60.1075
- When must I accept comments on the materials separation plan?
- 60.1080
- Where and when must I hold a public meeting on my draft materials separation plan?
- 60.1085
- What must I do with any public comments I receive during the public comment period on my draft materials separation plan?
- 60.1090
- What must I do with my revised materials separation plan?
- 60.1095
- What must I include in the public meeting on my revised materials separation plan?
- 60.1100
- What must I do with any public comments I receive on my revised materials separation plan?
- 60.1105
- How do I submit my final materials separation plan? Preconstruction Requirements: Siting Analysis
- 60.1110
- Who must submit a siting analysis?
- 60.1115
- What is a siting analysis?
- 60.1120
- What steps must I complete for my siting analysis?
- 60.1125
- What must I include in my siting analysis?
- 60.1130
- How do I make my siting analysis available to the public?
- 60.1135
- When must I accept comments on the siting analysis and revised materials separation plan?
- 60.1140
- Where and when must I hold a public meeting on the siting analysis?
- 60.1145
- What must I do with any public comments I receive during the public comment period on my siting analysis?
- 60.1150
- How do I submit my siting analysis? Good Combustion Practices: Operator Training
- 60.1155
- What types of training must I do?
- 60.1160
- Who must complete the operator training course? By when?
- 60.1165
- Who must complete the plant-specific training course?
- 60.1170
- What plant-specific training must I provide?
- 60.1175
- What information must I include in the plant-specific operating manual?
- 60.1180
- Where must I keep the plant-specific operating manual? Good Combustion Practices: Operator Certification
- 60.1185
- What types of operator certification must the chief facility operator and shift supervisor obtain and by when must they obtain it?
- 60.1190
- After the required date for operator certification, who may operate the municipal waste combustion unit?
- 60.1195
- What if all the certified operators must be temporarily offsite? Good Combustion Practices: Operating Requirements
- 60.1200
- What are the operating practice requirements for my municipal waste combustion unit?
- 60.1205
- What happens to the operating requirements during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? Emission Limits
- 60.1210
- What pollutants are regulated by this subpart?
- 60.1215
- What emission limits must I meet? By when?
- 60.1220
- What happens to the emission limits during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction? Continuous Emission Monitoring
- 60.1225
- What types of continuous emission monitoring must I perform?
- 60.1230
- What continuous emission monitoring systems must I install for gaseous pollutants?
- 60.1235
- How are the data from the continuous emission monitoring systems used?
- 60.1240
- How do I make sure my continuous emission monitoring systems are operating correctly?
- 60.1245
- Am I exempt from any appendix B or appendix F requirements to evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems?
- 60.1250
- What is my schedule for evaluating continuous emission monitoring systems?
- 60.1255
- What must I do if I choose to monitor carbon dioxide instead of oxygen as a diluent gas?
- 60.1260
- What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must collect with my continuous emission monitoring systems and is the data collection requirement enforceable?
- 60.1265
- How do I convert my 1-hour arithmetic averages into the appropriate averaging times and units?
- 60.1270
- What is required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and how are the data used?
- 60.1275
- What additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system?
- 60.1280
- What must I do if any of my continuous emission monitoring systems are temporarily unavailable to meet the data collection requirements? Stack Testing
- 60.1285
- What types of stack tests must I conduct?
- 60.1290
- How are the stack test data used?
- 60.1295
- What schedule must I follow for the stack testing?
- 60.1300
- What test methods must I use to stack test?
- 60.1305
- May I conduct stack testing less often?
- 60.1310
- May I deviate from the 13-month testing schedule if unforeseen circumstances arise? Other Monitoring Requirements
- 60.1315
- Must I meet other requirements for continuous monitoring?
- 60.1320
- How do I monitor the load of my municipal waste combustion unit?
- 60.1325
- How do I monitor the temperature of flue gases at the inlet of my particulate matter control device?
- 60.1330
- How do I monitor the injection rate of activated carbon?
- 60.1335
- What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must collect with my continuous parameter monitoring systems and is the data collection requirement enforceable? Recordkeeping
- 60.1340
- What records must I keep?
- 60.1345
- Where must I keep my records and for how long?
- 60.1350
- What records must I keep for the materials separation plan and siting analysis?
- 60.1355
- What records must I keep for operator training and certification?
- 60.1360
- What records must I keep for stack tests?
- 60.1365
- What records must I keep for continuously monitored pollutants or parameters?
- 60.1370
- What records must I keep for municipal waste combustion units that use activated carbon? Reporting
- 60.1375
- What reports must I submit before I submit my notice of construction?
- 60.1380
- What must I include in my notice of construction?
- 60.1385
- What reports must I submit after I submit my notice of construction and in what form?
- 60.1390
- What are the appropriate units of measurement for reporting my data?
- 60.1395
- When must I submit the initial report?
- 60.1400
- What must I include in my initial report?
- 60.1405
- When must I submit the annual report?
- 60.1410
- What must I include in my annual report?
- 60.1415
- What must I do if I am out of compliance with the requirements of this subpart?
- 60.1420
- If a semiannual report is required, when must I submit it?
- 60.1425
- What must I include in the semiannual out-of-compliance reports?
- 60.1430
- Can reporting dates be changed? Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste
- 60.1435
- What is an air curtain incinerator?
- 60.1440
- What is yard waste?
- 60.1445
- What are the emission limits for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?
- 60.1450
- How must I monitor opacity for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste?
- 60.1455
- What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators that burn 100 percent yard waste? Equations
- 60.1460
- What equations must I use? Definitions
- 60.1465
- What definitions must I know? Tables
Table 1 of Subpart AAAA—Emission Limits For New Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units
Table 2 of Subpart AAAA—Carbon Monoxide Emission Limits For New Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units
Table 3 of Subpart AAAA—Requirements For Validating Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
Table 4 of Subpart AAAA—Requirements For Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
Table 5 of Subpart AAAA—Requirements For Stack Tests
Introduction
This subpart establishes new source performance standards for new small municipal waste combustion units.
This subpart takes effect June 6, 2001. Some of the requirements in this subpart apply to municipal waste combustion unit planning and must be completed before construction is commenced on the municipal waste combustion unit. In particular, the preconstruction requirements in §§ 60.1050 through 60.1150 must be completed prior to commencing construction. Other requirements (such as the emission limits) apply when the municipal waste combustion unit begins operation.
Applicability
Yes, if your municipal waste combustion unit meets two criteria:
(a) Your municipal waste combustion unit is a new municipal waste combustion unit.
(b) Your municipal waste combustion unit has the capacity to combust at least 35 tons per day but no more than 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste or refuse-derived fuel.
(a) A new municipal waste combustion unit is a municipal waste combustion unit that meets either of two criteria:
(1) Commenced construction after August 30, 1999.
(2) Commenced reconstruction or modification after June 6, 2001.
(b) This subpart does not apply to your municipal waste combustion unit if you make physical or operational changes to an existing municipal waste combustion unit primarily to comply with the emission guidelines in subpart BBBB of this part. Such changes do not qualify as reconstruction or modification under this subpart.
(a) Small municipal waste combustion units that combust less than 11 tons per day. You are exempt from this subpart if you meet four requirements:
(1) Your municipal waste combustion unit is subject to a federally enforceable permit limiting the amount of municipal solid waste combusted to less than 11 tons per day.
(2) You notify the Administrator that the unit qualifies for the exemption.
(3) You provide the Administrator with a copy of the federally enforceable permit.
(4) You keep daily records of the amount of municipal solid waste combusted.
(b) Small power production facilities. You are exempt from this subpart if you meet four requirements:
(1) Your unit qualifies as a small power production facility under section 3(17)(C) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(17)(C)).
(2) Your unit combusts homogeneous waste (excluding refuse-derived fuel) to produce electricity.
(3) You notify the Administrator that the unit qualifies for the exemption.
(4) You provide the Administrator with documentation that the unit qualifies for the exemption.
(c) Cogeneration facilities. You are exempt from this subpart if you meet four requirements:
(1) Your unit qualifies as a cogeneration facility under section 3(18)(B) of the Federal Power Act (16 U.S.C. 796(18)(B)).
(2) Your unit combusts homogeneous waste (excluding refuse-derived fuel) to produce electricity and steam or other forms of energy used for industrial, commercial, heating, or cooling purposes.
(3) You notify the Administrator that the unit qualifies for the exemption.
(4) You provide the Administrator with documentation that the unit qualifies for the exemption.
(d) Municipal waste combustion units that combust only tires. You are exempt from this subpart if you meet three requirements:
(1) Your municipal waste combustion unit combusts a single-item waste stream of tires and no other municipal waste (the unit can co-fire coal, fuel oil, natural gas, or other nonmunicipal solid waste).
(2) You notify the Administrator that the unit qualifies for the exemption.
(3) You provide the Administrator with documentation that the unit qualifies for the exemption.
(e) Hazardous waste combustion units. You are exempt from this subpart if you get a permit for your unit under section 3005 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act.
(f) Materials recovery units. You are exempt from this subpart if your unit combusts waste mainly to recover metals. Primary and secondary smelters qualify for the exemption.
(g) Co-fired combustors. You are exempt from this subpart if you meet four requirements:
(1) Your unit has a federally enforceable permit limiting the combustion of municipal solid waste to 30 percent of the total fuel input by weight.
(2) You notify the Administrator that the unit qualifies for the exemption.
(3) You provide the Administrator with a copy of the federally enforceable permit.
(4) You record the weights, each quarter, of municipal solid waste and of all other fuels combusted.
(h) Plastics/rubber recycling units. You are exempt from this subpart if you meet four requirements:
(1) Your pyrolysis/combustion unit is an integrated part of a plastics/rubber recycling unit as defined under “Definitions” (§ 60.1465).
(2) You record the weights, each quarter, of plastics, rubber, and rubber tires processed.
(3) You record the weights, each quarter, of feed stocks produced and marketed from chemical plants and petroleum refineries.
(4) You keep the name and address of the purchaser of those feed stocks.
(i) Units that combust fuels made from products of plastics/rubber recycling plants. You are exempt from this subpart if you meet two requirements:
(1) Your unit combusts gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, fuel oils, residual oil, refinery gas, petroleum coke, liquified petroleum gas, propane, or butane produced by chemical plants or petroleum refineries that use feedstocks produced by plastics/rubber recycling units.
(2) Your unit does not combust any other municipal solid waste.
(j) Cement kilns. You are exempt from this subpart if your cement kiln combusts municipal solid waste.
(k) Air curtain incinerators. If your air curtain incinerator (see § 60.1465 for definition) combusts 100 percent yard waste, you must meet only the requirements under “Air Curtain Incinerators That Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste” (§§ 60.1435 through 60.1455).
If this subpart AAAA applies to your municipal waste combustion unit, then subpart E of this part does not apply to your municipal waste combustion unit.
Yes, the Administrator can delegate all authorities in all sections of this subpart to the State for direct State enforcement.
These new source performance standards contain five major components:
(a) Preconstruction requirements.
(1) Materials separation plan.
(2) Siting analysis.
(b) Good combustion practices.
(1) Operator training.
(2) Operator certification.
(3) Operating requirements.
(c) Emission limits.
(d) Monitoring and stack testing.
(e) Recordkeeping and reporting.
No, you must meet the preconstruction requirements before you commence construction of the municipal waste combustion unit. After the municipal waste combustion unit begins operation, you must meet all of the good combustion practices, emission limits, monitoring, stack testing, and most recordkeeping and reporting requirements.
(a) Yes, this subpart subcategorizes small municipal waste combustion units into two groups based on the aggregate capacity of the municipal waste combustion plant as follows:
(1) Class I Units. Class I units are small municipal waste combustion units that are located at municipal waste combustion plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity greater than 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste. (See the definition of “municipal waste combustion plant capacity” in § 60.1465 for specification of which units at a plant are included in the aggregate capacity calculation.)
(2) Class II Units. Class II units are small municipal waste combustion units that are located at municipal waste combustion plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity less than or equal to 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste. (See the definition of “municipal waste combustion plant capacity” in § 60.1465 for specification of which units at a plant are included in the aggregate capacity calculation.)
(b) The requirements for Class I and Class II units are identical except for two items:
(1) Class I units have a nitrogen oxides emission limit. Class II units do not have a nitrogen oxides emission limit (see Table 1 of this subpart). Additionally, Class I units have continuous emission monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements for nitrogen oxides.
(2) Class II units are eligible for the reduced testing option provided in § 60.1305.
Preconstruction Requirements: Materials Separation Plan
(a) You must prepare a materials separation plan for your municipal waste combustion unit if you commence construction of a new small municipal waste combustion unit after December 6, 2000.
(b) If you commence construction of your municipal waste combustion unit after August 30, 1999 but before December 6, 2000, you are not required to prepare the materials separation plan specified in this subpart.
(c) You must prepare a materials separation plan if you are required to submit an initial application for a construction permit, under 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or part 52, as applicable, for the reconstruction or modification of your municipal waste combustion unit.
The plan identifies a goal and an approach for separating certain components of municipal solid waste for a given service area prior to waste combustion and making them available for recycling.
(a) For your materials separation plan, you must complete nine steps:
(1) Prepare a draft materials separation plan.
(2) Make your draft plan available to the public.
(3) Hold a public meeting on your draft plan.
(4) Prepare responses to public comments received during the public comment period on your draft plan.
(5) Prepare a revised materials separation plan.
(6) Discuss the revised plan at the public meeting for review of the siting analysis.
(7) Prepare responses to public comments received on your revised plan.
(8) Prepare a final materials separation plan.
(9) Submit the final materials separation plan.
(b) You may use analyses conducted under the requirements of 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or part 52, to comply with some of the materials separation requirements of this subpart.
(a) You must prepare and submit a draft materials separation plan for your municipal waste combustion unit and its service area.
(b) Your draft materials separation plan must identify a goal and an approach for separating certain components of municipal solid waste for a given service area prior to waste combustion and making them available for recycling. A materials separation plan may include such elements as dropoff facilities, buy-back or deposit-return incentives, programs for curbside pickup, and centralized systems for mechanical separation.
(c) Your materials separation plan may include different goals or approaches for different subareas in the service area.
(d) Your materials separation plan may exclude materials separation activities for certain subareas or, if warranted, the entire service area.
(a) Distribute your draft materials separation plan to the main public libraries in the area where you will construct the municipal waste combustion unit.
(b) Publish a notice of a public meeting in the main newspapers that serve two areas:
(1) The area where you will construct the municipal waste combustion unit.
(2) The areas where the waste that your municipal waste combustion unit combusts will be collected.
(c) Include six items in your notice of the public meeting:
(1) The date of the public meeting.
(2) The time of the public meeting.
(3) The location of the public meeting.
(4) The location of the public libraries where the public can find your materials separation plan. Include the normal business hours of each library.
(5) An agenda of the topics that will be discussed at the public meeting.
(6) The beginning and ending dates of the public comment period on your draft materials separation plan.
(a) You must accept verbal comments at the public meeting.
(b) You must accept written comments anytime during the period that begins on the date the document is distributed to the main public libraries and ends 30 days after the date of the public meeting.
(a) You must hold a public meeting and accept comments on your draft materials separation plan.
(b) You must hold the public meeting in the county where you will construct the municipal waste combustion unit.
(c) You must schedule the public meeting to occur at least 30 days after you make your draft materials separation plan available to the public.
(d) You may combine the public meeting with any other public meeting required as part of any other Federal, State, or local permit review. However, you may not combine it with the public meeting required for the siting analysis under “Preconstruction Requirements: Siting Analysis” (§ 60.1140).
(e) You are encouraged to address eight topics at the public meeting for your draft materials separation plan:
(1) Expected size of the service area for your municipal waste combustion unit.
(2) Amount of waste you will collect in the service area.
(3) Types and estimated amounts of materials proposed for separation.
(4) Methods proposed for materials separation.
(5) Amount of residual waste for disposal.
(6) Alternate disposal methods for handling the residual waste.
(7) Where your responses to public comments on the draft materials separation plan will be available for inspection.
(8) Where your revised materials separation plan will be available for inspection.
(f) You must prepare a transcript of the public meeting on your draft materials separation plan.
You must do three steps:
(a) Prepare written responses to any public comments you received during the public comment period. Summarize the responses to public comments in a document that is separate from your revised materials separation plan.
(b) Make the comment response document available to the public in the service area where you will construct your municipal waste combustion unit. You must distribute the document at least to the main public libraries used to announce the public meeting.
(c) Prepare a revised materials separation plan for the municipal waste combustion unit that includes, as appropriate, changes made in response to any public comments you received during the public comment period.
You must do two tasks:
(a) As specified under “Reporting” (§ 60.1375), submit five items to the Administrator by the date you submit the application for a construction permit under 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or part 52. (If you are not required to submit an application for a construction permit under 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or part 52, submit five items to the Administrator by the date of your notice of construction under § 60.1380):
(1) Your draft materials separation plan.
(2) Your revised materials separation plan.
(3) Your notice of the public meeting for your draft materials separation plan.
(4) A transcript of the public meeting on your draft materials separation plan.
(5) The document that summarizes your responses to the public comments you received during the public comment period on your draft materials separation plan.
(b) Make your revised materials separation plan available to the public as part of the siting analysis procedures under “Preconstruction Requirements: Siting Analysis” (§ 60.1130).
As part of the public meeting for review of the siting analysis, as specified under “Preconstruction Requirements: Siting Analysis” (§ 60.1140), you must discuss two areas:
(a) Differences between your revised materials separation plan and your draft materials separation plan discussed at the first public meeting (§ 60.1080).
(b) Questions about your revised materials separation plan.
(a) Prepare written responses to any public comments and include them in the document that summarizes your responses to public comments on the siting analysis.
(b) Prepare a final materials separation plan that includes, as appropriate, changes made in response to any public comments you received on your revised materials separation plan.
As specified under “Reporting” (§ 60.1380), submit your final materials separation plan to the Administrator as part of the notice of construction for the municipal waste combustion unit.
Preconstruction Requirements: Siting Analysis
(a) You must prepare a siting analysis if you commence construction of a small municipal waste combustion unit after December 6, 2000.
(b) If you commence construction on your municipal waste combustion unit after August 30, 1999, but before December 6, 2000, you are not required to prepare the siting analysis specified in this subpart.
(c) You must prepare a siting analysis if you are required to submit an initial application for a construction permit, under 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or part 52, as applicable, for the reconstruction or modification of your municipal waste combustion unit.
The siting analysis addresses how your municipal waste combustion unit affects ambient air quality, visibility, soils, vegetation, and other relevant factors. The analysis can be used to determine whether the benefits of your proposed facility significantly outweigh the environmental and social costs resulting from its location and construction. The analysis must also consider other major industrial facilities near the proposed site.
(a) For your siting analysis, you must complete five steps:
(1) Prepare an analysis.
(2) Make your analysis available to the public.
(3) Hold a public meeting on your analysis.
(4) Prepare responses to public comments received on your analysis.
(5) Submit your analysis.
(b) You may use analyses conducted under the requirements of 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or part 52, to comply with some of the siting analysis requirements of this subpart.
(a) Include an analysis of how your municipal waste combustion unit affects four areas:
(1) Ambient air quality.
(2) Visibility.
(3) Soils.
(4) Vegetation.
(b) Include an analysis of alternatives for controlling air pollution that minimize potential risks to the public health and the environment.
(a) Distribute your siting analysis and revised materials separation plan to the main public libraries in the area where you will construct your municipal waste combustion unit.
(b) Publish a notice of a public meeting in the main newspapers that serve two areas:
(1) The area where you will construct your municipal waste combustion unit.
(2) The areas where the waste that your municipal waste combustion unit combusts will be collected.
(c) Include six items in your notice of the public meeting:
(1) The date of the public meeting.
(2) The time of the public meeting.
(3) The location of the public meeting.
(4) The location of the public libraries where the public can find your siting analysis and revised materials separation plan. Include the normal business hours of each library.
(5) An agenda of the topics that will be discussed at the public meeting.
(6) The beginning and ending dates of the public comment period on your siting analysis and revised materials separation plan.
(a) You must accept verbal comments at the public meeting.
(b) You must accept written comments anytime during the period that begins on the date the document is distributed to the main public libraries and ends 30 days after the date of the public meeting.
(a) You must hold a public meeting to discuss and accept comments on your siting analysis and your revised materials separation plan.
(b) You must hold the public meeting in the county where you will construct your municipal waste combustion unit.
(c) You must schedule the public meeting to occur at least 30 days after you make your siting analysis and revised materials separation plan available to the public.
(d) You must prepare a transcript of the public meeting on your siting analysis.
You must do three things:
(a) Prepare written responses to any public comments on your siting analysis and the revised materials separation plan you received during the public comment period. Summarize the responses to public comments in a document that is separate from your materials separation plan and siting analysis.
(b) Make the comment response document available to the public in the service area where you will construct your municipal waste combustion unit. You must distribute the document at least to the main public libraries used to announce the public meeting for the siting analysis.
(c) Prepare a revised siting analysis for the municipal waste combustion unit that includes, as appropriate, changes made in response to any public comments you received during the public comment period.
As specified under “Reporting” (§ 60.1380), submit four items as part of the notice of construction:
(a) Your siting analysis.
(b) Your notice of the public meeting on your siting analysis.
(c) A transcript of the public meeting on your siting analysis.
(d) The document that summarizes your responses to the public comments you received during the public comment period.
Good Combustion Practices: Operator Training
There are two types of required training:
(a) Training of operators of municipal waste combustion units using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or a State-approved training course.
(b) Training of plant personnel using a plant-specific training course.
(a) Three types of employees must complete the EPA or State-approved operator training course:
(1) Chief facility operators.
(2) Shift supervisors.
(3) Control room operators.
(b) Those employees must complete the operator training course by the later of three dates:
(1) Six months after your municipal waste combustion unit initial startup.
(2) December 6, 2001.
(3) The date before an employee assumes responsibilities that affect operation of the municipal waste combustion unit.
All employees with responsibilities that affect how a municipal waste combustion unit operates must complete the plant-specific training course. Include at least six types of employees:
(a) Chief facility operators.
(b) Shift supervisors.
(c) Control room operators.
(d) Ash handlers.
(e) Maintenance personnel.
(f) Crane or load handlers.
For plant-specific training, you must do four things:
(a) For training at a particular plant, develop a specific operating manual for that plant by the later of two dates:
(1) Six months after your municipal waste combustion unit initial startup.
(2) December 6, 2001.
(b) Establish a program to review the plant-specific operating manual with people whose responsibilities affect the operation of your municipal waste combustion unit. Complete the initial review by the later of three dates:
(1) Six months after your municipal waste combustion unit initial startup.
(2) December 6, 2001.
(3) The date before an employee assumes responsibilities that affect operation of the municipal waste combustion unit.
(c) Update your manual annually.
(d) Review your manual with staff annually.
You must include 11 items in the operating manual for your plant:
(a) A summary of all applicable requirements in this subpart.
(b) A description of the basic combustion principles that apply to municipal waste combustion units.
(c) Procedures for receiving, handling, and feeding municipal solid waste.
(d) Procedures to be followed during periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction of the municipal waste combustion unit.
(e) Procedures for maintaining a proper level of combustion air supply.
(f) Procedures for operating the municipal waste combustion unit in compliance with the requirements contained in this subpart.
(g) Procedures for responding to periodic upset or off-specification conditions.
(h) Procedures for minimizing carryover of particulate matter.
(i) Procedures for handling ash.
(j) Procedures for monitoring emissions from the municipal waste combustion unit.
(k) Procedures for recordkeeping and reporting.
You must keep your operating manual in an easily accessible location at your plant. It must be available for review or inspection by all employees who must review it and by the Administrator.
Good Combustion Practices: Operator Certification
(a) Each chief facility operator and shift supervisor must obtain and keep a current provisional operator certification from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (QRO-1-1994) (incorporated by reference in § 60.17(h)(1)) or a current provisional operator certification from your State certification program.
(b) Each chief facility operator and shift supervisor must obtain a provisional certification by the later of three dates:
(1) Six months after the municipal waste combustion unit initial startup.
(2) December 6, 2001.
(3) Six months after they transfer to the municipal waste combustion unit or 6 months after they are hired to work at the municipal waste combustion unit.
(c) Each chief facility operator and shift supervisor must take one of three actions:
(1) Obtain a full certification from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers or a State certification program in your State.
(2) Schedule a full certification exam with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (QRO-1-1994) (incorporated by reference in § 60.17(h)(1)).
(3) Schedule a full certification exam with your State certification program.
(d) The chief facility operator and shift supervisor must obtain the full certification or be scheduled to take the certification exam by the later of three dates:
(1) Six months after the municipal waste combustion unit initial startup.
(2) December 6, 2001.
(3) Six months after they transfer to the municipal waste combustion unit or 6 months after they are hired to work at the municipal waste combustion unit.
After the required date for full or provisional certifications, you must not operate your municipal waste combustion unit unless one of four employees is on duty:
(a) A fully certified chief facility operator.
(b) A provisionally certified chief facility operator who is scheduled to take the full certification exam.
(c) A fully certified shift supervisor.
(d) A provisionally certified shift supervisor who is scheduled to take the full certification exam.
If the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor both are unavailable, a provisionally certified control room operator at the municipal waste combustion unit may fulfill the certified operator requirement. Depending on the length of time that a certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are away, you must meet one of three criteria:
(a) When the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are both offsite for 12 hours or less, and no other certified operator is onsite, the provisionally certified control room operator may perform those duties without notice to, or approval by, the Administrator.
(b) When the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are offsite for more than 12 hours, but for 2 weeks or less, and no other certified operator is onsite, the provisionally certified control room operator may perform those duties without notice to, or approval by, the Administrator. However, you must record the period when the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are offsite and include that information in the annual report as specified under § 60.1410(l).
(c) When the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are offsite for more than 2 weeks, and no other certified operator is onsite, the provisionally certified control room operator may perform those duties without notice to, or approval by, the Administrator. However, you must take two actions:
(1) Notify the Administrator in writing. In the notice, state what caused the absence and what you are doing to ensure that a certified chief facility operator or certified shift supervisor is onsite.
(2) Submit a status report and corrective action summary to the Administrator every 4 weeks following the initial notification. If the Administrator notifies you that your status report or corrective action summary is disapproved, the municipal waste combustion unit may continue operation for 90 days, but then must cease operation. If corrective actions are taken in the 90-day period such that the Administrator withdraws the disapproval, municipal waste combustion unit operation may continue.
Good Combustion Practices: Operating Requirements
(a) You must not operate your municipal waste combustion unit at loads greater than 110 percent of the maximum demonstrated load of the municipal waste combustion unit (4-hour block average), as specified under “Definitions” (§ 60.1465).
(b) You must not operate your municipal waste combustion unit so that the temperature at the inlet of the particulate matter control device exceeds 17°C above the maximum demonstrated temperature of the particulate matter control device (4-hour block average), as specified under “Definitions” (§ 60.1465).
(c) If your municipal waste combustion unit uses activated carbon to control dioxins/furans or mercury emissions, you must maintain an 8-hour block average carbon feed rate at or above the highest average level established during the most recent dioxins/furans or mercury test.
(d) If your municipal waste combustion unit uses activated carbon to control dioxins/furans or mercury emissions, you must evaluate total carbon usage for each calendar quarter. The total amount of carbon purchased and delivered to your municipal waste combustion plant must be at or above the required quarterly usage of carbon. At your option, you may choose to evaluate required quarterly carbon usage on a municipal waste combustion unit basis for each individual municipal waste combustion unit at your plant. Calculate the required quarterly usage of carbon using equation 4 or 5 in § 60.1460(f).
(e) Your municipal waste combustion unit is exempt from limits on load level, temperature at the inlet of the particulate matter control device, and carbon feed rate during any of five situations:
(1) During your annual tests for dioxins/furans.
(2) During your annual mercury tests (for carbon feed rate requirements only).
(3) During the 2 weeks preceding your annual tests for dioxins/furans.
(4) During the 2 weeks preceding your annual mercury tests (for carbon feed rate requirements only).
(5) Whenever the Administrator or delegated State authority permits you to do any of five activities:
(i) Evaluate system performance.
(ii) Test new technology or control technologies.
(iii) Perform diagnostic testing.
(iv) Perform other activities to improve the performance of your municipal waste combustion unit.
(v) Perform other activities to advance the state of the art for emission controls for your municipal waste combustion unit.
(a) The operating requirements of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
(b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must not last for longer than 3 hours.
Emission Limits
Eleven pollutants, in four groupings, are regulated:
(a) Organics. Dioxins/furans.
(b) Metals.
(1) Cadmium.
(2) Lead.
(3) Mercury.
(4) Opacity.
(5) Particulate matter.
(c) Acid gases.
(1) Hydrogen chloride.
(2) Nitrogen oxides.
(3) Sulfur dioxide.
(d) Other.
(1) Carbon monoxide.
(2) Fugitive ash.
You must meet the emission limits specified in Tables 1 and 2 of this subpart. You must meet the limits 60 days after your municipal waste combustion unit reaches the maximum load level but no later than 180 days after its initial startup.
(a) The emission limits of this subpart apply at all times except during periods of municipal waste combustion unit startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
(b) Each startup, shutdown, or malfunction must not last for longer than 3 hours.
(c) A maximum of 3 hours of test data can be dismissed from compliance calculations during periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction.
(d) During startup, shutdown, or malfunction periods longer than 3 hours, emissions data cannot be discarded from compliance calculations and all provisions under § 60.11(d) apply.
Continuous Emission Monitoring
To continuously monitor emissions, you must perform four tasks:
(a) Install continuous emission monitoring systems for certain gaseous pollutants.
(b) Make sure your continuous emission monitoring systems are operating correctly.
(c) Make sure you obtain the minimum amount of monitoring data.
(d) Install a continuous opacity monitoring system.
(a) You must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate continuous emission monitoring systems for oxygen (or carbon dioxide), sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. If you operate a Class I municipal waste combustion unit, you must also install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous emission monitoring system for nitrogen oxides. Install the continuous emission monitoring systems for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and oxygen (or carbon dioxide) at the outlet of the air pollution control device.
(b) You must install, evaluate, and operate each continuous emission monitoring system according to the “Monitoring Requirements” in § 60.13.
(c) You must monitor the oxygen (or carbon dioxide) concentration at each location where you monitor sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Additionally, if you operate a Class I municipal waste combustion unit, you must also monitor the oxygen (or carbon dioxide) concentration at the location where you monitor nitrogen oxides.
(d) You may choose to monitor carbon dioxide instead of oxygen as a diluent gas. If you choose to monitor carbon dioxide, then an oxygen monitor is not required, and you must follow the requirements in § 60.1255.
(e) If you choose to demonstrate compliance by monitoring the percent reduction of sulfur dioxide, you must also install continuous emission monitoring systems for sulfur dioxide and oxygen (or carbon dioxide) at the inlet of the air pollution control device.
(f) If you prefer to use an alternative sulfur dioxide monitoring method, such as parametric monitoring, or cannot monitor emissions at the inlet of the air pollution control device to determine percent reduction, you can apply to the Administrator for approval to use an alternative monitoring method under § 60.13(i).
You must use data from the continuous emission monitoring systems for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide to demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits specified in Tables 1 and 2 of this subpart. To demonstrate compliance for dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride, and fugitive ash, see § 60.1290.
(a) Conduct initial, daily, quarterly, and annual evaluations of your continuous emission monitoring systems that measure oxygen (or carbon dioxide), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (Class I municipal waste combustion units only), and carbon monoxide.
(b) Complete your initial evaluation of the continuous emission monitoring systems within 60 days after your municipal waste combustion unit reaches the maximum load level at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after its initial startup.
(c) For initial and annual evaluations, collect data concurrently (or within 30 to 60 minutes) using your oxygen (or carbon dioxide) continuous emission monitoring system, your sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, or carbon monoxide continuous emission monitoring systems, as appropriate, and the appropriate test methods specified in Table 3 of this subpart. Collect the data during each initial and annual evaluation of your continuous emission monitoring systems following the applicable performance specifications in appendix B of this part. Table 4 of this subpart shows the performance specifications that apply to each continuous emission monitoring system.
(d) Follow the quality assurance procedures in Procedure 1 of appendix F of this part for each continuous emission monitoring system. The procedures include daily calibration drift and quarterly accuracy determinations.
Yes, the accuracy tests for your sulfur dioxide continuous emission monitoring system require you to also evaluate your oxygen (or carbon dioxide) continuous emission monitoring system. Therefore, your oxygen (or carbon dioxide) continuous emission monitoring system is exempt from two requirements:
(a) Section 2.3 of Performance Specification 3 in appendix B of this part (relative accuracy requirement).
(b) Section 5.1.1 of appendix F of this part (relative accuracy test audit).
(a) Conduct annual evaluations of your continuous emission monitoring systems no more than 13 months after the previous evaluation was conducted.
(b) Evaluate your continuous emission monitoring systems daily and quarterly as specified in appendix F of this part.
You must establish the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide during the initial evaluation of your continuous emission monitoring systems. You may reestablish the relationship during annual evaluations. To establish the relationship use three procedures:
(a) Use EPA Reference Method 3A or 3B in appendix A of this part to determine oxygen concentration at the location of your carbon dioxide monitor.
(b) Conduct at least three test runs for oxygen. Make sure each test run represents a 1-hour average and that sampling continues for at least 30 minutes in each hour.
(c) Use the fuel-factor equation in EPA Reference Method 3B in appendix A of this part to determine the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide.
(a) Where continuous emission monitoring systems are required, obtain 1-hour arithmetic averages. Make sure the averages for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide are in parts per million by dry volume at 7 percent oxygen (or the equivalent carbon dioxide level). Use the 1-hour averages of oxygen (or carbon dioxide) data from your continuous emission monitoring system to determine the actual oxygen (or carbon dioxide) level and to calculate emissions at 7 percent oxygen (or the equivalent carbon dioxide level).
(b) Obtain at least two data points per hour in order to calculate a valid 1-hour arithmetic average. Section 60.13(e)(2) requires your continuous emission monitoring systems to complete at least one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing, and data recording) for each 15-minute period.
(c) Obtain valid 1-hour averages for 75 percent of the operating hours per day for 90 percent of the operating days per calendar quarter. An operating day is any day the unit combusts any municipal solid waste or refuse-derived fuel.
(d) If you do not obtain the minimum data required in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section, you are in violation of the data collection requirement regardless of the emission level monitored, and you must notify the Administrator according to § 60.1410(e).
(e) If you do not obtain the minimum data required in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section, you must still use all valid data from the continuous emission monitoring systems in calculating emission concentrations and percent reductions in accordance with § 60.1265.
(a) Use the equation in § 60.1460(a) to calculate emissions at 7 percent oxygen.
(b) Use EPA Reference Method 19 in appendix A of this part, section 4.3, to calculate the daily geometric average concentrations of sulfur dioxide emissions. If you are monitoring the percent reduction of sulfur dioxide, use EPA Reference Method 19 in appendix A of this part, section 5.4, to determine the daily geometric average percent reduction of potential sulfur dioxide emissions.
(c) If you operate a Class I municipal waste combustion unit, use EPA Reference Method 19 in appendix A of this part, section 4.1, to calculate the daily arithmetic average for concentrations of nitrogen oxides.
(d) Use EPA Reference Method 19 in appendix A of this part, section 4.1, to calculate the 4-hour or 24-hour daily block averages (as applicable) for concentrations of carbon monoxide.
(a) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous opacity monitoring system.
(b) Install, evaluate, and operate each continuous opacity monitoring system according to § 60.13.
(c) Complete an initial evaluation of your continuous opacity monitoring system according to Performance Specification 1 in appendix B of this part. Complete the evaluation within 60 days after your municipal waste combustion unit reaches the maximum load level at which it will operate, but no more than 180 days after its initial startup.
(d) Complete each annual evaluation of your continuous opacity monitoring system no more than 13 months after the previous evaluation.
(e) Use tests conducted according to EPA Reference Method 9 in appendix A of this part, as specified in § 60.1300, to determine compliance with the opacity limit in Table 1 of this subpart. The data obtained from your continuous opacity monitoring system are not used to determine compliance with the opacity limit.
Use the required span values and applicable performance specifications in Table 4 of this subpart.
Refer to Table 4 of this subpart. It shows alternate methods for collecting data when systems malfunction or when repairs, calibration checks, or zero and span checks keep you from collecting the minimum amount of data.
Stack Testing
Conduct initial and annual stack tests to measure the emission levels of dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride, and fugitive ash.
You must use results of stack tests for dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride, and fugitive ash to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits in Table 1 of this subpart. To demonstrate compliance for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide, see § 60.1235.
(a) Conduct initial stack tests for the pollutants listed in § 60.1285 within 60 days after your municipal waste combustion unit reaches the maximum load level at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after its initial startup.
(b) Conduct annual stack tests for the same pollutants after the initial stack test. Conduct each annual stack test no later than 13 months after the previous stack test.
(a) Follow Table 5 of this subpart to establish the sampling location and to determine pollutant concentrations, number of traverse points, individual test methods, and other specific testing requirements for the different pollutants.
(b) Make sure that stack tests for all the pollutants consist of at least three test runs, as specified in § 60.8. Use the average of the pollutant emission concentrations from the three test runs to determine compliance with the emission limits in Table 1 of this subpart.
(c) Obtain an oxygen (or carbon dioxide) measurement at the same time as your pollutant measurements to determine diluent gas levels, as specified in § 60.1230.
(d) Use the equations in § 60.1460(a) to calculate emission levels at 7 percent oxygen (or an equivalent carbon dioxide basis), the percent reduction in potential hydrogen chloride emissions, and the reduction efficiency for mercury emissions. See the individual test methods in Table 5 of this subpart for other required equations.
(e) You can apply to the Administrator for approval under § 60.8(b) to use a reference method with minor changes in methodology, use an equivalent method, use an alternative method the results of which the Administrator has determined are adequate for demonstrating compliance, waive the requirement for a performance test because you have demonstrated by other means that you are in compliance, or use a shorter sampling time or smaller sampling volume.
(a) You may test less often if you own or operate a Class II municipal waste combustion unit and if all stack tests for a given pollutant over 3 consecutive years show you comply with the emission limit. In that case, you are not required to conduct a stack test for that pollutant for the next 2 years. However, you must conduct another stack test within 36 months of the anniversary date of the third consecutive stack test that shows you comply with the emission limit. Thereafter, you must perform stack tests every 3rd year but no later than 36 months following the previous stack tests. If a stack test shows noncompliance with an emission limit, you must conduct annual stack tests for that pollutant until all stack tests over 3 consecutive years show compliance with the emission limit for that pollutant. The provision applies to all pollutants subject to stack testing requirements: dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride, and fugitive ash.
(b) You can test less often for dioxins/furans emissions if you own or operate a municipal waste combustion plant that meets two conditions. First, you have multiple municipal waste combustion units onsite that are subject to this subpart. Second, all those municipal waste combustion units have demonstrated levels of dioxins/furans emissions less than or equal to 7 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter (total mass) for 2 consecutive years. In that case, you may choose to conduct annual stack tests on only one municipal waste combustion unit per year at your plant. The provision only applies to stack testing for dioxins/furans emissions.
(1) Conduct the stack test no more than 13 months following a stack test on any municipal waste combustion unit subject to this subpart at your plant. Each year, test a different municipal waste combustion unit subject to this subpart and test all municipal waste combustion units subject to this subpart in a sequence that you determine. Once you determine a testing sequence, it must not be changed without approval by the Administrator.
(2) If each annual stack test shows levels of dioxins/furans emissions less than or equal to 7 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter (total mass), you may continue stack tests on only one municipal waste combustion unit subject to this subpart per year.
(3) If any annual stack test indicates levels of dioxins/furans emissions greater than 7 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter (total mass), conduct subsequent annual stack tests on all municipal waste combustion units subject to this subpart at your plant. You may return to testing one municipal waste combustion unit subject to this subpart per year if you can demonstrate dioxins/furans emission levels less than or equal to 7 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter (total mass) for all municipal waste combustion units at your plant subject to this subpart for 2 consecutive years.
You may not deviate from the 13-month testing schedules specified in §§ 60.1295(b) and 60.1305(b)(1) unless you apply to the Administrator for an alternative schedule, and the Administrator approves your request for alternate scheduling prior to the date on which you would otherwise have been required to conduct the next stack test.
Other Monitoring Requirements
You must also monitor three operating parameters:
(a) Load level of each municipal waste combustion unit.
(b) Temperature of flue gases at the inlet of your particulate matter air pollution control device.
(c) Carbon feed rate if activated carbon is used to control dioxins/furans or mercury emissions.
(a) If your municipal waste combustion unit generates steam, you must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a steam flowmeter or a feed water flowmeter and meet five requirements:
(1) Continuously measure and record the measurements of steam (or feed water) in kilograms (or pounds) per hour.
(2) Calculate your steam (or feed water) flow in 4-hour block averages.
(3) Calculate the steam (or feed water) flow rate using the method in “American Society of Mechanical Engineers Power Test Codes: Test Code for Steam Generating Units, Power Test Code 4.1—1964 (R1991),” section 4 (incorporated by reference in § 60.17(h)(2)).
(4) Design, construct, install, calibrate, and use nozzles or orifices for flow rate measurements, using the recommendations in “American Society of Mechanical Engineers Interim Supplement 19.5 on Instruments and Apparatus: Application, Part II of Fluid Meters,” 6th Edition (1971), chapter 4 (incorporated by reference in § 60.17(h)(3)).
(5) Before each dioxins/furans stack test, or at least once a year, calibrate all signal conversion elements associated with steam (or feed water) flow measurements according to the manufacturer instructions.
(b) If your municipal waste combustion unit does not generate steam, or, if your municipal waste combustion units have shared steam systems and steam load cannot be estimated per unit, you must determine, to the satisfaction of the Administrator, one or more operating parameters that can be used to continuously estimate load level (for example, the feed rate of municipal solid waste or refuse-derived fuel). You must continuously monitor the selected parameters.
You must install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a device to continuously measure the temperature of the flue gas stream at the inlet of each particulate matter control device.
If your municipal waste combustion unit uses activated carbon to control dioxins/furans or mercury emissions, you must meet three requirements:
(a) Select a carbon injection system operating parameter that can be used to calculate carbon feed rate (for example, screw feeder speed).
(b) During each dioxins/furans and mercury stack test, determine the average carbon feed rate in kilograms (or pounds) per hour. Also, determine the average operating parameter level that correlates to the carbon feed rate. Establish a relationship between the operating parameter and the carbon feed rate in order to calculate the carbon feed rate based on the operating parameter level.
(c) Continuously monitor the selected operating parameter during all periods when the municipal waste combustion unit is operating and combusting waste, and calculate the 8-hour block average carbon feed rate in kilograms (or pounds) per hour, based on the selected operating parameter. When calculating the 8-hour block average, do two things:
(1) Exclude hours when the municipal waste combustion unit is not operating.
(2) Include hours when the municipal waste combustion unit is operating but the carbon feed system is not working correctly.
(a) Where continuous parameter monitoring systems are used, obtain 1-hour arithmetic averages for three parameters:
(1) Load level of the municipal waste combustion unit.
(2) Temperature of the flue gases at the inlet of your particulate matter control device.
(3) Carbon feed rate if activated carbon is used to control dioxins/furans or mercury emissions.
(b) Obtain at least two data points per hour in order to calculate a valid 1-hour arithmetic average.
(c) Obtain valid 1-hour averages for at least 75 percent of the operating hours per day for 90 percent of the operating days per calendar quarter. An operating day is any day the unit combusts any municipal solid waste or refuse-derived fuel.
(d) If you do not obtain the minimum data required in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section, you are in violation of the data collection requirement and you must notify the Administrator according to § 60.1410(e).
Recordkeeping
You must keep five types of records:
(a) Materials separation plan and siting analysis.
(b) Operator training and certification.
(c) Stack tests.
(d) Continuously monitored pollutants and parameters.
(e) Carbon feed rate.
(a) Keep all records onsite in paper copy or electronic format unless the Administrator approves another format.
(b) Keep all records on each municipal waste combustion unit for at least 5 years.
(c) Make all records available for submittal to the Administrator, or for onsite review by an inspector.
You must keep records of five items:
(a) The date of each record.
(b) The final materials separation plan.
(c) The siting analysis.
(d) A record of the location and date of the public meetings.
(e) Your responses to the public comments received during the public comment periods.
You must keep records of six items:
(a) Records of provisional certifications. Include three items:
(1) For your municipal waste combustion plant, names of the chief facility operator, shift supervisors, and control room operators who are provisionally certified by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers or an equivalent State-approved certification program.
(2) Dates of the initial provisional certifications.
(3) Documentation showing current provisional certifications.
(b) Records of full certifications. Include three items:
(1) For your municipal waste combustion plant, names of the chief facility operator, shift supervisors, and control room operators who are fully certified by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers or an equivalent State-approved certification program.
(2) Dates of initial and renewal full certifications.
(3) Documentation showing current full certifications.
(c) Records showing completion of the operator training course. Include three items:
(1) For your municipal waste combustion plant, names of the chief facility operator, shift supervisors, and control room operators who have completed the EPA or State municipal waste combustion operator training course.
(2) Dates of completion of the operator training course.
(3) Documentation showing completion of the operator training course.
(d) Records of reviews for plant-specific operating manuals. Include three items:
(1) Names of persons who have reviewed the operating manual.
(2) Date of the initial review.
(3) Dates of subsequent annual reviews.
(e) Records of when a certified operator is temporarily offsite. Include two main items:
(1) If the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are offsite for more than 12 hours, but for 2 weeks or less, and no other certified operator is onsite, record the dates that the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor were offsite.
(2) When the certified chief facility operator and certified shift supervisor are offsite for more than 2 weeks and no other certified operator is onsite, keep records of four items:
(i) Your notice that all certified persons are offsite.
(ii) The conditions that cause those people to be offsite.
(iii) The corrective actions you are taking to ensure a certified chief facility operator or certified shift supervisor is onsite.
(iv) Copies of the written reports submitted every 4 weeks that summarize the actions taken to ensure that a certified chief facility operator or certified shift supervisor will be onsite.
(f) Records of calendar dates. Include the calendar date on each record.
For stack tests required under § 60.1285, you must keep records of four items:
(a) The results of the stack tests for eight pollutants or parameters recorded in the appropriate units of measure specified in Table 1 of this subpart:
(1) Dioxins/furans.
(2) Cadmium.
(3) Lead.
(4) Mercury.
(5) Opacity.
(6) Particulate matter.
(7) Hydrogen chloride.
(8) Fugitive ash.
(b) Test reports including supporting calculations that document the results of all stack tests.
(c) The maximum demonstrated load of your municipal waste combustion units and maximum temperature at the inlet of your particulate matter control device during all stack tests for dioxins/furans emissions.
(d) The calendar date of each record.
You must keep records of eight items:
(a) Records of monitoring data. Document six parameters measured using continuous monitoring systems:
(1) All 6-minute average levels of opacity.
(2) All 1-hour average concentrations of sulfur dioxide emissions.
(3) For Class I municipal waste combustion units only, all 1-hour average concentrations of nitrogen oxides emissions.
(4) All 1-hour average concentrations of carbon monoxide emissions.
(5) All 1-hour average load levels of your municipal waste combustion unit.
(6) All 1-hour average flue gas temperatures at the inlet of the particulate matter control device.
(b) Records of average concentrations and percent reductions. Document five parameters:
(1) All 24-hour daily block geometric average concentrations of sulfur dioxide emissions or average percent reductions of sulfur dioxide emissions.
(2) For Class I municipal waste combustion units only, all 24-hour daily arithmetic average concentrations of nitrogen oxides emissions.
(3) All 4-hour block or 24-hour daily block arithmetic average concentrations of carbon monoxide emissions.
(4) All 4-hour block arithmetic average load levels of your municipal waste combustion unit.
(5) All 4-hour block arithmetic average flue gas temperatures at the inlet of the particulate matter control device.
(c) Records of exceedances. Document three items:
(1) Calendar dates whenever any of the five pollutant or parameter levels recorded in paragraph (b) of this section or the opacity level recorded in paragraph (a)(1) of this section did not meet the emission limits or operating levels specified in this subpart.
(2) Reasons you exceeded the applicable emission limits or operating levels.
(3) Corrective actions you took, or are taking, to meet the emission limits or operating levels.
(d) Records of minimum data. Document three items:
(1) Calendar dates for which you did not collect the minimum amount of data required under §§ 60.1260 and 60.1335. Record the dates for five types of pollutants and parameters:
(i) Sulfur dioxide emissions.
(ii) For Class I municipal waste combustion units only, nitrogen oxides emissions.
(iii) Carbon monoxide emissions.
(iv) Load levels of your municipal waste combustion unit.
(v) Temperatures of the flue gases at the inlet of the particulate matter control device.
(2) Reasons you did not collect the minimum data.
(3) Corrective actions you took, or are taking, to obtain the required amount of data.
(e) Records of exclusions. Document each time you have excluded data from your calculation of averages for any of the following five pollutants or parameters and the reasons the data were excluded:
(1) Sulfur dioxide emissions.
(2) For Class I municipal waste combustion units only, nitrogen oxides emissions.
(3) Carbon monoxide emissions.
(4) Load levels of your municipal waste combustion unit.
(5) Temperatures of the flue gases at the inlet of the particulate matter control device.
(f) Records of drift and accuracy. Document the results of your daily drift tests and quarterly accuracy determinations according to Procedure 1 of appendix F of this part. Keep the records for the sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (Class I municipal waste combustion units only), and carbon monoxide continuous emissions monitoring systems.
(g) Records of the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide. If you choose to monitor carbon dioxide instead of oxygen as a diluent gas, document the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide, as specified in § 60.1255.
(h) Records of calendar dates. Include the calendar date on each record.
For municipal waste combustion units that use activated carbon to control dioxins/furans or mercury emissions, you must keep records of five items:
(a) Records of average carbon feed rate. Document five items:
(1) Average carbon feed rate in kilograms (or pounds) per hour during all stack tests for dioxins/furans and mercury emissions. Include supporting calculations in the records.
(2) For the operating parameter chosen to monitor carbon feed rate, average operating level during all stack tests for dioxins/furans and mercury emissions. Include supporting data that document the relationship between the operating parameter and the carbon feed rate.
(3) All 8-hour block average carbon feed rates in kilograms (or pounds) per hour calculated from the monitored operating parameter.
(4) Total carbon purchased and delivered to the municipal waste combustion plant for each calendar quarter. If you choose to evaluate total carbon purchased and delivered on a municipal waste combustion unit basis, record the total carbon purchased and delivered for each individual municipal waste combustion unit at your plant. Include supporting documentation.
(5) Required quarterly usage of carbon for the municipal waste combustion plant, calculated using equation 4 or 5 in § 60.1460(f). If you choose to evaluate required quarterly usage for carbon on a municipal waste combustion unit basis, record the required quarterly usage for each municipal waste combustion unit at your plant. Include supporting calculations.
(b) Records of low carbon feed rates. Document three items:
(1) The calendar dates when the average carbon feed rate over an 8-hour block was less than the average carbon feed rates determined during the most recent stack test for dioxins/furans or mercury emissions (whichever has a higher feed rate).
(2) Reasons for the low carbon feed rates.
(3) Corrective actions you took or are taking to meet the 8-hour average carbon feed rate requirement.
(c) Records of minimum carbon feed rate data. Document three items:
(1) Calendar dates for which you did not collect the minimum amount of carbon feed rate data required under § 60.1335.
(2) Reasons you did not collect the minimum data.
(3) Corrective actions you took or are taking to get the required amount of data.
(d) Records of exclusions. Document each time you have excluded data from your calculation of average carbon feed rates and the reasons the data were excluded.
(e) Records of calendar dates. Include the calendar date on each record.
Reporting
(a) If you are required to submit an application for a construction permit under 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or 40 CFR part 52, you must submit five items by the date you submit your application.
(1) Your draft materials separation plan, as specified in § 60.1065.
(2) Your revised materials separation plan, as specified in § 60.1085(c).
(3) Your notice of the initial public meeting for your draft materials separation plan, as specified in § 60.1070(b).
(4) A transcript of the initial public meeting, as specified in § 60.1080(f).
(5) The document that summarizes your responses to the public comments you received during the initial public comment period, as specified in § 60.1085(a).
(b) If you are not required to submit an application for a construction permit under 40 CFR part 51, subpart I, or 40 CFR part 52, you must submit the items in paragraph (a) of this section with your notice of construction.
(a) Include ten items:
(1) A statement of your intent to construct the municipal waste combustion unit.
(2) The planned initial startup date of your municipal waste combustion unit.
(3) The types of fuels you plan to combust in your municipal waste combustion unit.
(4) The capacity of your municipal waste combustion unit including supporting capacity calculations, as specified in § 60.1460(d) and (e).
(5) Your siting analysis, as specified in § 60.1125.
(6) Your final materials separation plan, as specified in § 60.1100(b).
(7) Your notice of the second public meeting (siting analysis meeting), as specified in § 60.1130(b).
(8) A transcript of the second public meeting, as specified in § 60.1140(d).
(9) A copy of the document that summarizes your responses to the public comments you received during the second public comment period, as specified in § 60.1145(a).
(10) Your final siting analysis, as specified in § 60.1145(c).
(b) Submit your notice of construction no later than 30 days after you commence construction, reconstruction, or modification of your municipal waste combustion unit.
(a) Submit an initial report and annual reports, plus semiannual reports for any emission or parameter level that does not meet the limits specified in this subpart.
(b) Submit all reports on paper, postmarked on or before the submittal dates in §§ 60.1395, 60.1405, and 60.1420. If the Administrator agrees, you may submit electronic reports.
(c) Keep a copy of all reports required by §§ 60.1400, 60.1410, and 60.1425 onsite for 5 years.
See Tables 1 and 2 of this subpart for appropriate units of measurement.
As specified in § 60.7(c), submit your initial report within 60 days after your municipal waste combustion unit reaches the maximum load level at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after its initial startup.
You must include seven items:
(a) The emission levels measured on the date of the initial evaluation of your continuous emission monitoring systems for all of the following five pollutants or parameters as recorded in accordance with § 60.1365(b).
(1) The 24-hour daily geometric average concentration of sulfur dioxide emissions or the 24-hour daily geometric percent reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions.
(2) For Class I municipal waste combustion units only, the 24-hour daily arithmetic average concentration of nitrogen oxides emissions.
(3) The 4-hour block or 24-hour daily arithmetic average concentration of carbon monoxide emissions.
(4) The 4-hour block arithmetic average load level of your municipal waste combustion unit.
(5) The 4-hour block arithmetic average flue gas temperature at the inlet of the particulate matter control device.
(b) The results of the initial stack tests for eight pollutants or parameters (use appropriate units as specified in Table 2 of this subpart):
(1) Dioxins/furans.
(2) Cadmium.
(3) Lead.
(4) Mercury.
(5) Opacity.
(6) Particulate matter.
(7) Hydrogen chloride.
(8) Fugitive ash.
(c) The test report that documents the initial stack tests including supporting calculations.
(d) The initial performance evaluation of your continuous emissions monitoring systems. Use the applicable performance specifications in appendix B of this part in conducting the evaluation.
(e) The maximum demonstrated load of your municipal waste combustion unit and the maximum demonstrated temperature of the flue gases at the inlet of the particulate matter control device. Use values established during your initial stack test for dioxins/furans emissions and include supporting calculations.
(f) If your municipal waste combustion unit uses activated carbon to control dioxins/furans or mercury emissions, the average carbon feed rates that you recorded during the initial stack tests for dioxins/furans and mercury emissions. Include supporting calculations as specified in § 60.1370(a)(1) and (2).
(g) If you choose to monitor carbon dioxide instead of oxygen as a diluent gas, documentation of the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide, as specified in § 60.1255.
Submit the annual report no later than February 1 of each year that follows the calendar year in which you collected the data. If you have an operating permit for any unit under title V of the Clean Air Act (CAA), the permit may require you to submit semiannual reports. Parts 70 and 71 of this chapter contain program requirements for permits.
Summarize data collected for all pollutants and parameters regulated under this subpart. Your summary must include twelve items:
(a) The results of the annual stack test, using appropriate units, for eight pollutants, as recorded under § 60.1360(a):
(1) Dioxins/furans.
(2) Cadmium.
(3) Lead.
(4) Mercury.
(5) Particulate matter.
(6) Opacity.
(7) Hydrogen chloride.
(8) Fugitive ash.
(b) A list of the highest average levels recorded, in the appropriate units. List the values for five pollutants or parameters:
(1) Sulfur dioxide emissions.
(2) For Class I municipal waste combustion units only, nitrogen oxides emissions.
(3) Carbon monoxide emissions.
(4) Load level of the municipal waste combustion unit.
(5) Temperature of the flue gases at the inlet of the particulate matter air pollution control device (4-hour block average).
(c) The highest 6-minute opacity level measured. Base the value on all 6-minute average opacity levels recorded by your continuous opacity monitoring system (§ 60.1365(a)(1)).
(d) For municipal waste combustion units that use activated carbon for controlling dioxins/furans or mercury emissions, include four records:
(1) The average carbon feed rates recorded during the most recent dioxins/furans and mercury stack tests.
(2) The lowest 8-hour block average carbon feed rate recorded during the year.
(3) The total carbon purchased and delivered to the municipal waste combustion plant for each calendar quarter. If you choose to evaluate total carbon purchased and delivered on a municipal waste combustion unit basis, record the total carbon purchased and delivered for each individual municipal waste combustion unit at your plant.
(4) The required quarterly carbon usage of your municipal waste combustion plant calculated using equation 4 or 5 in § 60.1460(f). If you choose to evaluate required quarterly usage for carbon on a municipal waste combustion unit basis, record the required quarterly usage for each municipal waste combustion unit at your plant.
(e) The total number of days that you did not obtain the minimum number of hours of data for six pollutants or parameters. Include the reasons you did not obtain the data and corrective actions that you have taken to obtain the data in the future. Include data on:
(1) Sulfur dioxide emissions.
(2) For Class I municipal waste combustion units only, nitrogen oxides emissions.
(3) Carbon monoxide emissions.
(4) Load level of the municipal waste combustion unit.
(5) Temperature of the flue gases at the inlet of the particulate matter air pollution control device.
(6) Carbon feed rate.
(f) The number of hours you have excluded data from the calculation of average levels (include the reasons for excluding it). Include data for six pollutants or parameters:
(1) Sulfur dioxide emissions.
(2) For Class I municipal waste combustion units only, nitrogen oxides emissions.
(3) Carbon monoxide emissions.
(4) Load level of the municipal waste combustion unit.
(5) Temperature of the flue gases at the inlet of the particulate matter air pollution control device.
(6) Carbon feed rate.
(g) A notice of your intent to begin a reduced stack testing schedule for dioxins/furans emissions during the following calendar year, if you are eligible for alternative scheduling (§ 60.1305(a) or (b)).
(h) A notice of your intent to begin a reduced stack testing schedule for other pollutants during the following calendar year if you are eligible for alternative scheduling (§ 60.1305(a)).
(i) A summary of any emission or parameter level that did not meet the limits specified in this subpart.
(j) A summary of the data in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section from the year preceding the reporting year which gives the Administrator a summary of the performance of the municipal waste combustion unit over a 2-year period.
(k) If you choose to monitor carbon dioxide instead of oxygen as a diluent gas, documentation of the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide, as specified in § 60.1255.
(l) Documentation of periods when all certified chief facility operators and certified shift supervisors are offsite for more than 12 hours.
You must submit a semiannual report on any recorded emission or parameter level that does not meet the requirements specified in this subpart.
(a) For data collected during the first half of a calendar year, submit your semiannual report by August 1 of that year.
(b) For data you collected during the second half of the calendar year, submit your semiannual report by February 1 of the following year.
You must include three items in the semiannual report:
(a) For any of the following six pollutants or parameters that exceeded the limits specified in this subpart, include the calendar date they exceeded the limits, the averaged and recorded data for that date, the reasons for exceeding the limits, and your corrective actions:
(1) Concentration or percent reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions.
(2) For Class I municipal waste combustion units only, concentration of nitrogen oxides emissions.
(3) Concentration of carbon monoxide emissions.
(4) Load level of your municipal waste combustion unit.
(5) Temperature of the flue gases at the inlet of your particulate matter air pollution control device.
(6) Average 6-minute opacity level. The data obtained from your continuous opacity monitoring system are not used to determine compliance with the limit on opacity emissions.
(b) If the results of your annual stack tests (as recorded in § 60.1360(a)) show emissions above the limits specified in Table 1 of this subpart for dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride, and fugitive ash, include a copy of the test report that documents the emission levels and your corrective actions.
(c) For municipal waste combustion units that apply activated carbon to control dioxins/furans or mercury emissions, include two items:
(1) Documentation of all dates when the 8-hour block average carbon feed rate (calculated from the carbon injection system operating parameter) is less than the highest carbon feed rate established during the most recent mercury and dioxins/furans stack test (as specified in § 60.1370(a)(1)). Include four items:
(i) Eight-hour average carbon feed rate.
(ii) Reasons for occurrences of low carbon feed rates.
(iii) The corrective actions you have taken to meet the carbon feed rate requirement.
(iv) The calendar date.
(2) Documentation of each quarter when total carbon purchased and delivered to the municipal waste combustion plant is less than the total required quarterly usage of carbon. If you choose to evaluate total carbon purchased and delivered on a municipal waste combustion unit basis, record the total carbon purchased and delivered for each individual municipal waste combustion unit at your plant. Include five items:
(i) Amount of carbon purchased and delivered to the plant.
(ii) Required quarterly usage of carbon.
(iii) Reasons for not meeting the required quarterly usage of carbon.
(iv) The corrective actions you have taken to meet the required quarterly usage of carbon.
(v) The calendar date.
(a) If the Administrator agrees, you may change the semiannual or annual reporting dates.
(b) See § 60.19(c) for procedures to seek approval to change your reporting date.
Air Curtain Incinerators that Burn 100 Percent Yard Waste
An air curtain incinerator operates by forcefully projecting a curtain of air across an open chamber or open pit in which combustion occurs. Incinerators of that type can be constructed above or below ground and with or without refractory walls and floor.
Yard waste is grass, grass clippings, bushes, shrubs, and clippings from bushes and shrubs. They come from residential, commercial/retail, institutional, or industrial sources as part of maintaining yards or other private or public lands. Yard waste does not include two items:
(a) Construction, renovation, and demolition wastes that are exempt from the definition of “municipal solid waste” in § 60.1465.
(b) Clean wood that is exempt from the definition of “municipal solid waste” in § 60.1465.
If your air curtain incinerator combusts 100 percent yard waste, you must meet only the emission limits in this section.
(a) Within 60 days after your air curtain incinerator reaches the maximum load level at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after its initial startup, you must meet two limits:
(1) The opacity limit is 10 percent (6-minute average) for air curtain incinerators that can combust at least 35 tons per day of municipal solid waste and no more than 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste.
(2) The opacity limit is 35 percent (6-minute average) during the startup period that is within the first 30 minutes of operation.
(b) Except during malfunctions, the requirements of this subpart apply at all times. Each malfunction must not exceed 3 hours.
(a) Use EPA Reference Method 9 in appendix A of this part to determine compliance with the opacity limit.
(b) Conduct an initial test for opacity as specified in § 60.8.
(c) After the initial test for opacity, conduct annual tests no more than 13 calendar months following the date of your previous test.
(a) Provide a notice of construction that includes four items:
(1) Your intent to construct the air curtain incinerator.
(2) Your planned initial startup date.
(3) Types of fuels you plan to combust in your air curtain incinerator.
(4) The capacity of your incinerator, including supporting capacity calculations, as specified in § 60.1460(d) and (e).
(b) Keep records of results of all opacity tests onsite in either paper copy or electronic format unless the Administrator approves another format.
(c) Keep all records for each incinerator for at least 5 years.
(d) Make all records available for submittal to the Administrator or for onsite review by an inspector.
(e) Submit the results (each 6-minute average) of the opacity tests by February 1 of the year following the year of the opacity emission test.
(f) Submit reports as a paper copy on or before the applicable submittal date. If the Administrator agrees, you may submit reports on electronic media.
(g) If the Administrator agrees, you may change the annual reporting dates (see § 60.19(c)).
(h) Keep a copy of all reports onsite for a period of 5 years.
Equations
(a) Concentration correction to 7 percent oxygen. Correct any pollutant concentration to 7 percent oxygen using equation 1 of this section:
C 7 % = Cunc * (13.9) * (1/(20.9−CO2)) (Eq.1)
Where:
C 7 % = concentration corrected to 7 percent oxygen.
Cunc = uncorrected pollutant concentration.
CO2 = concentration of oxygen (percent).
(b) Percent reduction in potential mercury emissions. Calculate the percent reduction in potential mercury emissions (%P Hg) using equation 2 of this section:
%PHg = (Ei−o) * (100/Ei) (Eq. 2)
Where:
%PHg = percent reduction of potential mercury emissions
Ei = mercury emission concentration as measured at the air pollution control device inlet, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, dry basis
Eo = mercury emission concentration as measured at the air pollution control device outlet, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, dry basis
(c) Percent reduction in potential hydrogen chloride emissions. Calculate the percent reduction in potential hydrogen chloride emissions (%PHC1) using equation 3 of this section:
%PHC1 = (Ei − Eo) * (100/Ei) (Eq. 3)
Where:
%PHC1 = percent reduction of the potential hydrogen chloride emissions
EI = hydrogen chloride emission concentration as measured at the air pollution control device inlet, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, dry basis
EO = hydrogen chloride emission concentration as measured at the air pollution control device outlet, corrected to 7 percent oxygen, dry basis
(d) Capacity of a municipal waste combustion unit. For a municipal waste combustion unit that can operate continuously for 24-hour periods, calculate the municipal waste combustion unit capacity based on 24 hours of operation at the maximum charge rate. To determine the maximum charge rate, use one of two methods:
(1) For municipal waste combustion units with a design based on heat input capacity, calculate the maximum charging rate based on the maximum heat input capacity and one of two heating values:
(i) If your municipal waste combustion unit combusts refuse-derived fuel, use a heating value of 12,800 kilojoules per kilogram (5,500 British thermal units per pound).
(ii) If your municipal waste combustion unit combusts municipal solid waste, use a heating value of 10,500 kilojoules per kilogram (4,500 British thermal units per pound).
(2) For municipal waste combustion units with a design not based on heat input capacity, use the maximum designed charging rate.
(e) Capacity of a batch municipal waste combustion unit. Calculate the capacity of a batch municipal waste combustion unit as the maximum design amount of municipal solid waste they can charge per batch multiplied by the maximum number of batches they can process in 24 hours. Calculate the maximum number of batches by dividing 24 by the number of hours needed to process one batch. Retain fractional batches in the calculation. For example, if one batch requires 16 hours, the municipal waste combustion unit can combust 24/16, or 1.5 batches, in 24 hours.
(f) Quarterly carbon usage. If you use activated carbon to comply with the dioxins/furans or mercury limits, calculate the required quarterly usage of carbon using equation 4 of this section for plant basis or equation 5 of this section for unit basis:
(1) Plant basis.
Where:
C = required quarterly carbon usage for the plant in kilograms (or pounds).
fi = required carbon feed rate for the municipal waste combustion unit in kilograms (or pounds) per hour. That is the average carbon feed rate during the most recent mercury or dioxins/furans stack tests (whichever has a higher feed rate).
hi = number of hours the municipal waste combustion unit was in operation during the calendar quarter (hours).
n = number of municipal waste combustion units, i, located at your plant.
(2) Unit basis.
Where:
C = required quarterly carbon usage for the unit in kilograms (or pounds).
f = required carbon feed rate for the municipal waste combustion unit in kilograms (or pounds) per hour. That is the average carbon feed rate during the most recent mercury or dioxins/furans stack tests (whichever has a higher feed rate).
h = number of hours the municipal waste combustion unit was in operation during the calendar quarter (hours).
Definitions
Terms used but not defined in this section are defined in the CAA and in subparts A and B of this part.
Administrator means the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or his/her authorized representative or the Administrator of a State Air Pollution Control Agency.
Air curtain incinerator means an incinerator that operates by forcefully projecting a curtain of air across an open chamber or pit in which combustion occurs. Incinerators of that type can be constructed above or below ground and with or without refractory walls and floor.
Batch municipal waste combustion unit means a municipal waste combustion unit designed so it cannot combust municipal solid waste continuously 24 hours per day because the design does not allow waste to be fed to the unit or ash to be removed during combustion.
Calendar quarter means three consecutive months (nonoverlapping) beginning on: January 1, April 1, July 1, or October 1.
Calendar year means 365 (or 366 consecutive days for leap years) consecutive days starting on January 1 and ending on December 31.
Chief facility operator means the person in direct charge and control of the operation of a municipal waste combustion unit. That person is responsible for daily onsite supervision, technical direction, management, and overall performance of the municipal waste combustion unit.
Class I units mean small municipal waste combustion units subject to this subpart that are located at municipal waste combustion plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity greater than 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste. See the definition in this section of “municipal waste combustion plant capacity” for specification of which units at a plant site are included in the aggregate capacity calculation.
Class II units mean small municipal waste combustion units subject to this subpart that are located at municipal waste combustion plants with an aggregate plant combustion capacity less than or equal to 250 tons per day of municipal solid waste. See the definition in this section of “municipal waste combustion plant capacity” for specification of which units at a plant site are included in the aggregate capacity calculation.
Clean wood means untreated wood or untreated wood products including clean untreated lumber, tree stumps (whole or chipped), and tree limbs (whole or chipped). Clean wood does not include two items:
(1) “Yard waste,” which is defined elsewhere in this section.
(2) Construction, renovation, or demolition wastes (for example, railroad ties and telephone poles) that are exempt from the definition of “municipal solid waste” in this section.
Co-fired combustion unit means a unit that combusts municipal solid waste with nonmunicipal solid waste fuel (for example, coal, industrial process waste). To be considered a co-fired combustion unit, the unit must be subject to a federally enforceable permit that limits it to combusting a fuel feed stream which is 30 percent or less (by weight) municipal solid waste as measured each calendar quarter.
Continuous burning means the continuous, semicontinuous, or batch feeding of municipal solid waste to dispose of the waste, produce energy, or provide heat to the combustion system in preparation for waste disposal or energy production. Continuous burning does not mean the use of municipal solid waste solely to thermally protect the grate or hearth during the startup period when municipal solid waste is not fed to the grate or hearth.
Continuous emission monitoring system means a monitoring system that continuously measures the emissions of a pollutant from a municipal waste combustion unit.
Dioxins/furans mean tetra- through octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
Eight-hour block average means the average of all hourly emission concentrations or parameter levels when the municipal waste combustion unit operates and combusts municipal solid waste measured over any of three 8-hour periods of time:
(1) 12:00 midnight to 8:00 a.m.
(2) 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
(3) 4:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight.
Federally enforceable means all limits and conditions the Administrator can enforce (including the requirements of 40 CFR parts 60, 61, and 63), requirements in a State's implementation plan, and any permit requirements established under 40 CFR 52.21 or under 40 CFR 51.18 and 40 CFR 51.24.
First calendar half means the period that starts on January 1 and ends on June 30 in any year.
Fluidized bed combustion unit means a unit where municipal waste is combusted in a fluidized bed of material. The fluidized bed material may remain in the primary combustion zone or may be carried out of the primary combustion zone and returned through a recirculation loop.
Four-hour block average or 4-hour block average means the average of all hourly emission concentrations or parameter levels when the municipal waste combustion unit operates and combusts municipal solid waste measured over any of six 4-hour periods:
(1) 12:00 midnight to 4:00 a.m.
(2) 4:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m.
(3) 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon.
(4) 12:00 noon to 4:00 p.m.
(5) 4:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.
(6) 8:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight.
Mass burn refractory municipal waste combustion unit means a field-erected municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal solid waste in a refractory wall furnace. Unless otherwise specified, that includes municipal waste combustion units with a cylindrical rotary refractory wall furnace.
Mass burn rotary waterwall municipal waste combustion unit means a field-erected municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal solid waste in a cylindrical rotary waterwall furnace.
Mass burn waterwall municipal waste combustion unit means a field-erected municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal solid waste in a waterwall furnace.
Materials separation plan means a plan that identifies a goal and an approach for separating certain components of municipal solid waste for a given service area in order to make the separated materials available for recycling. A materials separation plan may include three items:
(1) Elements such as dropoff facilities, buy-back or deposit-return incentives, curbside pickup programs, or centralized mechanical separation systems.
(2) Different goals or approaches for different subareas in the service area.
(3) No materials separation activities for certain subareas or, if warranted, the entire service area.
Maximum demonstrated load of a municipal waste combustion unit means the highest 4-hour block arithmetic average municipal waste combustion unit load achieved during 4 consecutive hours in the course of the most recent dioxins/furans stack test that demonstrates compliance with the applicable emission limit for dioxins/furans specified in this subpart.
Maximum demonstrated temperature of the particulate matter control device means the highest 4-hour block arithmetic average flue gas temperature measured at the inlet of the particulate matter control device during 4 consecutive hours in the course of the most recent stack test for dioxins/furans emissions that demonstrates compliance with the limits specified in this subpart.
Medical/infectious waste means any waste meeting the definition of “medical/infectious waste” in § 60.51c of subpart E, of this part.
Mixed fuel-fired (pulverized coal/refuse-derived fuel) combustion unit means a combustion unit that combusts coal and refuse-derived fuel simultaneously, in which pulverized coal is introduced into an air stream that carries the coal to the combustion chamber of the unit where it is combusted in suspension. That includes both conventional pulverized coal and micropulverized coal.
Modification or modified municipal waste combustion unit means a municipal waste combustion unit you have changed after June 6, 2001 and that meets one of two criteria:
(1) The cumulative cost of the changes over the life of the unit exceeds 50 percent of the original cost of building and installing the unit (not including the cost of land) updated to current costs.
(2) Any physical change in the municipal waste combustion unit or change in the method of operating it that increases the emission level of any air pollutant for which new source performance standards have been established under section 129 or section 111 of the CAA. Increases in the emission level of any air pollutant are determined when the municipal waste combustion unit operates at 100 percent of its physical load capability and are measured downstream of all air pollution control devices. Load restrictions based on permits or other nonphysical operational restrictions cannot be considered in the determination.
Modular excess-air municipal waste combustion unit means a municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal solid waste, is not field-erected, and has multiple combustion chambers, all of which are designed to operate at conditions with combustion air amounts in excess of theoretical air requirements.
Modular starved-air municipal waste combustion unit means a municipal waste combustion unit that combusts municipal solid waste, is not field-erected, and has multiple combustion chambers in which the primary combustion chamber is designed to operate at substoichiometric conditions.
Municipal solid waste or municipal-type solid waste means household, commercial/retail, or institutional waste. Household waste includes material discarded by residential dwellings, hotels, motels, and other similar permanent or temporary housing. Commercial/retail waste includes material discarded by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, nonmanufacturing activities at industrial facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Institutional waste includes materials discarded by schools, by hospitals (nonmedical), by nonmanufacturing activities at prisons and government facilities, and other similar establishments or facilities. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does include yard waste and refuse-derived fuel. Household, commercial/retail, and institutional waste does not include used oil; sewage sludge; wood pallets; construction, renovation, and demolition wastes (which include railroad ties and telephone poles); clean wood; industrial process or manufacturing wastes; medical waste; or motor vehicles (including motor vehicle parts or vehicle fluff).
Municipal waste combustion plant means one or more municipal waste combustion units at the same location as specified under Applicability (§ 60.1015(a)and (b)).
Municipal waste combustion plant capacity means the aggregate municipal waste combustion capacity of all municipal waste combustion units at the plant that are subject to subparts Ea or Eb of this part, or this subpart.
Municipal waste combustion unit means any setting or equipment that combusts solid, liquid, or gasified municipal solid waste including, but not limited to, field-erected combustion units (with or without heat recovery), modular combustion units (starved-air or excess-air), boilers (for example, steam generating units), furnaces (whether suspension-fired, grate-fired, mass-fired, air curtain incinerators, or fluidized bed-fired), and pyrolysis/combustion units. Two criteria further define municipal waste combustion units:
(1) Municipal waste combustion units do not include pyrolysis or combustion units located at a plastics or rubber recycling unit as specified under Applicability (§ 60.1020(h) and (i)). Municipal waste combustion units also do not include cement kilns that combust municipal solid waste as specified under Applicability (§ 60.1020(j)). Municipal waste combustion units also do not include internal combustion engines, gas turbines, or other combustion devices that combust landfill gases collected by landfill gas collection systems.
(2) The boundaries of a municipal waste combustion unit are defined as follows. The municipal waste combustion unit includes, but is not limited to, the municipal solid waste fuel feed system, grate system, flue gas system, bottom ash system, and the combustion unit water system. The municipal waste combustion unit does not include air pollution control equipment, the stack, water treatment equipment, or the turbine-generator set. The municipal waste combustion unit boundary starts at the municipal solid waste pit or hopper and extends through three areas:
(i) The combustion unit flue gas system, which ends immediately after the heat recovery equipment or, if there is no heat recovery equipment, immediately after the combustion chamber.
(ii) The combustion unit bottom ash system, which ends at the truck loading station or similar equipment that transfers the ash to final disposal. It includes all ash handling systems connected to the bottom ash handling system.
(iii) The combustion unit water system, which starts at the feed water pump and ends at the piping that exits the steam drum or superheater.
Particulate matter means total particulate matter emitted from municipal waste combustion units as measured using EPA Reference Method 5 in appendix A of this part and the procedures specified in § 60.1300.
Plastics or rubber recycling unit means an integrated processing unit for which plastics, rubber, or rubber tires are the only feed materials (incidental contaminants may be in the feed materials). The feed materials are processed and marketed to become input feed stock for chemical plants or petroleum refineries. The following three criteria further define a plastics or rubber recycling unit:
(1) Each calendar quarter, the combined weight of the feed stock that a plastics or rubber recycling unit produces must be more than 70 percent of the combined weight of the plastics, rubber, and rubber tires that recycling unit processes.
(2) The plastics, rubber, or rubber tires fed to the recycling unit may originate from separating or diverting plastics, rubber, or rubber tires from municipal or industrial solid waste. The feed materials may include manufacturing scraps, trimmings, and off-specification plastics, rubber, and rubber tire discards.
(3) The plastics, rubber, and rubber tires fed to the recycling unit may contain incidental contaminants (for example, paper labels on plastic bottles or metal rings on plastic bottle caps).
Potential hydrogen chloride emissions means the level of emissions from a municipal waste combustion unit that would occur from combusting municipal solid waste without emission controls for acid gases.
Potential mercury emissions means the level of emissions from a municipal waste combustion unit that would occur from combusting municipal solid waste without controls for mercury emissions.
Potential sulfur dioxide emissions means the level of emissions from a municipal waste combustion unit that would occur from combusting municipal solid waste without emission controls for acid gases.
Pyrolysis/combustion unit means a unit that produces gases, liquids, or solids by heating municipal solid waste. The gases, liquids, or solids produced are combusted and the emissions vented to the atmosphere.
Reconstruction means rebuilding a municipal waste combustion unit and meeting two criteria:
(1) The reconstruction begins after June 6, 2001.
(2) The cumulative cost of the construction over the life of the unit exceeds 50 percent of the original cost of building and installing the municipal waste combustion unit (not including land) updated to current costs (current dollars). To determine what systems are within the boundary of the municipal waste combustion unit used to calculate those costs, see the definition in this section of “municipal waste combustion unit.”
Refractory unit or refractory wall furnace means a municipal waste combustion unit that has no energy recovery (such as through a waterwall) in the furnace of the municipal waste combustion unit.
Refuse-derived fuel means a type of municipal solid waste produced by processing municipal solid waste through shredding and size classification. That includes all classes of refuse-derived fuel including two fuels:
(1) Low-density fluff refuse-derived fuel through densified refuse-derived fuel.
(2) Pelletized refuse-derived fuel.
Same location means the same or contiguous properties under common ownership or control, including those separated only by a street, road, highway, or other public right-of-way. Common ownership or control includes properties that are owned, leased, or operated by the same entity, parent entity, subsidiary, subdivision, or any combination thereof. Entities may include a municipality, other governmental unit, or any quasi-governmental authority (for example, a public utility district or regional authority for waste disposal).
Second calendar half means the period that starts on July 1 and ends on December 31 in any year.
Shift supervisor means the person who is in direct charge and control of operating a municipal waste combustion unit and who is responsible for onsite supervision, technical direction, management, and overall performance of the municipal waste combustion unit during an assigned shift.
Spreader stoker, mixed fuel-fired (coal/refuse-derived fuel) combustion unit means a municipal waste combustion unit that combusts coal and refuse-derived fuel simultaneously, in which coal is introduced to the combustion zone by a mechanism that throws the fuel onto a grate from above. Combustion takes place both in suspension and on the grate.
Standard conditions when referring to units of measure mean a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 101.3 kilopascals.
Startup period means the period when a municipal waste combustion unit begins the continuous combustion of municipal solid waste. It does not include any warmup period during which the municipal waste combustion unit combusts fossil fuel or other solid waste fuel but receives no municipal solid waste.
Stoker (refuse-derived fuel) combustion unit means a steam generating unit that combusts refuse-derived fuel in a semisuspension combusting mode, using air-fed distributors.
Total mass dioxins/furans or total mass means the total mass of tetra-through octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans as determined using EPA Reference Method 23 in appendix A of this part and the procedures specified in § 60.1300.
Twenty-four hour daily average or 24-hour daily average means either the arithmetic mean or geometric mean (as specified) of all hourly emission concentrations when the municipal waste combustion unit operates and combusts municipal solid waste measured during the 24 hours between 12:00 midnight and the following midnight.
Untreated lumber means wood or wood products that have been cut or shaped and include wet, air-dried, and kiln-dried wood products. Untreated lumber does not include wood products that have been painted, pigment-stained, or pressure-treated by compounds such as chromate copper arsenate, pentachlorophenol, and creosote.
Waterwall furnace means a municipal waste combustion unit that has energy (heat) recovery in the furnace (for example, radiant heat transfer section) of the combustion unit.
Yard waste means grass, grass clippings, bushes, shrubs, and clippings from bushes and shrubs. They come from residential, commercial/retail, institutional, or industrial sources as part of maintaining yards or other private or public lands. Yard waste does not include two items:
(1) Construction, renovation, and demolition wastes that are exempt from the definition of “municipal solid waste” in this section.
(2) Clean wood that is exempt from the definition of “municipal solid waste” in this section.
Tables
Table 1 of Subpart AAAA—Emission Limits for New Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units
Table 2 of Subpart AAAA—Carbon Monoxide Emission Limits for New Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units
Table 3 of Subpart AAAA—Requirements for Validating Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
Table 4 of Subpart AAAA—Requirements for Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
Table 5 of Subpart AAAA—Requirements for Stack Tests
[FR Doc. 00-30003 Filed 12-5-00; 8:45 am]
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