AGENCY:
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION:
Proposed rule.
SUMMARY:
This action proposes national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for solvent extraction for vegetable oil production. This industry is comprised of facilities that produce crude vegetable oil and meal products by removing oil from listed oilseeds through direct contact with an organic solvent. The EPA has identified solvent extraction for vegetable oil production processes as major sources of a single hazardous air pollutant (HAP), n-hexane.
The EPA does not consider n-hexane classifiable as a human carcinogen. However, short-term exposure to high levels of n-hexane is reported to cause reactions such as irritations, dizziness, headaches, and nausea. Long-term exposure can cause permanent nerve damage.
This proposed rule will require all existing and new solvent extraction for vegetable oil production processes that are major sources (have the potential to emit 10 tons per year (tpy) or more of n-hexane) to meet HAP emission standards reflecting the application of the maximum achievable control technology (MACT). The EPA estimates that this proposed rule will reduce nationwide emissions of n-hexane from solvent extraction for vegetable oil production processes by approximately 6,800 tons per year (tpy). The emissions reductions achieved by these NESHAP, when combined with the emissions reductions achieved by other similar standards, will provide protection to the public and achieve a primary goal of the Clean Air Act (CAA).
DATES:
Comments. Submit comments on or before July 25, 2000.
Public Hearing. If anyone contacts the EPA requesting to speak at a public hearing by June 15, 2000, a public hearing will be held on June 26, 2000.
ADDRESSES:
Comments. Submit written comments (in duplicate if possible) to: Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center (6102), Attention Docket Number A-97-59, Room M-1500, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460. The EPA requests a separate copy also be sent to the contact person listed in FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. Be sure to include the docket number, A-97-59, on your comments.
Public Hearing. If a public hearing is held, it will be held at 10:00 a.m. in the EPA's Office of Administration Auditorium, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, or at an alternate site nearby.
Docket. Docket No. A-97-59 contains supporting information used in developing the standards. The docket is located at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street, SW, Washington, DC 20460 in room M-1500, Waterside Mall (ground floor), and may be inspected from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Mr. James F. Durham, Waste & Chemical Processes Group, Emission Standards Division, (MD-13), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; telephone number (919) 541-5672; facsimile number (919) 541-0246; electronic mail address “durham.jim@epa.gov.”
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Comments. Comments and data may be submitted by electronic mail (e-mail) to: a-and-r-docket@epamail.epa.gov. Comments submitted by e-mail must be submitted as an ASCII file to avoid the use of special characters and encryption problems. Comments will also be accepted on disks in WordPerfect® version 5.1, 6.1, or 8 file format. All comments and data submitted in electronic form must note the docket number: A-97-59. No confidential business information (CBI) should be submitted by e-mail. Electronic comments may be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries.
Commenters wishing to submit proprietary information for consideration must clearly distinguish such information from other comments and clearly label it as CBI. Send submissions containing such proprietary information directly to the following address, and not to the public docket, to ensure that proprietary information is not inadvertently placed in the docket: Attention: Mr. James F. Durham, c/o OAQPS Document Control Officer (Room 740B), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 411 W. Chapel Hill Street, Durham, NC 27701. The EPA will disclose information identified as CBI only to the extent allowed by the procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B. If no claim of confidentiality accompanies a submission when it is received by the EPA, the information may be made available to the public without further notice to the commenter.
Public Hearing. A request for a public hearing must be made by the date specified under the DATES section. Persons interested in presenting oral testimony or inquiring as to whether a hearing is to be held should contact Mr. James F. Durham via the information listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT at least 2 days in advance of the public hearing. Persons interested in attending the public hearing must also call Mr. James F. Durham to verify the time, date, and location of the hearing. The public hearing will provide interested parties the opportunity to present data, views, or arguments concerning these proposed emission standards.
Docket. The docket is an organized and complete file of all the information considered in the development of this rulemaking. The docket is a dynamic file because material is added throughout the rulemaking process. The docketing system is intended to allow members of the public and industries involved to readily identify and locate documents so that they can effectively participate in the rulemaking process. Along with the proposed and promulgated standards and their preambles, the contents of the docket will serve as the record in the case of judicial review. (See section 307(d)(7)(A) of the CAA.) The regulatory text and other materials related to this rulemaking are available for review in the docket or copies may be mailed on request from the Air Docket by calling (202) 260-7548. A reasonable fee may be charged for copying docket materials.
World Wide Web (WWW). In addition to being available in the docket, an electronic copy of today's proposed rule will also be available on the WWW through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Following signature, a copy of the rule will be posted on the TTN's policy and guidance page for newly proposed or promulgated rules http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg. The TTN provides information and technology exchange in various areas of air pollution control. If more information regarding the TTN is needed, call the TTN HELP line at (919) 541-5384.
Regulated Entities. If your facility produces vegetable oil from corn germ, cottonseed, flax, peanuts, rapeseed (for example, canola), safflower, soybeans, or sunflower, it may be a “regulated entity.” Categories and entities potentially regulated by this action include:
| Category | SIC code | NAICS | Examples of regulated entities |
|---|---|---|---|
| Industry | 2074 | 311223 | Cottonseed oil mills. |
| 2075 | 311222 | Soybean oil mills. | |
| 2076 | 311223 | Other vegetable oil mills, excluding soybeans and cottonseed mills. | |
| 2079 | 311223 | Other vegetable oil mills, excluding soybeans and cottonseed mills. | |
| 2048 | 311119 | Prepared feeds and feed ingredients for animals and fowls, excluding dogs and cats. | |
| 2041 | 311221 | Flour and other grain mill product mills. | |
| 2046 | 311221 | Wet corn milling. | |
| Federal government | Not affected. | ||
| State/local/tribal government | Not affected. |
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather a guide regarding entities likely to be regulated by this action. To determine whether your facility is regulated by this action, you should examine the applicability criteria in § 63.2832 of the proposed rule. If you have any questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
Outline. The information presented in this preamble is organized as follows:
I. What is the subject and purpose of this rule?
A. What pollutant emissions will be reduced?
B. What are the health effects of these pollutants?
II. Am I subject to this rule?
III. Have these sources been regulated in the past?
IV. What procedures did we follow in developing the proposed rule?
V. What are the regulatory requirements for MACT?
VI. How was MACT determined?
VII. What are the proposed emission standards?
VIII. How do I demonstrate compliance?
IX. What are the recordkeeping requirements?
A. What is a plan for demonstrating compliance?
B. What is a startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan?
C. What data must I record?
X. What are the reporting requirements?
A. What notifications must I submit?
B. What reports must I submit?
XI. What are the environmental, energy, cost and economic impacts?
XII. What are the administrative requirements for this rule?
A. Executive Order 12866, Significant Regulatory Action
B. Executive Order 13132, Federalism
C. Executive Order 13084, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments
D. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
F. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) as amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.
G. Paperwork Reduction Act
H. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995
I. What Is the Subject and Purpose of This Rule?
The CAA requires EPA to establish standards to control HAP emissions from source categories listed under the authority of section 112(c) of the CAA. An initial source category list was published in the Federal Register on July 16, 1992 (57 FR 31576), and it included the “vegetable oil production” source category. We have identified 106 existing facilities in the source category.
For purposes of the proposed rule, the title has been changed to “solvent extraction for vegetable oil production” to better describe the effected population. The source category list will be amended to reflect this name change in a separate action. For the remainder of this preamble and in the regulatory text, solvent extraction for vegetable oil production processes is called vegetable oil production processes.
The purpose of the proposed rule is to reduce HAP emissions, namely n-hexane, from major sources that produce vegetable oil. A major source is one with the potential to emit at least 10 tpy of any one HAP or 25 tpy of any combined HAP. We estimate that all 106 of the existing facilities are major sources of HAP emissions, and the baseline emissions of n-hexane from this source category are approximately 27,400 tpy. We estimate the proposed rule will reduce baseline HAP emissions from this source category by approximately 6,800 tpy (25 percent).
A. What Pollutant Emissions Will Be Reduced?
The predominate emissions from solvent extraction for vegetable oil production processes include n-hexane (a HAP) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Currently, all existing solvent extraction for vegetable oil production processes use a hexane-based extraction solvent that consists primarily (on average 64 percent) of n-hexane, the only HAP. The remaining portion of the solvent consists of hexane isomers which are categorized as VOC. The proposed rule includes requirements to specifically reduce emissions of n-hexane. The process of controlling n-hexane emissions also reduces emissions of VOC.
B. What Are the Health Effects of These Pollutants?
Reported effects on humans from short-term exposure to high levels of n-hexane include irritation of eyes, mucous membranes, throat and skin, as well as impairment of the central nervous system (CNS) including dizziness, giddiness, headaches, and slight nausea. Long-term human exposure from inhalation is associated with a slowing of peripheral nerve signal conduction which causes numbness in the extremities and muscular weakness, as well as changes to the retina which causes blurred vision. Animal exposures to n-hexane have resulted in damage to nasal, respiratory tract, lung and peripheral nerve tissues, as well as effects on the CNS. No information is available on n-hexane effects on human reproduction or development. Limited laboratory animal data indicate a potential for testicular damage in adults, while several animal studies show no effect on fetal development. Due to a lack of information for humans and inadequate animal evidence, EPA does not consider n-hexane classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.
We recognize that the degree of adverse effects to human health from exposure to n-hexane can range from mild to severe. The extent and degree to which the human health effects may be experienced is dependent upon (1) the ambient concentration observed in the area (as influenced by emission rates, meteorological conditions, and terrain); (2) the frequency of and duration of exposures; (3) characteristics of exposed individuals (genetics, age, preexisting health conditions, and lifestyle), which vary significantly with the population; and (4) pollutant-specific characteristics (toxicity, half-life in the environment, bioaccumulation, and persistence.)
The proposed rule reduces non-HAP VOC emissions as well. Emissions of VOC have been associated with a variety of health and welfare impacts. Volatile organic compound emissions, together with nitrogen oxides, are precursors to the formation of tropospheric ozone, or smog. Exposure to ambient ozone is responsible for a series of public health impacts, such as alterations in lung capacity; eye, nose, and throat irritation; nausea; and aggravation of existing respiratory disease. Ozone exposure can also damage forests and crops.
II. Am I Subject to This Rule?
The proposed rule applies to you if you own or operate any facility with a solvent extraction for vegetable oil production process that is a major source of HAP emissions and processes any combination of listed oilseed. Listed oilseeds refers only to the following agricultural products: corn germ, cottonseed, flax, peanut, rapeseed (for example, canola), safflower, soybean, or sunflower. A solvent extraction for vegetable oil production process is defined in § 63.2872 of the proposed rule as the collection of continuous process equipment and activities that produce crude vegetable oil and meal products by removing oil from listed oilseeds through direct contact with an organic solvent, such as a hexane isomer blend.
III. Have These Sources Been Regulated in the Past?
This is the first Federal regulation affecting air emissions from solvent extraction for vegetable oil production processes.
IV. What Procedures Did We Follow in Developing the Proposed Rule?
First, we identified the types of emission points within the source category that may potentially release HAP. A total of nine emission points were identified including:
(1) Exhaust from the mineral oil adsorber system;
(2) Exhaust from the meal dryer vent;
(3) Exhaust from the meal cooler vent;
(4) Residual losses from crude meal;
(5) Residual losses from crude oil;
(6) Evaporative losses from equipment leaks;
(7) Solvent storage tanks;
(8) Process wastewater collection; and
(9) process startup/shutdowns.
It is not practical from a cost standpoint to quantify losses of HAP from the individual emission points. However, total HAP emissions from the entire source can be determined using records of deliveries and inventories of solvent and oilseed. Thus, the regulatory format for the proposed rule was selected as an emission limit expressed in terms of gallons of HAP lost per ton of oilseed processed.
Next, we investigated possible differences in solvent retention characteristics in the meal among oilseed types and process operations which affect the achievable level of HAP emissions. Based on this investigation, we established 12 performance standards for both existing and new sources. The performance standards are based on the regulatory requirements in the CAA which are described in the next section. Finally, we developed procedures for determining regulatory alternatives for existing and new sources.
V. What Are the Regulatory Requirements for MACT?
The CAA requires a NESHAP to reflect the maximum degree of reduction in emissions of HAP that is achievable for new or existing sources. We refer to this control level as the maximum achievable control technology. The CAA also provides guidance on determining the least stringent level allowed for a MACT standard, the “MACT floor.” For existing sources, MACT floor standards must be no less stringent than the average emission limitation achieved by the best performing 12 percent of the existing sources, or by the best performing five sources for source categories or subcategories with fewer than 30 sources. For new sources, MACT floor standards must be no less stringent than the emission control achieved in practice by the best controlled similar source. Control levels more stringent than the MACT floor must reflect consideration of the cost of achieving the emission reductions, any nonair quality, health, and environmental impacts, and energy requirements.
VI. How Was MACT Determined?
For this proposed rule, the MACT performance level is an emission limit expressed in terms of gallons of HAP lost per ton of oilseed processed over a 12-month compliance period. Each of the 12 performance standards were determined from 2 years of monthly data relating solvent losses (gal) to oilseed processing rates (tons).
To address variability observed in the 2 years of data used in the MACT floor determinations, statistical procedures were applied. Varying climatic patterns from year-to-year affect oilseed quality and solvent retention characteristics which can directly affect facility operations. Two years of emissions and process information is not sufficient to characterize long-term impacts of climatic patterns on oilseed quality. The never-to-be-exceeded format of these proposed MACT standards required us to statistically examine variability over 2 years and make adjustments to the HAP loss performance level of each source to reflect long-term achievability.
For existing sources, the MACT floor for each of the 12 oilseed or process operations was determined as the average of the HAP loss performance levels corresponding to the top performing 12 percent of sources (or the top five for oilseeds or operations with fewer than 30 sources). For new sources, the MACT floor was based on the performance level corresponding to the top ranking source. The new source MACT floors are the same or slightly more stringent than the corresponding existing source MACT floors. More details on the MACT floor determinations can be found in the memorandum entitled “MACT Floor Determinations for Existing and New Sources in the Vegetable Oil Production Source Category” (Docket No. A-97-59).
We also considered a regulatory alternative more stringent than the MACT floor, but rejected it because of a significantly higher cost per ton of emission reductions. This above-the-floor option would have required a catalytic incinerator to control the HAP emissions in the combined exhaust from the meal dryer and cooler vents. A fabric filter would also be required to remove particulate matter in the exhaust stream prior to entering the catalytic incinerator. At present, solvent extraction for vegetable oil production processes have not installed such emission controls on meal dryer or cooler vents. Thus, the MACT floor performance level was determined to represent MACT for this regulation.
More details on the above-the-floor analysis can be found in the memorandum entitled “Summary of Emission Reductions and Control Costs Associated with Achieving the MACT Floor and a Control Option Above the MACT Floor” (Docket No. A-97-59).
VII. What Are the Proposed Emission Standards?
Separate emission standards are proposed for each oilseed or process operation because solvent retention in the meal differs for each oilseed and process type. The emission standards are presented in Table 1 in § 63.2840 of the proposed rule.
VIII. How Do I Demonstrate Compliance?
To demonstrate compliance, you must perform the following:
(1) Develop a plan for demonstrating compliance per § 63.2851 of the proposed rule.
(2) Develop a startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) plan per § 63.2852 of the proposed rule.
(3) Maintain monthly records of solvent loss, HAP content of solvent received and quantity of oilseed type processed per § 63.2862(c) of the proposed rule.
(4) Comply with the standards for HAP losses as required in § 63.2840 of the proposed rule.
(5) Submit the necessary notifications per § 63.2860 of the proposed rule.
(6) Submit the necessary reports per § 63.2861 of the proposed rule.
IX. What Are the Recordkeeping Requirements?
A. What Is a Plan for Demonstrating Compliance?
Most vegetable oil production sources currently use reliable methods to measure the solvent loss and the quantity of oilseed processed. Therefore, today's proposed rule does not require you to change the method of measurement, but does require you to document each method of measurement and to consistently follow each documented method. You must develop a plan for demonstrating compliance which describes in detail how you will determine your solvent loss, HAP content of solvent received, and the quantity of each oilseed type processed. The plan for demonstrating compliance must be developed by the compliance date and must be kept on site and available for inspection as described in §§ 63.2851 and 63.2862(b) of the proposed rule.
B. What Is a Startup, Shutdown, and Malfunction Plan?
In accordance with the NESHAP General Provisions (40 CFR 63.6(e)(3)), you must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction (SSM) plan that describes the exact procedures you will follow during each type of SSM to minimize HAP emissions. The SSM plan must be developed by the compliance date and must be kept on site and available for inspection as described in §§ 63.2852 and 63.2862(b) of the proposed rule. The SSM plan must be implemented during a malfunction period or an initial startup period as described in § 62.2850 of the proposed rule.
C. What Data Must I Record?
You must record all of the data necessary to determine your compliance ratio as described in § 63.2862 of the proposed rule. This includes all receipts and inventory records used to determine the monthly solvent loss, the HAP content of each shipment of solvent received, and the monthly quantity of oilseed processed. You must record the starting and ending dates of each malfunction period and initial startup period, and the activities during such periods to demonstrate that the procedures in the SSM plan were followed during each such period.
As described in § 63.2863 of the proposed rule, your records must be in a form suitable and readily available for review. You must also keep each record for 5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record. Records must remain on site for at least 2 years and then can be maintained offsite for the remaining 3 years.
X. What Are the Reporting Requirements?
A. What Notifications Must I Submit?
If you are an existing source, you must submit an “initial notification” within 120 days after promulgation of the rule stating whether you are a major or an area source of HAP and other information listed under § 63.2860 of the proposed rule. This initial submission notifies the Administrator that you have an affected major source and must comply with the rule as promulgated. These NESHAP does not apply to area sources. If you are a new or reconstructed source, you must make several notifications during the process of construction and startup according to § 63.9 of the General Provisions.
You must also submit a notification of compliance status no later than 60 days after your initial compliance determination. For existing sources, you would normally submit this notification 50 calendar months after promulgation of the rule (3 years for compliance, 1 year or 12 operating months to record data, and 2 calendar months to complete the report). For a new or reconstructed source, you normally submit this notification 20 calendar months after initial startup (6 calendar months for an initial startup period, 12 operating months to record data, and 2 calendar months to complete the report). The notification of compliance status identifies the source, lists the oilseed types processed, and certifies that you are in compliance.
B. What Reports Must I Submit?
According to § 63.2861 of the proposed rule, you are required to submit an annual report certifying that your source is in compliance. The first annual compliance certification is due 1 year, 12 calendar months, after the notification of compliance status.
If your compliance ratio exceeds one, you must submit a deviation notification report by the end of the month following the calendar month in which you determined the deviation.
If you have a malfunction period or an initial startup period, as described in § 63.2850 of the proposed rule, you must submit a periodic SSM report. If you followed the procedures in the SSM plan, the periodic SSM report is due by the end of the following month and certifies that the SSM plan was followed. You must also include in the report a description of the initial startup or malfunction event and an estimate of the solvent loss during the initial startup or malfunction period, as described in § 63.2861(c) of the proposed rule. If you did not follow the procedures in the SSM plan, you must notify the responsible agency within 2 days of the occurrence and submit an immediate SSM report within 7 days as described in § 63.2861(d) of the proposed rule.
XI. What Are the Environmental, Energy, Cost and Economic Impacts?
We do not expect any significant secondary air emission, wastewater, solid waste, or energy impacts resulting from the proposed rule. The emissions reduction techniques that will be used to comply with the NESHAP are pollution prevention technologies designed to recover and recycle solvent. More details on the environmental and energy impacts can be found in the memorandum entitled “Summary of Environmental and Energy Impacts” (Docket No. A-97-59).
As shown in Table 1 of this preamble, the overall cost effectiveness associated with the MACT floor level of control is $1,800 per ton of HAP. This level of control will reduce HAP emissions from existing sources by approximately 6,800 tpy, a reduction of approximately 25 percent.
Also shown in Table 1 of this preamble, we considered an option more stringent than the MACT floor which requires installation of a fabric filter and catalytic incinerator. This option nearly doubles the reduction of HAP emissions achieved by the MACT floor. However, the cost effectiveness of the option above the MACT floor is approximately $13,800 per ton of HAP reduced. The cost effectiveness associated with the above-the-floor control option could be higher after considering site-specific conditions which may result in additional design, operating, and safety requirements that were not included in the model costs listed in Table 1 of this preamble. Because of the significantly higher cost per ton of emission reductions, we did not require control more stringent than the MACT floor. More details on the MACT floor and above-the-floor cost analysis can be found in the memorandum entitled “Summary of Emission Reductions and Control Costs Associated with Achieving the MACT Floor and a Control Option Above the MACT Floor” (Docket No. A-97-59).
Table 1.—Summary of National Impacts for the Floor and Above-the-Floor Control Scenarios
The economic impacts of the proposed rule for the vegetable oil industry are measured primarily in terms of market impacts. Market impacts include estimates of changes in market price, market production, industry annual revenues, and possible facility closures that may result from the proposed rule. Other secondary market impacts analyzed include potential labor market and international trade impacts.
The proposed rule will potentially impose emission control costs on facilities that use solvent extraction processes to extract oil from oilseeds. Oilseed processors using mechanical extraction will not incur emission control costs as a result of the proposed rule. In 1995, 31 companies operated 106 solvent extraction for vegetable oil production processing facilities in the United States. These companies process soybean, corn, cottonseed, and other seeds into oil, meal, and other products. The other oilseeds include flaxseed, peanut, rapeseed, safflower, and sunflower.
Emission control costs were estimated for each facility expected to be affected by the proposed rule. Two regulatory alternatives were analyzed; the MACT floor and a more stringent above-the-floor alternative. The capital costs for the proposed rule, the MACT floor, are estimated to be approximately $29.7 million, while national annualized costs of $12.4 million are anticipated. By comparison, the capital and annual cost estimates for the above-the-floor alternative are $134.7 million and $185.0 million, respectively. All costs are stated in 1995 dollars. The annualized cost estimates include: (1) The costs of monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping; (2) annualized lost production costs; (3) operation and maintenance costs for the emission control equipment, less the cost savings from reduced solvent purchases; and (4) the annualized capital recovery for total capital emission control investment.
Since capital costs relate to emission control equipment that will be utilized over a period of years, this cost is annualized or apportioned to each year of the anticipated equipment life. The annual capital costs include annual depreciation of equipment plus the cost of capital associated with financing the capital equipment over its useful life. In addition, lost production costs are foregone profits and other costs incurred when the plant shuts down to install new capital equipment. These costs are a one time expense of the proposed rule and are annualized over the same period as the capital equipment. A 7 percent discount rate or cost of capital is assumed for this proposed rule. The annualized capital and lost production costs are combined with annual operating and maintenance costs (less solvent recovery credits) and recordkeeping, monitoring, and reporting costs to compute the total annualized costs to comply with the proposed rule.
A financial ratio analysis estimating the ratio of emission control costs to annual sales revenues (CSR) was conducted to determine the financial impact of the proposed rule for facilities anticipated to incur emission control costs. Annual facility revenues were estimated by multiplying the average 1995 market price reported by the United States Department of Agriculture by annual production levels for each facility. The individual facility financial impacts are expected to be minimal for the proposed regulatory alternative of the MACT floor. Of the 106 facilities affected by the proposed rule, 105 are predicted to have a facility CSR between 0 and 1 percent, and one facility has a CSR between 1 and 2 percent. For the above-the-floor alternative, 21 facilities have a CSR between 0 and 1 percent, 39 have a CSR between 1 and 2 percent, and 46 have a CSR between 2 and 3 percent.
A market-based approach was also used to evaluate the economic impacts of the proposed rule to producers and consumers of vegetable oil and meal products. This approach assumes that producers have choices when confronted with emission control costs. Producers must make a decision of whether to continue producing these products and, if so, the optimal level of production. The vegetable oil markets are assumed to be perfectly competitive.
In general, the economic impacts of this proposed rule are expected to be minimal with predicted price increases ranging from 0.14 percent to 0.47 percent for individual products. Estimated domestic production decreases resulting from the proposed rule range from 0.12 percent to 0.34 percent for all oil and meal products. Revenues for the industry or the value of domestic shipments are expected to increase 0.10 percent. This increase in industry revenues results because the price elasticity of demand for vegetable oil and meal products is inelastic. For products with inelastic demand, a price increase leads to increases in revenues for the affected industry. Individual facilities within the industry may experience revenue increases or decreases, depending on their costs of production, but on average the industry revenues are anticipated to increase slightly with the proposed rule. No facilities are expected to close as a result of the proposed rule. Labor market impacts and international trade impacts are anticipated to be minimal also. More detailed information concerning the economic impacts of the proposed solvent extraction for vegetable oil production NESHAP can be found in the report entitled “Economic Analysis of Air Pollution Regulations: Vegetable Oil Industry” (Docket No. A-97-59).
XII. What Are the Administrative Requirements for This Rule?
A. Executive Order 12866, Significant Regulatory Action
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), we must determine whether the regulatory action is “significant” and therefore subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). The Executive Order defines “significant regulatory action” as one that is likely to result in a rule that may:
(1) Have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or communities;
(2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency;
(3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs, or the rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or
(4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in the Executive Order.
It has been determined that this proposed rule is not a “significant regulatory action” under the terms of Executive Order 12866 and is therefore not subject to OMB review.
B. Executive Order 13132, Federalism
Executive Order 13132, entitled “Federalism” (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure “meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications.” “Policies that have federalism implications” is defined in the Executive Order to include regulations that have “substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.” Under Executive Order 13132, EPA may not issue a regulation that has federalism implications, that imposes substantial direct compliance costs, and that is not required by statute, unless the Federal government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance costs incurred by State and local governments, or EPA consults with State and local officials early in the process of developing the proposed rule. The EPA also may not issue a regulation that has federalism implications and that preempts State law unless EPA consults with State and local officials early in the process of developing the proposed rule.
If EPA complies by consulting, Executive Order 13132 requires EPA to provide to the OMB, in a separately identified section of the preamble to the rule, a federalism summary impact statement (FSIS). The FSIS must include a description of the extent of EPA's prior consultation with State and local officials, a summary of the nature of their concerns and EPA's position supporting the need to issue the regulation, and a statement of the extent to which the concerns of State and local officials have been met. Also, when EPA transmits a draft final rule with federalism implications to OMB for review pursuant to Executive Order 12866, EPA must include a certification from its Federalism Official stating that EPA has met the requirements of Executive Order 13132 in a meaningful and timely manner.
This proposed rule will not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132. This is because the proposed rule applies to affected sources in the vegetable oil production industry, not to States or local governments. Nor will State law be preempted, or any mandates be imposed on States or local governments. Thus, the requirements of section 6 of the Executive Order do not apply to this proposed rule. The EPA notes, however, that although not required to do so by this Executive Order (or otherwise) it did consult with State governments during development of this proposed rule.
C. Executive Order 13084, Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments
Under Executive Order 13084, EPA may not issue a regulation that is not required by statute, that significantly or uniquely affects the communities of Indian tribal governments, and that imposes substantial direct compliance costs on those communities, unless the Federal government provides the funds necessary to pay the direct compliance costs incurred by the tribal governments, or EPA consults with those governments. If EPA complies by consulting, Executive Order 13084 requires EPA to provide to the OMB, in a separately identified section of the preamble to the rule, a description of the extent of EPA's prior consultation with representatives of affected tribal governments, a summary of the nature of their concerns, and a statement supporting the need to issue the regulation. In addition, Executive Order 13084 requires EPA to develop an effective process permitting elected officials and other representatives of Indian tribal governments “to provide meaningful and timely input in the development of regulatory policies on matters that significantly or uniquely affect their communities.”
Today's proposed rule does not significantly or uniquely affect the communities of Indian tribal governments. No known vegetable oil production facility is located within the jurisdiction of any tribal government. Accordingly, the requirements of section 3(b) of Executive Order 13084 do not apply to this rule.
D. Executive Order 13045, Protection of Children From Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
Executive Order 13045: “Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks” (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) applies to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be “economically significant” as defined under Executive Order 12866, and (2) concerns an environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action meets both criteria, the Agency must evaluate the environmental health or safety effects of the planned rule on children, and explain why the planned regulation is preferable to other potentially effective and reasonably feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
This rule is not “economically significant” as defined under Executive Order 12866. Further, EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those regulatory actions that are based on health or safety risks, such that the analysis required under section 5-501 of the Executive Order has the potential to influence the regulation. This proposed rule is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it establishes an environmental standard based on available technology rather than reduction of health risk. No children's risk analysis was performed because no alternative technologies exist that would provide greater stringency at a reasonable cost. Furthermore, this rule has been determined not to be “economically significant” as defined under Executive Order 12866.
E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and tribal governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, EPA generally must prepare a written statement, including a cost-benefit analysis, for proposed and final rules with “Federal mandates” that may result in expenditures by State, local, and tribal governments, in aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100 million or more in any 1 year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires the EPA to identify and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt the least-costly, most cost-effective, or least-burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover, section 205 allows the EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least-costly, most cost-effective, or least-burdensome alternative if the Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation why that alternative was not adopted. Before the EPA establishes any regulatory requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including tribal governments, it must have developed under section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must provide for notifying potentially affected small governments, enabling officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and timely input in the development of EPA regulatory proposals with significant Federal intergovernmental mandates, and informing, educating, and advising small governments on compliance with the regulatory requirements.
The EPA has determined that this proposed rule does not contain a Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more for State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the private sector in any 1 year. The maximum total annual cost of this proposed rule for any 1 year has been estimated to be less than $15 million. Thus, today's proposed rule is not subject to the requirements of sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA. In addition, EPA has determined that this proposed rule contains no regulatory requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect small governments because it contains no requirements that apply to such governments or impose obligations upon them. Therefore, today's proposed rule is not subject to the requirements of section 203 of the UMRA.
F. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), As Amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.
The RFA generally requires an agency to conduct a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment rulemaking requirements unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. The proposed solvent extraction for vegetable oil production NESHAP will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses, small not-for-profit enterprises, and small governmental jurisdictions.
For this regulation, the impacted small entities are businesses, and the Small Business Administration (SBA) defines the criteria used to designate a business as small. The relevant small business criteria are shown below.
Table 2.—Affected Industry Classification Codes and Small Business Criteria for the Solvent Extraction for Vegetable Oil Production NESHAP
| SIC | NAICS | Small business criteria (by SIC) |
|---|---|---|
| 2046—Wet Corn Milling | 311221—Wet Corn Milling | Fewer than 750 employees. |
| 2041—Flour and Other Grain Mill Products | 311221—Wet Corn Milling | Fewer than 500 employees. |
| 2074—Cottonseed Oil Mills | 311223—Other Oilseed Processing | Fewer than 500 employees. |
| 2075—Soybean Oil Mills | 311222—Soybean Processing | Fewer than 500 employees. |
| 2076—Vegetable Oil Mills | 311223—Other Oilseed Processing | Fewer than 1,000 employees. |
Based upon these criteria, thirteen companies operating oilseed processing facilities are small businesses. These small businesses operated 16 vegetable oil processing facilities or 15 percent of the solvent extraction facilities in operation during 1995. Twelve of these 17 facilities were cottonseed processing mills indicating that 50 percent of the 25 cottonseed processing facilities operating in 1995 were operated by small businesses.
The EPA analyzed the potential impact of the proposed rule on these small entities. The EPA calculated the ratio of estimated annualized emission control costs relative to baseline 1995 sales revenue for each small company expected to be impacted by the proposed rule. While the CSR has different significance for different market situations, it is a good rough gauge of potential impact. If costs for the individual firm (or group of firms) are completely passed on to the purchasers of the good(s) being produced, the ratio is an estimate of the price increase (in percentage form after multiplying the ratio by 100). If costs are completely absorbed by the producer, this ratio is an estimate of the decrease in pretax profits (in percentage form after multiplying the ratio by 100). The distribution of cost to sales ratios across the whole market, the competitiveness of the market, and profit to sales ratios are among the obvious factors that may influence the significance of any particular cost to sales ratio for an individual facility. The mean or average CSR for small companies affected by the proposed rule is 0.29 percent, with range of CSR from a low of 0.04 percent to a high estimate of 0.86 percent. As a result of the increased costs of emission controls, these firms will either likely increase the price of their products in response to a market change in price, will absorb the cost increase with no price increase, or will respond with a combination of these responses. Since the estimated costs as a percentage of sales is relatively minimal for the affected small oilseed processing companies, it is anticipated that the proposed rule will not have a significant impact on the affected companies' profitability.
Many cottonseed processing facilities are owned by small businesses. Nine of the 25 cottonseed processing facilities have ceased operation or are currently dormant subsequent to the baseline year of 1995. These factors prompted an additional analysis to determine whether cottonseed processing facilities will experience significant economic impacts as a result of the proposed rule. For this analysis, the estimated costs of emission controls for an individual facility were compared to the estimated 1995 sales revenue for that facility to estimate facility-specific cost to sales ratios. A CSR exceeding 1 percent was determined to be an indicator of the potential for a significant economic impact for cottonseed processing facilities. For the eight cottonseed processing facilities currently operating that are owned by small businesses, the average CSR is 0.39 percent with a high-low range of 0.08 to 0.86 percent. These estimated costs as a percent of sales are less than 1 percent indicating that significant economic impacts are not likely for the cottonseed facilities owned by small businesses as a result of the proposed rule. Thus, EPA has concluded that this proposed rule will not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities.
G. Paperwork Reduction Act
The information collection requirements in this proposed rule will be submitted for approval to the OMB under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. An Information Collection Request (ICR) document has been prepared by EPA (ICR No. 1947-01) and a copy may be obtained from Sandy Farmer by mail at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Environmental Information, Collection Strategies Division (2822), 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460, by e-mail at farmer.sandy@epa.gov, or by calling (202) 260-2740. A copy may also be downloaded off the internet at http://www.epa.gov/icr. The information requirements are not effective until OMB approves them.
The information requirements are based on notification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in the NESHAP General Provisions (40 CFR part 63, subpart A), which are mandatory for all operators subject to national emission standards. These recordkeeping and reporting requirements are specifically authorized by section 114 of the CAA (42 U.S.C. 7414). All information submitted to the EPA pursuant to the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for which a claim of confidentiality is made is safeguarded according to EPA policies set forth in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.
The total 3-year burden of monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting for this collection is estimated at 30,275 labor hours, and the annual average burden is 10,092 labor hours for the affected facilities. There are no required capital costs for the proposed solvent extraction for vegetable oil production NESHAP. This estimate includes initial notification(s), plan for demonstrating compliance, SSM plan, notification of compliance status, monthly inventory recordkeeping, monthly determination of the compliance ratio, annual compliance certifications, deviation notification reports, periodic SSM reports, and immediate SSM reports for each of the 106 existing sources and one new source per year from proposal.
Burden means the total time, effort, or financial resources people spend to generate, maintain, keep, or disclose to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and use technology and systems to collect, validate, and verify information; process, maintain, disclose, and provide information; adjust ways to comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements; train people to respond to a collection of information; search data sources; collect and review information; and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for EPA's regulations are in 40 CFR part 9 and 48 CFR chapter 15.
H. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995
Under section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) of 1995 (Publication L. No. 104-113), all Federal agencies are required to use voluntary consensus standards in their regulatory and procurement activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, business practices) developed or adopted by one or more voluntary consensus bodies. The NTTAA requires Federal agencies to provide Congress, through annual reports to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), with explanations when an agency does not use available and applicable voluntary consensus standards.
Consistent with the NTTAA, the EPA conducted a search for EPA's Method 311 (Analysis of Hazardous Air Pollutant Compounds in Paints and Coatings by Direct Injection into a Gas Chromatograph) and found no candidate voluntary consensus standards for use in identifying n-hexane. This proposal references the National Emission Standards for Closed Vent Systems, Control Devices, Recovery Devices, and Routing to a Fuel Gas System or a Process (Subpart SS). Since there are no new technical standard requirements resulting from specifying Subpart SS in this rule, and no candidate consensus standards were identified for EPA Method 311 (n-hexane) in this proposal, EPA is not proposing/adopting any voluntary consensus standards in this rulemaking.
EPA takes comment on proposed compliance demonstration requirements proposed in this rulemaking and specifically invites the public to identify potentially-applicable voluntary consensus standards. Commentors should also explain why this regulation should adopt these VCS's in lieu of EPA's standards. Emission test methods and performance specifications submitted for evaluation should be accompanied with a basis for the recommendation, including method validation data and the procedure used to validate the candidate method (if method other than Method 301, 40 CFR Part 63, Appendix A was used).
Section 63.2854(b)(1) of the proposed standard lists EPA Method 311. EPA Method 311 has been used by States and industry for approximately five years. Nevertheless, under § 63.7(f) of Subpart A of this part, the proposal allows any State or source to apply to EPA for permission to use an alternative method in lieu of EPA Method 311 listed in § 63.2854(b)(1).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63
- Environmental protection
- Administrative practice and procedure
- Air pollution control
- Hazardous substances
- Intergovernmental relations,
Dated: May 12, 2000.
Carol M. Browner,
Administrator.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, title 40, chapter I, part 63, of the Code of the Federal Regulations is proposed to be amended as follows:
PART 63—[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.
2. Part 63 is amended by adding subpart GGGG to read as follows:
Subpart GGGG—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Solvent Extraction for Vegetable Oil Production
- What This Subpart Covers 63.2830
- What is the purpose of this subpart?
- 63.2831
- Where can I find definitions of key words used in this subpart?
- 63.2832
- Am I subject to this subpart?
- 63.2833
- Is my source categorized as existing or new?
- 63.2834
- When do I have to comply with the standards in this subpart? Standards
- 63.2840
- What emission requirements must I meet? Compliance Requirements
- 63.2850
- How do I comply with the hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emission standards?
- 63.2851
- What is a plan for demonstrating compliance?
- 63.2852
- What is a startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan?
- 63.2853
- How do I determine the actual solvent loss?
- 63.2854
- How do I determine the weighted average volume fraction of HAP in the actual solvent loss?
- 63.2855
- How do I determine the quantity of oilseed processed? Notifications, Reports, and Records
- 63.2860
- What notifications must I submit and when?
- 63.2861
- What reports must I submit and when?
- 63.2862
- What records must I keep?
- 63.2863
- In what form and how long must I keep my records? Other Requirements and Information
- 63.2870
- What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
- 63.2871
- Who administers this subpart?
- 63.2872
- What definitions apply to this subpart?
Subpart GGGG—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Solvent Extraction for Vegetable Oil Production
What This Subpart Covers
This subpart establishes national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) emitted during vegetable oil production. These standards limit HAP emissions from specified vegetable oil production processes. This subpart also establishes requirements to demonstrate initial and continuous compliance with the emission standards.
You can find definitions of key words used in this subpart in the sources listed in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section:
(a) The Clean Air Act, section 112(a).
(b) The NESHAP General Provisions in § 63.2.
(c) In § 63.2872 of this subpart.
(a) You are an affected source subject to this subpart if you meet all of the criteria listed in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section:
(1) You own or operate a vegetable oil production process that is a major source of HAP emissions or is collocated within a plant site with other sources that are individually or collectively a major source of HAP emissions.
(i) A vegetable oil production process is defined in § 63.2872. In general, it is the collection of continuous process equipment and activities that produce crude vegetable oil and meal products by removing oil from oilseeds listed in Table 1 in § 63.2840 through direct contact with an organic solvent, such as a hexane isomer blend.
(ii) A major source of HAP is a plant site that emits or has the potential to emit any single HAP at a rate of 10 tons (9.07 megagrams) or more per year or any combination of HAP at a rate of 25 tons (22.68 megagrams) or more per year.
(2) Your vegetable oil production process processes any combination of eight types of oilseeds listed in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (viii) of this section:
(i) Corn germ;
(ii) Cottonseed;
(iii) Flax;
(iv) Peanut;
(v) Rapeseed (for example, canola);
(vi) Safflower;
(vii) Soybean; and
(viii) Sunflower.
(b) You are not subject to this subpart if your vegetable oil production process meets any of the criteria listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section:
(1) It uses only mechanical extraction techniques that use no organic solvent to remove oil from a listed oilseed.
(2) It uses only batch solvent extraction and batch desolventizing equipment.
(3) It processes only agricultural products that are not listed oilseeds as defined in § 63.2872.
(a) This subpart applies to each existing and new affected source. You must categorize your vegetable oil production process as either an existing or new source in accordance with the criteria in Table 1 of this section, as follows:
Table 1 of § 63.2833.—Categorizing Your Source as Existing or New
| If your affected source . . . | And if . . . | Then your affected source . . . |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Was constructed or began construction before May 26, 2000 | reconstruction has not occurred | is an existing source. |
| 2. Began reconstruction, as defined in § 63.2, on or after May 26, 2000 | reconstruction was part of a scheduled plan to comply with the existing source requirements of this subpart and reconstruction was completed no later than 3 years after the effective date of this subpart | remains an existing source. |
| 3. Began a significant modification, as defined in § 63.2872, at any time on an existing source | the modification does not constitute reconstruction | remains an existing source. |
| 4. Began a significant modification, as defined in § 63.2872, at any time on a new source | the modification does not constitute reconstruction | remains a new source. |
| 5. Began reconstruction on or after May 26, 2000 | reconstruction was completed later than 3 years after the effective date of this subpart | is a new source. |
| 6. Began construction on or after May 26, 2000 | is a new source. |
(b) Reconstruction of a source. Any affected source is reconstructed if components are replaced so that the criteria in the definition of reconstruction in § 63.2 are satisfied. In general, a vegetable oil production process is reconstructed if the fixed capital cost of the new components exceeds 50 percent of the fixed capital cost for constructing a new vegetable oil production process, and it is technically and economically feasible for the reconstructed source to meet the relevant new source standard established in this subpart. The effect of reconstruction on the categorization of your existing and new affected source is described in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section:
(1) After reconstruction of an existing source, the affected source is recategorized as a new source and becomes subject to the new source requirements of this subpart.
(2) After reconstruction of a new source, the affected source remains categorized as a new source and remains subject to the new source requirements of this subpart.
(c) Significant modification of a source. A significant modification to an affected source is a term specific to this subpart and is defined in § 63.2872.
(1) In general, a significant modification to your source consists of adding new equipment or the modification of existing equipment within the affected source that significantly affects solvent losses from the affected source. Examples include adding or replacing extractors, desolventizer-toasters (conventional and specialty), and meal dryer-coolers. All other significant modifications must meet the criteria listed in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (1) (ii) of this section:
(i) The fixed capital cost of the modification represents a significant percentage of the fixed capital cost of building a comparable new vegetable oil production process.
(ii) It does not constitute reconstruction as defined in § 63.2.
(2) A significant modification has no effect on the categorization of your source as existing and new. An existing source remains categorized as an existing source and subject to the existing source requirements of this subpart. A new source remains categorized as a new source and subject to the new source requirements of this subpart.
(d) Changes in the type of oilseed processed by your affected source does not affect the categorization of your source as new or existing. Recategorizing an affected source from existing to new occurs only when you add or modify process equipment within the source which meets the definition of reconstruction.
You must comply with the standards in accordance with one of the schedules in Table 1 of this section, as follows:
Table 1 of § 63.2834.—Compliance Dates for Existing and New Sources
| If your affected source is categorized as . . . | And if . . . | Then your compliance date is . . . |
|---|---|---|
| 1. An existing source | 3 years after [the effective date of this subpart]. | |
| 2. A new source | you startup your affected source before [the effective date of this subpart] | [the effective date of this subpart]. |
| 3. A new source | you startup your affected source on or after [the effective date of this subpart] | your startup date. |
Standards
(a)(1) The emission requirements limit the number of gallons of HAP lost per ton of listed oilseeds processed. For each operating month, you must calculate a compliance ratio which compares your actual HAP loss to your allowable HAP loss for the previous 12 operating months as shown in Equation 1 of this section. An operating month, as defined in § 63.2872, is any calendar month in which a source processes a listed oilseed, excluding any entire calendar month in which the source operated under an initial startup period subject to § 63.2850(c)(2) or (d)(2) or a malfunction period subject to § 63.2850(e)(2). Equation 1 of this section follows:
Image Not Available
(2) Equation 1 of this section can also be expressed as a function of total solvent loss as show in Equation 2 of the section, as follows:
Image Not Available
Where:
f = The weighted average volume fraction of HAP in solvent received during the previous 12 operating months, as determined in § 63.2854, dimensionless.
0.64 = The average volume fraction of HAP in solvent in the baseline performance data, dimensionless.
Actual Solvent Loss = Gallons of actual solvent loss during previous 12 operating months, as determined in § 63.2853.
Oilseed = Tons of each oilseed type “i” processed during the previous 12 operating months, as shown in § 63.2855.
SLF = The corresponding solvent loss factor (gal/ton) for oilseed “i” listed in Table 1 of this section, as follows:
Table 1 of § 63.2840.—Oilseed Solvent Loss Factors for Determining Allowable HAP Loss
| Type of oilseed process | A source that . . . | Oilseed solvent loss factor (gal/ton) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Existing sources | New sources | ||
| 1. Corn Germ, Wet Milling | processes corn germ that has been separated from other corn components using a “wet” process of centrifuging a slurry steeped in a dilute sulfurous acid solution | 0.4 | 0.3 |
| 2. Corn Germ, Dry Milling | processes corn germ that has been separated from the other corn components using a “dry” process of mechanical chafing and air sifting | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| 3. Cottonseed, Large | processes 120,000 tons or more of a combination of cottonseed and other listed oilseeds during all normal operating periods in a 12 operating month period | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| 4. Cottonseed, Small | processes less than 120,000 tons of a combination of cottonseed and other listed oilseeds during all normal operating periods in a 12 operating month period | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| 5. Flax | processes flax | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| 6. Peanuts | processes peanuts | 1.2 | 0.7 |
| 7. Rapeseed | processes rapeseed | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| 8. Safflower | processes safflower | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| 9. Soybean, Conventional | uses a conventional style desolventizer to produce crude soybean oil products and soybean animal feed products | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| 10. Soybean, Specialty | uses a special style desolventizer to produce soybean meal products for human and animal consumption | 1.7 | 1.5 |
| 11. Soybean, Combination Plant with Low Specialty Production | processes soybeans in both specialty and conventional desolventizers and the quantity of soybeans processed in specialty desolventizers during normal operating periods is less than 3.3 percent of total soybeans processed during all normal operating periods in a 12 operating month period. The corresponding solvent loss factor is an overall value and applies to the total quantity of soybeans processed | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| 12. Sunflower | processes sunflower | 0.4 | 0.3 |
(b) When your source has processed listed oilseed for 12 operating months, calculate the compliance ratio by the end of each calendar month following an operating month using Equation 2 of this section. When calculating your compliance ratio, consider the conditions and exclusions in paragraphs (b)(1) through (6) of this section:
(1) If your source processes any quantity of listed oilseeds in a calendar month and the source is not operating under an initial startup period or malfunction period subject to § 63.2850, then you must categorize the month as an operating month, as defined in § 63.2872.
(2) The 12-month compliance ratio may include operating months occurring prior to a source shutdown and operating months that follow after the source resumes operation.
(3) If your source shuts down and processes no listed oilseed for an entire calendar month, then you must categorize the month as a nonoperating month, as defined in § 63.2872. Exclude any nonoperating months from the compliance ratio determination.
(4) If your source is subject to an initial startup period as defined in § 63.2872, exclude from the compliance ratio determination any solvent and oilseed information recorded for the initial startup period.
(5) If your source is subject to a malfunction period as defined in § 63.2872, exclude from the compliance ratio determination any solvent and oilseed information recorded for the malfunction period.
(6) For sources processing cottonseed or specialty soybean, the solvent loss factor you use to determine the compliance ratio may change each operating month depending on the tons of oilseed processed during all normal operating periods in a 12 operating month period.
(c) If the compliance ratio is less than or equal to 1.00, your source was in compliance with the HAP emission requirements for the previous operating month.
(d) To determine the compliance ratio in Equation 2 of this section, you must select the appropriate oilseed solvent loss factor from Table 1 of this section. First, determine whether your source is new or existing using Table 1 in § 63.2833. Then, under the appropriate existing or new source column, select the oilseed solvent loss factor that corresponds to each type oilseed or process operation for each operating month.
Compliance Requirements
(a) General requirements. The requirements in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section apply to all affected sources:
(1) Submit the necessary notifications in accordance with § 63.2860, which include:
(i) Initial notifications for existing sources.
(ii) Initial notifications for new and reconstructed sources.
(iii) Initial notifications for significant modifications to existing or new sources.
(iv) Notification of compliance status.
(2) Develop and implement a plan for demonstrating compliance in accordance with § 63.2851.
(3) Develop a written startup, shutdown and malfunction (SSM) plan in accordance with the provisions in § 63.2852.
(4) Maintain all the necessary records you have used to demonstrate compliance with this subpart in accordance with § 63.2862.
(5) Submit the reports in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) through (iii) of this section:
(i) Annual compliance certifications in accordance with § 63.2861(a).
(ii) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports in accordance with § 63.2861(c).
(iii) Immediate startup, shutdown, and malfunction reports in accordance with § 63.2861(d).
(6) Submit all notifications and reports and maintain all records required by the General Provisions for performance testing if you add a control device that destroys solvent.
(b) Existing sources under normal operation. You must meet all of the requirements listed in paragraph (a) of this section and Table 1 of this section for sources under normal operation, and the schedules for demonstrating compliance for existing sources under normal operation in Table 2 of this section.
(c) New sources. Your new source, including a source that is categorized as new due to reconstruction, must meet the requirements associated with one of two compliance options. Within 15 days of the startup date, you must choose to comply with one of the options listed in paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section:
(1) Normal operation. Upon startup of your new source, you must meet all of the requirements listed in § 63.2850(a) and Table 1 of this section for sources under normal operation, and the schedules for demonstrating compliance for new sources under normal operation in Table 2 of this section.
(2) Initial startup period. For up to 6 calendar months after the startup date of your new source, you must meet all of the requirements listed in paragraph (a) of this section and Table 1 of this section for sources operating under an initial startup period, and the schedules for demonstrating compliance for new sources operating under an initial startup period in Table 2 of this section. After a maximum of 6 calendar months, your new source must then meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this section for sources under normal operation.
(d) Existing or new sources that have been significantly modified. Your existing or new source that has been significantly modified must meet the requirements associated with one of two compliance options. Within 15 days of the modified source startup date, you must choose to comply with one of the options listed in paragraph (d)(1) or (d)(2) of this section:
(1) Normal operation. Upon startup of your significantly modified existing or new source, you must meet all of the requirements listed in paragraph (a) and Table 1 of this section for sources under normal operation, and the schedules for demonstrating compliance for an existing or new source that has been significantly modified in Table 2 of this section.
(2) Initial startup period. For up to 3 calendar months after the startup date of your significantly modified existing or new source, you must meet all of the requirements listed in paragraph (a) and Table 1 of this section for sources operating under an initial startup period, and the schedules for demonstrating compliance for a significantly modified existing or new source operating under an initial startup period in Table 2 of this section. After a maximum of 3 calendar months, your new or existing source must meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this section for sources under normal operation.
(e) Existing or new sources experiencing a malfunction. A malfunction is defined in § 63.2. In general, it means any sudden, infrequent, and not reasonably preventable failure of air pollution control equipment or process equipment to function in a usual manner. If your existing or new source experiences an unscheduled shutdown as a result of a malfunction, continues to operate during a malfunction (including the period reasonably necessary to correct the malfunction), or starts up after a shutdown resulting from a malfunction, then you must meet the requirements associated with one of two compliance options. Routine or scheduled process startups and shutdowns resulting from, but not limited to, market demands, maintenance activities, and switching types of oilseed processed, are not startups or shutdowns resulting from a malfunction and, therefore, do not qualify for this provision. Within 15 days of the beginning date of the malfunction, you must choose to comply with one of the options listed in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(2) of this section:
(1) Normal operation. Your source must meet all of the requirements listed in paragraph (a) of this section and one of the options listed in paragraphs (e)(1) (i) through (iii) of this section:
(i) Existing source normal operation requirements in paragraph (b) of this section.
(ii) New source normal operation requirements in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
(iii) Normal operation requirements for sources that have been significantly modified in paragraph (d)(1) of this section. Table 1 of this section follows:
Table 1 of § 63.2850.—Requirements for Compliance With HAP Emission Standards
| Are you required to . . . | For periods of normal operation? | For initial startup periods subject to § 63.28590(c)(2) or (d)(2)? | For malfunction periods subject to § 63.2850(e)(2)? |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Operate and maintain your source in accordance with your SSM plan as described in § 63.2852? | No, your source is not subject to the SSM plan, but rather the HAP emission limits of this standard | Yes, throughout the entire initial startup period | Yes, throughout the entire malfunction period. |
| 2. Determine and record the extraction solvent loss in gallons from your source? | Yes, as described in § 63.2853. | Yes, as described in § 63.2862(e) | Yes, as described in § 63.2862(e). |
| 3. Record the volume fraction of HAP present at greater than 1 percent by volume and gallons of extraction solvent in shipment received? | Yes | Yes | Yes. |
| 4. Determine and record the tons of each oilseed type processed by your source? | Yes, as described in § 63.2855. | No | No. |
| 5. Determine the weighted average volume fraction of HAP in extraction solvent received as described in § 63.2854 by the end of the following calendar month? | Yes | No. Except for solvent received by a new or reconstructed source commencing operation under an initial startup period, the HAP volume fraction in any solvent received during an initial startup period is included in the weighted average HAP determination for the next operating month | No, the HAP volume fraction in any solvent received during a malfunction period is included in the weighted average HAP determination for the next operating month. |
| 6. Determine and record the actual solvent loss, weighted average volume fraction HAP, oilseed processed and compliance ratio for each 12 operating month period as described in § 63.2840 by the end of the following calendar month? | Yes | No, these requirements are not applicable because your source is not required to determine the compliance ratio with data recorded for an initial startup period | No, these requirements are not applicable because your source is not required to determine the compliance ratio with data recorded for a malfunction period. |
| 7. Submit a Notification of Compliance Status or Annual Compliance Certification as appropriate? | Yes, as described in §§ 63.2860(d) and 63.2861(a) | No. However, you may be required to submit an annual compliance certification for previous operating months, if the deadline for the annual compliance certification happens to occur during the initial startup period | No. However, you may be required to submit an annual compliance certification for previous operating months, if the deadline for the annual compliance certification happens to occur during the malfunction period. |
| 8. Submit a Deviation Notification Report by the end of the calendar month following each operating month in which the compliance ratio exceeds 1.00 as described in § 63.2861(b)? | Yes | No, these requirements are not applicable because your source is not required to determine the compliance ratio with data recorded for an initial startup period | No, these requirements are not applicable because your source is not required to determine the compliance ratio with data recorded for a malfunction period. |
| 9. Submit a Periodic SSM Report as described in § 63.2861(c)? | No, a SSM activity is not categorized as normal operation | Yes | Yes. |
| 10. Submit an Immediate SSM Report as described in § 63.2861(d)? | No, a SSM activity is not categorized as normal operation | Yes, only if your source does not follow the SSM plan | Yes, only if your source does not follow the SSM plan. |
Table 2 of § 63.2850.—Schedules for Demonstrating Compliance Under Various Source Operating Modes
| If your source is . . . | and is operating under . . . | then your recordkeeping schedule . . . | You must determine your first compliance ratio by the end of the calendar month following . . . | Base your first compliance ratio on information recorded . . . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Existing | Normal operation, | Begins on the compliance date | The first 12 operating months after the compliance date | During the first 12 operating months after the compliance date. |
| 2. New | Normal operation, | Begins on the startup date of your new source | The first 12 operating months after the startup date of the new source | During the first 12 operating months after the startup date of the new source. |
| 3. | An initial startup period, | Begins on the startup date of your new source | The first 12 operating months after termination of the initial startup period, which can last for up to 6 months | During the first 12 operating months after the initial startup period, which can last for up to 6 months. |
| 4. Existing or new that has been significantly modified | Normal operation, | Resumes on the startup date of the modified source | The first operating month after the startup date of the modified source | During the previous 11 operating months prior to the significant modification and the first operating month following the initial startup date of the source. |
| 5. | An initial startup period | Resumes on the startup date of the modified source | The first operating month after termination of the initial startup period, which can last up to 3 months | During the 11 operating months before the significant modification and the first operating month after the initial startup period. |
(2) Malfunction period. Throughout the malfunction period, you must meet all of the requirements listed in paragraph (a) of this section and Table 1 of this section for sources operating during a malfunction period. At the end of the malfunction period, your source must then meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this section for sources under normal operation.
(a) You must develop and implement a written plan for demonstrating compliance that provides the detailed procedures you will follow to monitor and record data necessary for demonstrating compliance with this subpart. Procedures followed for quantifying solvent loss from the source and amount of oilseed processed vary from source to source because of site-specific factors such as equipment design characteristics and operating conditions. Typical procedures include one or more accurate measurement methods such as weigh scales, volumetric displacement, and material mass balances. Because the industry does not have a uniform set of procedures, you must develop and implement your own site-specific plan for demonstrating compliance before the compliance date for your source. You must also incorporate the plan for demonstrating compliance by reference in the source's title V permit and keep the plan on-site and readily available as long as the source is operational. If you make any changes to the plan for demonstrating compliance, then you must keep all previous versions of the plan and make them readily available for inspection for at least 5 years after each revision. The plan for demonstrating compliance must include the items in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(7) of this section:
(1) The name and address of the owner or operator.
(2) The physical address of the vegetable oil production process.
(3) Method of measurement. Provide a detailed description of all methods of measurement your source will use to determine your solvent losses, HAP content of solvent, and the tons of each type of oilseed processed.
(4) Measurement Frequency. Specify when each measurement will be made.
(5) Calculations. Provide examples of each calculation you will use to determine your compliance status. Include examples of how you will convert data measured with one parameter to other terms for use in compliance determination.
(6) Recordkeeping. Provide example logs of how data will be recorded.
(7) Quality assurance/quality control plan. Provide a plan to ensure that the data continue to meet compliance demonstration needs.
(b) The responsible agency of this subpart may require you to revise your plan for demonstrating compliance. The responsible agency may require reasonable revisions if the procedures lack detail, are inconsistent or do not accurately determine solvent loss, HAP content of the solvent, or the tons of oilseed processed.
You must develop a written startup, shutdown, and malfunction plan in accordance with § 63.6(e)(3) of the General Provisions and implement the plan, when applicable. You must complete the SSM plan before the compliance date for your source. You must also incorporate the SSM plan by reference in your source's title V permit and keep the SSM plan on-site and readily available as long as the source is operational. The SSM plan provides detailed procedures for operating and maintaining your source to minimize emissions during a qualifying SSM event for which the source chooses the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period, or the § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2) initial startup period. The SSM plan must specify a program of corrective action for malfunctioning process and air pollution control equipment and reflect the best practices now in use by the industry to minimize emissions. Some or all of the procedures may come from plans you developed for other purposes such as a Standard Operating Procedure manual or an Occupational Safety and Health Administration Process Safety Management plan. To qualify as a SSM plan, other such plans must meet all the applicable requirements of this subpart.
By the end of each calendar month following an operating month, you must determine the total solvent loss in gallons for the previous operating month. The total solvent loss for an operating month includes all solvent losses that occur during normal operating periods within the operating month. If you have determined solvent losses for 12 or more operating months, then you must also determine the 12 operating months rolling sum of actual solvent loss in gallons by summing the monthly actual solvent loss for the previous 12 operating months. The 12 operating months rolling sum of solvent loss is the “actual solvent loss,” which is used to calculate your compliance ratio as described in § 63.2840.
(a) To determine the actual solvent loss from your source, follow the procedures in your plan for demonstrating compliance to determine the items in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section:
(1) The dates that define each operating status period during a calendar month. The dates that define each operating status period include the beginning date of each calendar month and the date of any change in the source operating status. If the source maintains the same operating status during an entire calendar month, these dates are the beginning and ending dates of the calendar month.
(2) Source operating status. You must categorize the operating status of your source for each recorded time interval in accordance with criteria in Table 1 of this section, as follows:
Table 1 of § 63.2853.—Categorizing Your Source Operating Status
| If during a recorded time interval . . . | then your source operating status is . . . |
|---|---|
| i. your source processes any amount of listed oilseed and your source is not operating under an initial startup period or a malfunction period subject to § 63.2850(c)(2), § 63.2850(d)(2), or § 63.2850(e)(2) | a normal operating period. |
| ii. your source processes no agricultural product and your source is not operating under an initial startup period or malfunction period subject to § 63.2850(c)(2), § 63.2850(d)(2), or § 63.2850(e)(2) | a nonoperating period. |
| iii. you choose to operate your source under an initial startup period subject to § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2) | an initial startup period. |
| iv. you choose to operate your source under a malfunction period subject to § 63.2850(e)(2) | a malfunction period. |
| v. your source processes agricultural products not defined as listed oilseed | an exempt period. |
(3) Measuring the beginning and ending solvent inventory. You are required to measure and record the solvent inventory on the beginning and ending dates of each normal operating period that occurs during an operating month. An operating month is any calendar month with at least one normal operating period. You must consistently follow the procedures described in your plan for demonstrating compliance, as specified in § 63.2851, to determine the extraction solvent inventory, and maintain readily available records of the actual solvent loss inventory, as described in § 63.2862(c)(1). In general, you must measure and record the solvent inventory only when the source is actively processing any type of agricultural product. When the source is not active, some or all of the solvent working capacity is transferred to solvent storage tanks which can artificially inflate the solvent inventory.
(4) Gallons of extraction solvent received. Record the total gallons of extraction solvent received in each shipment. For most processes, the gallons of solvent received represents purchases of delivered solvent added to the solvent storage inventory. However, if your process refines additional vegetable oil from off-site sources, recovers solvent from the off-site oil, and adds it to the on-site solvent inventory, then you must determine the quantity of recovered solvent and include it in the gallons of extraction solvent received.
(5) Solvent inventory adjustments. In some situations, solvent losses determined directly from the measured solvent inventory and quantity of solvent received is not an accurate estimate of the “actual solvent loss” for use in determining compliance ratios. In such cases, you may adjust the total solvent loss for each normal operating period as long as you provide a reasonable justification for the adjustment. Situations that may require adjustments of the total solvent loss include, but are not limited to, situations in paragraphs (a) (5)(i) and (5)(ii) of this section:
(i) Solvent destroyed in a control device. You may use a control device to reduce solvent emissions to meet the emission standard. The use of a control device does not alter the emission limit for the source. If you use a control device that reduces solvent emissions through destruction of the solvent instead of recovery, then determine the gallons of solvent entering the control device and destroyed there during each normal operating period. All solvent destroyed in a control device during a normal operating period can be subtracted from the total solvent loss. Examples of destructive emission control devices include catalytic incinerators, boilers, or flares. Identify and describe in your plan for demonstrating compliance each type of reasonable and sound measurement method that you use to quantify the gallons of solvent entering and exiting the control device and to determine the destruction efficiency of the control device. You may use design evaluations to document the gallons of solvent destroyed or removed by the control device instead of performance testing under § 63.7 of the General Provisions. The design evaluations must be based on the procedures and options described in §§ 63.985(b)(1)(i) (A) through (C) or § 63.11, as appropriate. All data, assumptions, and procedures used in such evaluations must be documented and must be available for inspection. If you use performance testing to determine solvent flow rate to the control device or destruction efficiency of the device, follow the procedures as outlined in § 63.997(e)(1) and (2). Instead of periodic performance testing to demonstrate continued good operation of the control device, you may develop a monitoring plan, following the procedures outlined in § 63.988(c) and using operational parametric measurement devices such as fan parameters, percent measurements of lower explosive limits (LELs), and combustion temperature.
(ii) Changes in solvent working capacity. In records you keep on-site, document any process modifications resulting in changes to the solvent working capacity in your vegetable oil production process. Solvent working capacity is defined in § 63.2872. In general, solvent working capacity is the volume of solvent normally retained in solvent recovery equipment such as the extractor, desolventizer-toaster, solvent storage, working tanks, mineral oil absorber, condensers, and oil/solvent distillation system. If the change occurs during a normal operating period, you must determine the difference in working solvent volume and make a one-time documented adjustment to the solvent inventory.
(b) Use Equation 1 of this section to determine the actual solvent loss occurring from your affected source for all normal operating periods recorded within a calendar month. Equation 1 of this section follows:
Image Not Available
Where:
SOLVB = Gallons of solvent in the inventory at the beginning of normal operating period “i” as determined in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
SOLVE = Gallons of solvent in the inventory at the end of normal operating period “i” as determined in paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
SOLVR = Gallons of solvent received between the beginning and ending inventory dates of normal operating period “i” as determined in paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
SOLVA = Gallons of solvent added or removed from the extraction solvent inventory during normal operating period “i” as determined in paragraph (a)(5) of this section.
n = Number of normal operating periods in a calendar month.
(c) The actual solvent loss is the total solvent losses during normal operating periods for the previous 12 operating months. You determine your actual solvent loss by summing the monthly actual solvent losses for the previous 12 operating months. You must record the actual solvent loss by the end of each calendar month following an operating month. Use the actual solvent loss in Equation 2 in § 63.2840 to determine the compliance ratio. Actual solvent loss does not include losses that occur during operating status periods listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section. If any one of these four operating status periods span an entire month, then the month is treated as nonoperating and there is no compliance ratio determination.
(1) Nonoperating periods as described in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section.
(2) Initial startup periods as described in § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2).
(3) Malfunction periods as described in § 63.2850(e)(2).
(4) Exempt operation periods as described in paragraph (a)(2)(v) of this section.
(a) This section describes the information and procedures you must use to determine the weighted average volume fraction of HAP in extraction solvent received for use in your vegetable oil production process. By the end of each calendar month following an operating month, determine the weighted average volume fraction of HAP in extraction solvent received since the end of the previous operating month. If you have determined the monthly weighted average volume fraction of HAP in solvent received for 12 or more operating months, then also determine an overall weighted average volume fraction of HAP in solvent received for the previous 12 operating months. Use the volume fraction of HAP determined as a 12 operating months weighted average in Equation 2 in § 63.2840 to determine the compliance ratio.
(b) To determine the volume fraction of HAP in the extraction solvent determined as a 12 operating months weighted average, you must comply with paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section:
(1) Record the volume fraction of each HAP comprising more than 1 percent by volume of the solvent in each delivery of solvent, including solvent recovered from off-site oil. To determine the HAP content of the materials used in your operations, the reference method is EPA Method 311 of appendix A of this part. You may use EPA Method 311, an approved alternative method, or any other reasonable means for determining the HAP content. Other reasonable means of determining HAP content include, but are not limited to, a material safety data sheet (MSDS) or a manufacturer's hazardous air pollutant data sheet. You are not required to test the materials that you use, but the Administrator may require a test using EPA Method 311 (or an approved alternative method) to confirm the reported HAP content. However, if the results of an analysis by EPA Method 311 are different from the HAP content determined by another means, the EPA Method 311 results will govern compliance determinations.
(2) Determine the weighted average volume fraction of HAP in the extraction solvent each operating month. The weighted average volume fraction of HAP for an operating month includes all solvent received since the end of the last operating month, regardless of the operating status at the time of the delivery. Determine the monthly weighted average volume fraction of HAP by summing the products of the HAP volume fraction of each delivery and the volume of each delivery and dividing the sum by the total volume of all deliveries as expressed in Equation 1 of this section. Record the result by the end of each calendar month following an operating month. Equation 1 of this section follows:
Image Not Available
Where:
Receivedi = Gallons of extraction solvent received in delivery “i.”
Contenti = The volume fraction of HAP in extraction solvent delivery “i.”
Total Received = Total gallons of extraction solvent received since the end of the previous operating month.
n = Number of extraction solvent deliveries since the end of the previous operating month.
(3) Determine the volume fraction of HAP in your extraction solvent as a 12 operating months weighted average. When your source has processed oilseed for 12 operating months, sum the products of the monthly weighted average HAP volume fraction and corresponding volume of solvent received, and divide the sum by the total volume of solvent received for the 12 operating months, as expressed by Equation 2 of this section. Record the result by the end of each calendar month following an operating month and use it in Equation 2 in § 63.2840 to determine the compliance ratio. Equation 2 of this section follows:
Image Not Available
Where:
Receivedi = Gallons of extraction solvent received in operating month “i” as determined in accordance with § 63.2853(a)(4).
Contenti = Average volume fraction of HAP in extraction solvent received in operating month “i” as determined in accordance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
Total Received = Total gallons of extraction solvent received during the previous 12 operating months.
By the end of each calendar month following an operating month, you must determine the tons of each listed oilseed processed for the operating month. The total oilseed processed for an operating month includes the total of each oilseed processed during all normal operating periods that occur within the operating month. If you have determined the tons of oilseed processed for 12 or more operating months, then you must also determine the 12 operating months rolling sum of each type oilseed processed by summing the tons of each type of oilseed processed for the previous 12 operating months. The 12 operating months rolling sum of each type of oilseed processed is used to calculate the compliance ratio as described in § 63.2840.
(a) To determine the tons of each type of oilseed processed at your source, follow the procedures in your plan for demonstrating compliance to determine the items in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section:
(1) The dates that define each operating status period. The dates that define each operating status period include the beginning date of each calendar month and the date of any change in the source operating status. The dates on each oilseed inventory log must be consistent with the dates recorded for the solvent inventory.
(2) Source operating status. You must categorize the source operation for each recorded time interval. The source operating status for each time interval recorded on the oilseed inventory for each type of oilseed must be consistent with the operating status recorded on the solvent inventory logs as described in § 63.2853(a)(2).
(3) Measuring the beginning and ending inventory for each oilseed. You are required to measure and record the oilseed inventory on the beginning and ending dates of each normal operating period that occurs during an operating month. An operating month is any calendar month with at least one normal operating period. You must consistently follow the procedures described in your plan for demonstrating compliance, as specified in § 63.2851, to determine the oilseed inventory, and maintain readily available records of the oilseed inventory as described by § 63.2862(c)(3).
(4) Tons of each oilseed received. Record the type of oilseed and tons of each shipment of oilseed received and added to your onsite storage.
(5) Oilseed inventory adjustments. In some situations, determining the quantity of oilseed processed directly from the measured oilseed inventory and quantity of oilseed received is not an accurate estimate of the tons of oilseed processed for use in determining compliance ratios. For example, spoiled and molded oilseed removed from storage but not processed by your source will result in an overestimate of the quantity of oilseed processed. In such cases, you must adjust the oilseed inventory and provide a justification for the adjustment. Situations that may require oilseed inventory adjustments include, but are not limited to, the situations listed in paragraphs (a)(5)(i) through (v) if this section:
(i) Oilseed that mold or otherwise become unsuitable for processing.
(ii) Oilseed you sell before it enters the processing operation.
(iii) Oilseed destroyed by an event such as a process malfunction, fire, or natural disaster.
(iv) Oilseed processed through operations prior to solvent extraction such as screening, dehulling, cracking, drying, and conditioning; but that are not routed to the solvent extractor for further processing.
(v) Periodic physical measurements of inventory. For example, some sources periodically empty oilseed storage silos to physically measure the current oilseed inventory. This periodic measurement procedure typically results in a small inventory correction. The correction factor, usually less than 1 percent, may be used to make an adjustment to the source's oilseed inventory that was estimated previously with indirect measurement techniques. To make this adjustment, your plan for demonstrating compliance must provide for such an adjustment.
(b) Use Equation 1 of this section to determine the quantity of each oilseed type processed at your affected source during normal operating periods recorded within a calendar month. Equation 1 of this section follows:
Image Not Available
Where:
SEEDB = Tons of oilseed in the inventory at the beginning of normal operating period “i” as determined in accordance with paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
SEEDE = Tons of oilseed in the inventory at the end of normal operating period “i” as determined in accordance with paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
SEEDR = Tons of oilseed received during normal operating period “i” as determined in accordance with paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
SEEDA = Tons of oilseed added or removed from the oilseed inventory during normal operating period “i” as determined in accordance with paragraph (a)(5) of this section.
n = Number of normal operating periods in the calendar month during which this type oilseed was processed.
(c) The quantity of each oilseed processed is the total tons of each type of listed oilseed processed during normal operating periods in the previous 12 operating months. You determine the tons of each oilseed processed by summing the monthly quantity of each oilseed processed for each oilseed for the previous 12 operating months. You must record the 12 operating months quantity of each type of oilseed processed by the end of each calendar month following an operating month. Use the 12 operating months quantity of each type of oilseed processed to determine the compliance ratio as described in § 63.2840. The quantity of oilseed processed does not include oilseed processed during the operating status periods in paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section. If any one of these four operating status periods span an entire calendar month, then the calendar month is treated as a nonoperating month and there is no compliance ratio determination.
(1) Nonoperating periods as described in § 63.2853 (a)(2)(ii).
(2) Initial startup periods as described in § 63.2850(c)(2) or (d)(2).
(3) Malfunction periods as described in § 63.2850(e)(2).
(4) Exempt operation periods as described in § 63.2853(a)(2)(v).
Notifications, Reports, and Records
You must submit the one-time notifications listed in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section to the responsible agency:
(a) Initial notification for existing sources. For an existing source, submit an initial notification to the responsible agency of this subpart no later than 120 days after the effective date of this subpart. In the notification, include the items in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section:
(1) The name and address of the owner or operator.
(2) The physical address of the vegetable oil production process.
(3) Identification of the relevant standard, such as the vegetable oil production NESHAP in this subpart, and compliance date.
(4) A brief description of the source including the types of listed oilseeds processed, nominal operating capacity, and type of desolventizer(s) used.
(5) A statement designating the source as a major source of HAP or a demonstration that the source meets the definition of an area source. An area source is a source that is not a major source and is not collocated within a plant site with other sources that are individually or collectively a major source.
(b) Initial notifications for new and reconstructed sources. New or reconstructed sources must submit a series of notifications before, during, and after source construction per the schedule listed in § 63.9 of the General Provisions. The information requirements for the notifications are the same as those listed in the General Provisions with the exceptions listed in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section:
(1) The application for approval of construction does not require the specific HAP emission data required in §§ 63.5(d)(1)(ii)(H), 63.5(d)(1)(iii), 63.5(d)(2) and 63.5(d)(3)(ii). The application for approval of construction would include, instead, a brief description of the source including the types of listed oilseeds processed, nominal operating capacity, and type of desolventizer(s) used.
(2) The notification of actual startup date must also include whether you have elected to operate under an initial startup period subject to § 63.2850(c)(2) and provide an estimate and justification for the anticipated duration of the initial startup period.
(c) Significant modification notifications. Any existing or new source that plans to undergo a significant modification as defined in § 63.2872 must submit two reports as described in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section:
(1) Initial notification. You must submit an initial notification to the responsible agency of this subpart 30 days prior to initial startup of the significantly modified source. The initial notification must demonstrate that the proposed changes qualify as a significant modification. The initial notification must include the items in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and (c)(1)(ii) of this section:
(i) The expected startup date of the modified source.
(ii) A description of the significant modification including a list of the equipment that will be replaced or modified. If the significant modification involves changes other than adding or replacing extractors, desolventizer-toasters (conventional and specialty), and meal dryer-coolers, then you must also include: the fixed capital cost of the new components expressed as a percentage of the fixed capital cost to build a comparable new vegetable oil production process, supporting documentation for the cost estimate, and documentation that the proposed changes will significantly affect solvent losses.
(2) Notification of actual startup. You must submit a notification of actual startup date within 15 days after initial startup of the modified source. The notification must include the items in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section:
(i) The initial startup date of the modified source.
(ii) An indication whether you have elected to operate under an initial startup period subject to § 63.2850(d)(2).
(iii) The anticipated duration of any initial startup period.
(iv) A justification for the anticipated duration of any initial startup period.
(d) Notification of compliance status. As an existing, new, or reconstructed source, you must submit a notification of compliance status report to the responsible agency no later than 60 days after determining your initial 12 operating months compliance ratio. If you are an existing source, you generally must submit this notification no later than [50 calendar months after promulgation of these NESHAP] (36 calendar months for compliance, 12 operating months to record data, and 2 calendar months to complete the report). If you are a new or reconstructed source, the notification of compliance status is generally due no later than 20 calendar months after initial startup (6 calendar months for the initial startup period, 12 operating months to record data, and 2 calendar months to complete the report). The notification of compliance status must contain the items in paragraphs (d)(1) through (6) of this section:
(1) The name and address of the owner or operator.
(2) The physical address of the vegetable oil production process.
(3) Each listed oilseed type processed during the previous 12 operating months.
(4) Each HAP identified under § 63.2854(a) as being present in concentrations greater than 1 percent by volume in each delivery of solvent received during the 12 operating months period used for the initial compliance determination.
(5) A statement designating the source as a major source of HAP or a demonstration that the source qualifies as an area source. An area source is a source that is not a major source and is not collocated within a plant site with other sources that are individually or collectively a major source.
(6) A compliance certification indicating whether the source complied with all of the requirements of this subpart throughout the 12 operating months used for the initial source compliance determination. This certification must include a certification of the items in paragraphs (d)(6)(i) through (iii) of this section:
(i) The plan for demonstrating compliance (as described in § 63.2851) and SSM plan (as described in § 63.2852) are complete and available on site for inspection.
(ii) You are following the procedures described in the plan for demonstrating compliance.
(iii) The compliance ratio is less than or equal to 1.00.
After the initial notifications, you must submit the reports in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section to the responsible agency of this subject at the appropriate time intervals:
(a) Annual Compliance Certifications. The first annual compliance certification is due 12 calendar months after you submit the Notification of Compliance Status. Each subsequent annual compliance certification is due 12 calendar months after the previous annual compliance certification. The annual compliance certification provides the compliance status for each operating month during the 12 calendar months period ending 60 days prior to the date on which the report is due. Include the information in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6) of this section in the annual certification:
(1) The name and address of the owner or operator.
(2) The physical address of the vegetable oil production process.
(3) Each listed oilseed type processed during the 12 calendar months period covered by the report.
(4) Each HAP identified under § 63.2854(a) as being present in concentrations greater than 1 percent by volume in each delivery of solvent received during the 12 calendar months period covered by the report.
(5) A statement designating the source as a major source of HAP or a demonstration the source qualifies as an area source. An area source is a source that is not a major source and is not collocated within a plant site with other sources that are individually or collectively a major source.
(6) A compliance certification to indicate whether the source was in compliance for each compliance determination made during the 12 calendar months period covered by the report. For each such compliance determination, you must include a certification of the items in paragraphs (a)(6)(i) through (iii) of this section:
(i) You are following the procedures described in the plan for demonstrating compliance.
(ii) The compliance ratio is less than or equal to 1.00.
(b) Deviation notification report. Submit a deviation report for each compliance determination you make in which the compliance ratio exceeds 1.00 as determined under § 60.2840(c). Submit the deviation report by the end of the month following the calendar month in which you determined the deviation. The deviation notification report must include the items in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of this section:
(1) The name and address of the owner or operator.
(2) The physical address of the vegetable oil production process.
(3) Each oilseed type processed during the 12 operating months period for which you determined the deviation.
(4) The compliance ratio comprising the deviation. You may reduce the frequency of submittal of the Deviation Notification Report if the responsible agency of this subject does not object as provided in § 63.10(e)(3)(iii) of the General Provisions.
(c) Periodic startup, shutdown, and malfunction report. If you choose to operate your source under an initial startup period subject to § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2) or a malfunction period subject to § 63.2850(e)(2), you must submit a periodic SSM report by the end of the calendar month following each month in which the initial startup period or malfunction period occurred. The periodic SSM report must include the items in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(3) of this section:
(1) The name, title, and signature of a source's responsible official who is certifying that the report accurately states that all actions taken during the initial startup or malfunction period were consistent with the SSM plan.
(2) A description of events occurring during the time period, the date and duration of the events, and reason the time interval qualifies as an initial startup period or malfunction period.
(3) An estimate of the solvent loss during the initial startup or malfunction period with supporting documentation.
(d) Immediate SSM Reports. If you handle a SSM during an initial startup period subject to § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2) or a malfunction period subject to § 63.2850(e)(2) differently from procedures in the SSM plan, then you must submit an immediate SSM report. Immediate SSM reports consist of a telephone call or facsimile transmission to the responsible agency within 2 working days after starting actions inconsistent with the SSM plan, followed by a letter within 7 working days after the end of the event. The letter must include the items in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(3) of this section:
(1) The name, title, and signature of a source's responsible official who is certifying the accuracy of the report, an explanation of the event, and the reasons for not following the SSM plan.
(2) A description and date of the SSM event, its duration, and reason it qualifies as a SSM.
(3) An estimate of the solvent loss for the duration of the SSM event with supporting documentation.
(a) You must satisfy the recordkeeping requirements of this section by the compliance date for your source specified in Table 1 in § 63.2834.
(b) Prepare a plan for demonstrating compliance (as described in § 63.2851) and a SSM plan (as described in § 63.2852). In these two plans, describe the procedures you will follow in obtaining and recording data, and determining compliance under normal operations or a SSM subject to § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2) initial startup period or the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period. Complete both plans before the compliance date for your source and keep them on-site and readily available as long as the source is operational.
(c) If your source processes any listed oilseed, record the items in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(5) of this section:
(1) For the solvent inventory, record the information in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (vii) of this section in accordance with your plan for demonstrating compliance:
(i) Dates that define each operating status period during a calendar month.
(ii) The operating status of your source such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup period, malfunction period, or exempt operation for each recorded time interval.
(iii) Record the gallons of extraction solvent in the inventory on the beginning and ending dates of each normal operating period.
(iv) The gallons of all extraction solvent received, purchased, and recovered during each calendar month.
(v) All extraction solvent inventory adjustments, additions or subtractions. You must document the reason for the adjustment and justify the quantity of the adjustment.
(vi) The total solvent loss for each calendar month, regardless of the source operating status.
(vii) The actual solvent loss in gallons for each operating month.
(2) For the weighted average volume fraction of HAP in the extraction solvent, you must record the items in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section:
(i) The gallons of extraction solvent received in each delivery.
(ii) The volume fraction of each HAP exceeding 1 percent by volume in each delivery of extraction solvent.
(iii) The weighted average volume fraction of HAP in extraction solvent received since the end of the last operating month as determined in accordance with § 63.2854(b)(2).
(3) For each type of oilseed processed, record the items in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) through (vi) of this section, in accordance with your plan for demonstrating compliance:
(i) The dates that define each operating status period. These dates must be the same as the dates entered for the extraction solvent inventory.
(ii) The operating status of your source such as normal operation, nonoperating, initial startup period, malfunction period, or exempt operation for each recorded time interval. On the log for each type of oilseed that is not being processed during a normal operating period, you must record which type of oilseed is being processed in addition to the source operating status.
(iii) The oilseed inventory for the type of oilseed being processed on the beginning and ending dates of each normal operating period.
(iv) The tons of each type of oilseed received at the affected source each normal operating period.
(v) All oilseed inventory adjustments, additions or subtractions for normal operating periods. You must document the reason for the adjustment and justify the quantity of the adjustment.
(vi) The tons of each type of oilseed processed during each operating month.
(d) After your source has processed oilseed for 12 operating months, and you are not operating during an initial startup period as described in § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2), or a malfunction period as described in § 63.2850(e)(2), record the items in paragraphs (d)(1) through (5) of this section by the end of the calendar month following each operating month:
(1) The 12 operating month rolling sum of the actual solvent loss in gallons as described in § 63.2853(c).
(2) The weighted average volume fraction of HAP in extraction solvent received for the previous 12 operating months as described in § 63.2854(b)(3).
(3) The 12 operating months rolling sum of each type of oilseed processed at the affected source in tons as described in § 63.2855(c).
(4) A determination of the compliance ratio. Using the values from §§ 63.2853, 63.2854, 63.2855, and Table 1 in § 63.2840, calculate the compliance ratio using Equation 2 in § 63.2840.
(5) A statement of whether the source is in compliance with all of the requirements of this subpart. This includes a determination of whether you have met all of the applicable requirements in § 63.2850.
(e) For each SSM event subject to an initial startup period as described in § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2), or a malfunction period as described in § 63.2850(e)(2), record the items in paragraphs (e)(1) through (3) of this section by the end of the calendar month following each month in which the initial startup period or malfunction period occurred:
(1) A description and date of the SSM event, its duration, and reason it qualifies as an initial startup or malfunction.
(2) An estimate of the solvent loss in gallons for the duration of the initial startup or malfunction period with supporting documentation.
(3) A checklist or other mechanism to indicate whether the SSM plan was followed during the initial startup or malfunction period.
(a) Your records must be in a form suitable and readily available for review in accordance with § 63.10(b)(1) of the General Provisions.
(b) As specified in § 63.10(b)(1) of the General Provisions, you must keep each record for 5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
(c) You must keep each record on site for at least 2 years after the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record, in accordance with § 63.10(b)(1) of the General Provisions. You can keep the records offsite for the remaining 3 years.
Other Requirements and Information
Table 1 of this section shows which parts of the General Provisions in §§ 63.1 through 63.13 apply to you. Table 1 of § 63.2870 follows:
Table 1 of § 63.2870.—Applicability of 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart A, to 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart GGGG
| General provisions citation | Subject of citation | Brief description of requirement | Applies to subpart | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. § 63.1 | Applicability | Initial Applicability Determination; Applicability After Standard Established; Permit Requirements; Extensions, Notifications | Yes | |
| 2. § 63.2 | Definitions | Definitions for Part 63 standards | Yes | Except as specifically provided in this subpart. |
| 3. § 63.3 | Units and Abbreviations | Units and abbreviations for Part 63 standards | Yes | |
| 4. § 63.4 | Prohibited Activities and Circumvention | Prohibited Activities; Compliance date; Circumvention, Severability | Yes | |
| 5. § 63.5 | Construction/Reconstruction | Applicability; Applications; Approvals | Yes | Except for paragraphs of § 63.5 as listed in this table. |
| 6. § 63.5(c) | [Reserved] | |||
| 7. § 63.5(d) (1)(ii) (H) | Application for Approval | Type and quantity of HAP, operating parameters | No | All sources emit HAP. Subpart GGGG does not require control from specific emission points. |
| 8. § 63.5(d)(1)(i) | [Reserved] | |||
| 9. § 63.5(d)(1)(iii), (d)(2), (d)(3)(ii) | Application for approval | No | The requirements of the application for approval for new, reconstructed and significantly modified sources are described in § 63.2860 (b) and (c) of subpart GGGG. General provision requirements for identification of HAP emission points or estimates of actual emissions are not required. Descriptions of control and methods, and the estimated and actual control efficiency of such do not apply. Requirements for describing control equipment and the estimated and actual control efficiency of such equipment apply only to control equipment to which the subpart GGGG requirements for quantifying solvent destroyed by an add-on control device would be applicable. | |
| 10. § 63.6 | Applicability of GP | Applicability of GP | Yes | Except for paragraphs of § 63.6 as listed in this table. |
| 11. § 63.6(b) (1)-(3) | Compliance dates, new and reconstructed sources | No | Section 63.2834 of Subpart GGGG specifies the compliance dates for new and reconstructed sources. | |
| 12. § 63.6(b)(6) | [Reserved] | |||
| 13. § 63.6(c)(3)-(c)(4) | [Reserved] | |||
| 14. § 63.6(d) | [Reserved] | |||
| 15. § 63.6(e) | Operation and maintenance requirements | Yes | Implement your SSM plan, as specified in § 63.2851 of subpart GGGG. | |
| 16. § 63.6 (f)-(g) | Compliance with Nonopacity Emission Standards Except During SSM | Comply with emission standards at all times except during SSM | No | Subpart GGGG does not have nonopacity requirements. |
| 17. § 63.6(h) | Opacity/Visible Emission (VE) Standards | No | Subpart GGGG has no opacity or visual emission standards. | |
| 18. § 63.6(i) | Compliance Extension | Procedures and criteria for responsible agency to grant compliance extension | Yes | |
| 19. § 63.6(j) | Presidential Compliance Exemption | President may exempt source category from requirement to comply with subpart | Yes | |
| 20. § 63.7 | Performance Testing Requirements | Schedule, conditions, notifications and procedures | Yes | Subpart GGGG requires performance testing only if the source applies additional control that destroys solvent. Section 63.2850(a)(6) requires sources to follow the performance testing guidelines of the General Provisions if a control is added. |
| 21. § 63.8 | Monitoring Requirements | No | Subpart GGGG does not require monitoring other than as specified therein. | |
| 22. § 63.9 | Notification Requirements | Applicability and state delegation | Yes | Except for paragraphs of § 63.9 as listed in this table. |
| 23. § 63.9(b)(2) | Notification Requirements | Initial notification requirements for existing sources | No | Section 63.2860(a) of subpart GGGG specifies the requirements of the initial notification for existing sources. |
| 24. § 63.9(b) (3)-(5) | Notification Requirements | Notification requirement for certain new/reconstructed sources | Yes | Except the information requirements differ as described in § 63.2860(b) of subpart GGGG. |
| 25. § 63.9(e) | Notification of Performance Test | Notify responsible agency 60 days ahead | Yes | Applies only if performance testing is performed. |
| 26. § 63.9(f) | Notification of VE/Opacity Observations | Notify responsible agency 30 days ahead | No | Subpart GGGG has no opacity or visual emission standards. |
| 27. § 63.9(g) | Additional Notifications When Using a Continuous Monitoring System (CMS) | Notification of performance evaluation; Notification using COMS data; Notification that exceeded criterion for relative accuracy | No | Subpart GGGG has no CMS requirements. |
| 28. § 63.9(h) | Notification of Compliance Status | Contents | No | Section 63.2860(d) of subpart GGGG specifies requirements for the notification of compliance status. |
| 29. § 63.10 | Recordkeeping/Reporting | Schedule for Reporting, record storage | Yes | Except for paragraphs of § 63.10 as listed in this table. |
| 30. § 63.10(b)(2)(i) | Recordkeeping | Record SSM event | Yes | Applicable to periods when sources must implement their SSM plan as specified in subpart GGGG. |
| 31. § 63.10(b)(2) (ii)-(iii) | Recordkeeping | Malfunction of air pollution equipment | No | Applies only if air pollution control equipment has been added to the process and is necessary for the source to meet the emission limit. |
| 32. § 63.10(b)(2)(vi) | Recordkeeping | CMS recordkeeping | No | Subpart GGGG has no CMS requirements. |
| 33. § 63.10(b)(2) (viii)-(ix) | Recordkeeping | Conditions of performance test | Yes | Applies only if performance tests are performed. Subpart GGGG does not have any CMS opacity or visible emissions observation requirements. |
| 34. § 63.10(b)(2) (x)-(xii) | Recordkeeping | CMS, performance testing, and opacity and visible emissions observations recordkeeping | No | Subpart GGGG does not require CMS. |
| 35. § 63.10(c) | Recordkeeping | Additional CMS recordkeeping | No | Subpart GGGG does not require CMS. |
| 36. § 63.10(d)(2) | Reporting | Reporting performance test results | Yes | Applies only if performance testing is performed. |
| 37. § 63.10(d)(3) | Reporting | Reporting opacity or VE observations | No | Subpart GGGG has no opacity or visible emission standards. |
| 38. § 63.10(d)(4) | Reporting | Progress reports | Yes | Applies if a condition of compliance extension. |
| 39. § 63.10(d)(5) | Reporting | SSM reporting | No | Section 63.2861 (c) and (d) of subpart GGGG specifies SSM reporting requirements. |
| 40. § 63.10(e) | Reporting | Additional CMS reports | No | Subpart GGGG does not require CMS. |
| 41. § 63.11 | Control Device Requirements | Requirements for flares | Yes | Applies only if your source uses a flare to control solvent emissions. Subpart GGGG does not require flares. |
| 42. § 63.12 | State Authority and Delegations | State authority to enforce standards | Yes | |
| 43. § 63.13 | State/Regional Addresses | Addresses where reports, notifications, and requests are sent | Yes | |
| 44. § 63.14 | Incorporation by Reference | Test methods incorporated by reference | Yes | |
| 45. § 63.15 | Availability of information and confidentiality | Public and confidential information | Yes |
(a) This subpart can be administered by us, the U.S. EPA, or a delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to your State, local, or tribal agency, then that agency has the authority to administer and enforce this regulation. You should contact your U.S. EPA Regional Office to find out if the authority to implement and enforce this regulation is delegated to your State, local, or tribal agency.
(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under subpart E of this part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are retained by the Administrator of U.S. EPA and are not transferred to the State, local, or tribal agency.
(c) The authorities that will not be delegated to State, local, or tribal agencies are as follows:
(1) Approval of alternative nonopacity emissions standards under § 63.6(g).
(2) Approval of alternative opacity standards under § 63.6(h)(9).
(3) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under § 63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f) and as defined in § 63.90.
(4) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under § 63.8(f) and as defined in § 63.90.
(5) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting under § 63.10(f) and as defined in § 63.90.
Terms used in this subpart are defined in the sources listed in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section:
(a) The Clean Air Act, title III, section 112(a).
(b) In 40 § 63.2, the NESHAP General Provisions.
(c) In this section as follows:
Actual solvent loss means the gallons of solvent lost from a source during 12 operating months as determined in accordance with § 63.2853.
Agricultural product means any commercially grown plant or plant product.
Allowable HAP loss means the gallons of HAP that would have been lost from a source if the source was operating at the solvent loss factor for each oilseed type. The allowable HAP loss in gallons is determined by multiplying the tons of each oilseed type processed during the previous 12 operating months, as determined in accordance with § 63.2855, by the corresponding oilseed solvent loss factor (gal/ton) listed in Table 1 in § 63.2840, and by the dimensionless constant 0.64, and summing the result for all oilseed types processed.
Area source means any source that does not meet the major source definition.
Batch operation means any process that operates in a manner where the addition of raw material and withdrawal of product do not occur simultaneously. Typically, raw material is added to a process, operational steps occur, and a product is removed from the process. More raw material is then added to the process and the cycle repeats.
Calendar month means 1 month as specified in a calendar.
Compliance date means the date on which monthly compliance recordkeeping begins. For existing sources, recordkeeping typically begins 3 years after [the promulgation date of the subpart]. For new and reconstructed sources, recordkeeping typically begins upon initial startup, except as noted in § 63.2834.
Compliance ratio means a ratio of the actual HAP loss in gallons from the previous 12 operating months to an allowable HAP loss in gallons, which is determined by using oilseed solvent loss factors in Table 1 in § 63.2840, the weighted average volume fraction of HAP in solvent received for the previous 12 operating months, and the tons of each type of listed oilseed processed in the previous 12 operating months. Months during which no listed oilseed is processed, or months during which the § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2) initial startup period or the § 63.2850(e)(2) malfunction period applies, are excluded from this calculation. Equation 2 in § 63.2840 of this subpart is used to calculate this value. If the value is less than or equal to 1.00, the source is in compliance. If the value is greater than 1.00, the source is deviating from compliance.
Continuous operation means any process that adds raw material and withdraws product simultaneously. Mass, temperature, concentration and other properties typically approach steady-state conditions.
Conventional desolventizer means a desolventizer toaster that operates with indirect and direct-contact steam to remove solvent from the extracted meal. Oilseeds processed in a conventional desolventizer produce crude vegetable oil and crude meal products, such as animal feed.
Corn germ dry milling means a source that processes corn germ that has been separated from the other corn components using a “dry” process of mechanical chafing and air sifting.
Corn germ wet milling means a source that processes corn germ that has been separated from other corn components using a “wet” process of centrifuging a slurry steeped in a dilute sulfurous acid solution.
Exempt period means a period of time during which a source processes agricultural products not defined as listed oilseed.
Extraction solvent means an organic chemical medium used to remove oil from an oilseed. Typically, the extraction solvent is a commercial grade of hexane isomers which have an approximate HAP content of 64 percent by volume.
Hazardous air pollutant (HAP) means any substance or mixture of substances listed as a hazardous air pollutant under section 112(b) of the Clean Air Act, as of May 26, 2000.
Initial startup date means the first calendar day that a new, reconstructed or significantly modified source processes any oilseed.
Initial startup period means a period of time from the initial startup date of a new, reconstructed or significantly modified source, for which you choose to operate the source under an initial startup period subject to § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2). During an initial startup period, a source is in compliance with the standards by following the operating and maintenance procedures listed for minimizing HAP emissions in the source's SSM plan rather than being subject to a HAP emission limit. The initial startup period following initial startup of a new or reconstructed source may not exceed 6 calendar months. The initial startup period following a significant modification may not exceed 3 calendar months. Solvent and oilseed inventory information recorded during the initial startup period is excluded from use in any compliance ratio determinations.
Large cottonseed plant means a vegetable oil production process that processes 120,000 tons or more of cottonseed and other listed oilseed during all normal operating periods in a 12 operating month period used to determine compliance. Listed oilseed is defined with the entry for oilseed.
Malfunction period means a period of time between the beginning and end of a process malfunction and the time reasonably necessary for a source to correct the malfunction for which you choose to operate the source under a malfunction period subject to § 63.2850(e)(2). This period may include the duration of an unscheduled process shutdown, continued operation during a malfunction, or the subsequent process startup after a shutdown resulting from a malfunction. During a malfunction period, a source complies with the standards by following the operating and maintenance procedures described for minimizing HAP emissions in the source's SSM plan rather than being subject to a HAP emission limit. Therefore, solvent and oilseed inventory information recorded during a malfunction period is excluded from use in any compliance ratio determinations.
Mechanical extraction means removing vegetable oil from oilseeds using only mechanical devices such as presses or screws that physically force the oil from the oilseed. Mechanical extraction techniques use no organic solvents to remove oil from an oilseed.
Nonoperating period means any period of time in which a source processes no agricultural product. This operating status does not apply during any period in which the source operates under an initial startup period as described in § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2), or a malfunction period, as described in § 63.2850(e)(2).
Normal operating period means any period of time in which a source processes a listed oilseed that is not categorized as an initial startup period as described in § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2), or a malfunction period, as described in § 63.2850(e)(2). At the beginning and ending dates of a normal operating period, solvent and oilseed inventory information is recorded and included in the compliance ratio determination.
Oilseed or listed oilseed means the following agricultural products: corn germ, cottonseed, flax, peanut, rapeseed (for example, canola), safflower, soybean, and sunflower.
Oilseed solvent loss factor means a ratio expressed as gallons of solvent loss per ton of oilseed processed. A solvent loss factor was determined for each type of listed oilseed and process operation based on the MACT floor. The solvent loss factors are presented in Table 1 in § 63.2840 and are used to determine the allowable HAP loss.
Operating month means any calendar month in which a source processes any quantity of listed oilseed, excluding any entire calendar month in which the source operated under an initial startup period as described in § 63.2850(c)(2) or § 63.2850(d)(2), or a malfunction period, as described in § 63.2850(e)(2). An operating month may include time intervals characterized by several types of operating status. However, an operating month must have at least one normal operating period.
Significant modification means the addition of new equipment or the modification of existing equipment that:
(1) Significantly affects solvent losses from your vegetable oil production process;
(2) The fixed capital cost of the new components represents a significant percentage of the fixed capital cost of building a comparable new vegetable oil production process; and
(3) The fixed capital cost of the new equipment does not constitute reconstruction as defined in § 63.2 of the General Provisions.
(4) Examples of significant modifications include replacement of or major changes to solvent recovery equipment such as extractors, desolventizer-toasters/dryer-coolers, flash desolventizers, and distillation equipment associated with the mineral oil system, and equipment affecting desolventizing efficiency and steady state operation of your vegetable oil production process such as flaking mills, oilseed heating and conditioning equipment, and cracking mills.
Small cottonseed plant means a vegetable oil production process that processes less than 120,000 tons of cottonseed and other listed oilseed during all normal operating periods in a 12 operating month period used to determine compliance.
Solvent extraction means removing vegetable oil from listed oilseed using an organic solvent in a direct-contact system.
Solvent working capacity means the volume of extraction solvent normally retained in solvent recovery equipment. Examples include components such as the solvent extractor, desolventizer-toaster, solvent storage and working tanks, mineral oil absorption system, condensers, and oil/solvent distillation system.
Specialty desolventizer means a desolventizer that removes excess solvent from soybean meal using vacuum conditions, energy from superheated solvent vapors, or reduced operating conditions (e.g., temperature) as compared to the typical operation of a conventional desolventizer. Soybeans processed in a specialty desolventizer result in high-protein vegetable meal products for human and animal consumption, such as calf milk replacement products and meat extender products.
Vegetable oil production process means the equipment comprising a continuous process for producing crude vegetable oil and meal products, including specialty soybean products, in which oil is removed from listed oilseeds through direct contact with an organic solvent. Process equipment typically includes the following components: Oilseed preparation operations (including conditioning, drying, dehulling, and cracking), solvent extractors, desolventizer-toasters, meal dryers, meal coolers, meal conveyor systems, oil distillation units, solvent evaporators and condensers, solvent recovery system (also referred to as a mineral oil absorption system), vessels storing solvent-laden materials, and crude meal packaging and storage vessels. A vegetable oil production process does not include vegetable oil refining operations (including operations such as bleaching, hydrogenation, and deodorizing) and operations that engage in additional chemical treatment of crude soybean meals produced in specialty desolventizer units (including operations such as soybean isolate production).
[FR Doc. 00-12794 Filed 5-25-00; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P