AGENCY:
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION:
Final rule.
SUMMARY:
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is announcing the Agency's approval of alternative testing methods for use in measuring the levels of contaminants in drinking water and determining compliance with national primary drinking water regulations. The Safe Drinking Water Act authorizes the EPA to approve the use of alternative testing methods through publication in the Federal Register. The EPA is using this authority to make 100 additional methods available for analyzing drinking water samples. This expedited approach provides public water systems, laboratories, and primacy agencies with more timely access to new measurement techniques and greater flexibility in the selection of analytical methods, thereby reducing monitoring costs while maintaining public health protection.
DATES:
This action is effective October 12, 2018.
ADDRESSES:
The EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558. All documents in the docket are listed on the https://www.regulations.gov/ Website. Although listed in the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., confidential business information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available electronically through https://www.regulations.gov/.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Glynda Smith, Technical Support Center, Standards and Risk Management Division, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water (MS 140), Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; telephone number: (513) 569-7652; email address: smith.glynda@epa.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. General Information
A. Does this action apply to me?
Public water systems are the regulated entities required to measure contaminants in drinking water samples. The EPA Regions as well as states and tribal governments with authority to administer the regulatory program for public water systems under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) may also measure contaminants in water samples. When the EPA sets a monitoring requirement in its national primary drinking water regulations for a given contaminant, the Agency also establishes (in the regulations) standardized test procedures for analysis of the contaminant. This action makes alternative testing methods available for particular drinking water contaminants beyond the testing methods currently established in the regulations. The EPA is providing public water systems, required to test water samples, with a choice of using either a test procedure already established in the existing regulations or an alternative testing method that has been approved in this action or in prior expedited approval actions. Categories and entities that may ultimately be interested in this expedited methods approval action include:
This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides the EPA's guide for readers regarding entities likely to be interested in this action. Other types of entities not listed in the table may also have some interest. To determine whether this action may concern your facility, you should carefully examine the applicability language in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 40 CFR 141.2 (definition of a public water system). If you have questions regarding the applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.
Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in This Action
APHA: American Public Health Association
ATP: Alternate Test Procedure
CBI: Confidential Business Information
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations
EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NAICS: North American Industry Classification System
QC: Quality Control
QCS: Quality Control Sample
SDWA: The Safe Drinking Water Act
SM: Standard Method
VCSB: Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies
II. Background
A. What is the purpose of this action?
In this action, the EPA is approving 100 analytical methods for determining contaminant concentrations in drinking water samples collected under the SDWA. Regulated entities required to sample and monitor may use either the testing methods already established in existing national primary drinking water regulations or the alternative testing methods being approved under this action or in prior expedited approval actions. The new methods are listed along with other methods similarly approved through previous expedited actions in 40 CFR part 141, Appendix A to subpart C and on the EPA's drinking water methods website at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.
B. What is the basis for this action?
When the EPA determines that an alternative analytical method is “equally effective” (i.e., as effective as a method that has already been promulgated in the regulations), the SDWA allows the EPA to approve the use of the alternative testing method through publication in the Federal Register (see section 1401(1) of the SDWA). The EPA is using this approval authority to make 100 additional methods available for determining contaminant concentrations in drinking water samples collected under the SDWA. The EPA has determined that, for each contaminant or group of contaminants listed in Section III of this action, the additional testing methods being approved are as effective as one or more of the testing methods already approved in the regulations for those contaminants. Section 1401(1) of the SDWA states that the newly approved methods “shall be treated as an alternative for public water systems to the quality control and testing procedures listed in the regulation.” Accordingly, this action makes these additional 100 analytical methods legally available as options for meeting the EPA's monitoring requirements.
This action does not add regulatory language; however, for informational purposes, the action updates an appendix to the regulations at 40 CFR part 141, which lists all methods approved under section 1401(1) of the SDWA. Accordingly, while this action is not a rule, it is updating CFR text and therefore is being published under the “Final Rules” section of the Federal Register.
III. Summary of Approvals
The EPA is approving 100 methods that are equally effective relative to methods previously promulgated in the regulations. This action adds these 100 methods to Appendix A to subpart C of 40 CFR part 141.
A. Methods Developed by the EPA
1. EPA Method 900.0, Revision 1.0, Determination of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta in Drinking Water (USEPA 2018). EPA Method 900.0 (USEPA 1980) was promulgated in the drinking water regulations at 40 CFR 141.25(a) as a screening method for alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides. EPA Method 900.0, Revision 1.0 was developed in response to comments from radiochemistry stakeholders indicating that the older, approved method does not address newer instrumental capabilities such as simultaneous alpha/beta counting and the concomitant need to properly address crosstalk. Moreover, stakeholders requested that a method revision provide more in-depth calibration details and quality control criteria to assure a more robust procedure capable of yielding improved consistency in generating and evaluating analytical results. EPA Method 900.0, Revision 1.0 addresses those concerns and also corrects specific disparities between requirements in the promulgated Method 900.0 and the criteria defined in the regulations. For example, the approved Method 900.0 defines americium-241 as the gross alpha calibrant. However, americium-241 is not approved in the regulations at 40 CFR 141.25(a); footnote 11 to the table at 40 CFR 141.25(a) states that only natural uranium and thorium-230 are approved calibration standards for gross alpha evaporative methods (i.e., Method 900.0). Americium-241 is only approved as an alpha calibrant for co-precipitation methods.
The revised method also addresses the important issue of the time interval involved between sample preparation and counting. Timing events can have a significant impact on gross alpha results. The gross alpha maximum contaminant level specified at 40 CFR 141.66(c) is 15 pCi/L and excludes radon and uranium activity. The promulgated method specifies a minimum 72-hour hold time after preparation before counting the samples. Such a delay can allow radon ingrowth along with its alpha-emitting progeny. The revised method eliminates the hold time in order to more accurately meet the intent of the gross alpha maximum contaminant level specification.
The EPA has determined that EPA Method 900.0, Revision 1.0 is equally as effective for determining gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity as the promulgated method. The basis for this determination is discussed in greater detail in Smith 2018a. Therefore, the EPA is approving EPA Method 900.0, Revision 1.0 for the routine determination of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity in drinking water. EPA Method 900.0 Rev 1.0 is available at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications.
B. Methods Developed by Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies (VCSB)
1. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (Standard Methods). The 23rd edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA 2017) was published in July 2017. The EPA compared 89 methods in the 23rd edition to earlier versions of those methods that are promulgated in 40 CFR parts 141 and 143. Changes between the promulgated version and the version of each method published in the 23rd edition are summarized in Smith and Wendelken (2018) and Best (2018). The revisions primarily involve editorial changes (e.g., correction of errors, procedural clarifications, and reorganization of text). Errors in the nitrate methods (4500-NO3− D, E, and F) have been addressed in an appropriate errata sheet prepared for the 23rd edition (APHL 2018). The methods in the following table are the same as the earlier approved versions with respect to the sample handling protocols, analytical procedures, and method performance data. For these reasons, the EPA has concluded that the versions in the 23rd edition are equally effective relative to the promulgated versions in the regulations. Therefore, the EPA is approving the use of 89 Standard Methods in the 23rd edition for the contaminants and their respective regulations listed in the following table:
Two additional methods from earlier editions of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater are being approved under this action: Standard Method 4500-CN− C in the 21st edition (APHA 2005) and Standard Method 4500-CN− C in the 22nd edition (APHA 2012). Also, the identical online version, Standard Method 4500-CN− C-99 (APHA 1999d) is being approved. The originally approved method, Standard Method 4500-CN− C in the 20th edition (APHA 1998) specified addition of magnesium chloride in the distillation. Beginning with the 1999 online method, and in the subsequent 21st and 22nd editions, Standard Methods made the addition of magnesium chloride optional, without providing supporting data to verify that distillation efficiency was not adversely affected when magnesium chloride was not used. As a result, the EPA did not approve Standard Method 4500-CN− C in the 1999 online method and subsequent editions of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The distillation performed in Standard Method 4500-CN− C is required prior to conducting the analyses for all of the other approved cyanide methods. As a result, laboratories conducting cyanide analyses for drinking water compliance have had to rely on the approved version in the 20th edition. That may result in confusion because laboratories that also conduct cyanide analyses for wastewaters use the more recently published Standard Methods. In order to address this issue, the EPA is approving Standard Method 4500-CN− C in the editions and online version as stated above, but with the requirement to add magnesium chloride in the distillation. The cyanide entry in Appendix A to subpart C of part 141 has been revised to clarify this requirement.
The 23rd edition can be obtained from the American Public Health Association (APHA), 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710. Approved online versions are available at http://www.standardmethods.org.
2. ASTM International. The EPA compared the most recent versions of five ASTM International methods to the earlier versions of those methods that are promulgated in 40 CFR part 141. Most of the changes in the updated versions include additional quality control specifications.
Changes between the earlier approved version and the most recent version of each method are described more fully in Smith (2018b). Besides additional quality control, the revisions involve (primarily) editorial changes (e.g., updated references, definitions, terminology, procedural clarifications, and reorganization of text). The revised methods are the same as the promulgated versions with respect to sample collection and handling protocols, sample preparation, analytical methodology, and method performance data; thus, the EPA finds that they are equally effective relative to the promulgated methods.
The EPA is thus approving the use of the following ASTM International methods for the contaminants and their respective regulations listed in the following table:
| ASTM revised version | Approved method | Contaminant | Regulation citations |
|---|---|---|---|
| D 516-16 (ASTM 2016a) | D 516-02 (ASTM 2002a) | Sulfate | 40 CFR 143.4(b). |
| D 859-16 (ASTM 2016b) | D 859-00 (ASTM 2000) | Silica | 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1). |
| D 1067-16 B (ASTM 2016c) | D 1067-02 B (ASTM 2002b) | Alkalinity | 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1). |
| D 1179-16 B (ASTM 2016d) | D 1179-99 B (ASTM 1999) | Fluoride | 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1). |
| D 5673-16 (ASTM 2016e) | D 5673-03 (ASTM 2003) | Uranium | 40 CFR 141.25(a). |
The ASTM methods are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or http://www.astm.org.
C. Methods Developed by Vendors
1. Hach Method 10258, Rev. 2.0. Determination of Turbidity by 360° Nephelometry, March 2018 (Hach Company 2018a). In July 2016, Hach Method 10258, Rev. 1.0 (Hach Company 2016) was approved in an expedited methods approval action (USEPA 2016) as an equally effective alternate method to the Hach FilterTrak Method 10133 (Hach Company 2000), which is approved at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1), for determination of turbidity in drinking water.
Turbidimeter calibration and calibration verification have remained unchanged since promulgation of turbidity methods in 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1). Calibration and quarterly calibration validation through analysis of a Quality Control Sample (QCS) require preparation of a primary calibration standard. Sealed standards are considered as secondary calibration standards and used only as calibration verification checks between the quarterly calibration validation QCS evaluations.
Public water systems utilize multiple turbidimeters and many of the units are in line with process streams. The time and cost associated with preparing quarterly primary calibration standards can be significant. In 2016, Hach Company began to manufacture glass flame-sealed vials prefilled with StablCalTM, which is an approved primary calibration standard. From December 2016 through March 2018, Hach conducted a long-term stability study with a set of sealed vials containing StablCal to determine whether the integrity of the vials and stability of the primary calibration standard could be maintained. After 515 days (1.4 years), the sealed StablCal primary calibration standards exhibited a %bias of <0.1% and relative standard deviation of 0.7% compared to the initial certified turbidity values, indicating that no degradation of the StablCal primary calibration standard occurred. The results of this study are discussed further in the validation report (Hach Company 2018b).
Hach Method 10258, Rev. 2.0 is an updated version of the promulgated Hach Method 10258, Rev. 1.0. The updated method provides for use of glass flame-sealed vials prefilled with StablCal as primary calibration standards, secondary calibration verification standards, and QCS checks. The EPA has determined that Hach Method 10258, Rev. 2.0 is equally as effective as the promulgated Hach Method 10258, Rev. 1.0. The basis for this determination is discussed in Adams and Smith (2018). Therefore, the EPA is approving Hach Method 10258, Rev. 2.0 for the determination of turbidity in drinking water. Hach Method 10258, Rev. 2.0 can be obtained from Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, Colorado 80539.
2. Hach Method 8195, Rev. 3.0. Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry, March 2018 (Hach Company 2018c). On April 20, 1998, the EPA Office of Water issued a letter (USEPA 1998) addressing the use of Hach Method 8195 (Hach Company 1997) as an alternate method to EPA Method 180.1 (USEPA 1993) for drinking water compliance monitoring of turbidity. Hach Method 8195 established the same requirements for primary calibration standards, secondary calibration verification standards, and QCS checks as described for Hach Method 10258, Rev. 1.0 in Section III.C.1 of this action. Hach Method 8195, Rev. 3.0 is an updated version of the 1997 Hach Method 8195. The updated method provides for use of glass flame-sealed vials prefilled with StablCal as primary calibration standards, secondary calibration verification standards, and QCS checks. The EPA has determined that Hach Method 8195, Rev. 3.0 is equally as effective as the 1997 Hach Method 8195 and EPA Method 180.1. The basis for this determination is discussed in Adams and Smith (2018). Therefore, the EPA is approving Hach Method 8195, Rev. 3.0 for the determination of turbidity in drinking water. Hach Method 8195, Rev. 3.0 can be obtained from Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, Colorado 80539.
IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
As noted in Section II of this action, under the terms of the SDWA, section 1401(1), this streamlined method approval action is not a rule. Accordingly, the Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, does not apply because this action is not a rule for purposes of 5 U.S.C. 804(3). Similarly, this action is not subject to the Regulatory Flexibility Act because it is not subject to notice and comment requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any other statute. In addition, because this approval action is not a rule, but simply makes alternative testing methods available as options for monitoring under the SDWA, the EPA has concluded that other statutes and executive orders generally applicable to rulemaking do not apply to this approval action.
V. References
Adams and Smith. 2018. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited approval of Hach Company Methods 10258, Rev. 2.0 and 8195, Rev. 3.0. July 29, 2018. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1994. Standard Method 6251 B-94. Disinfection By-Products: Haloacetic Acids and Trichlorophenol. B. Micro Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas Chromatographic Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1994. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Associate (APHA). 1995. 19th Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997a. Standard Method 2150 B-97. Odor. B. Threshold Odor Test. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997b. Standard Method 2320 B-97. Alkalinity. B. Titration Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997c. Standard Method 2510 B-97. Conductivity. B. Laboratory Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997d. Standard Method 2540 C-97. Solids. C. Total Dissolved Solids Dried at 180 °C. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997e. Standard Method 3114 B-97. Arsenic and Selenium by Hydride Generation/Atomic Emission Spectrometry. B. Manual Hydride Generation/Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997f. Standard Method 3500-Ca B-97. Calcium. B. EDTA Titrimetric Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997g. Standard Method 3500-Mg B-97. Magnesium. B. Calculation Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997h. Standard Methods 4500-Cl− B, D-97. Chloride. B. Argentometric Method. D. Potentiometric Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997i. Standard Methods 4500-F− B, C, D, E-97. Fluoride. B. Preliminary Distillation Step. C. Ion-Selective Electrode Method. D. SPADNS Method. E. Complexone Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997j. Standard Method 4500-O3 B-97. Ozone (Residual). B. Indigo Colorimetric Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997k. Standard Methods 4500-SiO2 C, D, E-97. Silica. C. Molybdosilicate Method. D. Heteropoly Blue Method. E. Automated Method for Molybdate-Reactive Silica. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997l. Standard Method 7120 B-97. Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides. B. Gamma Spectroscopic Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1998. 20th Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1999a. Standard Methods 3111 B, D-99. Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. B. Direct Air-Acetylene Flame Method. D. Direct Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1999. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1999b. Standard method 3112 B-99. Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. B. Cold-Vapor Spectrometric Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1999. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1999c. Standard Method 3120 B-99. Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy. B. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1999. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1999d. Standard Method 4500-CN− C-99. Cyanide. C. Total Cyanide after Distillation. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1999. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000a. Standard Method 2550-00. Temperature. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000b. Standard Method 4110 B-00. Determination of Anions by Ion Chromatography. B. Ion Chromatography with Chemical Suppression of Eluent Conductivity. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000c. Standard Methods 4500-Cl D, E, F, G, H, I-00. Chlorine (Residual). D. Amperometric Titration Method. E. Low-Level Amperometric Titration Method. F. DPD Ferrous Titrimetric Method. G. DPD Colorimetric Method. H. Syringaldehyde (FACTS) Method. I. Iodometric Electrode Technique. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000d. Standard Methods 4500-ClO2 C, E-00. Chlorine Dioxide. C. Amperometric Method I. E. Amperometric Method II. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000e. Standard Method 4500-H+ B-00. pH Value. B. Electrometric Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000f. Standard Methods 4500-NO3− D, E, F-00. Nitrogen (Nitrate). D. Nitrate Electrode Method. E. Cadmium Reduction Method. F. Automated Cadmium Reduction Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000g. Standard Method 4500-NO2− B-00. Nitrogen (Nitrite). B. Colorimetric Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000h. Standard Methods 5310 B, C-00. Total Organic Carbon (TOC). B. High Temperature Combustion Method. C. Persulfate-Ultraviolet or Heated Persulfate Oxidation Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000i. Standard Method 5540 C-00. Surfactants. C. Anionic Surfactants as MBAs. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000j. Standard Method 5910 B-00. UV-Absorbing Organic Constituents. B. Ultraviolet Absorption Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000k. Standard Methods 7110 B,C-00. Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity (Total, Suspended, and Dissolved). B. Evaporation Method for Gross Alpha-Beta. C. Coprecipitation Method for Alpha Radioactivity in Drinking Water. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000l. Standard Method 7500-Cs B-00. Radioactive Cesium. B. Precipitation Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000m. Standard Method 7500-3 H B-00. Tritium. Liquid Scintillation Spectrometric Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000n. Standard Methods 7500-I B, C, D-00. Radioactive Iodine. B. Precipitation Method. C. Ion-Exchange Method. D. Distillation Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000o. Standard Methods 7500-U B, C-00. Uranium. B. Radiochemical Method. C. Isotopic Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2001a. Standard Method 2120 B-01. Color. B. Visual Comparison Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2001. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2001b. Standard Method 2130 B-01. Turbidity. B. Nephelometric Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2001. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2001c. Standard Methods 7500-Ra B, C, D, E-01. Radium. B. Precipitation Method. C. Emanation Method. D. Sequential Precipitation. E. Gamma Spectroscopy Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2001. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2001d. Standard Method 7500-Sr B-01. Total Radioactive Strontium and Strontium-90. B. Precipitation Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2005. 21st Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2012. 22nd Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington DC 20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2017. 23rd Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2018. Errata Sheet for the 23rd Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
ASTM International. 1999. ASTM D 1179-99 B. Standard Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water. B. Ion-Selective Electrode. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2000. ASTM D 859-00. Standard Test Method for Silica in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2002a. ASTM D 516-02. Standard Test Method for Sulfate in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2002b. ASTM D 1067-02 B. Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity in Water. B. Electrometric or Color-Change Titration. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2003. ASTM D 5673-03. Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2016a. ASTM D 516-16. Standard Test Method for Sulfate in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2016b. ASTM D 859-16. Standard Test Method for Silica in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2016c. ASTM D 1067-16 B. Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity in Water. B. Electrometric or Color-Change Titration. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2016d. ASTM D 1179-16 B. Standard Test Methods for Fluoride in Water. B. Ion-Selective Electrode. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2016e. ASTM D 5673-16. Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
Best, J. 2018. Memo to the record describing the basis for expedited approval of microbiology methods in the 23rd edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. August 28, 2018. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Budnick. 1996. Evaluation of Enterolert for Enumeration of Enterococci in Recreational Waters, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 1996, p. 3881-3884.
GA. 2004. Method for the Determination of Radium-228 and Radium-226 in Drinking Water by Gamma-ray Spectrometry using HPGE or Ge(Li) Detectors. December 2004. Revision 1.2. Environmental Resource Center, Georgia Institute for Technology, 620 Cherry Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0335. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 1997. Hach Method 8195—Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. December 1997. Revision 1.0. Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 1999. Total Coliforms and E. coli Membrane Filtration Method m-ColiBlue24® Broth. August 1999. Revision 2. Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 2000. Hach FilterTrak Method 10133—Determination of Turbidity by Laser Nephelometry. January 2000. Revision 2.0. Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 2016. Hach Method 10258—Determination of Turbidity by 360° Nephelometry. January 2016. Revision 1.0. Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 2018a. Hach Method 10258—Determination of Turbidity by 360° Nephelometry. March 2018. Revision 2.0. Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 2018b. Alternate Test Procedure Validation Study Report for the use of Sealed Vials Containing StablCalTM Primary Standard in Hach Methods 10258 and 8195 for Determination of Turbidity in Drinking Water. March 16, 2018. Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 2018c. Hach Method 8195—Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry. March 2018. Revision 3.0. Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Smith, G. 2018a. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited approval of EPA Method 900.0, Revision 1.0. April 4, 2018. (Available at http://;www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Smith, G. 2018b. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited approval of updated methods from ASTM International. April 6, 2018. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Smith, G. and Wendelken, S. 2018. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited approval of methods in the 23rd edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. March 29, 2018. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2019-0558.)
USEPA. 1980. EPA Method 900.0. Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity in Drinking Water in “Prescribed Procedures for Measurement of Radioactivity in Drinking Water,” EPA-600/4-80-032, August 1980. (Available at https://www.nemi.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
USEPA. 1993. EPA Method 180.1, Revision 2.0. Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry in “Methods for the Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples,” EPA/600/R-93/100, August 1993. (Available at https://www.nemi.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
USEPA. 1998. Letter issued to Hach Company, Regional Administrators, Regional Quality Assurance Managers and Regional Water Management Division Directors allowing the use of Hach Company Method 8195, Rev. 1.0 for drinking water compliance turbidity measurements. April 20, 1998. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2019-0558.)
USEPA. 2000. EPA Method 515.4, Revision 1.0. Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Microextraction, Derivatization and Fast Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection. EPA/815/B-00/001. April 2000. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558 and at https://www.nemi.gov.)
USEPA. 2001. EPA Method 531.2, Revision 1.0. Measurement of N-methylcarbamoyloximes and N-methylcarbamates in Water by Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC with Postcolumn Derivatization. EPA 815-B-01-002. September 2001. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558 and at https://www.nemi.gov .)
USEPA. 2016. Expedited Approval of Alternate Test Procedures for the Analysis of Contaminants under the Safe Drinking Water Act; Analysis and Sampling Procedures. 81 FR 46839. July 19, 2016. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
USEPA. 2018 EPA Method 900.0, Rev. 1.0. Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity in Drinking Water. EPA 815-B-18-002. February 2018. (Available at Available at http://www.regulations.gov;; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558 and at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications (EPA Method 900.0 Rev 1.0).
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 141
- Environmental protection
- Chemicals
- Indians-lands
- Intergovernmental relations
- Reporting and recordkeeping requirements
- Water supply
Dated: September 28, 2018.
Peter Grevatt,
Director, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water.
For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental Protection Agency amends 40 CFR part 141 as follows:
PART 141—NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS
1. The authority citation for part 141 continues to read as follows:
Authority:42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-1, 300g-2, 300g-3, 300g-4, 300g-5, 300g-6, 300j-4, 300j-9, and 300j-11.
2. Amend Appendix A to subpart C of part 141 as follows:
a. Revise the table entitled “ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).”
b. Revise the table entitled “ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).”
c. Revise the table entitled “ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.25(a).”
d. Revise the table entitled “ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1).”
e. Revise the table entitled “ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2).”
f. Revise the table entitled “ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1).”
g. Revise the table entitled “ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.131(c)(1).”
h. Revise the table entitled “ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR PARAMETERS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.131(d).”
i. Revise the table entitled “ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.402(c)(2).”
j. Revise the table entitled “ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.852(a)(5).”
k. Revise the table entitled “ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 143.4(b).”
l. Revise footnotes 9, 14, 16, 18, 22-23, 25-26, 29, 31, 34-39, and 48.
m. Add footnotes 49-52.
The revisions and additions read as follows:
Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 141—Alternative Testing Methods Approved for Analyses Under the Safe Drinking Water Act
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1)
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1)
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.25(a)
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1)
Alternative Testing Methods for Disinfectant Residuals Listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2)
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1)
Alternative Testing Methods for Disinfectant Residuals Listed at 40 CFR 141.131(c)(1)
Alternative Testing Methods for Parameters Listed at 40 CFR 141.131(d)
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.402(c)(2)
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.852(a)(5)
Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 143.4(b)
| Contaminant | Methodology | EPA method | ASTM | SM 21st edition | SM 22nd edition, SM 23rd edition | SM online |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluminum | Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES) | 200.5, Revision 4.2. | ||||
| Atomic Absorption; Direct | 3111 D | 3111 D. | ||||
| Atomic Absorption; Furnace | 3113 B | 3113 B | 3113 B-04, B-10. | |||
| Inductively Coupled Plasma | 3120 B | 3120 B. | ||||
| Chloride | Silver Nitrate Titration | D 512-04 B, 12 B | 4500-Cl B | 4500-Cl B | ||
| Ion Chromatography | D 4327-11 | 4110 B | 4110 B. | |||
| Potentiometric Titration | 4500-Cl D | 4500-Cl D. | ||||
| Color | Visual Comparison | 2120 B | 2120 B. | |||
| Foaming Agents | Methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS) | 5540 C | 5540 C. | |||
| Iron | Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES) | 200.5, Revision 4.2. | ||||
| Atomic Absorption; Direct | 3111 B | 3111 B. | ||||
| Atomic Absorption; Furnace | 3113 B | 3113 B | 3113 B-04, B-10. | |||
| Inductively Coupled Plasma | 3120 B | 3120 B. | ||||
| Manganese | Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES) | 200.5, Revision 4.2. | ||||
| Atomic Absorption; Direct | 3111 B | 3111 B. | ||||
| Atomic Absorption; Furnace | 3113 B | 3113 B | 3113 B-04, B-10. | |||
| Inductively Coupled Plasma | 3120 B | 3120 B. | ||||
| Odor | Threshold Odor Test | 2150 B | 2150 B. | |||
| Silver | Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES) | 200.5, Revision 4.2. | ||||
| Atomic Absorption; Direct | 3111 B | 3111 B. | ||||
| Atomic Absorption; Furnace | 3113 B | 3113 B | 3113 B-04, B-10. | |||
| Inductively Coupled Plasma | 3120 B | 3120 B. | ||||
| Sulfate | Ion Chromatography | D 4327-11 | 4110 B | 4110 B. | ||
| Gravimetric with ignition of residue | 4500-SO4 2 C | 4500-SO4 2 C | 4500-SO4 2 C-97. | |||
| Gravimetric with drying of residue | 4500-SO4 2 D | 4500-SO4 2 D | 4500-SO4 2 D-97. | |||
| Turbidimetric method | D 516-07, 11, 16 | 4500-SO4 2 E | 4500-SO4 2 E | 4500-SO4 2 E-97. | ||
| Automated methylthymol blue method | 4500-SO4 2 F | 4500-SO4 2 F | 4500-SO4 2 F-97. | |||
| Total Dissolved Solids | Total Dissolved Solids Dried at 180 deg C | 2540 C | 2540 C. | |||
| Zinc | Axially viewed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (AVICP-AES) | 200.5, Revision 4.2. | ||||
| Atomic Absorption; Direct Aspiration | 3111 B | 3111 B. | ||||
| Inductively Coupled Plasma | 3120 B | 3120 B. | ||||
| * * * * * * * | ||||||
| Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st edition (2005). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710. | ||||||
| EPA Method 200.5, Revision 4.2. “Determination of Trace Elements in Drinking Water by Axially Viewed Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry.” 2003. EPA/600/R-06/115. (Available at http://www.epa.gov/water-research/epa-drinking-water-research-methods.) | ||||||
| Standard Methods Online are available at http://www.standardmethods.org. The year in which each method was approved by the Standard Methods Committee is designated by the last two digits in the method number. The methods listed are the only online versions that may be used. | ||||||
| Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or http://astm.org. The methods listed are the only alternative versions that may be used. | ||||||
| * * * * * * * | ||||||
| Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition (1998). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710. | ||||||
| Method ME355.01, Revision 1.0. “Determination of Cyanide in Drinking Water by GC/MS Headspace,” May 26, 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from James Eaton, H & E Testing Laboratory, 221 State Street, Augusta, ME 04333. (207) 287-2727. | ||||||
| Systea Easy (1-Reagent). “Systea Easy (1-Reagent) Nitrate Method,” February 4, 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from Systea Scientific, LLC., 900 Jorie Blvd., Suite 35, Oak Brook, IL 60523. | ||||||
| EPA Method 524.3, Version 1.0. “Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry,” June 2009. EPA 815-B-09-009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov. | ||||||
| Mitchell Method M5271, Revision 1.1. “Determination of Turbidity by Laser Nephelometry,” March 5, 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from Leck Mitchell, Ph.D., PE, 656 Independence Valley Dr., Grand Junction, CO 81507. | ||||||
| Mitchell Method M5331, Revision 1.1. “Determination of Turbidity by LED Nephelometry,” March 5, 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from Leck Mitchell, Ph.D., PE, 656 Independence Valley Dr., Grand Junction, CO 81507. | ||||||
| Orion Method AQ4500, Revision 1.0. “Determination of Turbidity by LED Nephelometry,” May 8, 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from Thermo Scientific, 166 Cummings Center, Beverly, MA 01915, http://www.thermo.com. | ||||||
| Modified Colitag Method. “Modified Colitag Test Method for the Simultaneous Detection of E. coli and other Total Coliforms in Water (ATP D05-0035),” August 28, 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from CPI International, 5580 Skylane Boulevard, Santa Rosa, CA 95403. | ||||||
| EPA Method 557. “Determination of Haloacetic Acids, Bromate, and Dalapon in Drinking Water by Ion Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS/MS),” September 2009. EPA 815-B-09-012. Available at https://www.nemi.gov. | ||||||
| AMI Turbiwell, “Continuous Measurement of Turbidity Using a SWAN AMI Turbiwell Turbidimeter,” August 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from Markus Bernasconi, SWAN Analytische Instrumente AG, Studbachstrasse 13, CH-8340 Hinwil, Switzerland. | ||||||
| EPA Method 334.0. “Determination of Residual Chlorine in Drinking Water Using an On-line Chlorine Analyzer,” September 2009. EPA 815-B-09-013. Available at https://www.nemi.gov. | ||||||
| ChloroSense. “Measurement of Free and Total Chlorine in Drinking Water by Palintest ChloroSense,” August 2009. Available at https://www.nemi.gov or from Palintest Ltd., 1455 Jamike Avenue (Suite 100), Erlanger, KY 41018. | ||||||
| EPA Method 302.0. “Determination of Bromate in Drinking Water using Two-Dimensional Ion Chromatography with Suppressed Conductivity Detection,” September 2009. EPA 815-B-09-014. Available at https://www.nemi.gov. | ||||||
| EPA 415.3, Revision 1.2. “Determination of Total Organic Carbon and Specific UV Absorbance at 254 nm in Source Water and Drinking Water,” September 2009. EPA/600/R-09/122. Available at http://www.epa.gov/water-research/epa-drinking-water-research-methods. | ||||||
| Readycult® Method, “Readycult® Coliforms 100 Presence/Absence Test for Detection and Identification of Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia coli in Finished Waters,” January, 2007. Version 1.1. Available from EMD Millipore (division of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 290 Concord Road, Billerica, MA 01821. | ||||||
| Chromocult® Method, “Chromocult® Coliform Agar Presence/Absence Membrane Filter Test Method for Detection and Identification of Coliform Bacteria and Escherichia coli in Finished Waters,” November, 2000. Version 1.0. EMD Millipore (division of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 290 Concord Road, Billerica, MA 01821. | ||||||
| Hach Company. “Hach Company SPADNS 2 (Arsenite-Free) Fluoride Method 10225—Spectrophotometric Measurement of Fluoride in Water and Wastewater,” January 2011. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, Colorado 80539. | ||||||
| Hach Company. “Hach Company TNTplus 835/836 Nitrate Method 10206—Spectrophotometric Measurement of Nitrate in Water and Wastewater,” January 2011. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, Colorado 80539. | ||||||
| EPA Method 525.3. “Determination of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals in Drinking Water by Solid Phase Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS),” February 2012. EPA/600/R-12/010. Available at http://www.epa.gov/water-research/epa-drinking-water-research-methods. | ||||||
| EPA Method 536. “Determination of Triazine Pesticides and their Degradates in Drinking Water by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS),” October 2007. EPA 815-B-07-002. Available at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications (EPA Method 536). | ||||||
| EPA Method 523. “Determination of Triazine Pesticides and their Degradates in Drinking Water by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS),” February 2011. EPA 815-R-11-002. Available at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications (EPA Method 523). | ||||||
| * * * * * * * | ||||||
| Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22nd edition (2012). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710. | ||||||
| EPA Method 524.4, Version 1.0. “Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry using Nitrogen Purge Gas,” May 2013. EPA 815-R-13-002. Available at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications (EPA Method 524.4). | ||||||
| Charm Sciences Inc. “Fast Phage Test Procedure. Presence/Absence for Coliphage in Ground Water with Same Day Positive Prediction”. Version 009. November 2012. 659 Andover Street, Lawrence, MA 01843. Available at www.charmsciences.com. | ||||||
| Hach Company. “Hach Method 10260—Determination of Chlorinated Oxidants (Free and Total) in Water Using Disposable Planar Reagent-filled Cuvettes and Mesofluidic Channel Colorimetry,” April 2013. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. | ||||||
| ChlordioX Plus. “Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorite in Drinking Water by Amperometry using Disposable Sensors,” November 2013. Available from Palintest Ltd., 1455 Jamike Avenue (Suite 100), Erlanger, KY 41018. | ||||||
| Tecta EC/TC. “Techta EC/TC Medium and Techta Instrument: A Presence/Absence Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Drinking Water,” version 1.0, May 2014. Available from Pathogen Detection Systems, Inc., 382 King Street East, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7K 2Y2. | ||||||
| Hach Company. “Hach Method 10241—Spectrophotometric Measurement of Free Chlorine (Cl2) in Drinking Water,” November 2015. Revision 1.2. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. | ||||||
| Hach Company. “Hach Method 8026—Spectrophotometric Measurement of Copper in Finished Drinking Water,” December 2015. Revision 1.2. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. | ||||||
| Hach Company. “Hach Method 10272—Spectrophotometric Measurement of Copper in Finished Drinking Water,” December 2015. Revision 1.2. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. | ||||||
| Hach Company. “Hach Method 10261—Total Organic Carbon in Finished Drinking Water by Catalyzed Ozone Hydroxyl Radical Oxidation Infrared Analysis,” December 2015. Revision 1.2. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. | ||||||
| Hach Company. “Hach Method 10267—Spectrophotometric Measurement of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in Finished Drinking Water,” December 2015. Revision 1.2. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. | ||||||
| Hach Company. “Hach Method 10258—Determination of Turbidity by 360° Nephelometry,” January 2016. Revision 1.0. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. | ||||||
| Nitrate Elimination Company Inc. (NECi). “Method for Nitrate Reductase Nitrate-Nitrogen Analysis of Drinking Water,” February 2016. Superior Enzymes Inc., 334 Hecla Street, Lake Linden, Michigan 49945. | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher. “Thermo Fisher Scientific Drinking Water Orthophosphate Method for Thermo Scientific Gallery Discrete Analyzer,” February 2016. Revision 5. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Ratastie 2, 01620 Vantaa, Finland. | ||||||
| Mitchell Method M5331, Revision 1.2. “Determination of Turbidity by LED or Laser Nephelometry,” February 2016. Available from Leck Mitchell, Ph.D., PE, 656 Independence Valley Dr., Grand Junction, CO 81507. | ||||||
| Tecta EC/TC. “Tecta EC/TC Medium and the Tecta Instrument: A Presence/Absence Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Drinking Water,” version 2.0, February 2017. Available from Pathogen Detection Systems, Inc., 382 King Street East, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7K 2Y2. | ||||||
| Lovibond PTV 1000. “Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity Using a Lovibond PTV 1000 White Light LED Turbidimeter,” December 2016. Revision 1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. | ||||||
| Lovibond PTV 2000. “Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity Using a Lovibond PTV 2000 660-nm LED Turbidimeter,” December 2016. Revision 1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. | ||||||
| Lovibond PTV 6000. “Continuous Measurement of Drinking Water Turbidity Using a Lovibond PTV 6000 Laser Turbidimeter,” December 2016. Revision 1.0. Available from Tintometer, Inc., 6456 Parkland Drive, Sarasota, FL 34243. | ||||||
| Thermo Fisher. “Thermo Fisher Method 557.1: Determination of Haloacetic Acids in Drinking Water using Two-Dimensional Ion Chromatography with Suppressed Conductivity Detection,” January 2017. Version 1.0. Available from Thermo Fisher Scientific, 490 Lakeside Dr., Sunnyvale, CA 94085 (Richard.jack@thermofisher.com). | ||||||
| EPA Method 150.3. “Determination of pH in Drinking Water,” February 2017. EPA 815-B-17-001. Available at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications (EPA Method 150.3). | ||||||
| Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23rd edition (2017). Available from American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710. | ||||||
| EPA Method 900.0, Rev. 1.0. “Determination of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta in Drinking Water,” February 2018. EPA 815-B-18-002. Available at the National Service Center for Environmental Publications (EPA Method 900.0 Rev 1.0). | ||||||
| Hach Company. “Hach Method 10258—Determination of Turbidity by 360° Nephelometry,” March 2018. Revision 2.0. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. | ||||||
| Hach Company. “Hach Method 8195—Determination of Turbidity by Nephelometry,” March 2018. Revision 3.0. 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. |
[FR Doc. 2018-22162 Filed 10-11-18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P