Westvaco Chlorine Products Corp.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Aug 31, 1945

63 N.L.R.B. 763 (N.L.R.B. 1945)

In the Matter Of WESTVACO CHLORINE PRODUCTS CORPORATION and
FEDERATION OF ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS, CHEMISTS AND TECHNICIANS,
CHAPTER 25, C. I. O.
In the Matter Of WESTVACO CI-ILORINE PRODUCTS CORPORATION and
PROFESSIONAI. SCIENTISTS OF INDUSTRY
Cases Nos . .0-R-135 and 20-R-1368 , respectively .Decided
August 31, 1945
Littler, Coakley d Lauritzen, by Mr. John B.. Lauritzen, of San
Francisco, Calif., for the Company.
Gladstein, Grossman, Sawyer cC Edises, by Mr. Bertram Edises, of
Oakland, Calif., for the FAECT.
Mr. S. M. Cimino, of Palo Alto, Calif., for the PSI.
Mr. Sol Davison, of San Francisco, Calif., for the Chemical Workers
and Office Employes.
Mr. Bernard Goldberg, of counsel to the Board.
DECISION
AND
DIRECTION OF ELECTIONS
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Upon separate petitions duly filed by Federation of Architects,
Engineers ,. Chemists and Technicians, Chapter 25, C. I. 0., herein
called the AECT, and Professional Scientists of Industry, unaffili-
ated, herein called the PSI, alleging that questions affecting commerce
had arisen concerning the representation of employees of Westvaco
Chlorine Products Corporation, Newark, California, herein called
the Company, the National Labor Relations Board consolidated the
cases and provided for an appropriate hearing upon due notice before
Robert E. Tillman, Trial Examiner. Said hearing was held at San
Francisco, California, on May 22, 23, 24, 28, and 29, 1945. The Com-
pany, the FAECT, the PSI, International Chemical Workers Union,
Local 62, A. F. L., herein called the Chemical Workers, and Office Em-
ployes International Union, Local 29, A. F. L., herein called the Office
63 N. L . R. B., No. 112.
763
764 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Employes, appeared and participated.' All parties were afforded full
opportunity to be heard, to examine and cross-examine witnesses, and
to introduce evidence bearing on the issues. The Trial Examiner's
rulings made at the hearing are free from prejudicial error and are
hereby affirmed. All parties were afforded an opportunity to file briefs
with the Board.
Upon the entire record in the case, the Board makes the following :
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. THE BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY
Westvaco Chlorine Products Corporation, a Delaware corporation
having its principal office in New York City, operates a number of
plants for the manufacture of heavy chemicals throughout the United
States, including the plant at Newark, California, which is the sub-
ject of this proceeding. During 1944, the Company's gross sales at
its Newark plant aggregated more than $1,500,000, of which in excess
of 75 percent represents sales to customers located outside the State of
California. During the same period, the Company used at this plant
for manufacturing purposes raw materials valued at more than $500,-
000, of which in excess of 20 percent was shipped to the plant from
points outside the State.
The Company admits, for the purpose of this proceeding, that it
is engaged in commerce within the meaning of the National Labor
Relations Act.
H. THE ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED
Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians,
Chapter 25, affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations,
is a labor organization admitting to membership employees of the
Company.
Professional Scientists of Industry, unaffiliated, is a labor organi-
zation admitting to membership employees of the Company.
International Chemical Workers Union, Local 62, and Office Em-
ployes International Union, Local 29, both affiliated with the
American Federation of Labor, are labor organizations admitting
to membership employees of the Company.
' Prior to the hearing United Office and Professional Workers of America, Local 34,
C. I. 0., filed a written motion to intervene alleging that various office workers employed
by the Company had expressed a desire to be represented by it for collective bargaining
purposes and that a unit of office and clerical employees was appropriate However, the
union made no appearance at the hearing and submitted no evidence that it represented
any of the employees in the units hereinafter found to be appropriate . Accordingly, the
Trial Examiner correctly found it unnecessary to rule on the written motion to intervene.
WESTVACO -CHLORINE PRODUCTS CORPORATION 765
III. THE QUESTIONS CONCERNING REPRESENTATION
The Company has refused to recognize any of the unions involved
herein as the collective bargaining representative for any of the em-
ployees who are the subject of this proceeding because of the conflict-
ing claims to representation made upon it.
A statement of a Board agent, introduced into evidence at the hear-
ing, indicates that the FAECT and the PSI each represents a sub-
stantial number of employees in the units claimed by each to be
appropriate.,
We find that questions affecting commerce have arisen concerning
the representation of employees of the Company within the meaning
of Section 9 (c) and Section 2 (6) and (7) of the Act.
IV. THE APPROPRIATE UNITS; THE DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVES
Position of Parties
The FAECT has petitioned for a single unit to include all profes-
sional, technical, clerical and secretarial employees in the process con-
trol department, the research department, the engineering department,
and the control laboratory, excluding the janitor and supervisors. The
PSI seeks a unit confined to professional employees exclusively, while
the Chemical Workers desires a technicians' unit, and the Office Em-
ployes an office and clerical employees' Knit. The Company joins with
the latter unions in urging that three separate units be established, to
comprise respectively, professional employees, technical employees,
and office and clerical employees.
Technical and professional employees: Insofar as the FAECT seeks
to include professional employees in the same unit with technicians,
the Board has frequently held that, because of their educational back-
ground, work, responsibilities, and interests, professional employees
constitute a distinctive group who may function effectively for col-
lective bargaining purposes either as separate unit or as part of a
technical and professional unit, depending on their own desires as ex-
'The Field Examiner reported that the FAECT submitted application cards signed by
20 of the 34 employees in the unit proposed by it, and that the PSI submitted designa-
tions signed by 10 of the 14 employees in the unit suggested by it. Since these proposed
units overlap, all 10 of the designations submitted by the PSI contained the names of
employees also included in the FAECT proposed unit, while 3 of the application cards
submitted by the FAECT were signed by employees also included in the PSI proposed unit.
At the hearing, the Trial Examiner turther reported that the Chemical Workers sub-
mitted application cards signed by 2 of the employees in the technicians unit, hereinafter
found appropriate, and that the Office Employes submitted designation cards signed by
6 of the 35 employees in the office and clerical unit, hereinafter found appropriate, and
that the application cards submitted by the FAECT contained the names of 3 employees
in the latter unit.
The Chemical Workers also relies on the fact that it is at present the collective bargain-
ing representative of the Company's production and maintenance employees.
766 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
pressed in an election.3 Accordingly, we shall make no final de-
termination at this time with respect to a unit of technical and/or
professional employees but shall delay such determination pending the
outcome of the elections ordered hereinafter. In the event that both
the professional and technical employees voting separately, select the
same union , they shall together constitute a single appropriate unit.
Some question exists as to the status of three chemists employed in
the control laboratory. The Company asserts that all three are pro-
fessional employees. The PSI considers two of the three chemists who
have college degrees as definitely professional. It is uncertain as to
the professional status of the third chemist who, while without a
college degree, has had 3 years of pre-medical training, 11/2 years of
schooling at a university, and 21/2 years of experience in the plant lab-
oratory. The Company considers this chemist, because of his educa-
tional background, experience, and ability, to be the equivalent of any
of the other chemists with college degrees. The FAECT apparently
contends that all three chemists are merely technicians. Although
much of their work is routine and similar to that performed by junior
chemists who are considered to be technicians, the chemists perform
more diversified tasks than those of the junior chemists. Significantly,
too, the chemists, .unlike the junior chemists, are considered to be
trainees for more important positions elsewhere in the plant. Under
all the circumstances we are of the opinion that the chemists, includ-
ing the non-graduate chemist, are professional employees, and we shall
include them as such in the voting group of professional employees 4
Office and clerical employees: No opposition has been expressed to
the establishment of an office and clerical unit as desired by the Office
Employes. We shall, therefore, in accord with our practice, establish
such employees in a separate unit.' The only question that remains to
be resolved is whether the secretarial and clerical employees in the
technical departments should be included in the same unit with tech-
nical employees, as desired by the FAECT, or should, be a part of the
office and clerical unit, as urged by the Company and the Office
Employes.
The clerical help in the technical departments neither have, nor
are required to have technical training. They perform purely cler-
3 Matter of Aluminum Company of America, 62 N L R B 318, and 61 N L R B 1066;
Matter of Radio Corporation of America, 57 N L R B 1729 , Matter of General Electric
Company, 57 N L R B 81; Matter of Monsanto Chemical Company, 53 N. L R. B 1283,
Matter of Shell Development Company, Inc , 38 N . L R. B. 192 ; cf Matter of Curtiss-Wright
Corporation, 63 N L R B 207.
of the junior chemists , two are former housewives without experience who obtained
their college degrees more than 25 years ago and were hired because of the present shortage
of professional help . The third junior chemist also attended college, majoring in home
economics ; she qualified for her present position by taking a wdr training course at Stan-
ford University . These junior chemists are not regarded as trainees for better positions
elsewhere in the plant.
e See Matter of Aluminum Company of America , supra ; Matter of Spicer Manufacturing
Corporation, 55 N. L It. B 1491.
WESTVACO CHLORINE PRODUCTS CORPORATION 767
ical work.' The secretaries take dictation, type reports, and do some
filing. Several of them have been transferred to the technical depart-
ments from the general office, a recent high school graduate, with
no experience in a chemical plant, was appointed directly to her
present position as secretary to the head of the control laboratory.
The clerk in the engineering department, the only non-secretarial
clerical employee desired to be included by the FAECT, likewise
has no technical training and performs such routine clerical work
as maintaining records and files, operating a blueprint machine, fill-
ing out forms for gas rations, and writing out requisitions. All
though these clerical employees in the technical departments are
under the immediate supervision of the heads of the respective de-
partments where they are employed, the office manager exercises
indirect control by having the final decision in the hiring of, set-
ting of wage rates for, and granting wage increases to, all clerical
employees wherever situated in the plant. In view of the foregoing,
we are of the opinion that the secretaries and clerks in the technical
departments have a greater community of interest with the balance
of the office and clerical workers in the plant than with the techni-
cians. Accordingly, we shall include them in the office and clerical
unit.
We find that all office and clerical employees of the Company at
its Newark, California, plant, including secretaries, stenographers, and
clerks in the process control department, research department, engi-
neering department and control laboratory, but excluding all super-
visory employees with authority to hire, promote, discharge, discipline,
or otherwise effect changes in the status of employees or effectively
recommend such action, constitute a unit appropriate for the pur-
poses of collective bargaining within the meaning of Section 9 (b)'
of the Act.
We shall direct that three separate elections by secret ballot be
held among the employees in the unit found appropriate above and
in the voting groups described below who were employed during the
pay-roll period immediately preceding the date of the Direction of
Elections herein, subject to the limitations and additions set forth
in the Direction :
(1) All professional employees at the Company's Newark, Cali-
fornia, plant, including chemical engineers in the process control de-
partment, research chemical engineers, research chemists, research-
physical chemists, and research analytical chemists in the research
department, mechanical engineer in the engineering department, and
chemists in the control laboratory, but excluding all employees in
voting group (2) below, office and clerical employees, and all super-
visory employees with authority to hire, promote, discharge, disci-
768 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
pline, or otherwise effect changes in the status of employees or
effectively recommend such action ;
(2) All technicians employed at the Company's Newark, California,
plant, including research technicians in the research department,
draftsmen in the engineering department, and junior chemists, tech-
nicians, junior laboratory technicians, and sample men in the control
laboratory, but excluding all employees included in voting group
(1) above, office and clerical employees, janitors, chief chemist and
assistant chief chemist in the control laboratory, and all other super-
visory employees with authority to hire, promote, discharge, discipline,
or otherwise effect changes in the status of employees or effectively
recommend such action.
As stated above, there will be no final determination. of the appro-
priate technical and/or professional units pending the results of the
elections.
DIRECTION OF ELECTIONS
By virtue of and pursuant to the power vested in the National
Labor Relations Board by Section 9 (c) of the National Labor Re-
lations Act, and pursuant to Article III, Section 9, of National Labor
Relations Board Rules and Regulations-Series 3, as amended, it is
hereby
DIRECTED that, as part of the investigation to ascertain representa-
tives for the purposes of collective bargaining with Westvaco Chlorine
Products Corporation, Newark, California, separate elections by
secret ballot shall be conducted as early as possible, but not later than
thirty (30) days from the date of this Direction, under the direction
and supervision of the Regional Director for the Twentieth Region,
acting in this matter as agent for the National Labor Relations Board,
and subject to Article III, Sections 10 and 11, of said Rules and Regu-
lations, among the employees in the appropriate unit and the voting
groups described in Section IV, above, who were employed during the
pay-roll period immediately preceding the date of this Direction, in-
cluding employees who did not work during said pay-roll period
because they were ill or on vacation or temporarily laid off, and includ-
ing employees in the armed forces of the United States who present
themselves in person at the polls, but excluding those employees who
have since quit or been discharged for cause and have not been rehired
or reinstated prior to the date of the elections, to determine (a) in the
office and clerical unit whether or not they desire to be represented
by Office Employes International Union, Local 29, A. F. L.6 (b) in the
9 The FAECT indicated at the hearing that it did not desire to participate in any election
in the office and clerical employees unit.
WESTVACO CHLORINE PRODUCTS CORPORATION 769
professional voting group whether they desire to be represented by
Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians,
Chapter 25, C. I. 0., or by Professional Scientists of Industry, or by
neither, and (c) in the technicians voting group whether they desire
to be represented by Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists
and Technicians, Chapter 25, C. I. 0., or by International Chemical
Workers Union, Local 62, A. F. L., or by neither, for the purposes of
collective bargaining.