Trend Construction Corporation and General Electric Corporation, Individually and as Joint Employers

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Aug 11, 1982

263 N.L.R.B. 295 (N.L.R.B. 1982)

TREND CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION
Trend Construction Corporation and General Elec-
tric Corporation, Individually and as Joint Em-
ployers and United Brotherhood of Carpenters
& Joiners of America, Local Union No. 1224 &
KAW Valley District Council, AFL-CIO. Case
17-CA-9738
August 11, 1982
DECISION AND ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN VAN DE WATER AND
MEMBERS FANNING AND ZIMMERMAN
On January 12, 1982, Administrative Law Judge
George Christensen issued the attached Decision in
this proceeding. Thereafter, the Respondents and
the Charging Party filed exceptions and supporting
briefs, and the Respondents filed a brief in opposi-
tion to the Charging Party's exceptions.
Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3(b) of the
National Labor Relations Act, as amended, the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board has delegated its au-
thority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the record and the at-
tached Decision in light of the exceptions and
briefs and has decided to affirm the rulings, find-
ings, and conclusions of the Administrative Law
Judge and to adopt his recommended Order.
ORDER
Pursuant to Section 10(c) of the National Labor
Relations Act, as amended, the National Labor Re-
lations Board adopts as its Order the recommended
Order of the Administrative Law Judge and
hereby orders that the Respondents, Trend Con-
struction Corporation, Burlington, Kansas, and
General Electric Corporation, St. Louis, Missouri,
their officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall
take the action set forth in the said recommended
Order.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
GEORGE CHRISTENSEN, Administrative Law Judge:
On February 3-6, 1981, 1 conducted a hearing in Empo-
ria, Kansas, to try issues raised by a complaint issued on
July 25, 1980,' as amended on January 6, 1981, tased on
a charge and an amended charge filed by United Broth-
erhood of Carpenters & Joiners of America. Local Union
No. 1224 (herein called Local 1224), and KAW Valley
District Council, AFL-CIO (herein called the Council
and jointly referred to as the Unions) on June 13 and
July 18.
In 1979 General Electric Corporation (GE) contracted
with Kansas Gas & Electric Corporation (KGC) and
Kansas City Power & Light Company (KCPL), referred
I Read 1980 after all further date references omittling the year
263 NLRB No. 44
to jointly hereafter as the utilities, to furnish and install
steam turbine and associated equipment for a nuclear
power generating station near New Strawn, Kansas,
known as the Wolf Creek Power Plant project. GE con-
tracted with Trend Construction Corporation to furnish
necessary labor, including millwrights. Hire of mill-
wrights and their foremen and work on the contract
commenced in November 1979. On April 15, the Unions
petitioned for certification as the exclusive collective-bar-
gaining representative of the millwrights and their fore-
men, supporting the petition with a number of cards pre-
viously secured from a number of the millwrights and
foremen authorizing the Unions to act as their repre-
sentative for collective-bargaining purposes (Case 17-
RC-9024). On May 6, a hearing was conducted on the
petition. On May 11, 13 millwrights and I millwright
foreman were hired, doubling the number employed on
the job. On May 19, an order was issued in the represen-
tation case directing a June 19 election among those mill-
wrights and foremen employed during the payroll period
preceding May 19. On May 27, counsel for the Employ-
ers submitted a list of eligible voters, including those
hired on May 11. On June 13, the Unions filed their
original charge in this case. On June 16, an order was
issued in the representation case indefinitely postponing
the election due to the pendency of the charge. On June
19 and 23 and July 3 all but five millwrights and one
foreman were laid off.
The complaint alleges GE and Trend were joint em-
ployers of the millwrights and their foremen hired to
perform the GE contract; that they constituted an appro-
priate unit for collective-bargaining purposes; that, at the
time the petition was filed, the Unions represented a ma-
jority of the employees within the unit; that the Employ-
ers doubled the size of the unit on May 11 to defeat the
effort of those millwrights and foremen hired prior to
that date to secure representation by the Unions; that the
Employers offered the May hires special benefits in
order to "pack" the unit; that, when their effort to pack
the unit was thwarted by the election postponement, the
Employers sought to discourage any further effort by the
millwrights and foremen hired prior to May to secure
union representation by laying off a substantial number
of them; and that the Employers violated Section 8(aXl)
of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, by the
alleged May special benefits' offer and hire and Section
8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act by the layoffs noted above.
The General Counsel and the Unions also seek as part of
the remedy for the alleged unfair labor practices an
order directing the Employers to bargain with the
Unions as the exclusive collective-bargaining representa-
tive of the unit employees.
Trend and GE denied that they were joint employers;
denied the unit sought by the Unions was appropriate for
collective-bargaining purposes; denied the Unions
achieved majority representative status within the unit;
denied they recruited the May hires to pack the unit and
thereby defeat the representation effort; denied the May
hires were offered special benefits to induce them to
accept employment; denied the layoffs were effected to
discourage unit employees from seeking union represen-
295
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
tation; denied they violated the Act; and they contend
that, if a violation is found, a bargaining order is unwar-
ranted.
The issues for determination are:
1. Whether GE and Trend were joint employers of the
unit employees.
2. Whether the unit the Unions sought to represent
was appropriate for collective-bargaining purposes.
3. Whether the Unions represented a majority of the
employees within the unit.
4. Whether the Employers offered and paid special
benefits to and hired a large number of employees in
May to pack the unit and defeat the previously hired unit
employees' effort to secure union representation.
5. Whether the layoffs of unit employees hired prior to
May, following the postponement of the election, were
effected to discourage unit employees from further at-
tempts to secure union representation.
6. Whether GE, Trend, or both violated the Act.
7. If so, whether a bargaining order is warranted.
The parties appeared by counsel at the hearing and
were afforded full opportunity to adduce evidence, ex-
amine and cross-examine witnesses, argue, and file briefs.
Briefs were submitted by the General Counsel and by
the Employers.
Based on my review of the entire record, perusal of
the briefs, and research, I enter the following:
FINDINGS OF FACT
I. JURISDICTION AND LABOR ORGANIZATION
The complaint alleges, the answer admits, and I find
that at all times material GE and Trend were employers
engaged in commerce in a business affecting commerce
and the Unions were labor organizations within the
meaning of Section 2 of the Act.
HI. THE ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. Facts
The utilities retained Daniel Corporation as the gener-
al contractor on the project and GE as a special contrac-
tor to install its manufactured products.
Daniel performed a substantial portion of the work
with its own employees, including millwrights, and sub-
contracted out other portions of the work for perform-
ance by specialists with their employees. At peak times,
there were 3,500 persons working on the project. None
of the Daniel employees were union-represented.
Along with the provisions setting out the work to be
performed, the equipment to be supplied, and the com-
pensation to be paid therefor, the contract between utili-
ties and GE provided:
Contractor agrees that all labor employed by it, its
agents or assigns, for work on the Project, shall be
in harmony with and compatible with all other
labor being used by the owner or other contractors
.... Contractor agrees that if any portion of the
work covered hereby is further subcontracted, such
lower-tier subcontractor shall be bound by and ob-
serve the provisions of this Section to the same
extent as herein required of Contractor.
Before work started on the project, GE assigned Gary
Boercker, whose offices were in St. Louis, Missouri, as
its project manager. Initially (in November 1979), GE as-
signed John Warren as acting site manager and lead
technical director at the jobsite. Warren assumed those
duties at the jobsite on November 5, 1979. Boercker ad-
vised Warren that he anticipated that no more than 15
millwrights and foremen would be needed to complete
the job. On March 4, GE assigned Steve Nielson as site
manager at the jobsite; Warren continued as lead techni-
cal director. On April 16, Warren resigned, and was re-
placed by Richard Todd. Trend initially (on November
5, 1979) assigned Jesse McManners as its job superintend-
ent at the jobsite. McManners was replaced by Grant
Burditt in January. 2
Between November 1979 and the time he left GE's
employ, Warren recruited all the millwrights and mill-
wright foremen employed on the GE contract. During
McManners' tenure at the jobsite, Warren also processed
the hire-in of the millwrights and millwright foremen he
recruited.
On learning from Daniel's millwrights they were re-
ceiving a higher rate of pay than the rate he offered the
millwrights he recruited for the job, Warren requested
and received authorization from higher GE officials to
pay the higher rate (after GE secured authorization from
the utilities to pay the higher rate). During Warren's
tenure at the jobsite, he oversaw the planning and prog-
ress of the millwrights' work and issued instructions
therefor, normally through Trend's superintendent
and/or the millwright foremen. Todd followed the same
format on succeeding Warren.
On April 15 the Unions filed a petition for certification
as the exclusive collective-bargaining representative of
the millwrights and their foremen based on authorization
cards previously secured. At the time the petition was
filed, there were 13 employees within the unit sought.3
Trend was notified of the filing within a few days after it
was filed and notified GE of the filing shortly thereafter.
The cards were signed by 9 of the 134 on various
dates prior to April 15; most of them were signed in the
course of two meetings among the millwrights, the fore-
men. and representatives of the Local and the Council, at
the Local's office on March 17 and on either April 7 or
8. Both of the Armstrongs, Johnson, F. J. Michael, and
Shields were members of local unions affiliated with the
Brotherhood prior to signing, as was Warren.
The Employers contend the cards signed by D. Arm-
strong, D. Berry, M. Berry, Johnson, F. J. Michael, A.
i .1 ad at times material Boercker, Warren, Nielson, and [odd were
supervisors and agents of GE acting on its behalf and McManners and
Burditt were supervisors and agents of Trend acting on its behalf, within
the meaning of Sec. 2 of the Act.
3 Alan Armstrong, Delbert Armstrong, Dean Berry, Mark Berry,
Arnold Chambers, Larry Clark, Adron Johnson. Galen Kraft, Buddy
Jack McDowell, Franklin I Michael, Alvin Parks, Van Parks. and John
Shields. Kraft and A. Parks were foremen; the rest were journeymen.
I A. Armstrong, D. Armstrong, D. Berry, M Berry. Johnson, I: J.
Michael, A. Parks, V. Parks, arid Shields
296
TREND CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION
Parks, V. Parks, and Shields are invalid because Shields
testified that, at the April meeting, a representative of
the Unions (Morris Eastland) stated the only purpose for
signing the cards was to obtain an election and the eight
millwrights just named attended that meeting and heard
that statement.
The remark in question was elicited from Shields in
cross-examination, in response to a leading question.
None of the other millwrights corroborated his testimo-
ny. To the contrary D. Armstrong, who testified he was
a member of a Carpenters union affiliate when he attend-
ed the April meeting and signed his cards, further testi-
fied that he read the card before signing it and was told
that securing an election was only one of the purposes
for which the Unions sought the cards; D. Berry testified
he and his son M. Berry signed their cards at the March
17 meeting, and that he read the card before signing it;
Johnson testified he was a longtime member of a Carpen-
ters union affiliate, that he signed his card on January 22
at the request of his local union representative when he
was assured of employment on the job and contacted his
local union representative (Local 1529) for clearance; F.
J. Michael testified he also was a longstanding member
of a Carpenters union affiliate, that he signed his card at
the March 17 meeting, and read it before signing it; and
neither A. nor V. Parks, though both testified, corrobo-
rated Shields' testimony. In view of the foregoing, and
particularly on the basis of D. Armstrong's testimony,
which I credit, I find Eastland, an experienced repre-
sentative, did not state at the April meeting the only pur-
pose for which the Unions sought the cards was to
secure an election, that Shields was mistaken in so testi-
fying, and that, in any event, none of the other eight sig-
natories signed their cards under that impression.
On April 16, Shields was discharged by Warren, at
Nielson's direction. At or about the same time, Kraft re-
signed; and D. Armstrong was promoted to foreman, re-
placing Kraft. On April 21, M. Berry resigned. On April
21, Flint Boyle, Steve Boyle, Dan Lacy, and Neal
McDowell were locally recruited and hired as mill-
wrights.
On May 6 the Region conducted a hearing on the
Unions' representation petition. The sole issue was
whether or not the millwright foremen should be includ-
ed in the unit with the journeymen (the Employers'
counsel contended the foremen should be excluded and
the Unions contended they should be included).
On May 11, James Charping was hired as a foreman
and Tommy Allen, Layton Abercrombie, Wayne Ber-
rong, John Charping, Clyde Davis, Luther Davis, Ray
Grindstaff, Wallace Gunter, Ralph Lanier, Brown
Mahon, Marvin Poteat, Billy Smith, and James Thrasher
were hired as millwrights.
The 14 new hires were not recruited locally; all came
from South Carolina. 5
The 14 were recruited by George Shepherd, Trend's
director of human resources,6 at Boercker's May I and 5
s Despite 23 responses by May 8 to help-wanted ads for millwrights
placed by Trend in Kansas City, Wichita, Tulsa, and Oklahoma City
newspapers (none of the 25 were contacted).
e I find at all pertinent times Shepherd was a supervisor and agent of
Trend acting on its behalf within the meaning of Sec. 2 of the Act.
requests.7 The 14 were recruited at the recommendation
of Daniel's personnel representative at the jobsite (Daniel
previously employed James Charping as a millwright
foreman).
Prior to proceeding to the jobsite, James Charping se-
cured agreement from Shepherd to reimburse those of
the 14 who traveled to the jobsite in their own autos for
fuel expenses; following their arrival, Shepherd author-
ized the disbursement of between $700-$800 for that pur-
pose, following the production of receipts therefor. 8
On their first regular workday, Monday, May 12,
James Charping and a crew consisting of Allen, Berrong,
John Charping, L. Davis, Grindstaff, Gunter, Lanier,
Smith, and Thrasher were assigned to clean parts in and
near the storage building. On the same day, Todd ap-
proached B. McDowell, appointed him foreman, and as-
signed to him a four-man crew consisting of Abercrom-
bie, C. Davis, Mahon, and Poteat, for work at the tur-
bine building. The other 11 millwrights (A. Armstrong,
D. Berry, F. Boyle, S. Boyle, Chambers, Clark, Johnson,
Lacy, N. McDowell, F. J. Michael, and V. Parks) con-
tinued their installation work at the turbine building
under Foremen A. Parks and D. Armstrong.
When Todd promoted him and assigned him a crew,
McDowell asked why all the new men were hired. Todd
replied he did not know, he had not been told why they
were hired, just instructed to put them to work. Todd as-
signed the McDowell crew, as its first job, the leveling
of the sole plate for the front standard, to be followed by
preparation for, and installation of, boiler feed pumps.
Leveling the standard required the use of micrometers
and precision levels, plus proper placement of shims. On
starting work, McDowell found neither Mahon nor D.
Davis knew how to read a micrometer or utilize a preci-
sion level, both basic tools used by millwrights, and that
Abercrombie and Poteat were hesitant about their mi-
crometer readings and unfamiliar with the level. He as-
signed C. Davis to cleaning bolts, was unable to find
much work Mahon could perform, and attempted to
carry on the leveling job with Abercrombie and Poteat.
When Todd complained to him about Mahon's wander-
ing around the jobsite and Davis' limited work perform-
ance, McDowell told Todd of Mahon's and Davis' limit-
ed capacities, that he was not going to "ride herd" on
Mahon, was limited in the work he had available that
Davis could perform, and suggested Mahon be terminat-
ed. Todd replied he could not terminate any of the new
hires and took no action concerning either Mahon or C.
Davis. After trying to work with his crew for 2 weeks,
McDowell informed Todd that they were incapable of
performing the assigned work. Todd agreed, transferred
the four to James Charping's cleaning crew, and assigned
four men from that crew-Berrong, Grindstaff, Smith,
and Thrasher-to work with McDowell. McDowell im-
mediately learned neither Smith nor Thrasher was famil-
7 The latter request increased the number requested from I foreman
and 6 millwrights to I foreman and 13 millwrights
' A special payroll was prepared to pay the 14 new hires for Sunday,
May 11, the day they reported at the jobsite and were processed, inas-
much as the weekly payroll ended on consecutive Sundays and the regu-
lar payroll for the week ending Sunday, May 1, had been completed and
sent in.
297
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
iar with precision tools; they neither could read a mi-
crometer nor use a precision level, and were unfamiliar
with the process for setting shims. Working with Ber-
rong and Grindstaff. he was able to level the sole plate
(after showing them how), with Grindstaff able to do the
work without help and Berrong requiring assistance to
complete the work. When he went on to the work of
preparing for the installation of the boiler feed pumps,
however, he experienced great difficulty due to the inex-
perience of the crew and informed Todd that his second
crew was incapable of performing the work. Todd trans-
ferred the second crew back to James Charping's clean-
ing crew and assigned I of the I I millwrights uniformly
employed on installation at the turbine building to work
with McDowell, despite McDowell's request to resume
journeyman rather then foreman status.
On May 19, the Regional Director issued a Decision
and Direction of Election in Case 17-RC-9024 finding
appropriate for collective-bargaining purposes the unit
sought by the Unions; namely:
All full-time and regular part-time millwrights and
millwright foremen employed by the Employer at
the Wolf Creek Power Plant jobsite in New
Strawn, Kansas, Excluding office clerical employ-
ees, professional employees, guards and supervisors
as defined in the Act. and all other employees.
The Regional Director included the foremen in the
unit on the basis of findings: (1) the foremen received a
fixed differential over the journeyman rate (75 cents per
hour), worked the same hours, shared the same fringe
benefits and working conditions, and were hired to work
for the same period as the journeymen (the duration of
the job); (2) the foremen neither possessed nor exercised
the power to hire, fire, discipline, or assign overtime, and
both the foremen and the journeymen effectively recom-
mended new hires for employment; and (3) the foremen
exercised routine responsibilities not requiring independ-
ent judgment in assigning and directing the work of their
crews.
In his decision, the Regional Director directed an elec-
tion within the unit on June 19, specifying those employ-
ees within the unit whose names appeared on the payroll
for the pay period May 12--18 would be eligible to vote.
Counsel for the Employers promptly submitted a voter
eligibility list which included the names of the 14 May
11 hires.
On May 30, Boercker directed Trend to hire four
more millwrights. On June 2, John Bennett, Calvin
Markel, Franklin W. Michael, and William Tabor were
hired.
Following the issuance of the Regional Director's May
19 decision, Trend conducted a vigorous campaign to
persuade the unit employees to vote against representa-
tion by the Unions.
On June 13, the Unions filed the charge which led to
this proceeding. On June 16, the Regional Director
issued an order in Case 17-RC-9024 postponing the
scheduled June 19 election for an indefinite period, due
to the pendenicy of the charge.
Between June 19 and July 3, John Charping and S.
Boyle quit. On June 19, 11 junior millwrights within the
unit were laid off (Abercrombie, Allen, Bennett, C.
Davis, Grindstaff, Mahon, Markel, F. W. Michael,
Smith, Tabor, and Thrasher).
On June 26, the three junior foremen (D. Armstrong,
James Charping, and J. McDowell) and eight junior
journeymen (Berrong, F. Boyle, L. Davis, Gunter,
Lanier, Lacy, N. McDowell, and Poteat) were laid off.
On July 3, two junior journeymen (Clark and Johnson)
were laid off. The unit was thereby reduced to the senior
foreman (A. Parks) and the five senior journeymen (A.
Armstrong, D. Berry, Chambers, F. J. Michael, and V.
Parks).
Prior to the time James Charping and his recruits
began work at the jobsite, Warren scheduled and accom-
plished the work of cleaning all the low-pressure shells
by assigning the regular crew to cleaning operations
whenever there was slack or an interruption in work at
the turbine building. Warren scheduled the cleaning of
the rotors, low-pressure shells, and diaphragms for Octo-
ber, to ready them in time prior to their installation.9
During the time Charping's cleaning crew worked at the
jobsite (between May 12 and June 26, when Charping
and the last of his recruits were laid off), they cleaned
four rotors, two high-pressure shells, and three dia-
phragm halves. According to Todd, it took three to four
members of Charping's crew 3 weeks to clean the three
diaphragm halves; by way of contrast, in the fall of 1980,
two of the millwrights employed prior to the employ of
Charping's crew took 12 hours to clean one diaphragm
half. During the time Charping's crew was assigned to
cleaning parts, members of the crew were observed re-
clining and otherwise not working during regular work-
ing hours. o
For some time prior to the layoffs, Daniel was having
trouble performing a portion of the work at the turbine
building-installing supports for the moisture separator
reheaters-which had to be completed before the unit
millwrights could perform the next stage of GE's work
at the turbine building. Boercker was aware of the delay
in April and knew Daniel not only missed the target
completion date for the work in question--May 15-it
was not going to have the work completed by the end of
June, and not for an indefinite period thereafter. It is
therefore undisputed a reduction in the anticipated work-
load of the unit occurred, commencing approximately
May 15, and continued through August (Daniel complet-
ed the work in question in late August).
On July 18 the Unions filed an amended charge alleg-
ing the seven members of the original crew (the crew as
it existed prior to the May I I hires) who were laid off on
June 26 and July 2 (D. Armstrong, F. Boyle, Clark,
Johnson, Lacy, B. McDowell, and N. McDowell) were
laid off to discourage any further effort on their part and
their fellow unit employees to secure union representa-
tion.
9 Most of the parts cleaned by Charping's crew still had not been in-
stalled at the time of the hearing.
1O I credit Van Parks' testimony to that effect.
298
TREND CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION
The complaint, incorporating the amended charge,
issued on July 25.
On September 18 reinstatement was offered to the
seven employees named in the complaint as those whose
layoff was discriminatory. Four of the seven, including
B. McDowell. accepted the offer. '
Following his recall, B. McDowell asked Todd if
there would be another layoff. Todd replied he did not
think so, though KCIE threatened to pull GE's contract
and bring in another contractor if the job went union,
since KGE put the job out for bid on an open-shop basis.
B. A nalysis and Conclusions
1. The joint employer issue
It is the contention of the Employers that Trend was
the sole employer of the unit employees; the issue is
whether GE was also their employer.
I have entered findings that supervisors and agents of
GE:
1. Hired unit employees.
2. Changed their rate of pay.
3. Discharged a unit employee.
4. Assigned and directed unit employees' work.
5. Determined the number of unit employees on the
job.
GE contends the above factors fail to establish it was a
joint employer of the unit employees because GE and
Trend are separate corporations, they are separately
owned and operated, their operations are not interrelat-
ed, and they do not have common management or cen-
tralized control of labor relations.
The findings recited above establish the contrary; i.e.,
while it is true they are separately owned corporations,
GE and Trend's operations were interrelated; GE's rep-
resentatives exercised common control over labor rela-
tions vis-a-vis the unit employees; and GE representatives
participated in hiring, firing, layoff, discipline, and work
decisions, as well as determination of the unit employees'
wage rates and working conditions.
I find, on the basis of the foregoing, GE and Trend
were joint employers of the unit employees at times per-
tinent. 2
2. The unit and majority representation issues
The Employers do not contest the Regional Director's
May 19 decision that a unit consisting of all the mill-
wright foremen and millwrights employed on the GE
contract at the jobsite, the unit sought by the Unions,
was appropriate for collective-bargaining purposes
I I McDowell accepted reinstatement as a journeyman.
i2 Sun-Maid Growers of California v. N.L.R.B., 618 F.2d 56 (9th Cir
1980): US. Pipe & Foundry Company and Winfrey Enterprises. Inc., 247
NLRB 139 (1980): Pulitzer Publishing Co., 242 NLRB 35 (1979), affd. 618
F 2d 1275 (8th Cir 1980); Fransportation Lease Service, Inc. and Allied
Stores of Penn-Ohio. d/b/a Pomeroy's Inc., 232 NLRB 95 (1977):; .Mnpow-
er. Inc and Avis Rent-A-Car System. Inc., 226 NLRB I ,1976); Pilot
Freight Carriers. Inc and BBR of Florida. Inc., 223 NLRB 286 (1976),;
Manpower, Inc of Shelby County and Armour Grocery Products Co.. Divi-
sion of Armour and Company. 164 NL.RB 287 (1967); The Greyhound Cor-
poration (Southern Greyhound Lines Division) and Floors Inc. of Florida,
153 NL.RB 1488 (1965).
within the meaning of Section 9 of the Act, and I so find
and conclude.
I have entered findings that previous to April 15,
when the Unions submitted their petition for certification
as the collective-bargaining representative of the unit em-
ployees, they secured cards from 9 of the 13 employees
within the unit, a clear majority (even discounting the
Shields' card) authorizing the Union to represent them
for collective-bargaining purposes. I find due to that au-
thorization on April 15 the Unions represented a major-
ity of the unit employees.
By April 21. however, the unit composition changed;
Foreman Kraft quit and Shields was discharged on April
17: on April 21, M. Berry quit and F. Boyle. S. Boyle,
Lacy, and N. McDonell were hired. As a result, oni
April 21 the unit increased by I (to 14) and the number
of card signers within the unit decreased to 7.
From the above, it is clear that on and after April 21,
and prior to the commission of any of the unfair labor prac-
tices alleged in the complaint, the Unions ceased to repre-
sent a majority of the employees Within the unit, and I so
find.
3. The "packing" and inducement issues
On April 15. the unit consisted of 13 employees, went
down to 11 on April 17: up to 14 on April 21: jumped to
28 on May 11; increased to 32 on June 2: went down to
6 on July 3; increased to It) in September: went down to
8 in December; and stayed at that level through January.
In early May, the 14 May II hires were promis:ed reim-
bursement for their travel expenses to induce their ac-
ceptance of employment, and received payment therefor
later.
During this same time period, the Unions filed their
petition on April 15; between April 17 and 22 Trend and
GE were made aware of the petition: on May 6 the
Region held a hearing on the issue of whether the fore-
men should be included within the unit; on May 19 the
Region issued its decision including the foremen within
the unit and directing an election among those employ-
ees within the unit on the payroll for the week ending
May 18; and on June 13 the Region indefinitely post-
poned an election scheduled for June 19.
It is readily apparent the May offer and payment of a
special benefit (travel expenses) and the hire of double
the number then in the unit coincided w ith the Employ-
ers' awareness of the petition filing and the Employers'
avoidance of an immediate election by raising the issue
of whether the foremen should be included within the
unit; it is also obvious the offer, payment, hire, and elec-
tion delay enable the new hires' names to be included in
the list of eligible voters; and it is equall% evident the in-
flated work force waas, reduced to a level consonant with
the work requirements when the attempt to add the
South Carolineans to the voting group was thwartcd by
the election postponement.
It is also clear the 28-man crew in May-increased to
32 in June-far exceeded the w ork requirement at that
time. The number within the unit prior to its sudden ex-
pansion in anticipation of the election anti the nuniber
within the unit subsequent to the election cancellation
DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
lend substance to Warren's testimony it was never antici-
pated the job would require more than 15 men to per-
form; and Warren's ability, with a crew of less than 15,
to schedule and accomplish cleaning of parts scheduled
for installation in ample time prior to the need therefor,
gives addition to that estimate. The fact the May hires
were offered employment and assured of reimbursement
for travel expense to the jobsite without screening con-
cerning their qualifications and neither terminated nor
disciplined when it was determined half the limited
number of the May hires assigned to work at the turbine
building were unqualified for millwright work and shirk-
ing the performance of any job duties; that only a few of
the May hires were assigned to perform skilled work at
the turbine building but rather were assigned the un-
skilled work of cleaning parts; that Boercker's early May
demands'3 that Trend double the millwright force were
phrased in urgent terms, despite Boercker's awareness
Daniel was behind schedule in completing the moisture
separator work; that Todd indicated he did not know
when the May hires arrived and why they had been
hired; that most of them were put to work on nonurgent
work (cleaning parts); that the applications of 25 locally
available millwrights were ignored; and that the unit was
promptly reduced to a number sufficient to perform the
work available when the election was postponed for an
indefinite period also supports the conclusion the May
hires were unneeded, and hired solely to influence the
election.
The Employers contend the factors recited above do
not demonstrate they doubled the unit in May to influ-
ence the anticipated election in the absence of proof of
union animus on their part. That contention is without
merit, since Todd's October comments and Trend's ef-
forts to influence the unit employees against the Unions
establish, in the case of the former, the meaning of the
ambiguous language of the contract between the utilities
quoted heretofore-that the utilities bid the job as open
shop and expected GE and Daniel to keep it an open-
shop job in their subcontracting arrangements-and, in
the case of the latter, its preelection propaganda showed
its union animus.
I therefore find and conclude the Employers offered
and paid the May hires a special benefit to accept em-
ployment within the unit, and employed them, in order
to double the unit and thwart the efforts of its employees
who were supporters of the Unions to secure representa-
tion by the Unions, thereby violating Section 8(a)(1) of
the Act. ' 4
4. The layoff issue
Between June 19 and July 3, the "packed" unit of 32
employees was reduced to 6, due to 2 quits and 24 lay-
"s I do not credit Boercker's testimony he decided in mid-April to
double the unit; his testimony to that effect was uncorroborated; the doc-
umentary recordr establish he made his urgent requests for additional per-
sonnel in early May (after his receipt of notice of the petition filing) and
his alleged projection of increased work demands for the unit is belied by
his awareness in April of Daniel's difficulties with the moisture separator
work and the fact the new hires were not assigned to installation work
but to cleaning.
14 Maxi Mart, 246 NLRB 115 (1979); C. Markus Hardware. Inc., 243
NLRB 903 (1979).
offs. The layoffs were accomplished by seniority; i.e., the
last hires were the first laid off, 5 which meant all the
April 21, May II, and June 2 hires were laid off, plus 2
of the pre-April 15 journeymen hires and 3 foremen (in-
cluding the 2 whose hiring dates predated April 15).
Two factors precipitated the layoffs-the futility of re-
taining the unnecessary hires of May 11 and June 2 in
view of the indefinitely postponed election and the slow-
down in the work required which occurred when Daniel
failed to timely complete the moisture separator reheater
work.
In view of the foregoing, I find and conclude that the
General Counsel and the Unions failed to demonstrate
the layoffs of the two foremen with pre-April 15 hiring
dates, three of the four April 21 hires (one quit), and the
two pre-April 15 journeymen hires were accomplished to
inhibit the unit employees' exercise of their rights under
Section 7 of the Act. 6
I therfore find and conclude that the Employers did
not violate Section 8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act by laying
off D. Armstrong, F. Boyle, Clark, Johnson, Lacy, B.
McDowell, and N. McDowell on June 26 and July 3.
5. The bargaining order issue
Inasmuch as I have found the Unions ceased to repre-
sent a majority of the unit employees on April 21 and
their loss of majority representative status at that time
cannot be attributed to the Employers, I find and con-
clude no basis exists for the issuance of a bargaining
order. 1 7
Ill. THE REMEDY
Having found the Employers engaged in an unfair
labor practice in violation of Section 8(a)(l) of the Act. I
shall recommend that the Employers be directed to cease
and desist therefrom and to take affirmative action de-
signed to effectuate the purposes of the Act. Having
found GE and Trend did not violate Section 8(a)(l) and
(3) of the Act by its June 26 and July 3 layoffs, I shall
recommend those portions of the complaint so alleging
be dismissed.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. At times material GE and Trend were employers
engaged in commerce in a business affecting commerce
1i Classification seniority was applied; i.e., the 3 junior foremen and the
27 junior journeymen were laid off, rather than permitting the 2 laid-off
foremen with sufficient total service to retain employment (D. Armstrong
and B. McDowell) to exercise their overall seniority within the unit to
retain employment.
t0 I further note only three of the seven employees who were alleged
to have been laid off because of their union activities (D. Armstrong,
Clark, and Johnson) signed union authorization cards prior to their layoff
and five of the six employees who retained their employment after the
layoffs (A. Armstrong, D. Berry, F. J Michael. A. Parks, and V. Parks)
signed union authorization cards prior to the layoffs.
lI Struthers Dunn, Inc., 237 NLRB 892 (1978) (see also N.L.R.B. v.
Struthers Dunn, Inc., 574 F.2d 796 (3d Cir. 1978); Kawasaki Motors, 257
NLRB 488 (1981); Sumco Manufacturing Co., Inc., 251 NLRB 427 (1980);
F. WI.L Lundy Bros. Restaurant, Inc., 248 NLRB 415 (1980); Miami
Springs Properties, Inc. and James H. Kinley and Associates. Joint Employ-
ers, 245 NLRB 278 (1979); Woonsocket Health Center, 245 NLRB 652
(1979).
300
TREND CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION
and the Unions were labor organizations within the
meaning of Section 2 of the Act.
2. At times material GE and Trend were joint employ-
ers of all full-time and regular part-time millwrights and
millwright foremen employed by them at the Wolf Creek
Power Plant jobsite near New Strawn, Kansas, excluding
office clerical employees, professional employees, guards
and supervisors as defined in the Act, and all other em-
ployees.
3. The above-specified unit at material times was ap-
propriate for collective-bargaining purposes within the
meaning of Section 9 of the Act.
4. On April 15 the Unions represented a majority of
the Joint Employers' employees with the unit and ceased
to represent a majority of the unit employees on April
21.
5. The Joint Employers violated Section 8(a)(1) of the
Act by a May offer and payment of travel expenses to
secure the employment of a large number of unneeded
millwrights, and by their hire, since the offer, payment
and hire were effected to thwart the efforts of their pre-
viously hired unit employees to secure union representa-
tion.
6. The Joint Employers did not violate Section 8(a)(1)
and (3) of the Act by their June 26 and July 3 layoffs of
unit employees.
7. The aforesaid unfair labor practice affected com-
merce as defined in the Act.
On the basis of the foregoing findings of fact, conclu-
sions of law, and the entire record, and pursuant to Sec-
tion 10(c) of the Act, I recommend the issuance of the
following recommended:
ORDER 8
The Respondents, Trend Construction Corporation,
Burlington, Kansas, and General Electric Corporation,
St. Louis, Missouri, their officers, agents, successors, and
assigns, shall:
1. Cease and desist from interfering with their employ-
ees' Section 7 rights by offering and paying special bene-
fits to secure the hire of unneeded employees, and hiring
unneeded employees, to inflate the following described
unit and prevent a fair election among:
All full-time and regular part-time millwrights and
millwright foremen employed by GE and Trend at
their Wolf Creek Power Plant jobsite near New
Strawn, Kansas, excluding office clerical employees,
professional employees, guards and supervisors as
defined in the Act, and all other employees.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act:
18 In the event no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec. 102.46 of
the Rules and Regulations of the National Labor Relations Board, the
findings, conclusions, and recommended Order herein shall, as provided
in Sec. 102.48 of the Rules and Regulations, be adopted by the Board and
become its findings, conclusions, and Order, and all objections thereto
shall be deemed waived for all purposes
(a) Post at their Wolf Creek jobsite copies of the at-
tached notice marked "Appendix."' 9 Copies of said
notice, on forms provided by the Regional Director for
Region 17, after being signed by their representatives,
shall be posted by GE and Trend immediately upon re-
ceipt thereof and maintained by them for 60 consecutive
days thereafter, in conspicuous places, including all
places where notices to employees are customarily
posted. Reasonable steps shall be taken by Respondents
to ensure that the notices are not altered, defaced, or
covered by other material.
(b) Notify the Regional Director for Region 17, in
writing, within 20 days from the date of this Order, what
steps the Respondents have taken to comply herewith.
IT IS FURTHER RECOMMENDFD that those portions of
the complaint alleging GE and Trend violated Section
8(a)(1) and (3) of the Act by their June 26 and July 3
layoffs be, dismissed.
19 In the event that this Order is enforced by a Judgmen; of a United
States Court of Appeals, the wkords in the notice reading "Posted by
Order of the National Labor Relations Board" shall read "Posted Pursu-
ant to a Judgment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an
Order of the National Labor Relations Hoard."
APPENDIX
NOTICE To EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF rHI
NATIONAI LABOR REI ATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government
After a hearing, the above agency found we violated the
National Labor Relations Act by offering and paying
travel expenses to, and hiring a large number of unneed-
ed millwrights for the purpose of preventing our previ-
ously hired millwrights from securing representation by,
United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners of America,
Local Union No. 1224 & KAW Valley District Council,
AFL-CIO, and ordered us to post this notice advising
you in the future:
WE Wll L NOT offer and pay special benefits to,
and hire, unneeded employees within the unit set
out below, for the purpose of preventing our
normal complement of employees within that unit
from securing a fair election and representation by
the Unions named above. The unit consists of:
All full-time and regular part time millwrights
and millwright foremen employed by us at the
Wolf Creek Power Plant jobsite near New
Strawn. Kansas, excluding office clerical employ-
ees, professional employees, guards and supervi-
sors as defined in the Act, and all other employ-
ees.
TRLND CONSI' RTC1I ION CORPORArTION AND
GENERAl E.IC IRIC CORPORATION, INDI-
VIlI)LAI I Y AND AS JOINT EsiPI .O FRS
301